ἀπέχθημα

ἀπέχθημα

object of hate: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἀπέχθημα

object of hate: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἀπέχθ-ημα, ατος, τό,

A object of hate,

πάγ-κοινος, ον,

A common to all,

νοσήματα Hp.

Aër.2, Gal.17(1).2;

π. σοφισταί Poll.4.43

: mostly poet., π. χώρα, of Olympia, Pi.O.6.63; παγκοίνοις.. Δηοῦς ἐν κόλποις, of Eleusis, S.Ant. 1120 (lyr.); πληγεὶς θεοῦ μάστιγι παγκοίνῳ, i.e. by death, A.Th. 608;

ἐξ Ἅιδου παγκοίνου λίμνας S.El. 138

(lyr.); ἓν ἀπέχθημα π. βροτοῖς one object of hate common to all mankind, E. Tr. 425;

π. τέρας Pi.Pae.9.10

; στάσις π. all the band together, A.Ch. 458 (lyr.). Adv.

- νως Man.4.506

.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `hatred, enmity' (Il.).

Compounds: As 2. member in φιλ-εχθής `who is prone to hate' (Theoc. 5, 137),.

Derivatives: ἐχθρός `hated' (thus always in Hom.), `hateful', m. `enemy' (Hes., Pi.); with ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος (A. resp. Il.); ἔχθρα, ion. - ρη f. `hate, enmity' (Ion.-Att., Pi.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 226). - Verbs: ἔχθομαι, only present-stem, `be hated' (Od.), act. ἔχθω `hate' (trag.); ἀπ-εχθάνομαι (β 202), aor. ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Il.), fut. ἀπ-εχθήσομαι (Hdt.), late present ἀπ-έχθομαι (Theoc., Lyc.) `make oneself hated' with ἀπεχθής `hated' (S., D.), ἀπέχθεια `be hated, hate' (Att.), ἀπέχθημα `object of hate' (E. Tr. 425; cf. Chantraine Formation 177f.); ἐχθαίρω, aor. ἐχθῆραι, also with ἀπ-, ὑπερ-, συν-, `hate' (Il.); ἐχθραίνω, aor. ἐχθρᾶναι (X.) `be enemy, hate' with ἔχθρασμα ἔχθρα H.; ἐχθρεύω `be enemy' (LXX, Phld.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰs-to- `outsider'

Etymology: The relation of the words cited is not always clear. Clearly ἐχθραίνω and ἐχθρεύω are late derivations of ἐχθρός; much older ἐχθαίρω is also a denominative of ἐχθρός (Schwyzer 725). Also ἀπ-εχθάνομαι could with r:n-interchange be related to ἐχθρός (Benveniste Origines 16), though it could as well be a nasal enlargement of ἔχθομαι, ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Schwyzer 700, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 315f..). ἔχθομαι is acc. to Schwyzer 725 a backformation from ἐχθαίρω, but it is better connected to ἔχθος like σθένω to σθένος (Schwyzer 723). - More difficult is the interpretation of ἔχθος and ἐχθρός, for which cf. αἶσχος: αἰσχρός, κῦδος: κυδρός. If we start from ἐχθρός and consider ἔχθος with ἔχθομαι, ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος as innovations, perhaps after κυδρός, κυδίων, κύδιστος, τὸ κῦδος, we can connect ἐχθρός with Lat. extrā `outside', exterus `being outside', and so also with ἐχθός = ἐκτός `outside' (Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1 with Keil Hermes 25, 601, s. also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30; against this Wackernagel KZ 31, 41 = Kl. Schr. 1, 720); ἐχθρός then would be prop. `outside, being in foreign territory, foreigner, enemy'; cf. Lat. hostis. - More in Bq, Seiler Steigerungsformen 77f., W.-Hofmann s. ex, Pok. 292f. Now Čop KZ 74, 225f.

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