ἐπ-ουράν-ιος

οὐράν-ιος [ᾰ], α, ον, also ος, ον E. Ion 715, Ph. 1729 (both lyr.), Pl.Phdr. 247a (v.l.), IG12(2).58b4 (Mytil.):—

A heavenly, dwelling in heaven,

γέννα A.Pr. 165

(lyr.);

θεοί h.Cer.55

, A.Ag.90 (anap.), E.HF 758 (lyr.), etc.; οὐράνιαι the goddesses, Pi.P.2.38 codd.;

οὐράνιοι

the gods,

IG5(1).40

([place name] Laconia); of special gods, Θέμις οὐ. Pi.Fr.30.1;

Ζεύς Hdt.6.56

, Call.Jov.55, etc.; αἱ οὐ. θεοί, Demeter and Kore, IG12 (5).655.6 (Syros, nr. Delos);

Ἥρα CIG7034

; Ἔρως ib.3157; v. Οὐρανία.

2 generally, in or of heaven,

ἀστήρ Pi.P.3.75

;

πόλος A.Pr. 429

(lyr.); οὐ. θεᾶς βρέτας fallen from heaven, E.IT 986;

ἀστραπά S.OC 1466

(lyr.);

φῶς Id.Ant. 944

(lyr.);

νεφέλαι Ar.Nu. 316

; οὐ. ὕδατα, i.e. rain, Pi.O.11(10).2, Gp.2.6.10; so τὰ οὐ. alone, = rains, Thphr.HP4.14.8; οὐ. ἄχος, of a storm, S.Ant. 418 (where it may be metaph., cf. infr. 11);

οὐ. σημεῖα X.Cyr.1.6.2

; τὰ οὐ. the phenomena of the heavens, Id.Mem.1.1.11;

οὐράνιά τε καὶ χθονοστιβῆ S.OT 301

.

II reaching to heaven, high as heaven, κίων, of Aetna, Pi.P.1.19;

ἐλάτης οὐ. ἄκρος κλάδος E.Ba. 1064

;

πήδημα Id.El. 860

(lyr.); σκέλος οὐ. ἐκλακτίζειν, ῥίπτειν, kick up sky-high, Ar.V. 1492, 1530; of sounds, ὀμφὰν οὐ. A.Supp. 808 (lyr.), cf. Ar.Ra. 781;

ἵππον οὐράνια βρέμοντα E.Tr. 519

(lyr.): metaph., mountainous, colossal,

οὐ. ἄχη A.Pers. 573

(lyr.);

ἡμάρτηκεν οὐράνιόν γ' ὅσον Ar.Ra. 1135

.

III sky-blue,

λίθος κυανωτάτη καὶ -ία ἰδεῖν Philostr.VA1.25

.

IV οὐράνιον, τό, name of an eye-salve, Orib. ap. Aët.7.106.

V Adv. - ίως from the point of view of heaven, opp. γηΐνως, Procl.Sacr.p.148 B.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `heaven, sky' (Il.), also personified (Hes.).

Other forms: Dor. Boeot. ὠρανός, Aeol. ὤρανος, ὄρανος (both prob. for ὄρρ-, s. below).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. οὑρανο-μήκης `sky-high' (ε 239); in hypostases like ἐπ-ουράν-ιος `in the sky' (Il.).

Derivatives: 1. Dimin. οὑρανίσκος m. `tent-roof, palate' (hell.), also name of a constellation (sch.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 193); 2. οὑράν-ιος `heavenly' (Pi., IA.), - ίς f. (AP); - ία f. name of one of the Muses (Hes.); 3. Οὑραν-ίωνες ( θεοί) m. pl. `the heavenly (gods)' (Hom., Hes.), also `the Titans' (Ε 898; from Οὑρανός); - ίδης, Dor. -ίδᾱς `son of Ouranos', pl. `the Titans', also `the heavenly' (Hes., Pi.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 20); 4. Οὑραν-ιάς f. `game to worship Ourania' (Sparta); 5. οὑραν-ίζω or - ίζομαι `to go up high' (A.Fr. 766 M.), - ιάζω `to toss up high' (H. s. οὑρανίαν), - οῦσθαι `raised up into the sky, to become deified' with - ωσις (Eust.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: As the Aeol. variation ὠρ-, ὀρ- prob. represents a geminated ὀρρ- (Wackernagel Unt. 136 n. 1), the basis will have been *(Ϝ)ορσανός with accent as ὀρφανός and so perh. from a noun *(Ϝ)ορσό- = Skt. varṣá- n. m. `rain' (cf. Wackernagel KZ 29, 129 = Kl. Schr. 1,632). As e.g. ὄχανον, ξόανον can go back to ἔχω, ξέω, οὑρανός can as nom. ag. belong to a primary verb *Ϝερσ- = Skt. várṣati `rain'; it can however also be derived from the iterative οὑρέω (s. v.), like Indo-Ir. nouns in - ana are connected with second. verbs in - ayati ( = Gr. - έω, Wack.-Debrunner II: 2, 198ff.); meaning then "rainmaker" or metaph. "moistener, impregnator" (Wackernagel l.c.; cf. ἕρση). -- After Specht KZ 66, 199ff. (with Schulze), Fraenkel (s.Wb. s. viršùs) a.o. as "der zur Höhe in Beziehung stehende" to Skt. varṣman- m. n. `hight', Lith. viršùs `upper, highest seat', to which one connected also Ἔρρος ὁ Ζεύς H. (IE *u̯er-s- WP. 1, 267, Pok. 1151f.?); neither factually nor formally to be preferred. It has also been suggested that the word is of foreign, i.e. Pre-Greek, origin (DELG); note that - αν- is difficult to account for if the word were of IE origin. -- Against the old, often repeated but certainly wrong identification with the Skt. gods name Varuṇaḥ s. except Wackernagel l.c. also Thieme Mitra and Aryaman (Trans. Connecticut Acad. 41 [1957]) 60.

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