सर्वक्षत्रियमर्दन

दा I. 1 P. (यच्छति, दत्त] To give, grant. -With प्रति to exchange; तिलेभ्यः प्रतियच्छति माषान् Sk. -II. 2. P. (दाति) To cut; ददाति द्रविणं भूरि दाति दारिद्र्यमर्थिनाम् K. R. -III. 4 P. (दायति) To bind (?). -IV. 3 U. (ददाति, दत्ते; ददौ-ददे, अदात्-अदित, दास्यति-ते, दातुम्, दत्त; but with आ the p. p. is आत्त; with उप, उपात्त; with नि, निदत्त or नीत्त, and with प्र, प्रदत्त or प्रत्त)

1 To give, grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart, present (usually with acc. of the thing and dat., sometimes gen. or loc. also, of the person); अवकाशं किलोदन्वान् रामायाभ्यर्थितो ददौ R.4.58; सेचनघटैः बालपादपेभ्यः पयो दातुमित एवाभिवर्तते Ś.1; Ms.3.31;9.271; कथमस्य स्तनं दास्ये Hariv.

-2 To pay (as debt, fine &c.).

-3 To hand or deliver over.

-4 To restore, return.

-5 To give up, sacrifice, surrender; प्राणान् दा to sacrifice one's life; so आत्मानं दा to sacrifice oneself.

-6 To put, place, apply, plant कर्णे करं ददाति &c.

-7 To give in marriage; यस्मै दद्यात् पिता त्वेनाम् Ms.5. 151; Y.2.146;3.24.

-8 To allow, permit (usually with inf.); बाष्पस्तु न ददात्येनां द्रष्टुं चित्रगतामपि Ś.6.22. (The meanings of this root may be variously modified or extended according to the noun with which it is connected; मनो दा to think, direct the mind to anything; नीतौ मनो दीयते Mu.2.5; अवकाशं दा to give place to, make room; (see अवकाश); कर्णं दा to give ear to or listen; दर्शनं दा to show oneself to, grant audience to; शब्दं दा to make a noise; तालं दा to clap the hands; आत्मानं खेदाय दा to expose oneself to trouble; आतपे दा to expose to the sun's heat; आज्ञाम्, निदेशं दा to issue orders, command; आशिषं दा to pronounce a blessing; चक्षुः, दृष्टिं दा to cast a glance, see; वाचं दा to address a speech to; प्रतिवचः, -वचनं or प्रत्युत्तरं दा to give reply; शोकं दा to cause grief; श्राद्धं दा to perform a Śrāddha; मार्गं दा to make way for, allow to pass, stand out of the way; वरं दा to grant a boon; संग्रामं दा to fight; अर्गलं दा to bolt, fasten or secure with a latch; निगडं दा to put in chains, fetter; संकेतं दा to make an appointment; शापं दा to curse; वृत्तिं दा to enclose, fence in; अग्निं, पावकं दा to set on fire, &c. &c. - Caus (दापयति-ते) To cause to give, grant, &c. -Desid. (दित्सति-ते) To wish to give, &c.

दा 1 Protection, defence.

-2 Cleaning, purifying.

दुर् ind. (A prefix substituted for दुस् before words beginning with vowels or soft consonants in the sense of 'bad'. 'hard' or 'difficult to do a certain thing'; for compounds with दुस् as first member see दुस् s. v.).

-Comp. -अक्ष a.

1 weak-eyed.

-2 evileyed.

(-क्षः) 1 a loaded or false die.

-2 dishonest gambling.

-अक्षरम् an evil word; श्रुतिं ममाविश्य भवद्दुरक्षरं सृजत्यदः कीटकवदुत्कटा रुजः N.9.63.

-अतिक्रम a. difficult to be overcome or conquered, unconquerable; सर्वं तु तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरति- क्रमम् Ms.11.2.38; स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः 'nature cannot be changed'; स्वजातिर्दुरतिक्रमा Pt.1.

-2 insurmountable, impassable; B. R.6.18-19.

-3 inevitable. (

-मः) an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-अत्यय a.

1 difficult to be overcome; स्वर्गमार्गपरिघो दुरत्ययः R.11.88.

-2 hard to be attained or fathomed; स एष आत्मा स्वपरेत्यबुद्धिभिर्दुरत्यया- नुक्रमणो निरूप्यते Bhāg.7.5.13.

-अदृष्टम् ill-luck, misfortune.

-अधिग, -अधिगम a.

1 hard to reach or attain, unattainable; Bhāg.3.23.8; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत्पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33.

-2 insurmountable.

-3 hard to be studied or understood; इह दुरधिगमैः किञ्चि- देवागमैः Ki.5.18.

-अधिष्ठित a. badly performed, managed, or executed. (

-तम्) improper stay at a place.

-अधीत a. badly learnt or read.

-अध्यय a.

1 difficult of attainment; सहस्रवर्त्मा चपलैर्दुरध्ययः Śi.12.11.

-2 hard to be studied.

-अध्यवसायः a foolish undertaking.

-अध्वः a bad road; स्वयं दुरध्वार्णवनाविकाः कथं स्पृशन्तु विज्ञाय हृदापि तादृशीम् N.9.33.

-अन्त a.

1 whose end is difficult to be reached, endless, infinite; संकर्षणाय सूक्ष्माय दुरन्तायान्तकाय च Bhāg.

-2 ending ill or in misery, unhappy; अहो दुरन्ता बलवद्विरोधिता Ki.1.23; नृत्यति युवति- जनेन समं सखि विरहिजनस्य दुरन्ते (वसन्ते) Gīt.1; इयमुदरदरी- दुरन्तधारा यदि न भवेदभिमानभङ्गभूमिः Udb.

-3 hard to be understood or known.

-4 insurmountable.

-अन्तक a. = दुरन्त q. v. (

-कः) an epithet of Śiva.

-अन्वय a.

1 difficult to be passed along; Mb.14.51.17.

-2 hard to be carried out or followed.

-3 difficult to be attained. or understood; बुद्धिश्च ते महाप्राज्ञ देवैरपि दुरन्वया Rām.3. 66.18.

-4 not suitable, improper; वचो दुरन्वयं विप्रास्तूष्णी- मासन्भ्रमद्धियः Bhāg.1.84.14.

(-यः) 1 a wrong conclusion, one wrongly inferred from given premisses.

-2 (in gram.) a false agreement.

-अपवादः ill report. slander.

-अभिग्रह a. difficult to be caught.

-अभि- मानिन् a. vain-glorious, disagreeably proud.

- अवगम a. incomprehensible; Bhāg.5.13.26.

-अवग्रह a.

1 difficult to be restrained or subjugated; भक्ता भजस्व दुरवग्रह मा त्यजास्मान् Bhāg.1.29.31.

-2 disagreeable.

-अवग्राह a. difficult to be attained; Bhāg.7.1.19.

-अवच्छद a. difficult to be hidden; हेतुभिर्लक्षयांचक्रुराप्रीतां दुरवच्छदैः Bhāg.1.62.28.

-अवबोध a. unintelligible. Bhāg.1.49.29.

-अवसित a. unfathomed, difficult to be ascertained, द्युपतिभिरजशक्रशंकराद्यैर्दुरवसितस्तवमच्युतं नतो$स्मि Bhāg.12.12.67.

-अवस्थ a. ill off, badly or poorly circumstanced.

-अवस्था, -स्थानम् a wretched or miser- able state; Bhāg.5.3.12.

-अवाप a. difficult to be gained or fulfilled; Ś.1.

-अवेक्षितम् an improper look.

-अह्नः a bad day.

-आकृति a. ugly, mis-shaped.

-आक्रन्द a. crying bitterly or miserably; किं क्रन्दसि दुराक्रन्द स्वपक्ष- क्षयकारक Pt.4.29.

-आक्रम a.

1 invincible, unconquer- able.

-2 difficult to be passed.

-आक्रमणम् 1 unfair attack.

-2 difficult approach.

-आगमः improper or illegal acquisition.

-आग्रहः foolish obstinacy, head- strongness, pertinacity; ममाहमित्यूढदुराग्रहाणां पुंसाम् Bhāg.3. 5.43.

- आचर a.

1 hard to be performed.

-2 incurable (as a disease).

-आचार a.

1 ill-conducted, badly be- haved.

-2 following bad practices, wicked, depraved; अपि चेत्सुदुराचारो भजते मामनन्यभाक् Bg.9.3. (

-रः) bad practice, ill-conduct, wikedness.

-आढ्य a. not rich, poor.

-आत्मता vileness, baseness, wickedness.

-आत्मन् a. evil-natured, low, wicked, vile, base, mean; ये च प्राहुर्दुरात्मानो दुराराध्या महीभुजः Pt.1.39. (-m.) a rascal, villain, scoundrel.

- आधर a. difficult to be withstood or overpowered, irresistible.

-आधर्ष a. hard to be approached or assailed, unassailable जगन्नाथो दुराधर्षो गङ्गां भागीरथीं प्रति Mb.

-2 not to be attacked with impu- nity.

-3 haughty. (

-र्षः) white mustard.

-आधारः an epithet of Śiva.

-आधिः (m.)

1 distress or anxiety of mind; निरस्तनारीसमया दुराधयः Ki.1.28.

-2 indignation.

-आधी a. Ved. malignant, thinking ill of.

- आनम a. difficult to bend or draw; स विचिन्त्य धनुर्दुरानमम् R.11.38.

-आप a.

1 difficult to be obtained; श्रिया दुरापः कथमीप्सितो भवेत् Ś.3.13; R.1.72;6.62.

-2 difficult to be ap- proached; Pt.1.67.

-3 hard to be overcome.

-आपादन a. difficult to be brought about; किं दुरापादनं तेषाम् Bhāg.3.23.42.

-आपूर a. difficult to be filled or satisfied; Bhāg.7.6.8.

-आबाध a. hard to be molested. (

-धः) N. of Śiva.

-आमोदः bad scent, stench; शवधूमदुरामोदः शालिभक्ते$त्र विद्यते Ks.82.22.

-आराध्य a. difficult to be propitiated, hard to be won over or conciliated; दुराराध्याः श्रियो राज्ञां दुरापा दुष्परिग्रहाः Pt.1.38.

-आरुह a. difficult to be mounted.

(-हः) 1 the Bilva tree.

-2 the cocoanut tree.

-3 the date tree.

-आरोप a. difficult to be strung (bow); दुरारोपमैन्दुशेखरं धनुर्दुर्निवारा रावणभुजदण्डाः B. R.1.46-47.

-आरोह a. difficult of ascent.

(-हः) 1 The cocoanut tree.

-2 the palm tree.

-3 the date tree.

-आलापः 1 a curse, imprecation.

-2 foul of abusive language.

-आलोक a.

1 difficult to be seen or perceived.

-2 painfully bright, dazzling; दुरालोकः स समरे निदाघाम्बररत्नवत् K. P.1. (

-कः) dazzling splendour.

-आव(वा)र a.

1 difficult to be covered or filled up; दुरावरं त्वदन्येन राज्यखण्डमिदं महत् Rām.2.15.5.

-2 difficult to be restrained, shut in, kept back or stopped.

-आवर्त a. difficult to be convinced or set up; भवन्ति सुदुरावर्ता हेतुमन्तो$पि पण्डिताः Mb.12.19.23.

- आशय a.

1 evil-minded, wicked, malicious, स्फुटनिर्भिन्नो दुराशयो$धमः Śi. उपेयिवान् मूलमशेषमूलं दुराशयः कामदुघाङ्घ्रिपस्य Bhāg.3.21.15.

-2 having a bad place or rest. (-m.) the subtle body which is not destroyed by death (लिङ्गदेह); एतन्मे जन्म लोके$स्मिन्मुमुक्षूणां दुराशयात् Bhāg.3.24. 36.

-आशा 1 a bad or wicked desire.

-2 hoping against hope.

-आस a. difficult to be abided or associated with; संघर्षिणा सह गुणाभ्यधिकैर्दुरासम् Śi.5.19.

- आसद a.

1 difficult to be approached or overtaken; स सभूव दुरासदः परैः R.3.66; 8.4; Mv.2.5; 4.15.

-2 difficult to be found or met with.

-3 unequalled, unparalleled.

-4 hard to be borne, insupportable.

-5 difficult to be conquered, unassailable, unconquerable; जहि शत्रुं महाबाहो कामरूपं दुरासदम् Bg.3.43. (

-दः) an epithet of Śiva.

-इत a.

1 difficult.

-2 sinful.

(-तम्) 1 a bad course, evil, sin; दरिद्राणां दैन्यं दुरितमथ दुर्वासनहृदां द्रुतं दूरीकुर्वन् G. L.2; R.8.2; Amaru.2; Mv.3.43.

-2 a difficulty, danger.

-3 a calamity, evil; अपत्ये यत्तादृग्- दुरितमभवत् U.4.3.

-इतिः f. Ved.

1 a bad course.

-2 difficulty.

-इष्टम् 1 a curse, imprecation.

-2 a spell or sacrificial rite performed to injure another person.

-ईशः a bad lord or master.

-ईषणा, -एषणा 1 a curse, an imprecation.

-2 an evil eye.

-उक्त a. harshly utter- ed; Pt.1.89.

-उक्तम्, -उक्तिः f. offensive speech, reproach, abuse, censure; लक्ष्मि क्षमस्व वचनीयमिदं दुरुक्तम् Udb.

-उच्छेद a. difficult to be destroyed.

-उत्तर a.

1 unanswerable.

-2 difficult to be crossed; दुरुत्तरे पङ्क इवान्धकारे Bk.11.2; प्राप्तः पङ्को दुरुत्तरः Ki.15.17.

- उदय a. appearing with difficulty, not easily manifested; यो$ नात्मनां दुरुदयो भगवान्प्रतीतः Bhāg.3.16.5.

-उदर्क a. having bad or no consequences; N.5.41.

-उदाहर a. diffi- cult to be pronounced or composed; अनुज्झितार्थसंबन्धः प्रबन्धो दुरुदाहरः Śi.2.73.

-उद्वह a. burdensome, unbear- able.

- उपसद a. difficult of approach; Ki.7.9.

-उपसर्पिन् a. approaching incautiously; एकमेव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् Ms.7.9.

-ऊह a. abstruse; जानीते जयदेव एव शरणः श्लाघ्ये दुरूहद्रुते Gīt.

-एव a. Ved.

1 having evil ways.

-2 irresis- tible, unassailable. (

-वः) a wicked person.

-ओषस् a. Ved. slow, lazy.

- ग 1 difficult of access, inaccessible, impervious, impassable; दुर्गस्त्वेष महापन्थाः Mb.12.3. 5; दुर्गं पथस्तत्कवयो वदन्ति Kaṭh.1.3.14.

-2 unattain- able.

-3 incomprehensible.

-4 following wicked path, vicious; Rām.2.39.22.

(-गः, -गम्) 1 a difficult or narrow passage through a wood or over a stream, mountain &c., a defile, narrow pass.

-2 a citadel. fortress, castle; न दुर्गं दुर्गमित्येव दुर्गमं मन्यते जनः । तस्य दुर्गमता सैव यत्प्रभुस्तस्य दुर्गमः ॥ Śiva. B.16.61.

-3 rough ground.

-4 difficulty, adversity, calamity, distress, danger; निस्तारयतिं दुर्गाच्च Ms.3.98;11.43; मच्चित्तः सर्व- दुर्गाणि मत्प्रसादात्तरिष्यसि; Bg.18.58.

(-गः) 1 bdellium.

-2 the Supreme Being.

-3 N. of an Asura slain by Durgā (thus receiving her name from him). ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚पतिः, ˚पालः the commandant or governor of a castle. ˚अन्तः The suburb of a fort; दुर्गान्ते सिद्धतापसाः Kau. A. 1.12. ˚कर्मन् n. fortification. ˚कारक a. making difficult. (

-कः) the birch tree. ˚घ्नी N. of Durgā. ˚तरणी an epithet of Sāvitrī. सावित्री दुर्गतरणी वीणा सप्तविधा तथा Mb. ˚मार्गः a defile, gorge. ˚लङ्घनम् surmounting difficu- lties. (

-नः) a camel. ˚संचरः

1 a difficult passage as to a fort &c., a bridge &c. over a defile. ˚संस्कारः Repairs to the old forts; अतो दुर्गसंस्कार आरब्धव्ये किं कौमुदीमहोत्सवेन Mu. ˚सिंहः N. of the author of कलापपरिशिष्ट. ˚व्यसनम् a defect or weak point in a fortress. (

-र्गा) an epithet of Pārvatī, wife of Śiva.

-2 the female cuckoo

-3 N. of several plants. ˚नवमी the 9th day of the bright half of कार्तिक. ˚पूजा the chief festival in honour of दुर्गा in Bengal in the month of Āśvina.

-गत a.

1 unfortunate, in bad circumstances; समाश्वसिमि केनाहं कथं प्राणिमि दुर्गतः Bk.18.1.

-2 indigent, poor.

-3 distressed, in trouble.

-गतता ill-luck, poverty, misery; तावज्जन्मातिदुःखाय ततो दुर्गतता सदा Pt.1.265.

-गतिः f.

1 misfortune, poverty, want, trouble, indigence; न हि कल्याणकृत्कश्चिद् दुर्गतिं तात गच्छति Bg.6.4.

-2 a difficult situation or path.

-3 hell.

-गन्ध a. ill-smelling.

(-न्धः) 1 bad odour, stink

-2 any ill-smelling substance.

-3 an onion.

-4 the mango tree. (

-न्धम्) sochal salt.

-गन्धि, -गन्धिन् a. ill-smelling.

-गम a.

1 impassable, inaccessible, impervious; कामिनीकायकान्तारे कुचपर्वतदुर्गमे Bh.1.86; Śi. 12.49.

-2 unattainable, difficult of attainment.

-3 hard to be understood. (

-मम्) a difficult place like hill etc; भ्राम्यन्ते दुर्गमेष्वपि Pt.5.81.

-गाढ, -गाध, -गाह्य a. difficult to be fathomed or investigated, unfathomable.

-गुणितम् not properly studied; चिराम्यस्तपथं याति शास्त्रं दुर्गुणितं यथा Avimārakam.2.4.

-गोष्ठी evil association; conspiracy. वृद्धो रक्कः कम्पनेशो दुर्गोष्ठीमध्यगो$भवत् Rāj. T.6. 17.

-ग्रह a.

1 difficult to be gained or accomplished.

-2 difficult to be conquered or subjugated; दुर्गाणि दुर्ग्रहाण्यासन् तस्य रोद्धुरपि द्विषाम् R.17.52.

-3 hard to be understood.

(-हः) 1 a cramp, spasm.

-2 obstinacy.

-3 whim, monomania; कथं न वा दुर्ग्रहदोष एष ते हितेन सम्य- ग्गुरुणापि शम्यते N.9.41.

-घट a.

1 difficult. कार्याणि घटयन्नासीद् दुर्घटान्यपि हेलया Rāj. T.4.364.

-2 impossible.

-घण a.

1 closely packed together, very compact.

-घुरुटः An unbeliever; L. D. B.

-घोषः 1 a harsh cry.

-2 a bear.

-जन a.

1 wicked, bad, vile.

-2 slanderous, malicious, mischievous; यथा स्त्रीणां तथा वाचां साधुत्वे दुर्जनो जनः U.1.6. (

-नः) a bad or wicked person, a malicious or mischievous man, villain; दुर्जनः प्रियवादी च नैतद्विश्वास- कारणम् Chāṇ.24,25; शाम्येत्प्रत्यपकारेण नोपकारेण दुर्जनः Ku.2.4. (दुर्जनायते Den. Ā. to become wicked; स्वजनो$पि दरिद्राणां तत्क्षणाद् दुर्जनायते Pt.1.5.). (दुर्जनीकृ [च्वि] to make blameworthy; दुर्जनीकृतास्मि अनेन मां चित्रगतां दर्शयता Nāg.2).

-जय a. invincible. (

-यः) N. of Viṣṇu.

-जर a.

1 ever youthful; तस्मिन्स्तनं दुर्जरवीर्यमुल्बणं घोराङ्कमादाय शिशोर्दधावथ Bhāg.1.6.1.

-2 hard (as food), indigestible.

-3 difficult to be enjoyed; राजश्रीर्दुर्जरा तस्य नवत्वे भूभुजो$भवत् Rāj. T.5.19.

-जात a.

1 unhappy, wretched.

-2 bad-tempered, bad, wicked; Rāj. T.3. 142.

-3 false, not genuine. ˚जीयिन् a. one who is born in vain; यो न यातयते वैरमल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः पुमान् । अफलं जन्म तस्याहं मन्ये दुर्जातजायिनः ॥ Mb.

(-तम्) 1 a misfortune, calamity, difficulty; त्वं तावद् दुर्जाते मे$त्यन्तसाहाय्यकारिणी भव M.3; दुर्जातबन्धुः R.13.72. 'a friend in need or adversity.'

-2 impropriety.

-जाति a.

1 bad natured, vile, wicked; रुदितशरणा दुर्जातीनां सहस्व रुषां फलम् Amaru.96.

-2 out- cast. (

-तिः f.) misfortune, ill condition.

-ज्ञान, -ज्ञेय a. difficult to be known, incomprehensible. उच्चावचेषु भुतेषु दुर्ज्ञेयामकृतात्मभिः Ms.6.73. (

-यः) N. of Śiva.

-णयः, -नयः, -नीतिः 1 bad conduct.

-2 impropriety

-3 in- justice.

-णामन्, -नामन् a. having a bad name.

-णीत a.

1 ill-behaved.

-2 impolitic.

-3 forward. (

-तम्) miscon- duct; दुर्णीतं किमिहास्ति किं सुचरितं कः स्थानलाभे गुणः H.

-दम, -दमन, -दम्य a. difficult to be subdued, untamable, indomitable.

-दर्श a.

1 difficult to be seen.

-2 dazzling; सुदुर्दर्शमिदं रूपं दृष्टवानसि यन्मन Bg.11.52.

-दर्शन a. ugly, ill-looking; दुर्दर्शनेन घटतामियमप्यनेन Māl.2.8.

-दशा a misfortune, calamity.

-दान्त a.

1 hard to be tamed or subdued, untamable; Śi.12.22.

-2 intractable, proud, insolent; दुर्दान्तानां दमनविधयः क्षत्रियेष्वायतन्ते Mv.3.34.

(-तः) 1 a calf.

-2 a strife, quarrel.

-3 N. of Śiva.

-दिन a. cloudy, rainy.

(-नम्) 1 a bad day in general; तद्दिनं दुर्दिनं मन्ये यत्र मित्रागमो हि न Subhāṣ.

-2 a rainy or cloudy day, stormy or rainy weather; उन्नमत्यकालदुर्दिनम् Mk.5; Ku.6 43; Mv.4.57.

-3 a shower (of any- thing); द्विषां विषह्य काकुत्स्थस्तत्र नाराचदुर्दिनम् ॥ सन्मङ्गलस्नात इव R.4.41,82;5.47; U.5.5.

-4 thick darkness; जीमूतैश्च दिशः सर्वाश्चक्रे तिमिरदुर्दिनाः Mb. (दुर्दिनायते Den. Ā. to become cloudy.)

-दिवसः a dark or rainy day; Pt.1.173.

-दुरूटः, -ढः 1 an unbeliever

-2 an abusive word.

-दृश a.

1 disagreeable to the sight, disgusting; दुर्दृशं तत्र राक्षसं घोररूपमपश्यत्सः Mb.1.2.298.

-2 difficult to be seen; पादचारमिवादित्यं निष्पतन्तं सुदुर्दृशम् Rām.7.33.5.

-दृष्ट a. ill- judged or seen, wrongly decided; Y.2.35.

-दैवम् ill-luck, misfortune.

-द्यूतम् an unfair game.

-द्रुमः onion (green).

-धर a.

1 irresistible, difficult to be stopped.

-2 difficult to be borne or suffered; दुर्धरेण मदनेन साद्यते Ghat.11; Ms.7.28.

-3 difficult to be accomplished.

-4 difficult to be kept in memory. (

-रः) quicksilver.

-धर्ष a.

1 inviolable, unassailable.

-2 inaccessible; संयोजयति विद्यैव नीचगापि नरं सरित् । समुद्रमिव दुर्धर्षं नृपं भाग्य- मतः परम् ॥ H. Pr.5.

-3 fearful, dreadful.

-4 haughty.

-धी a. stupid, silly.

-नयः 1 arrogance.

-2 immorality.

-3 evil strategy; उन्मूलयितुमीशो$हं त्रिवर्गमिव दुर्नयः Mu.5.22.

-नामकः piles. ˚अरिः a kind of bulbous root (Mar. सुरण).

-नामन् m. f. a cockle. (-n.) piles.

-निग्रह a. irre- pressible, unruly; मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् Bg.6.35.

-निमित a. carelessly put or placed on the ground; पदे पदे दुर्निमिते गलन्ती R.7.1.

-निमित्तम् 1 a bad omen; R.14.5.

-2 a bad pretext.

-निवार, -निवार्य a. difficult to be check- ed or warded off, irresistible, invincible.

-नीतम् 1 mis- conduct, bad policy, demerit, misbehaviour; दुर्णीतं किमि- हास्ति Pt.2.21; H.1.49.

-2 ill-luck.

-नीतिः f. mal- administration; दुर्नीतिं तव वीक्ष्य कोपदहनज्वालाजटालो$पि सन्; Bv.4.36.

-नृपः a bad king; आसीत् पितृकुलं तस्य भक्ष्यं दुर्नृप- रक्षसः Rāj. T.5.417.

-न्यस्त a. badly arranged; दुर्न्यस्त- पुष्परचितो$पि Māl.9.44.

-बल a.

1 weak, feeble.

-2 enfeebled, spiritless; दुर्बलान्यङ्गकानि U.1.24.

-3 thin, lean, emaciated; U.3.

-4 small, scanty, little; स्वार्थोप- पत्तिं प्रति दुर्बलाशः R.5.12.

-बाध a. Unrestrained (अनिवार); दुर्बाधो जनिदिवसान्मम प्रवृद्धः (आधिः); Mv.6.28.

-बाल a.

1 bald-headed.

-2 void of prepuce.

-3 having crook- ed hair.

-बुद्धि a.

1 silly, foolish, stupid.

-2 perverse, evil-minded, wicked; धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः (समा- गताः) Bg.1.23

-बुध a. wicked-minded, silly; Mb. 11.4.18.

-बोध a. unintelligible, unfathomable, inscru- table; निसर्गदुर्बोधमबोधविक्लवाः क्व भूपतीनां चरितं क्व जन्तवः Ki. 1.6.

-भग a.

1 unfortunate, unlucky; श्रीवल्लभं दुर्भगाः (निन्दन्ति) Pt.1.415.

-2 not possessed of good features, ill-looking.

-भगा 1 a wife disliked by her husband; दुर्भगाभरणप्रायो ज्ञानं भारः क्रियां विना H.1.17.

-2 an ill-tempered woman, a shrew.

-3 a widow;

-भर a. insupportable, burdensome, heavily laden with (comp.); ततो राजाब्रवीदेतं बहुव्यसनदुर्भरः Ks.112.156.

-भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky. (

ग्यम्) ill-luck.

-भावना 1 an evil thought.

-2 a bad tendency.

-भिक्षम् 1 scarcity of provisions, dearth, famine; Y.2.147; Ms.8.22; उत्सवे व्यसने चैव दुर्भिक्षे... यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः H.1.71; Pt.2.

-2 want in general.

-भिद, -भेद, -भेद्य a. firm; सुजनस्तु कनकघटवद् दुर्भेद्यश्चाशु संध्येयः Subhāṣ.

-भृत्यः a bad servant.

-भिषज्यम् incurability; Bṛi. Up.4.3.14.

-भ्रातृ m. a bad brother.

-मङ्कु a. obstinate, disobedient.

-मति a.

1 silly, stupid, foolish, ignorant.

-2 wicked, evilminded; न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम् Ms.11.3.

-मद a. drun- ken, ferocious, maddened, infatuated; Bhāg.1.15.7.

-दः foolish pride, arrogance.

-दम् the generative organ; ग्रामकं नाम विषयं दुर्मदेन समन्वितः Bhāg.4.25.52.

-मनस् a. troubled in mind, discouraged, disspirited, sad, malancholy; अद्य बार्हस्पतः श्रीमान् युक्तः पुष्येण राघवः । प्रोच्यतै ब्राह्मणैः प्राज्ञैः केन त्वमसि दुर्मनाः ॥ Rām. [दुर्मनायते Den. Ā. to be troubled in mind, be sad, meditate sorrowfully, to be disconso- late, become vexed or fretted; Māl.3].

-मनुष्यः a bad or wicked man.

-मन्त्रः, -मन्त्रितम्, -मन्त्रणा evil advice, bad counsel; दुर्मन्त्रान्नृपतिर्विनश्यति; Pt.1.169.

-मरम् a hard or difficult death; Mb.14.61.9.

-मरी a kind of दूर्वा grass.

-मरणम् violent or unnatural death.

-मर्ष a.

1 unbearable; Bhāg.6.5.42.

-2 obstinate, hostile.

-मर्षणः N. of Viṣṇu.

-मर्षित a. provocated, encouraged; एवं दुर्मर्षितो राजा स मात्रा बभ्रुवाहनः Mb.14. 79.13,

-मर्याद a. immodest, wicked.

-मल्लिका, -मल्ली a minor drama, comedy, farce; S. D.553.

-मित्रः 1 a bad friend.

-2 an enemy.

-मुख a.

1 having a bad face, hideous, ugly; Bh.1.9.

-2 foul-mouthed, abusive, scurrilous; Bh.2.69.

(-खः) 1 a horse.

-2 N. of Śiva.

-3 N. of a serpent king (Nm.)

-4 N. of a monkey (Nm.)

-5 N. of a year (29th year out of 6 years cycle).

-मूल्य a. highly priced, dear.

-मेधस् a. silly, foolish, dull-headed, dull; Pt.1. (-m.) a dunce, dull-headed man, blockhead; ग्रन्थानधीत्य व्याकर्तु- मिति दुर्मेधसो$प्यलम् Śi.2.26.

-मैत्र a. unfriendly, hostile; Bhāg.7.5.27.

-यशस् n. ill-repute, dishonour.

-योगः 1 bad or clumsy contrivance.

-2 a bad combi- nation.

-योध, -योधन a. invincible, unconquerable. (

-नः) the eldest of the 11 sons of Dhṛitarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī. [From his early years he conceived a deep hatred for his cousins the Pāṇḍavas, but particularly Bhīma, and made every effort he could to compass their destruction. When his father pro- posed to make Yudhiṣṭhira heir-apparent, Duryodhana did not like the idea, as his father was the reigning sovereign, and prevailed upon his blind father to send the Pāṇḍavas away into exile. Vāraṇāvata was fixed upon as their abode, and under pretext of constructing a palatial building for their residence, Duryodhana caused a palace to be built mostly of lac, resin and other combustible materials, thereby hoping to see them all destroyed when they should enter it. But the Paṇḍavas were forewarned and they safely escaped. They then lived at Indraprastha, and Yudhiṣṭhira performed the Rājasuya sacrifice with great pomp and splendour. This event further excited the anger and jealousy of Duryodhana, who was already vexed to find that his plot for burning them up had signally failed, and he induced his father to invite the Pāṇḍavas to Hastināpura to play with dice (of which Yudhiṣṭhira was particularly fond). In that gambling-match, Duryodhana, who was ably assisted by his maternal uncle Śakuni, won from Yudhiṣṭhira everything that he staked, till the infatuated gambler staked himself, his brothers, and Draupadī herself, all of whom shared the same fate. Yudhiṣṭhira, as a condition of the wager, was forced to go to the forest with his wife and brothers, and to remain there for twelve years and to pass one addi- tional year incognito. But even this period, long as it was, expired, and after their return from exile both the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas made great preparations for the inevitable struggle and the great Bhāratī war commenced. It lasted for eighteen days during which all the Kauravas, with most of their allies, were slain. It was on the last day of the war that Bhīma fought a duel with Duryodhana and smashed his thigh with his club.] मोघं तवेदं भुवि नामधेयं दुर्योधनेतीह कृतं पुरस्तात् न हीह दुर्योधनता तवास्ति पलायमानस्य रणं विहाय Mb.4.65.17.

-योनि a. of a low birth, न कथंचन दुर्योनिः प्रकृतिं स्वां नियच्छति Ms.1.59.

-लक्ष्य a. difficult to be seen or perceived, hardly visible.

-क्ष्यम् bad aim; मनः प्रकृत्यैव चलं दुर्लक्ष्यं च तथापि मे Ratn.3.2.

-लभ a.

1 difficult to be attained, or accomplished; R.1.67;17.7; Ku.4.4;5.46,61; दुर्लभं भारते जन्म मानुष्यं तत्र दुर्लभम् Subhāṣ.

-2 difficult to be found or met with, scarce, rare; शुद्धान्तदुर्लभम् Ś.1.17.

-3 best, excellent, eminent.

-ग्रामः a village situated close to a large village and inhabited by the free-holders (अग्र- हारोपजीविनः); Māna.1.79-8.

-4 dear, beloved.

-5 costly.

-ललित a.

1 spoilt by fondling, fondled too much, hard to please; हा मदङ्कदुर्ललित Ve.4; V.2.8; Māl.9.

-2 (hence) wayward, naughty, illbred, unruly; स्पृहयामि खलु दुर्ललितायास्मै Ś.7. (

-तम्) waywardness, rudeness.

-लेख्यम् a forged document. Y.2.91.

-वच a.

1 difficult to be described, indescribable. अपि वागधिपस्य दुर्वचं वचनं तद् विदधीत विस्मयम् Ki.2.2.

-2 not to be talked about.

-3 speaking improperly, abusing. (

-चम्) abuse, censure, foul language.

-वचस् n. abuse, censure; असह्यं दुर्वचो ज्ञातेर्मेघा- न्तरितरौद्रवत् Udb.

-वर्ण a. bad-coloured.

-र्णः 1 bad colour.

-2 impurity; यथा हेम्नि स्थितो वह्निर्दुवर्णं हन्ति धातु- जम् Bhāg.12.3.47.

(-र्णम्) 1 silver. दुर्वर्णभित्तिरिह सान्द्रसुधासुवर्णा Śi.4.28.

-2 a kind of leprosy.

-वस a. difficult to be resided in.

-वसतिः f. painful residence; R.8.94.

-वह a. heavy, difficult to be borne; दुर्वहगर्भखिन्नसीता U.2.1; Ku.1.11.

-वाच् a. speaking ill. (-f.)

1 evil words, abuse.

-2 inelegant language or speech.

-वाच्य a.

1 difficult to be spoken or uttered.

-2 abusive, scurrilous.

-3 harsh, cruel (as words).

(-च्यम्) 1 censure, abuse.

-2 scandal, ill-repute.

-वातः a fart. ˚वातय Den. P. to break wind or fart; इत्येके विहसन्त्येनमेके दुर्वातयन्ति च Bhāg.11.23.4.

-वादः slander, defamation, calumny.

-वार, -वारण a. irresistible, unbearable; R.14.87; किं चायमरिदुर्वारः पाणौ पाशः प्रचेतसः Ku.2.21.

-वासना 1 evil propensity, wicked desire; कः शत्रुर्वद खेददानकुशलो दुर्वासनासंचयः Bv. 1.86.

-2 a chimera.

-वासस् a.

1 ill-dressed.

-2 naked. (-m.) N. of a very irascible saint or Ṛiṣi, son of Atri and Anasūyā. (He was very hard to please, and he cursed many a male and female to suffer misery and degradation. His anger, like that of Jama- dagni, has become almost proverbial.)

-वाहितम् a heavy burden; उरोजपूर्णकुम्भाङ्का सदुर्वाहितविभ्रमा Rāj. T.4.18.

-विगाह, -विगाह्य a. difficult to be penetrated or fathomed, unfathomable.

-विचिन्त्य inconcei- vable, inscrutable

-विद a. difficult to be known or discovered; नूनं गतिः कृतान्तस्य प्राज्ञैरपि सुदुर्विदा Mb.7.78. 2.

-विदग्ध 1 unskilled, raw, foolish, stupid, silly.

-2 wholly ignorant.

-3 foolishly puffed up, elated. vainly proud; वृथाशस्त्रग्रहणदुर्विदग्ध Ve.3; ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं ब्रह्मापि नरं न रञ्जयति Bh.2.3.

-विद्ध a. Badly perforated (a pearl); Kau. A.2.11.

-विद्य a. uneducated; Rāj. T.1.354.

-विध a.

1 mean, base, low.

-2 wicked, vile.

-3 poor, indigent; विदधाते रुचिगर्वदुर्विधम् N.2.23.

-4 stupid, foolish, silly; विविनक्ति न बुद्धिदुर्विधः Śi.16.39.

-विनयः misconduct, imprudence.

-विनीत a.

1 (a) badly educated, ill-mannered; ill-behaved, wicked; शासितरि दुर्विनीतानाम् Ś.1.24. (b) rude, naughty, mis- chievous.

-2 stubborn, obstinate.

(-तः) 1 a restive or untrained horse.

-2 a wayward person, reprobate.

-विपाक a. producing bad fruit; श्रितासि चन्दनभ्रान्त्या दुर्विपाकं विषद्रुमम् U.1.46.

(-कः) 1 bad result or conse- quence; U.1.4; किं नो विधिरिह वचने$प्यक्षमो दुर्विपाकः Mv. 6.7.

-2 evil consequences of acts done either in this or in a former birth.

-विभाव्य a. inconceivable; also दुर्विभाव; असद्वृत्तेरहो वृत्तं दुर्विभावं विधेरिव Ki.11.56.

-विमर्श a. difficult to be tried or examined; यो दुर्विमर्शपथया निजमाययेदं सृष्ट्वा गुणान्विभजते तदनुप्रविष्टः Bhāg.1.49.29.

-विलसितम् a wayward act, rudeness, naughtiness; डिम्भस्य दुर्विलसितानि मुदे गुरूणाम् B. R.4.6.

-विलासः a bad or evil turn of fate; U.1.

-विवाहः a censurable marriage; इतरेषु तु शिष्टेषु नृशंसानृतवादिनः । जायन्ते दुर्विवाहेषु ब्रह्मधर्मद्विषः सुताः ॥ Ms.3.41.

-विष a. ill-natured, malignant. (

-षः) N. of Śiva.

-विषह a. unbearable, intolerable, irresistible. (

-हः) N. of Śiva.

-वृत्त a.

1 vile, wicked, ill-behaved.

-2 roguish. (

-त्तम्) misconduct, ill-behaviour. दुर्वृत्तवृत्तशमनं तव देवि शीलम् Devīmāhātmya.

-वृत्तिः f.

1 misconduct.

-2 misery, want, distress.

-3 fraud.

-वृष्टिः f. insufficient rain, drought.

-वेद a. difficult to be known or ascertained.

-व्यवहारः a wrong judgment in law.

-व्यवहृतिः f. ill-report or rumour.

-व्यसनम् 1 a fond pursuit or resolve; Mu.3.

-2 bad propensity, vice; तेन दुर्व्यसनेनासीद्भोजने$पि कदर्थना Ks.73.73.

-व्रत a. not conforming to rules, disobedient.

-हुतम् a badly offered sacrifice.

-हृद् a. wicked-hearted, ill-disposed, inimical; अकुर्वतोर्वां शुश्रूषां क्लिष्टयोर्दुर्हृदा भृशम् Bhāg.1.45.9. (-m.) an enemy.

-हृदय a. evil-minded, evil-intention- ed, wicked.

-हृषीक a. having defective organs of sense.

द्युम्नम् 1 Splendour, glory, lustre.

-2 Energy, strength, power.

-3 Wealth, property; धृष्टत्वादत्यमर्षित्वाद् द्युम्नाद्युत्संभवादपि । धृष्टद्युम्नः कुमारो$यं द्रुपदस्य भवत्विति ॥ Mb.1.167. 53.

-4 Inspiration.

-5 Sacrificial offering or oblation.

द्वैरथम् 1 A single combat in chariots; एकः सुभद्रामा- रोप्य द्वैरथे कृष्णमाह्वयत् Mb.4.49.6.

-2 A single combat in general.

-थः An adversary; अलक्षितद्वैरथमत्यमर्षणं प्रचण्ड- वक्त्रं न बभाज कश्चन Bhāg.7.8.34.

नय a. [नी भावे अच्]

1 Leading, conducting.

-2 A guide.

-3 Suitable, right, proper.

-यः 1 Guiding, leading, managing.

-2 (a) Behaviour, course of con- duct, conduct, way of life as in दुर्नय. सितोन्नतेनैव नयेन हृत्वा कैलासशैलस्य यदग्रशोभाम् Bu. Ch.1.3. (b) Prudent or righteous conduct, virtue. नयानयौ दण्डनीत्याम् Kau. A.1.2.

-3 Prudence, foresight, circumspection; तत् तासामुपशान्तये सुमतिभिः कार्यो विशेषान्नयः Pt.1.371;3.176.

-4 Policy, political wisdom, statesmanship, civil administration, state-policy; नयप्रचारं व्यवहारदुष्टताम् Mk.1.7; नयगुणोप- चितामिव भूपतेः सदुपकारफलां श्रियमर्थिनः R.9.27; नयशालिभिः Mu.1.22.

-5 Morality, justice, rectitude, equity; चलति नयान्न जिगीषतां हि चेतः Ki.1.29;2.3;6.38;16.42.

-6 A plan, design, scheme; हितैः साधुसमाचारैः शास्त्रज्ञैर्मतिशालिभिः । कथंचिन्न विकल्पन्ते विद्वद्भिश्चिन्तिता नयाः ॥ Pt.1.339;377; Mu.6.11;7.9.

-7 A maxim, principle.

-8 Course, method, manner.

-9 A system, doctrine, opinion.

-1 A philosophical system; वैशेषिके नये Bhāṣā P.15.

-11 N. of Viṣṇu.

-12 A kind of game.

-Comp. -कोविद, -ज्ञ a. skilled in policy, prudent.

-ग a. behaving properly or prudently.

-चक्षुस् a. having political foresight, wise, prudent; अर्हणामर्हते चक्रुर्मुनयो नयचक्षुषे R.1.55.

-नेतृ m. a master in politics.

-पीठी the board or cloth on which men are moved in play.

-प्रयोगः political wisdom, statesmanship.

-वादिन् m. a politician; Pt.3.

-विद् m.,

-विशारदः a politician, statesman; सन्धिविग्रहिको कार्यो राज्ञा नयविशारदः Matsya P.

-शास्त्रम् 1 the science of politics.

-2 any work on politics or political econo- my.

-3 a work on morality.

-शालिन् a. just, right- eous; नयशालिनि श्रिय इवाधिपतौ विरमन्ति न ज्वलितुमौषधयः Ki.5.24.

पाक a.

1 Small.

-2 Praiseworthy.

-3 Of perfected or matured intellect.

-4 Ved. Very young.

-5 Simple, genuine.

-6 Honest, sincere.

-7 Ignorant.

-कः [पच्-घञ्</d]

1 Cooking, dressing, baking, boiling.

-2 Burning, (as bricks), baking; पुनः पाकेन मृन्मयम् (शुद्ध्यति) Ms. 5.122; Y.1.187; एक एवायमर्थः पाको नाम । तस्यार्थान्तरे वैरूप्यं भवति । अन्यथालक्षण ओदनस्य पाकः अन्यथालक्षणो गुडस्य । ŚB. on Ms.7.2.2.

-3 Digestion (as of food); रूपं चक्षुस्तथा पाकस्त्रिविधं तेज उच्यते Mb.12.194.1.

-4 Ripe- ness; ओषध्यः फलपाकान्ताः Ms.1.46; फलमभिमुखपाकं राज- जम्बूद्रुमस्य V.4.27; Māl.9.31.

-5 Maturity, full or perfect development; धी˚, मति˚

-6 Completion, accom- plishment, fulfilment; युयोज पाकाभिमुखैर्भृत्यान् विज्ञापनाफलैः R.17.4.

-7 Result, consequence, fruit, fruition (fig. also); आशीर्भिरेधयामासुः पुरः पाकाभिरम्बिकाम् Ku.6.9; पाकाभिमुखस्य दैवस्य U.7.4; Mv.4.14.

-8 Development of the consequences of acts done.

-9 Grain, corn, नीवारपाकादि R.5.9. (d>पच्यते इति पाकः धान्यम्).

-1 Ripeness; suppuration (as of a boil).

-11 Greyness of hair caused by old age.

-12 A domestic fire.

-13 An owl.

-14 A child, young one.

-15 N. of a demon killed by Indra.

-16 An abscess, ulcer.

-17 A vessel, cooking- utensil.

-18 General fear and panic such as causes a revolution or some national calamity.

-19 The subver- sion of a country.

-2 Inflammation, suppuration.

-Comp. -अगारः, -रम्, -आगारः, -रम्, -शाला, -स्थानम् a kitchen.

-अतीसारः chronic dysentery.

-अत्ययः obscuration of the cornea after inflammation.

-अभिमुख a.

1 ready for ripeness or development; युयोज पाकाभिमुखै- र्भृत्यान् विज्ञापनाफलैः R.17.4.

-2 inclined to favour;

-कुटी a potter's kiln, pottery.

-क्रिया the act of cooking.

-ज a. produced by heat.

(-जम्) 1 black salt.

-2 flatu- lence.

-पण्डितः a master in the art of cooking.

-पात्रम्, -भाण्डम् a cooking-utensil.

-पुटी a potter's kiln.

-भेदकः a particular class of criminals.

-यज्ञः a simple or domestic sacrifice (for some varieties of it-- हुत, प्रहुत, ब्रह्मयज्ञ-- see Kull. on Ms.2.143); वर्तन्ते पाकयज्ञाश्च यज्ञकर्म च नित्यदा Mb.3.3.15. (com. पाकयज्ञाः गृह्याग्निसाध्या इष्टयः); Bhāg.6.19.24.

-शासनः, -द्विष्, -हन्तृ m. epithets of Indra; तत्र निश्चित्य कन्दर्पमगमत् पाकशासनः Ku.2. 63; Ki.11.1.

-शासनिः 1 an epithet of Jayanta, son of Indra.

-2 of Vāli.

-3 of Arjuna.

-शास्त्रम् the science of cooking.

-शुक्ला chalk; पाकशुक्ला शिलाधातुः कडिनी करवटी खडी Śabdachandrikā.

-स्थानम् 1 a kitchen.

-2 a potter's kiln.

पाशः [पश्यते बध्यते$नेन, पश्-करणे घञ्]

1 A cord, chain, fetter, noose; पादाकृष्टव्रततिवलयासंगसंजातपाशः Ś.1.32; बाहुपाशेन व्यापादिता Mk.9; R.6.84.

-2 A snare, trap or net for catching birds and beasts.

-3 A noose used as a weapon (as by Varuṇa); किं चायमरिदुर्वारः पाणौ पाशः प्रचेतसः Ku.2.21.

-4 A die, dice; Malli. on R.6.18.

-5 The edge or border of anything woven.

-6 (With Jainas) The outer world, nature.

-7 (At the end of comp.) पाश expresses (a) contempt or depreciation; as in छात्रपाशः a bad pupil; वैयाकरण˚, भिषक्˚ &c.; (b) beauty or admiration; as in सैवोष्ठमुद्रा स च कर्णपाशः U.6.27; (c) abundance, mass, or quantity (after a word signifying 'hair'); as in केशपाश q. v.

-शी A rope, fetter; पाशीकल्पामायतामाचकर्ष Śi.18. 57.

-Comp. -अन्तः the back of a garment.

-क्रीडा gambling, playing with dice.

-जालम् the outer world (conceived as a net).

-धरः, -पाणिः an epithet of Varuṇa.

-बद्ध a. entrapped, caught in a snare or net, noosed.

-बन्धः a noose, snare, halter.

-बन्धकः a bird- catcher.

-बन्धनम् a snare.

-भृत् m.

1 an epithet of Varuṇa; R.2.9.

-2 one armed with a noose.

-रज्जुः f. a fetter, rope.

-हस्तः 'holding a noose in hand', an epithet of Varuṇa and of Yama.

प्रकरणम् 1 Treating, explaining, discussing.

-2 (a) A subject, topic, department, a subject (of represen- tation); कतमत् प्रकरणमाश्रित्य Ś.1. (b) A head or subject of treatment. (c) A province or department.

-3 A section, chapter or any smaller division of a work. तस्यायं प्रकरणाधिकरणसमुद्देशः Kau. A.1.1.1.

-4 An opportunity, occasion.

-5 An affair, a matter; अस्मिन्नेव प्रकरणे धनंजयमुदारधीः (उवाच) Mb.12.26.1.

-6 An introduction, prologue; वयमपि प्रकरणमारभामहे Pratijñā 1.

-7 Relation.

-8 Doing much or well.

-9 A species of drama with invented or fictitious plot; as the मृच्छकटिक, मालतीमाधव, पुष्पभूषित &c. The S. D. thus defines it:-- भवेत् प्रकरणे वृत्तं लौकिकं कविकल्पितं । शृङ्गारो$ङ्गी नायकस्तु विप्रो$मात्यो$थवा वणिक् । सापायधर्मकामार्थपरो धीर- प्रशान्तकः ॥ 511.

-1 Context. This is one of the six प्रमाणs helpful in properly construing a विनियोगविधि. These प्रमाणs and their relative strength is stated by जैमिनि in श्रुतिलिङ्गवाक्यप्रकरणस्थानसमाख्यानां पारदौर्बल्यमर्थविप्र- कर्षात् प्रकरणाच्च ज्योतिष्टोमेनैकवाक्यता स्यात् ŚB. on MS.1. 5.37.

-Comp. -समः a kind of sophism; an assertion by two opponents of some argument which has the same force.

प्रतिपद् 4 Ā.

1 To step or go towards, approach, resort or betake oneself to; उमामुखं तु प्रतिपद्य लोलाद् द्विसंश्रयां प्रीतिमवाप लक्ष्मीः Ku.1.43.

-2 To enter upon, step upon, take, follow (as a way &c.); इतः पन्थानं प्रतिपद्यस्व Ś.4; प्रतिपत्स्ये पदवीमहं तवं Ku.4.1.

-3 To arrive at, reach; attain; मरणमप्यपराः प्रतिपेदिरे Śi.6.16.

-4 To get, gain, obtain, share, partake; स हि तस्य न केवलां श्रियं प्रतिपेदे सकलान् गुणानपि R.8.5,13;4.1,41; 11.34;12.7;19.55; तदोत्तमविदां लोकानमलान् प्रतिपद्यते Bg. 14.14; Śi.1.63.

-5 To accept, take to; प्रतिपत्तुमङ्ग घटते च न तव नृपयोग्यमर्हणम् Śi.15.22;16.24.

-6 To re- cover, reobtain, regain, receive; प्रायः स्वं महिमानं क्षोभात् प्रतिपद्यते जन्तुः Ś.6.31; Ku.4.16;7.22.

-7 To admit, acknowledge; न मासे प्रतिपत्तासे मां चेन्मर्तासि मैथिलि Bk.8.95; Ś.5.23; प्रमदाः पतिवर्त्मगा इति प्रतिपन्नं हि विचेतनैरपि Ku.4.33.

-8 To hold, grasp, seize; सुमन्त्रप्रतिपन्नरश्मिभिः R.14.47;

-9 To consider, regard, deem, look upon; तद्धनुर्ग्रहणमेव राघवः प्रत्यपद्यत समर्थमुत्तरम् R.11.79.

-1 To undertake, promise to do, take in hand; निर्वाहः प्रतिपन्नवस्तुषु सतामेतद् हि गोत्रव्रतम् Mu.2.18; कार्यं त्वया नः प्रतिपन्नकल्पम् Ku.3.14; R.1.4.

-11 To assent or agree to, consent; तथेति प्रतिपन्नाय R.15.93.

-12 To do, perform, practise, observe; आचार प्रतिपद्यस्व Ś.4; V.2 'do the formal obeisance'; शासनमर्हतां प्रतिपद्यध्वम् Mu.4.18 'act up to or obey'.

-13 To act or behave towards, deal, do anything to any one (with gen. or loc.); स कालयवनश्चापि किं कृष्णे प्रत्यपद्यत Hariv.; स भवान् मातृपितृवदस्मासु प्रतिपद्यताम् Mb.; कथमहं प्रतिपत्स्ये Ś.5; न युक्तं भवतास्मासु प्रतिपत्तुमसांप्रतम् Mb.

-14 To give or return (as a reply); कथं प्रतिवचनमपि न प्रतिपद्यसे Mu.6; न जाने किं तातः प्रतिपत्स्यत इति Ś.4.

-15 To perceive, become aware of.

-16 To know, understand, become acquainted with, learn, discover.

-17 To roam, wander.

-18 To take place, occur.

-19 To restore.

-2 To permit, allow.

-21 To take place, happen.

-22 To go back, return. (-Caus.)

1 To give, present, bestow, confer upon, impart; अर्थिभ्यः प्रतिपाद्यमानमनिशं प्राप्नोति वृद्धिं पराम् Bh.2.16; Ms.11.4; गुणवते कन्या प्रतिपादनीया Ś.4.

-2 To substantiate, prove, establish by proof; उक्तमेवार्थ- मुदाहरणेन प्रतिपादयति.

-3 To explain, expound.

-4 To bring or lead back, convey or transport (to a place)

-5 To regard, consider.

-6 To assert, declare to be represent.

-7 To procure.

-8 To effect, accomplish.

-9 To communicate, teach.

-1 To appoint to, install (loc.)

-11 To prepare, get ready.

-12 To dispose off; एष हि न्यायो यदन्यत्र कृतार्थमन्यत्र प्रतिपाद्यते ŚB on MS.4.2.21

प्रतिपद् f.

1 Access, entrance, way.

-2 Beginning, commencement.

-3 Intelligence, intellect.

-4 The first day of a lunar fortnight.

-5 A kettle-drum.

-6 An introductory stanza.

-7 Rank.

-Comp. -चन्द्रः the new moon (the moon on the first day) particularly rever- ed and saluted by people; प्रतिपच्चन्द्रनिभो$यमात्मजः R.8. 65.

-तूर्यम् a kind of kettle-drum.

प्रमा 2 P., 3 Ā.

1 To measure; त्रीणि पदानि प्रमाय.

-2 To form, make, build.

-3 To prove, establish, demon- strate.

-4 To arrange, place in order.

-5 To know, understand, get a correct idea of; न परोपहितं न च स्वतः प्रमिमीते$नुभवादृते$ल्पधीः Śi.16.4; अशक्यो$यमर्थः प्रमातुम् H. 3.

-6 To conjecture. -Caus. To afford or give proof.

प्रमा 1 Consciousness, perception.

-2 (In logic) Correct notion or apprehension, true and certain knowledge, accurate conception; तद्वति तत्प्रकारको$नुभवः प्रमा यथा रजते इदं रजतमिति ज्ञानम् T. S; दोषो$प्रमाया जनकः प्रमायास्तु गुणो भवेत् । प्रत्यक्षे तु विशेष्येण विशेषेणवता समम् ॥ Bhāṣā P.

-3 Ved. Basis, foundation.

-4 A measure.

प्रमाणम् 1 A measure in general (of length, breadth &c.); न प्रमाणेन नोत्साहात् सत्त्वस्थो भव पाण्डव Mb.3.33.63. ('प्रमाणं नित्यमर्यादासंघवादिप्रमादिषु' Viśva.); Mb.1.222. 31; दृष्टो हि वृण्वन् कलभप्रमाणो$प्याशाः पुरोवातमवाप्य मेघः R.18. 38.

-2 Size, extent, magnitude.

-3 Scale, standard; पृथिव्यां स्वामिभक्तानां प्रमाणे परमे स्थितः Mu.2.21.

-4 Limit, quantity; वञ्चयित्वा तु राजानं न प्रमाणे$वतिष्ठसि Rām.2.37. 22.

-5 Testimony, evidence, proof.

-6 Authority, warrant; one who judges or decides, one whose word is an authority; श्रुत्वा देवः प्रमाणम् Pt.1 'having heard this your Majesty will decide (what to do)'; आर्यमिश्राः प्रमाणम् M.1; Mu.1.1; सतां हि संदेहपदेषु वस्तुषु प्रमाणमन्तः- करणप्रवृत्तयः Ś.1.22; व्याकरणे पाणिनिः प्रमाणम्; Ms.2.13; Pt.1.24; sometimes in pl.; वेदाः प्रमाणाः.

-7 A true or certain knowledge, accurate conception or notion.

-8 A mode of proof, a means of arriving at correct knowledge; (the Naiyāyikas recognize only four kinds; प्रत्यक्ष, अनुमान, उपमान and शब्द, the Vedāntins and Mīmāṁsakas add two more, अनुपलब्धि and अर्थापत्ति; while the Sāṅkhyas admit प्रत्यक्ष, अनुमान and शब्द only; cf. अमुभव also.).

-9 Principal, capital.

-1 Unity.

-11 Scrip- ture, sacred authority.

-12 Cause, reason.

-13 Rule, sanction, precept.

-14 The first term in a rule of three.

-15 An epithet of Viṣṇu.

-16 Freedom from apprehension.

-17 The prosodial lengh of a vowel.

-18 An eternal matter; L. D. B.

-19 (In music) A measure (such as द्रुत, मध्य, विलम्बित); Rām.1.4.8.

-2 The measure of a square.

-णः, -णी A rule, standard, authority.

-Comp. -अधिक a. more than ordinary, inordinate, excessive; श्वासः प्रमाणाधिकः Ś.1.29.

-अनुरूप a. corresponding to physical strength.

-अन्तरम् another mode of proof.

-अभावः absence of authority.

-कुशल, -प्रवीण a. skilful in arguing.

-कोटिः the point in an argument which is regarded as actual proof.

-ज्ञ a. knowing the modes of proof, (as a logician). (

-ज्ञः) an epithet of Śiva.

-दृष्ट a. sanctioned by authority.

-पत्रम् a written warrant.

-पथः the way of proof.

-पुरुषः an arbitrator, a judge, an umpire.

-वाधितार्थकः a kind of Tarka in Nyāyasāstra.

-भूत (˚णीभूत) a. authoritative. (

-तः) an epithet of Śiva.

-राशिः the quantity of the first term in a rule of three sums.

-वचनम्, -वाक्यम् an authoritative statement.

-शास्त्रम् 1 scripture.

-2 the science of logic.

-सूत्रम् a measuring cord.

-स्थ a.

1 of normal size.

-2 unperturbed.

प्राप्य प्राप्तव्य pot. p.

1 To be got or obtained.

-2 Attainable, procurable; destined to be got; प्राप्तव्यमर्थं लभते मनुष्यः Pt.2.11.

-3 To be reached, attainable.

-4 To be met with or found.

-5 Proper, fit, suitable.

-Comp. -कारिन् (प्राप्यकारिन्) a. effective (only) when touched.

-रूप (प्राप्यरूप) a. rather easy to attain.

मध्यम a. [मध्ये भवः म]

1 Being or standing in the middle, middle, central; पितुः पदं मध्यममुत्पतन्ती V.1.19; मध्यमोपलम् Ki.9.2; so मध्यमलोकपालः, मध्यमपदम्, मध्यमरेखा q. q. v. v.

-2 Intermediate, intervening; नाप्नोद्यो$यं मध्यमः प्राणस्तानि ज्ञातुं दध्रिरे Bṛi. Up.1.5.21.

-3 Middling condition or quality, mediocre; as in उत्तमाधममध्यम.

-4 Middling, moderate; तेन मध्यमशक्तीनि मित्राणि स्थापितान्यतः R.17.58.

-5 Middle-sized.

-6 Neither youngest nor oldest, the middleborn (as a brother); प्रणमति पितरौ वां मध्यमः पाण्डवो$यम् Ve.5.26; ततो$र्धं मध्यमस्य स्यात् तुरीयं तु यवीयसः Ms.9.112.

-7 Impartial, neutral.

-8 Mean (in astr.).

-9 Belonging to the meridian.

-मः 1 The fifth note in music.

-2 A particular musical mode.

-3 The mid-land country; see मध्यदेश.

-4 The second person (in grammar).

-5 A neutral sovereign; धर्मोत्तरं मध्यममाश्रयन्ते R.13.7.

-6 the middle-most prince; मध्यमस्य प्रचारं च विजिगीषोश्च चेष्टितम् Ms.7.155.

-7 the middle character in plays.

-8 The governor of a province.

-9 An epithet of Bhīma; (cf. मध्वमव्यायोग).

-मा 1 The middle finger.

-2 A marriageable girl, one arrived at the age of puberty.

-3 The pericarp of a lotus.

-4 One of the classes of heroines (Nāyikās) in poetic com- positions, a woman in the middle of her youth; cf. S. D. 1.

-5 A central blossom.

-मम् 1 The middle.

-2 The waist; तदैव यन्न दग्धस्त्वं धर्षयंस्तनुमध्यमाम् Rām.6.111.24.

-3 The defectiveness.

-4 (In astr.) The meridian ecliptic point.

-Comp. -अङ्गुलिः the middle finger.

-आगमः one of the four Āgamas; Buddh.

-आहरणम् (in alg.) elimination of the middle term in an equation.

-उत्खातः a particular division of time.

-उपलः = मध्यमणिः q. v.; मध्यमोपलनिभे लसदंशौ Ki.9.2.

-कक्षा the middle court- yard.

-खण्डम् the middle term of an equation.

-गतिः (in astr.) the mean motion of a planet.

-ग्रामः (in music) the middle scale.

-जात a. middle-born.

-पदम् the middle member (of a compound). ˚लेपिन् m. a subdivision of the Tatpuruṣa compound in which the middle word is omitted in composition; the usual instance given is शाकपार्थिवः which is dissolved as शाकप्रियः पार्थिवः; here the middle word प्रिय is omitted; so छायातरु, गुडधानाः &c.

-पाण्डवः an epithet of Arjuna.

-पुरुषः the second person (in grammar).

-पूरुषः a mediocre person.

-भृतकः a husbandman or cultivator (who works both for himself and his master or landlord).

-यानम् the middle way to salvation.

-रात्रः midnight.

-राष्ट्रकम् a variety of diamonds; Kau. A.2.11.29.

-रेखा the central meridian of the earth.

-लोकः the middle world, the earth. ˚पालः a king; तां...... अन्वग्ययौ मध्यमलोकपालः R.2.16.

-वयस् n. middle age.

-वयस्क a. middle-aged.

-संग्रहः intrigue of a middling character, such as sending presents of flowers &c. to another's wife; it is thus defined by Vyāsa:-- प्रेषणं गन्धमाल्यानां धूपभूषणवाससाम् । प्रलोभनं चान्नपानैर्मध्यमः संग्रहः स्मृतः ॥

-साहसः the second of the three penalties or modes of punishment; see Ms.8. 138. (

-सः, -सम्) an outrage or offence of the middle class.

-स्थ a. being in the middle.

मर्मन् n. [मृ-मनिन्]

1 (a) A vital part of the body, the vitals, weak or tender point of the body); तथैव तीव्रो हृदि शोकशङ्कुर्मर्माणि कृन्तन्नपि किं न सोढः U.3.35; Y. 1.153; Bk.16; स्वहृदयमर्मणि वर्म करोति Gīt.4. (b) Any vital member or organ.

-2 Any weak or vulnerable point, a defect, failing; ते$न्योन्यमभिसंसृत्य क्षिपन्तो मर्मभिर्मिथः Bhāg.8.1.27.

-3 The core, quick.

-4 Any joint (of a limb).

-5 The secret or hidden meaning, the pith or essence (of anything); काव्यमर्मप्रकाशिका टीका; नत्वा गङ्गाधरं मर्मप्रकाशं तनुते गुरुम्--नागेशभट्ट.

-6 A secret, a mystery.

-7 Truth.

-Comp. -अतिग a. piercing deeply into the vital parts; तथा मर्मातिगैर्भीष्मो निजघान महारथान् Mb. 6.9.85; मर्मातिगैरनृजुभिर्नितरामशुद्धैर्वाक्सायकैरथ तुतोद तदा विपक्षः Śi.2.77.

-अन्वेषणम् 1 probing the vital parts.

-2 seeking weak or vulnerable points.

-आवरणम् an ar- mour, a coat of mail.

-आविध्, -उपघातिन् a. piercing the vitals (of the heart); अपि मर्माविधो वाचः सत्यं रोमाञ्च- यन्ति माम् Mv.3.1; चिरं क्लिशित्वा मर्माविध् (v. l. मर्माविद्) रामो विलुभितप्लवम् Bk.5.52.

-कीलः a husband.

-ग a. piercing to the quick, very acute, poignant.

-घातः wounding the vitals.

-घ्न a. piercing the vitals, exces- sively painful.

-चरम् the heart.

-छिद्, -भिद् (so

-छेदिन्, -भेदिन्) a.

1 piercing the vitals, cutting to the quick, excessively painful; प्रहरति विधिर्मर्मच्छेदी न कृन्तति जीवितम् U.3.31; Māl.9.12.

-2 wounding mor- tally, mortal.

-जम् blood.

-ज्ञ a.,

-विद् a.

1 knowing the weak or vulnerable points of another; Pt.1.248.

-2 knowing the most secret portions of a subject.

-3 knowing secrets or mysteries.

-4 having a deep insight into anything, exceedingly acute or clever. (

-ज्ञः) any acute or learned man; ते ह्यस्य मर्मज्ञभयात् नापराध्यन्ति Kau. A.1.8.

-ज्ञानम् knowledge of a secret.

-त्रम् a coat of mail.

-पारग a. ahaving a deep insight into, thoroughly conversant with, one who has entered into the secret recesses of anything.

-पीडा pain in the inmost soul.

-भेदः 1 piercing the vitals.

-2 disclosing the secrets or vulnerable points of another.

-भेदनः, -भेदिन् m. an arrow.

-विद् see मर्मज्ञ.

-संधिः m. (pl.) joints and articulations.

-स्थलम्, -स्थानम् 1 a sensitive or vital part.

-2 a weak or vul- nerable point.

-स्पृश् a.

1 piercing the vitals, stinging to the quick; त एते हृदयमर्मस्पृशः संसारभावाः U.

-2 very cutting, poignant, sharp or stinging (words &c.).

मूढ p. p. [मुह्-क्त]

1 Stupefied, infatuated; मूढाः शोणितगन्धेन निपेतुर्धरणीतले Rām.6.52.15; प्रत्यासन्नविपत्तिमूढ- मनसां प्रायो मतिः क्षीयते Pt.2.4.

-2 Perplexed, bewildered, confounded, at a loss; किंकर्तव्यतामूढः 'being at a loss what to do'; so ह्रीमूढ Me.7.

-3 Foolish, silly, dull, stupid, ignorant; अल्पस्य हेतोर्बहु हातुमिच्छन् विचारमूढः प्रतिभासि मे त्वम् R.2.47.

-4 Mistaken, erring, deceived, gone astray.

-5 Abortive.

-6 Confounding.

-ढः A fool, blockhead, dolt, an ignorant person; मूढः परप्रत्ययनेयबुद्धिः M.1.2.

-ढाः (m. pl.) An epithet of the elements in the Sāṅkhya philosophy.

-ढम् confusion of mind.

-Comp. -आत्मन् a.

1 stupefied in mind.

-2 foolish, stupid, silly.

-गर्भः 1 a dead foetus.

-2 difficult deli- very.

-ग्राहः 1 a wrong notion, misconception, misappre- hension. मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत् पीडया क्रियते तपः Bg.17.19.

-2 infatuation.

-चेतन, -चेतस् a. foolish, silly, ignorant; अवगच्छति मूढचेतनः प्रियनाशं हृदि शल्यमर्पितम् R.8. 88.

-धी, -बुद्धि, -मति a. foolish, stupid, silly, simple; व्रजन्ति ते मूढधियः पराभवम् Ki.1.3.

-प्रभुः, -श्रेष्ठः the greatest block-head.

-वात a. caught in a storm; महार्णवे नौरिव मूढवाता Rām.5.28.8.

-सत्त्व a. infatuated, insane.

रजस् n. [रञ्ज्-असुन् नलोपः Uṇ.4.224]

1 Dust, pow- der, dirt; धन्यास्तदङ्गरजसा मलिनीभवन्ति Ś.7.17; आत्मोद्धतैरपि रजोभिरलङ्घनीयाः 1.8; R.1.42;6.33.

-2 The dust or pollen of flowers; भूयाद् कुशेशयरजोमृदुरेणुरस्याः (पन्थाः) Ś. 4.11; Me.35,67; Śi.7.42.

-3 A mote in a sun-beam, any small particle (of matter); cf. Ms.8.132; जाल- सूर्यमरीचिस्थं त्रसरेणू रजः स्मृतम् Y.1.362.

-4 A ploughed or cultivated land, arable field.

-5 Gloom, darkness.

-6 Foulness, passion, emotion, moral or mental darkness; अपथे पदमर्पयन्ति हि श्रुतवन्तो$पि रजोनिमीलिताः R.9. 74.

-7 The second of the three Guṇas or constituent qualities of all material substances (the other two being सत्त्व and तमस्; रजस् is supposed to be the cause of the great activity seen in creatures; it predominates in men, as Sattva and Tamas predominate in gods and demons); अन्तर्गतमपास्तं मे रजसो$पि परं तमः Ku.6.6; Bg.6. 27; रजोजुषे जन्मनि K.; Māl.1.2.

-8 Menstrual discharge, menses; रजसाभिप्लुतां नारी नरस्य ह्युपगच्छतः । प्रज्ञा तेजो बलं चक्षुरायुश्चैव प्रहीयते ॥ Ms.4.41;5.66.

-9 Safflower.

-1 Tin.

-11 Ved. Air, atmosphere.

-12 A division of the world.

-13 Vapour.

-14 Cloud or rain-water.

-15 Sin (पाप); प्रायश्चित्तं च कुर्वन्ति तेन तच्छाम्यते रजः Rām.4. 18.34.

-Comp. -गुणः see (7) above.

-जुष् a. one who is addicted to Rajoguṇa; रजोषुजे जन्मनि सत्त्ववृत्तये K.

-तमस्क a. being under the influenec of both rajas and tamas.

-तोकः, -कम्, -पुत्रः 1 greediness, avarice; मुनये प्रेषयामास रजस्तोकमदौ तथा Bhāg.12.8.16.

-2 'the child of passion', a term applied to a person to show that he is quite insignificant.

-दर्शनम् the first ap- pearance of the menstrual excretion, first menstrual flow.

-निमीलित a. blinded by passion; अपथे पदमपयन्ति हि श्रुतवन्तो$पि रजोनिमीलिताः R.9.74.

-पटलम् a coating of dust.

-बन्धः suppression of menstruation.

-मूर्तिः the god Brahmā.

-मेघः a cloud of dust.

-रसः, -व(ब)- लम् darkness.

-शयः a dog; L. D. B.

-शुद्धिः f. pure condition of the menses.

-सारथिः wind; L. D. B.

-हरः 'dirt-remover', a washerman.

वैरङ्गिकः [विरङ्गं विरागं नित्यमर्हति ठक्] One who has subdued all his passions and desires, and ascetic.

वैशिष्ट्यम् 1 Distinction, difference.

-2 Peculiarity, speciality, particularity; वैशिष्ट्यादन्यमर्थं या बोधयेत् सार्थसंभवा S. D.27.

-3 Excellence; S. D.78.

-4 Possession or endowment with some characteristic attribute.

व्यवस्थित p. p.

1 Placed in order, adjusted, arranged.

-2 Settled, fixed; किं व्यवस्थितविषयाः क्षात्रधर्माः U.5.

-3 Decided, determined, declared by law; धर्म एव परः कामादर्थाच्चेति (नराः) व्यवस्थिताः Mb.1.1.5.

-4 Stood aside, separated.

-5 Extracted.

-6 Based on, resting on.

-Comp. -आर्यमर्याद a. adhering to the customs of the Āryas; Kau. A.1.3.

-विकल्पः, -विभाषा a fixed option; व्यवस्थितविभाषया साधुः.

शल्यम् [शल्-यत्]

1 A spear, javelin, dart.

-2 An arrow, a shaft; शल्यं निखातमुदहारयतामुरस्तः R.9.78; शल्यप्रोतम् 9.75; अवगच्छति मूढचेतनः प्रयनाशं हृदि शल्यमर्पितम् R.8.88; Ś.6.8; V.2.1.

-3 A thorn, splinter.

-4 A pin, peg, stake (said to be m. also in these four senses).

-5 Any extraneous substance lodged in the body and giving it very great pain; आलातशल्यम् U.3. 35; अपनीताशेषशल्यः Dk.

-6 (Fig.) Any cause of poig- nant or heart-rending grief; उद्धृतविषादशल्यः कथयिष्यामि Ś.7.

-7 A bone.

-8 Difficulty, distress.

-9 Sin, crime.

-1 Poison.

-11 Abuse, defamation.

-12 Aegle Mar- melos (बिल्व).

-ल्यः 1 A porcupine, hedge-hog; Bhāg. 8.2.22.

-2 The thorny shrub.

-3 Extraction of splinters.

-4 A fence, boundary.

-5 The Bilva and Madana trees.

-6 A kind of fish.

-7 N. of a king of Madra and brother of Mādrī, the second wife of Pāṇḍu, and thus maternal uncle of Nakula and Saha- deva. (In the great war he at first intended to fight on the side of the Pāṇdavas, but he was artfully won over by Duryodhana and subsequently fought in his behalf. He acted as charioteer to Karṇa when he was generalissimo of the Kaurava forces, and after his death was appointed commander. He maintained the field for one day, but was at last slain by Yudhi- ṣṭhira).

-ल्या A kind of dance (mentioned with लास्य and चलित).

-Comp. -अरिः an epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira.

-आहरणम्, -उद्धरणम्, -उद्धारः, -क्रिया, -शास्त्रम् extraction of thorns or splinters, or that part of sur- gery which relates to the extraction of extraneous matter from the body.

-कण्ठः a porcupine.

-कर्त्तृ a surgeon.

-क्रिया the extraction of thorns or other extraneous substances lodged in the body.

-पर्वन् N. of the 9th book of the Mahābhārata.

-प्रोत a. pierced by an arrow.

-लोमन् n. the quill of a porcupine.

-हर्तृ m.

1 a weeder.

-2 a surgeon.