ἐκκάω

ἐκκάω, [dialect] Att. for ἐκκαίω.

ἐκκαίω, [dialect] Att. [full] ἐκκάω, [tense] fut. - καύσω: [tense] aor. I

A

ἐξέκαυσα Hdt.4.134

, but part.

ἐκκέαντες E.Rh.97

:—burn out,

τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς τινος Hdt.7.18

;

τὸ φῶς Κύκλωπος E.Cyc. 633

, cf. 657 (anap.):—[voice] Pass.,

ἐκκάεσθαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς

to have one's eyes burnt out,

Pl.Grg. 473c

.

II light up, kindle,

τὰ πυρά Hdt.4.134

, cf. E.Rh.l.c. ;

ἐκκέας τῶν ξύλων ἅττ' ἂν ᾖ δανότατα Ar. Pax 1133

(lyr.): metaph., ἐ. πόλεμον, ἐλπίδα, Plb.3.3.3, 5.108.5 ;

τοὺς θυμούς D.H.7.35

;

τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὀργήν Plu.Fab.7

; provoke to anger,

ἔκ με κάεις Herod.4.49

; inflame with curiosity, excite,

τινά Luc.Alex.30

;

ἴσῃ φιλοτιμίᾳ πρός τε τὸν δῆμον ἑαυτοὺς καὶ τὸν δῆμον πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἐκκαύσαντες Plu. Agis 2

:—[voice] Pass., to be kindled, burn up,

τὸ πῦρ ἐκκάεται Eup.340

;

ἐ. τὸ κακόν Pl.R. 556a

;

ὀργὴν ἐκκαῆναι LXX 2 Ki.24.1

;

ὁ δῆμος ἐξεκάετο Plu.TG13

, cf. Luc.Cal.3, etc.;

ἐ. εἰς ἔρωτα Alciphr.3.67

, cf. Charito I.I;

ὑπὸ μέθης Parth.24.2

.

2 stimulate,

τὴν βλάστησιν Thphr.CP2.1.3

.

III scorch,

ἐκκαίων ὁ ἥλιος Arist.Pr. 867a20

; of thirst, parch, Luc.Dips.4.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `axe, double axe, hatchet' (Il.).

Other forms: Ion. - εος; cf. βέλεκκος bel.

Dialectal forms: Myc. perekuwanaka ?? (Puhvel KZ 73, 221 f.).

Compounds: As 2. member in ἑξα-πέλεκυς = Lat. sexfascalis (Plb.), σφυρο-πέλεκυς `hammer-axe' (Att. inscr.; Risch IF 59, 57 f.; cf. Schwyzer RhM 79, 314ff.); ἡμι-πέλεκκον n. "half-axe", `axe with one edge' (Ψ 851), from adj. *ἡμι-πέλεκϜ-ος `consisting of half an axe' (Risch IF 59, 51);

Derivatives: πελέκ-ιον n. dimin. (Att. inscr.), πέλεκκ-ον (- ος) n. (m.) `axe-handle' (Ν 612, Poll., H.; from - κϜ-ον as πελεκκ-άω below), πελεκυ-νάριον `id.' (Theo Sm.); πελεκ-ᾶς, - ᾶτος m. `axe-smith' (Ostr. I<sup>a</sup>; Olsson Arch. f. Pap. 11, 219). Two denominatives: 1. πελεκ-άω (- εκκάω ε 244 from *-εκϜ-άω; Schwyzer 227 a. 731), rarely w. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-, `to cut with a π.' (ε 244) with - ημα, - ησις, - ητής, - ήτωρ, - ητρίς, - ητός (hell.); 2. πελεκ-ίζω ( ἀπο- AB) `to chop off with a π.', esp. `to behead' (Plb., Str.) with - ισμός (D. S.). πέλεκρα ἀξίνη is obscure and may be late. -- Through transformation after the instrument-namen in - υξ (Chantraine Form. 383) πέλυξ `id.' (LXX, pap.) with πελύκ-ιον (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Identical with Skt. paraśú- m. `axe, battle-axe' but for the accent as inherited(?) word; IE *peleḱu-(?); further Iran. forms, e.g. Osset. færæt `axe'; as Iran. LW [loanword] Toch. A porat, B peret `axe' (but see Benveniste, Études sur la langue ossète 107f.. -- Long as IE LW [loanword] identified with Accad. pilakku supp. `axe' (e.g. Kretschmer Einleitung 105 f.). The Accad. word however never means `axe' (rather `spindle'), which is why this comparison must be given up. It may be a loan from an southeastern language in a limited IE area which seems possible, though there are no further connections known. Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA 2,213 with further details and lit.; also Porzig Gliederung 160 and Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 52 f. - Furnée 150f. points to βέλεκκος ὄσπριόν τι ἐμφερες λαθύρῳ μέγεθος ἐρεβίνθου ἔχον H. Further cf. his notes 39 and 40 (p. 150f.). He also assumes that the - κκ- rather is Pre-Greek gemination. Further πέλεκρα is rather a Pre-Greek formation, like πέλυξ.

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