-
1 πτυω
1) плевать, сплевывать Her., Xen. etc.; выплевывать(αἷμα Hom.)
εἰς τὸν κόλπον π. Theocr., Luc. или ὑπὸ κόλπον π. Anth. — сплевывать себе на грудь ( чтобы избежать последствий дурной приметы)2) извергать, выбрасывать(τι Anth.)
3) отвергать с презрением -
2 πτύω
Aπτύσομαι Id.Morb.1.28
: [tense] aor. ἔπτῠσα ib.22, S.Ant. 653, etc.: [tense] pf.ἔπτῠκα S.E. M.8.252
, Gal.10.374, 11.281:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. πτυσθήσομαι ([etym.] ἀνα-) Id.9.686, 15.700, ([etym.] ἐμ-) Ev.Luc.18.32: [tense] aor.ἐπτύσθην Hp.Morb.1.28
: [tense] aor.2 part.πτυέντα Id.Epid.2.3.4
. [[pron. full] ῡ in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf.; later [dialect] Ep. have [pron. full] ῠ in [tense] impf. before a short syll., Nonn.D.10.171, but mostly in compds., ([etym.] ἀνα-) A.R.2.570, ([etym.] ἀπο-) 4.925, ([etym.] ἐξ-) Theoc.24.19; [pron. full] ῠ always in [tense] aor.): — spit out or up, αἷμα Il.l.c., Hp.Art.49: abs., spit, Hdt.1.99, X.Cyr. 8.1.42: c. dat., πτύσας προσώπῳ spat in his face, S.Ant. 1232.2 of the sea, disgorge, cast out,με.. τηλόσ' ἀπὸ.. ἠϊόνος AP7.283
(Leon.), cf. Opp.H.5.596: metaph.,στοργὰν ἔπτυσας εἰς ἀνέμους AP7.468
(Mel.): abs., ἐπ' ἀϊόνι πτύοντα, of waves, Theoc.15.133; with a splash,AP
9.290 (Phil.).b of fish, spawn, Babr.6.8.c prov., πρὶν πτύσαι 'before you can say Jack Robinson', Men.Pk. 202.3 metaph., πτύσας with loathing, S. Ant. 653;ἰδεῖν ῥᾷόν ἐστι καὶ πτύσαι Epicr.3.20
.4 εἰς κόλπον π., to avert a bad omen, disarm magic, etc., which was done three times, , cf. 20.11;φρίξας εἰς κόλπον πτύσαι Thphr.Char.16.15
, cf. Luc.Nav.15, etc.; ὑπὸ κόλπον π. AP12.229 (Strat.).II promote the flow of spittle, of certain wines, in [voice] Pass., Hp.Vict.2.52. (Cf. Goth. speiwan 'spit', Lat. spuo, etc.) -
3 πτύ̄ω
πτύ̄ωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to spew, to spit' (Hom.).Other forms: Aor. πτύ-σαι (Hom.), pass. πτυ-σθῆναι, - ῆναι (Hp.), fut. πτύσ-ω, - ομαι (IA.), perf. ἔπτυκα (late).Derivatives: 1. ἀπό-, κατά-πτυστος `worth to be spat upon, abominable' (Anacr., trag., also Att. prose); 2. πτύσις ( ἔκ-, ἔμ-, ἀνά-) f. `the spewing' (Hp., Arist.); 3. πτυσμός m. `id.' (Hp.); 4. πτύσμα ( ἔμ-, ἀπό-, κατά-) n. `spittle' (Hp., Plb., LXX); 5. ἀπο-πτυστήρ m. "the spitter" (Opp.); 6. πτυάς, - άδος f. des. of a venomous snake (Gal. a. o.); 7. πτύ-αλον, - ελον n. (- ος m.) `spittle' (Hp., Arist.), from which - αλώδης `spittle-like', - αλίζω, - ελίζω `to secrete spittle' with - αλισμός (- ελ-) m. (Hp.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [999] *spi̯(e)uH- `spew, spit'Etymology: Beside the present πτύ̄-ω with long vowel (Schwyzer 686, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 373) there is the aorist πτῠ́-σαι with short vowel as in ἐρῠ́-σαι, ἀρῠ́-σαι a.o.; after this πτῠ́-σις and with anorganic σ πτύσ-μα, - μός a.o. -- Onomatop. expression, found in several languages in somewhat varying form: Lat. spuō, Germ., e.g. Goth. speiwan, Lith. spiáu-ju, -ti (from * spieuH-?), and in Skt. (niḥ-)ṣṭhī́vati (spiHu̯-? with t-v dissimilated from p-v); without s- as πτύω: CS pljujǫ, plǰьvati (from *pi̯u-\/pi̯uu̯-?), Arm. t`uk` `spittle' with t`k`-anem `spew, spit'; with diff. sequence of sounds Alb. pshtyj (Mann Lang. 26, 387). Greek πτ- can, if old, agree with Arm. t` ; if for older πι̯- OCS plǰujǫ and Lith. spiáuju can be compared. On the attempts to reduce the deviating forms to one preform, cf. Schwyzer 325 Zus. 3, WP. 2, 683 (Pok. 999f.), W.-Hofmann s. spuō (all w. lit.); further Collinder Ein indoeuropäisches Wohllautgesetz (Uppsala 1943) 9 f., 14. Well-founded objections against assuming a strict base-form for this popular-expressive expression in Persson Beitr. 1, 270 and Ernout-Meillet s. spuō. -- Greek too presents several variants: ἀπο-, ἐκ-πῡ-τίζω (Hp., com., Arist.; simplex πυτιζω only EM), prob. expressively enlarged with dissimilation (Lat. LW [loanword] pytissāre, cf. Leumann Kl. Schr. 159 w. n.1); Dor. ἐπι-φθύσδω = ἐπιπτύω (Theoc.); ψύττει πτύει and σίαι πτύσαι. Πάφιοι H. with σίαλον (s.d.).Page in Frisk: 2,617-618Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτύ̄ω
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