ῥάφανον

ῥάφανος

cabbage: fem acc sg

ῥάφανος

cabbage: fem acc sg

σπειρ-ώδης, ες, ([etym.] σπεῖρος)

A with many coats, κόρση, of σκίλλα and ῥάφανον, Nic.Al. 253, 527.

στελεά, ἡ,

A haft, shaft, [ στυρακίου] Aen.Tact.18.10 (unless = socket); [dialect] Ep. [full] στελεή,

τυπίδος A.R.4.957

: also [full] στειλειή, haft of an axe, Od.21.422, v.l.in Nic.Th. 387.

II metaph., στειλέαν,= τὴν μακρὰν ῥάφανον, Antiph. (Fr.121?) ap. Hsch. (cf. στελεός). (The statement of Hsch., EM726.52, Eust.1531.37, that στειλειή = hole in the axe-head, may be due to a misunderstanding of Od. l.c.) (With στελεά, στελεόν, στελεός, cf. OE. stela 'stem, stalk', Engl. (dial.) steal 'handle of a hammer, axe, rake, etc., shaft of an arrow or javelin'.)

ῥᾰφᾰν-ος, ἡ, [dialect] Att. for κράμβη,

A cabbage, Brassica cretica, Ar.Fr. 109;

οἶδ' ὅτι καλοῦμεν ῥάφανον, ὑμεῖς δ' οἱ ξένοι κράμβην Apollod.

Car.27;

τῆς ῥ., ἣν καλοῦσί τινες κράμβην Arist.HA 551a15

, cf. Thphr. HP1.6.6, al.; it was boiled for use, Nicoch.15, Alex.286; distd. fr. - ίς by Phryn.11, Hsch.

2 ῥ. ἀγρία,= κράμβη ἀγρία, Thphr.HP7.6.2.

b = ῥαφανὶς ἀγρία, ib.9.15.5.

c tuberous spurge, Euphorbia Apios, Dsc.4.175; also ῥ. ὀρεία, ὀρεινή, Thphr.HP9.12.1, Ps.-Dsc.4.175.

II also,= ῥαφανίς, Arist.Pr. 924a34, PTeb.79.22 (ii B.C.), Poll.1.247. ([dialect] Ion.(?) and late Gr. [full] ῥέφανος Hp.Mul.2.115, Gloss.: v. ῥάπυς.)

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `cabbage, Brassica cretica' (Att. etc.), `radish, Raphanus sativus' (Arist., pap.).

Other forms: Also - άνη Batr. [v.l.] a.o.). Cf. ῥάφυς, ῥάπυς f. `turnip'. ῥέφανος Hp. Mul. 2, 115.

Derivatives: 1. ῥαφανίς, - ῖδος f. `radish' (com. a.o.) with - ίδιον n. `id.' (Pl. Com.), - ιδώδης `like a radish' (Thphr.), - ιδόομαι `to be treated with radish' (Ar.); 2. ῥαφάν-ιον n. `radish' (pap.), also ῥαπάνιον; 3. - ινος `of radish' (pap., Dsc. a.o.), - ῖτις f. `kind of iris' (Plin.; Redard 76); 4. - ηδόν adv. `in a radish-like way' (medic.). -- Beside it ῥάφυς, ῥάπυς f. `turnip' (Ath. 9, 369b, 371 c). -- Very uncertain ῥάφας acc. pl. (after H. s. ῥαφανίς with Tryphon Dor.); prob. miswritten for ῥαφάνους or ῥαφ\<άν\>ας; cf. Phot. ῥάφανον την ῥαφανῖδα. Έπίχαρμος (Fr. 204) [improbable]. With ῥάφανος cf. πύανος, λάχανον, πήγανον a. other plantnames; of ῥάφυς, ῥάπυς remind σίκυς, κάχρυς, στάχυς a.o.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Old designation of the turnip, which is widespread in the Europ. languages but shows a varying vocalism, which points to old loans: Lat. rāpum n., -a f., OHG ruoba f., Lith. rópė f., which may all come fom IE * rāp-; besides OHG raba, Bayr. Kohlraben (influenced by Lat. rāpa?), Slav., e.g. R.-CSl. rěpa, Russ. répa f. (IE * rēp or secondary derailment?; cf. Machek Ling. Posn. 2, 158 ff.); here further, with ᾰ and almost general aspiration, Gr. ῥάπυς, ῥάφυς, ῥάφανος (on the formation above). Already because of the lacking prothet. vowel ῥάπυς etc. cannot be an IE heritage; to be rejected Carnoy REGr. 71, 98 and Ant. class. 24, 22. (Quite on themselves stand Celt. forms like Welsh erfin pl. `turnips'). -- The transer of the old word for `turnip' to black radish and cabbage will be due to the decline of the cultivation of the turnip in Greece; for `turbip' a new word, γογγυλίς, came into use. Details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 341, Pok. 852, W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s.vv.; on the facts also Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 612 and 2, 251. -- The variation π\/φ, and the suffix - αν-, show that the word is Pre-Greek.

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