κύκλ-ιος

κύκλ-ιος, α, ον (ος, ον Eup.5 D.), ([etym.] κύκλος)

A round, circular,

ἀσπίς Archestr.Fr.13.3

; ὕδωρ κύκλιον, of the Delian lake (cf. τροχοειδής), E.IT 1104 (lyr.).

II κύκλιος χορός, ὁ, ci cular or cyclic chorus, prop. of any which were danced in a ring round an altar, chiefly used of dithyrambic choruses, opp. those which were arranged in a square (

τετράγωνοι Timae.44

), Ar.Nu. 333, Ra. 366, Fr.149.10, X.Oec. 8.20, Aeschin.3.232, etc.;

ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι τῶν κ. χορῶν Schwyzer 91.26

(Argos, iii B.C.); τῶν κ. (without χορῶν) Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1913.7 (Nisyros, iii B.C.), cf. Inscr.Cos13.4;

ἐν τοῖς κ. ἀγῶσιν OGI213.38

(Didyma, iv/ iii B.C.); invented by Arion, Arist.Fr. 677: hence

κύκλιον ὠρχήσαντο Call.Del. 313

;

εἱλισσόμεναι κύκλια E.IA 1055

(lyr.).

2 κ. μέλη dithyrambs, Ar.Av. 918; κύκλιος ἀναβολή Eup.l.c.

3 = κυκλικός 11, AP11.130 (Poll.).

4 = χορίαμβος, Sch.Heph.p.303 C.

III name of month at Epidaurus, IG42(1).115.23 (iv/iii B.C.), al.

IV κυκλίῳ, = κύκλῳ, c.gen. (cf.

κύκλος 1

), BGU938.4 (iv A.D.).

Grammatical information: m., pl. also τὰ κύκλα (prop. collektiv.; Schwyzer 581, Schw.-Debrunner 37)

Meaning: `circle, ring, wheel', also metaph. of circle-formed objects, e.g. `circular' place, wall round the city' (Il.).

Compounds: Many compp., e.g. κυκλο-τερής `made round, round' (Il.; cf. on τείρω), εὔ-κυκλος `forming a beautiful circle' (Il.); also in hypostases, e.g. ἐγ-κύκλ-ιος `going around in a circle, general' (Att. hell.; on the meaning Koller Glotta 34, 174ff.); on Κύκλ-ωψ s. v.

Derivatives: A. Substant.: 1. diminutiva κυκλ-ίσκος (medic., Ptol.), - ίσκιον (Dsc.). 2. - ίστρια f. `cyclic danceress' (Att. inscr.; after κιθαρίστρια a. o.). 3. κυκλά-μινος f., m. plant-name, `Cyclamen graecum, Lonicera periclymenum' (Thphr., Dsc.), also - αμίς (Orph.), after the circular root-knoll (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 36; formation after σησάμινος a. o.). 4. Κυκλειών, - ῶνος m. month-name (Keos, IV^a; after the feast τὰ Κύκλ(ε)ια). 5. Κυκλεύς PN (Ael. ; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 130). -- B. Adject. 1. κυκλάς f. `forming a circle', also Κυκλάδες pl. as GN `circle-islands' (IA.), Lat. LW [loanword] cyclas name of a circular cloth; κυκλιάς f. adjunct of τυρός (AP). - 2. κύκλ-ιος `circular' (Att.). 3. - ικός `circular, belonging to a circle' (Arist.), 4. - όεις (S. in lyr., AP), 5. - ώδης (Hp.) `id.'; 6. κυκλ-ιαῖος `turning in a circle' (Att. inscr.), 7. - ιακός, τὰ κυκλιακά title of a treatise on the circle (late); 8. κυκλατός `shod' of horses (pap. VI<sup>p</sup>). -- C. Verbs. 1. κυκλέω `turn in a circle, curround' (H 332) with κύκλησις `revolution' (Pl.). 2. κυκλόω `make circular, bend round, surround' (IA.) with - ωμα `rounding, round object, wheel etc.' (E.; cf. Chantraine Formation 184), - ωσις `surrounding' (Th., X.). 3. κυκλεύω `surround, go in a circle', e.g. a water-wheel, `irrigate' (Hp., Str., pap.) with κύκλ-ευμα `water-wheel', - ευτήριον `id.', - ευτής `watcher of a water-wheel' (pap. 4. κυκλίζω `turn around' (Agatharch.) with - ισμός (Arist.-comm.). 5. κυκλάζει κύκλῳ περιέρχεται. 6. κυκλαίνει στρογγυλοῖ H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [639] * kʷe-kʷl-o- `circle'

Etymology: Old name of the wheel, preserved in ceveral languages: Skt. cakrá- m. n., Av. čaxra- m., Germ., e.g. OE hwēol n. ( hweowol, hweogol) \> NEngl. wheel, IE * kʷe-kʷl-o- (with intensive reduplication); besides with u-coloured weakening of the reduplicating vowel (because of the labiovelar, Schwyzer 296 a. 423) κύκλος and Toch. A kukāl (B kokale) `wagon'; further the in detail unclear Phryg. κίκλην την ἄρκτον τὸ ἄστρον H., prop. `wagon' (cf. Porzig Gliederung 183; not better Scherer Gestirnnamen 139). An also very old, unreduplicated and full grade formation is represented by OWNo. huĕl (beside hjōl = OE. hwēol), OPr. kelan, IE. *kʷélo-m n. (as ἔργον); with ο-vowel (from the collektive plural kola?; Lidén GHÅ 39: 2, 47 n. 1) OCS kolo, gen. - ese `wheel, wagon'. - At the basis is the verb `turn', s. πέλομαι. Given the further general meaning `wheel' (\> `wagon') one may ask whether κύκλος in the meaning `circle' as apposed to `wheel' is not secondary. An original meaning `turning, turner' is supposed in the Baltic word for `neck; Gm. Hals', e.g. Lith. kãklas (s. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); but the word is not only semantically, but also formally deviant (IE. * kʷo-kʷl-o- ?) from the wheel-meaning.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `the Cyclops' (= Πολύφημος, Od.), pl. `the Cyclopes', mythical one-eyed people of giants (Od.).

Derivatives: Κυκλώπ(ε)ιος "cyclopean" = `built by the Cyclopes etc.' (Pi., Trag.), f. - πίς (E.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Since Hes. Th. 144 explained as "the Round-eyed" (vgl. Sommer Nominalkomp. 1 n. 2 and Schwyzer 426 n. 4), in reality not quite satisfactory. Daring hypothesis of Thieme KZ 69, 177 f.: from *Πκύ-κλωψ, prop. "cattle-thieve", with zero grade of *πεκυ-'cattle' (known fron Indo-Iranian); the stress from the vocative. - Lat. LW [loanword] Cocles "the one-eyed" (through Etruscan); s. W.-Hofmann s.v., and Leumann Glotta 29, 171f. R. Schmidt, Dicht. u. Dichtersprache 168 from *κυκλ-κλωπ- `thief of the sun (= wheel)'; rejected by Risch, Glotta 41 (1969) 323. Prob. a Pre-greek name.

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