μυρμήκων

Μύρμηξ

ant: masc gen pl

μύρμηξ

ant: masc gen pl

τρῡπ-ημα, ατος, τό,

A that which is bored, a hole, Eup.354; in the ψῆφος, Arist.Ath.69.1; τ. νεώς, i. e. one of the holes through which the oars worked, Ar. Pax 1234; in the flute, Archyt. 1, Plu.2.389d; in a gate-fastening, the hole for the βάλανος, Aen. Tact. 18.3; ῥαφίδος (cf. τρυμαλιά) Ev.Matt.19.24;

μυρμήκων AP11.78

(Lucill.); sens. obsc., Ar.Ec. 624, Hermog. Id.2.3, Procop.Arc.9.

χρῖ· χρίει, Hsch. [full] χρία· μυρμήκων κοίτη, Id.

ἀγορά [pron. full] [ᾰγ], ᾶς, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἀγορή, ῆς, ἡ, ([etym.] ἀγείρω):—

A assembly, esp. of the People, opp. the Council of Chiefs, Il.2.93, Od.2.69, etc.; τοῖσιν δ' οὔτ' ἀγοραὶ βουληφόροι (sc. Κυκλώπεσσι) Od.9.112;

ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων ἀ γένετ' οὐδέ τις ἔτλη ἕζεσθαι Il.18.246

; ἀ. Πυλάτιδες, of the Amphictyonic Council at Pylae, S.Tr. 638, cf. Ion Eleg.1.3;

μακάρων ἀ. Pi.I. 8(7).29

, cf. AB210; ἀγορήνδε καλέσσασθαι, κηρύσσειν, Il.1.54, 2.51; ἀγορὴν ποιήσασθαι, θέσθαι, Il.8.489, Od.9.171; εἰς ἀ. ἰέναι, ἀγέρεσθαι, 8.12, Il.18.245;

ἀγορήνδε καθέζεσθαι Od.1.372

.—Not common in Prose,

ἀγορὰν συνάγειν, συλλέγειν X.An.5.7.3

;

ποιῆσαι Aeschin.3.27

;

ἀγορὰς ποιεῖσθαι Hyp.Fr. 150

: of the assembly in Attic demes, D.44.36, IG2.585, al.;

ἀ. συνέδριον φυλετῶν καὶ δημοτῶν AB327

: in late Prose, ἀ. δικῶν προθεῖναι, καταστήσασθαι, = Lat. conventus agere, Luc.Bis Acc. 4,12: meeting for games, Pi.N.3.14: metaph.,

μυρμήκων ἀ. Luc. Icar.19

: prov., θεῶν ἀ. 'Babel', Suid., etc.

II place of assembly,

τοὺς δ' εὗρ' εἰν ἀγορῇ Il.7.382

;

ἵνα σφ' ἀ. τε θέμις τε 11.807

, cf.Od.6.266; pl., Od.8.16;

οὔτε.. εἰς ἀ. ἔρχεται οὔτε δίκας Thgn. 268

.

2 market-place, perh. not earlier than Hom.Epigr. 14.5 πολλὰ μὲν εἰν ἀγορῇ πωλεύμενα, πολλὰ δ' ἀγυιαῖς; freq. in later authors,

πρυμνοῖς ἀγορᾶς ἔπι Pi.P.5.93

;

θεοὶ.. ἀγορᾶς ἐπίσκοποι A.Th. 272

;

μέση Τραχινίων ἀ. S.Tr. 424

;

ἀγορᾷ οὐδὲ ἄστει δέχεσθαι Th.6.44

;

ὀλιγάκις.. ἀγορᾶς χραίνων κύκλον E.Or. 919

; οἱ ἐκ τῆς ἀ. market people, X.An.1.2.18;

ἐξ ἀγορᾶς εἶ Ar.Eq. 181

, etc.; εἰς ἀ. ἐμβάλλειν to go into the forum, i. e. be a citizen, Lycurg.5; ἐν τῇ ἀ. ἐργάζεσθαι to trade in the market, D.57.31; εἰς τὴν ἀ. χειροτονεῖν (opp. ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον ) 'for the market', Id.4.26; the Roman Forum, D.H.5.48.

III business of the ἀγορά:

1 public speaking, gift of speaking, mostly in pl., ἔσχ' ἀγοράων withheld him from speaking, Il.2.275; οἱ δ' ἀγορὰς ἀγόρευον ib. 788, cf. Od.4.818;

ᾠδὴν ἀντ' ἀγορῆς θέμενος Sol.1

.

2 market,

ἀγορὰν παρασκευάζειν Th.7.40

, X. HG3.4.11;

ἀ. παρέχειν Th.6.44

, etc.;

ἄγειν X.An.5.7.33

, etc.; opp. ἀγορᾷ χρῆσθαι to have supplies, ib.7.6.24;

τῆς ἀ. εἴργεσθαι Th.1.67

, Plu.Per.29; ἀ. ἐλευθέρα, i. e. καθαρὰ τῶν ὠνίων πάντων, Arist.Pol. 1331a31, cf. X.Cyr.1.2.3; opp.

ἀ. ἀναγκαία Arist.Pol. 1331b11

; generally, provisions, supplies, PPetr.3p.131 (iii B. C.), PS14.354 (iii B. C.), al.; in pl., Nic.Dam.p.6.17 D.; ἀγορὰς περικόπτειν cut off supplies, D.H.10.43.

b market, sale, ἀ. τῶν βιβλίων, τῶν παρθένων, Luc. Ind.19, Ael.VH4.1, cf. Nicoch.7.

IV as a mark of time, ἀ. πλήθουσα the forenoon, when the market-place was full,

ἀγορῆς πληθυούσης Hdt.4.181

;

πληθούσης ἀγορᾶς X.Mem.1.1.10

, cf. SIG695.38 (Magn. Mae.); περὶ or

ἀμφὶ ἀ. πλήθουσαν X.An.2.1.7

, 1.8.1;

ἐν ἀ. πληθούσῃ Pl.Grg. 469d

, cf. Th.8.92; also

ἀγορῆς πληθώρη Hdt.2.173

, 7.223; poet.,

ἐν ἀ. πλήθοντος ὄχλου Pi.P.4.85

;

πρὶν ἀ. πεπληθέναι Pherecr.29

: ἀγορῆς διάλυσις the time just after mid-day, when they went home from market, Hdt.3.104, cf.X.Oec.12.1.

V marketday, = Lat. nundinae, D.H.7.58.

ἀχθο-φορία, ἡ,

A bearing of burdens,

βαρῶν Plu.2.1130d

(pl.), cf. Luc.Asin.19;

μυρμήκων M.Ant.7.3

; any heavy pressure, Hp.Art.63.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `ant'; metaph. `submarine rocks' (IA, Lyc.), also as PN (Hdt.), on the meaning cf. μυρμηκία; `gantlet with metal studs' (Poll.).

Other forms: Dor. (Theoc.) μύρμᾱξ, ᾱκος. Also μύρμος (Lyc.), βύρμαξ βόρμαξ, ὅρμικας H.

Compounds: Rare compp., e.g. μυρμηκο-λέων (LXX), λεοντο-μύρμηξ (Hdn. Gr.) name of a fabulous animal; cf. Risch IF 59, 256.

Derivatives: 1. μυρμηκ-ιά f. `ant-hill' (Arist., Thphr.), metaph. `crowd' ( Com. Adesp., H.), `triller, arpeggio' (Pherecr.). -- 2. μυρμηκ-ία `wart under the skin, irritation caused by it (Hp., Ph.) with μυρμηκιάω `be afflicted with warts' (LXX.), from which - ίασις (medic.). On 1. a. 2. s. Scheller Oxytonierung 41 f. -- 3. μυρμήκ-(ε)ιον n. name of an ant-like spider (Nic., Plin.). -- 4. μυρμηκ-ίας λίθος `stone with ant- or wart-like lumps on it' (Plin.), μύρμηξ χρυσός `gold dug out by μύρμηκες' (Hld.). -- 5. - ῖτις ( λίθος) `id.' (Plin.). -- 6. μυρμηκ-ώδης `ant-like' (Plu.), - ώεις `full of warts' (Marc. Sid.; metr. lengthened from - όεις, cf. Schwyzer 527). -- 7. μυρμηκ-ίζω as medic. expression `feel as though ants were running under the finger', of the pulse, `itch' (medic.). -- On itself stands μυρ-μηδών ξυνοικία τῶν μυρμήκων, μυρμηδόνες οἱ μύρμηκες ὑπὸ Δωριέων H., transformation of μύρμηξ resp. derivation from μύρμος (s. above) after τενθρηδών and other insectnames; cf. also σφηκών and other place-indications in - ών; old variation k: d assumes Specht Ursprung 205 a. 230 [impossible].

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [749] *moru̯i- `ant'

Etymology: For the formation cf. σκώληξ, σφήξ a.o. (Schwyzer 497, Chantraine Form. 380 f.); a velar suffix, prob. without genetic connection with μύρμηξ, is also seen in Lat. formīca `ant' and Skt. valmīka- m. n. `ant-hill'. -- The basis is seen in different forms in many IE languages, mostly with anlaut. m and in-(aus)laut. -u̯-, also with inlaut. -r-: IE *moru̯-ī ̆ in Av. maoiri-, Celt., e.g. OIr. moirb, Slav., e.g. ORuss. morovij; IE * mour-, * meur- in Germ., e.g. OWNo. maurr -n. (PGm. * maura-), OSwed. myra f. (PGm. * meuriōn-). Besides with anlaut. u̯- and inlaut. -m-: Skt. vamrá- m. (cf. valmīka above), thus βόρμαξ, βύρμαξ with β- for Ϝ-; in ὅρμικας a Ϝ- may have been lost. On itself stand Lat. formīca, whose f- however may go back through dissimilation to m- (cf. on μορμώ) and which would then be close to μύρμηξ. -- Further details on this old and popular word with diff. hypotheses on its development in WP. 2, 306f., Pok. 749. W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. formīca, Vasmer s. muravéj; also Fraenkel s. marvà, which however because of its deviant meaning ('horse-fly') must be kept apart.

Page in Frisk: 2,272-273