κρή-ϊον

κρή-ϊον, τό, [dialect] Ion. for κρεῖον, kind of

A bride-cake, Philet. ap. Ath.14.645d: pl., = ζῴδια (i.e. cakes in shape of animals), Hsch.

II v. κρεῖον 1.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `head' (trag., Cratin., Eup.),

Other forms: κάρη (ep.)

Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-ra-a-pi instr. pl. \/karāatphi\/

Derivatives: As 1. member in καρᾱ-τομέω `behead' (E., J.) with καράτομος `beheaded' (S., E.), seeming basis καρατόμος `beheading' (Lyc.), cf. on δειροτομέω s. δέρη; καρηβαρέω (- άω) `feel heavy in the head, be sleepy, have headache' with καρηβαρία, - ίη etc. (Hp., Arist.); from there Lat. caribaria \> Fr. charivari, W.-Hofmann 1, 854; on καραδοκέω s. v. Cf. κράσπεδον, κρησφύγετον, κρήδεμνον. - Other forms: A. recent analogical formations to κάρᾱ, κάρη: dat. τῳ̃ κάρᾳ (A., S.), κάρῃ (Thgn.); κάρης, - ην (Call., Nic.), κάρᾱν (Anacreont.). B. Older disyll. forms: ep. καρή-ατος, - ατι, pl. - ατα; also κάρη-τος, - τι; to καρήατα new nom. sg. κάρηαρ (Antim.). C. monosyll. forms: κρά̄-ατος, - ατι, pl. - ατα; usual. (also trag.) κρᾱτός, - τί, pl. κρᾶ-τα (Pi. Fr. 8); further isolated forms: κράτεσφι (Κ 156; prob. sg.), κρά̄των (χ 309), κρᾱσίν (Κ 152), κρᾶτας (E.); κρᾶτα as acc. sg. (θ 92, trag.), as nom. sg. (S. Ph. 1457); new nom. sg. κράς (Simm. 4). D. κάρᾰ (antevoc.) as nom. pl. (h. Cer. 12), κάρᾱ pl.? (Sannyr. 3). On κάρηνα s. v.; and s. below.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱrh₂-(e)s-n- `head'

Etymology: From the oblique forms of the Skt. word for `head', e. g. gen. sg. śīrṣṇ-ás with the adverbial ablativ śīrṣa-tás (a \< n̥), which represent a with n enlarged monosyll. zero grade (śīrṣ-n- \< *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-) from the disyll. nom.-acc. śíras- (Av. sarah-, \< *ḱr̥h₂-os), it appears that κρά̄ατος represents an original *κρά̄σα-τος \< (ḱr̥h₂s-n̥tos); through contraction this gave κρᾱτός (acc. to Zenodot. κρητός). The antevocalic form κρᾱσν- lives on in κρᾱν-ίον (s. v.). The explanation of the Greek disyll. forms has to start from plur. κάρηνα \< *καρασν-α (\< *ḱrh₂-es-n-), to which the singular forms καρήατος, - ατι were made from *καρασα-τος, - τι (with metr. lengthening and η for ᾱ after κάρηνα), if not innovated to κάρη. This form may go back to an analogical *κάρασ-α (like ὄνομα); to κάρη were made κάρη-τος, - τι. - Beside these old σ-stem there are isolated σ-less forms: ἐπὶ κάρ `on its head', ἔγ-καρ-ος, ἴγκρος ἐγκέφαλος and κατὰ ( ἀπὸ) κρῆ-θεν `from the head down' (Hom., Hes.), κρή-δεμνον `head-band'. The explanation is discussed: κατὰ κρῆθεν (from where ἀπὸ κρῆθεν) may stand for κατ' ἄκρηθεν (s. esp. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff., but this seems unncessary); ἔγκαρος has been taken as learned innovation to κάρη after κεφαλή: ἐγκέφαλος; on κρήδεμνον s. s. v. An σ-less κάρ is supported by Arm. sar `hight, top' (idg. *ḱr̥h₂r-o-). Very extensive treatment by A.J. Nussbaum, Head and Horn 1986 (rev. Beekes, Kratylos 34 (989)55-59). - S. Schwyzer 583 (diff. on κάρη; Pok. 574f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 230f., 242, Leumann Hom. Wörter 159, Egli Heteroklisie 31f., 87ff. - Cf. further 1. καρόω, καρώ, καρωτόν; κέρας, κράνος, κριός.

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Grammatical information: n. pl.

Meaning: `bed' (Il.).

Other forms: (rarely sg. - ιον)

Derivatives: None.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: If δέμνια indicates originally the connecting elements, one considers κρή-δεμνον `head-band' (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. d. kelt. Spr. 1, 167); δέμνια could then be a ιο-derivation of an n-stem *δέμα (s. δέω `bind'). - Also δέμω `build' has beem addused (Meister BB 11, 176).

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `honey' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. meri.

Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μελί-κρᾱ-τον, Ion. - κρη-τον "honey-mix", `sacrifice of milk and honey' (Od.), compound with κεράν-νυμι (s. v.); also μελιτο-, e.g. μελιτο-πώλης m. `honey-trader' (Ar.); as 2. member a. o. in οἰνό-μελι `drink from wine and honey' (Plb.; cf. Risch IF 59, 58); on ἀπό-μελι s. v.

Derivatives: A. Several adj.: μελιτόεις `honeysweet' (Pi.), f. μελιτόεσσα (sc. μᾶζα), Att. μελιτοῦττα `honey-cake' (Hdt., Ar.; Schwyzer 528, Chantraine Form. 272), μελιτ-ηρός `belonging to honey, honey-like' (Ar.. Thphr.), - ινος `made from h.' (pap.), - ώδης `honey-like' (Thphr.). Prob. also μελι-χρός `honey-sweet' (Alc., Anacr., Hp., Telecl., Theoc.), cf. πενι-χρός βδελυ-χ-ρός and Chantraine Form. 225 f., Hamm Grammatik 77 w. n. 118. Acc. to Sommer Nominalkomp. 26 n. 3 (where extensive treatment) however Aeol. for μελί-χρως `honey-coloured', after Schwyzer 450 for - χροος. -- B. Subst. μελίτ(ε)ιον n. `mead' (Plu.); μελιτόν κηρίον, η τὸ ἑφθὸν γλεῦκος H.; μελιτίτης ( λίθος) `topaz', ( οἶνος) `honey-wine' (Dsc.; Redard 57 a. 97); μελίτεια f. `Melissa officinalis' (Theoc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 119); μελιτισμός m. `treatment with h.' (medic.) as if from *μελιτίζειν. -- C. Verb. μελιτόομαι `mix with h., be sweetened with h.' (Th., Plu.) with μελίτωμα `honey-cake' (Com.), - ωσις `sweetening' ( Gloss.). -- On its own stands μέλισσα, - ττα f. `bee' (Il.), after Schwyzer Glotta 6, 84ff. (thus Fraenkel Glotta 32, 21) haplological for *μελί-λιχ-ι̯α "honey-leckering"; compare Skt. madhu-lih- m. "honey-lecker" = `bee'; acc. to others however from *μέλιτ-ι̯α, e.g. Lohmann Genus und Sexus (Erg. -h. 10 to KZ) 82 recalling Arm. meɫu `bee' from meɫr `honey' (thus Schwyzer 320). From it several compp. and derivv., e.g. μελισσουργός (- ττ-) `apiarist' (Pl., Arist.) with - έω, - ία, - εῖον, μελισσεύς `id.' (Arist., pap.; Boßhardt 61), also (with diff. origin) as PN (Boßhardt 123f.); μελίσσιον `bee-hive' (pap. III^a; Georgacas Glotta 36, 170), - ία `id.' (Gp.; Scheller Oxytonierung 45), - ών `id.' (LXX) etc. -- On βλίττω s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [723] *meli(t) `honey'

Etymology: Old inherited word for `honey', with Hitt. milit ( = melit) n. directly identical; further with thematic enlargment Goth. miliÞ and Alb. mjaltë (IE * meli-t-o-m). Also Celt., e.g. OIr. mil, and Lat. mel can go back on * meli-t; the -t was prob. originally only at home in the nom.-acc. (Unclear Lat. gen. mellis: from *mel-n-és?; cf. on μείλιχος). Arm. meɫr, gen. meɫu was supposedly after the synonymous *médhu (= μέθυ, s. v.) transferred to the u-stems. From unknown source stems μελίτιον πόμα τι Σκυθικὸν μέλιτος ἑψομένου σὺν ὕδατι καὶ πόᾳ τινί H. -- Details in WP. 2, 296, Pok. 723f., W.-Hofmann s. mel; cf. (on the spread) Porzig Gliederung 202 f.

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