κεντρίτης

     Κεντρίτης

    - ου ὅ Кентрит ( река в древней Армении) Xen.

κεντρ-ίτης, ου, ὁ,

A v. κεντρίνης 111.

II κ. κάλαμος prickly reed, PTeb. 152 (ii B.C.).

III fem. [suff] κεντρ-ῖτις, ιδος, ἡ, place where a horse is tapped for dropsy, Hippiatr.38.

2 κ. βοτάνη, magical plant, PMag.Par.1.773.

κεντρίτης

prickly: masc acc sg (attic epic ionic)

κύων [ῠ], ὁ and ἡ, both in Hom., the masc. more freq., gen. κῠνός, dat. κῠνί, acc. κύνα, voc.

A

κύον Il.8.423

,

κύων Archipp.6

: pl., nom. κύνες, gen. κυνῶν, dat.

κυσί Il.17.272

, al., [dialect] Ep.

κύνεσσι 1.4

, acc. κύνας:—dog, bitch, Hom., etc.; of shepherds' dogs, Il.10.183, 12.303; watch-dogs, 22.66; but in Hom. more freq. of hounds, Il.8.338, al.;

κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι 11.325

;

κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360

; later, when of hounds, mostly in fem., S.Aj.8, E.Hipp.18, etc.;

κ. Λάκαινα Pi.Fr. 106

, S.l.c., X. Cyn.10.1, cf. Arist.HA 608a27, al.; Μολοττικαὶ κ. Alexis Hist. ap. Ath.12.54od, etc.; but

Ἰνδικοί Arist.GA 746a34

, cf. Hdt.1.192: prov., κυσὶν πεινῶσιν οὐχὶ βρώσιμα 'not fit for a dog', Com.Adesp.1205.4;

χεῖρον ἐρεθίσαι γραῦν ἢ κύνα Men.802

; κύνα δέρειν δεδαρμένην 'flog a dead horse', Pherecr.179; ἡ κ. κατακειμένη ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ 'dog in the manger', Luc.Ind.30, al.; χαλεπὸν χορίω κύνα γεῦσαι it's ill to let a dog 'taste blood', Theoc.10.11; νή or μὰ τὸν κύνα was a favourite oath of Socrates, Pl.Ap. 22a (cf. Sch.), Grg. 482b; used familiarly at Athens, Ar.V.83; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅρκος.. κύων, ἔπειτα χήν· θεοὺς δ' ἐσίγων, of primitive men, Cratin.231.

II as a word of reproach, freq. in Hom. of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity; applied by Helen to herself, Il.6.344, 356; by Iris to Athena, 8.423; by Hera to Artemis, 21.481: of the maids in the house of Odysseus, Od.18.338, al.: later, in a coarse sense, Ar.V. 1402; ἡ ῥαψῳδὸς κ., of the Sphinx, S.OT 391, cf.A.Fr. 236 (lyr.); of men,

κακαὶ κ. Il.13.623

; implying recklessness, 8.299, 527, Od.17.248, 22.35; also of offensive persons, compared to yapping dogs, LXX Ps.21(22).17, Ep.Phil.3.2; κ. λαίθαργος, = λαθροδήκτης, metaph., of a person, S.Fr. 885, cf. E. Fr. 555: prov.,

μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κ. Ev.Matt.7.6

.

2 metaph., of persons, watch-dog, guardian, τῶν σταθμῶν κ., of Agamemnon, A. Ag. 896; δωμάτων κ., of Clytemnestra, ib. 607, cf. Ar.Eq. 1023.

3 of the Cynics,

ἀρέσκει τούτοις κυνῶν μεταμφιέννυσθαι βίον Phld.Sto.Herc. 339.8

: hence, Cynic philosopher, Arist.Rh. 1411a24, AP7.65 (Antip.), 413 (Id.), Plu.2.717c, Ath.5.216b, Epigr. ap. D.L.6.19, 60, Baillet Inscriptions des tombeaux des rois 172.

III freq. in Mythology of the servants, agents or watchers of the gods, Διὸς πτηνὸς κύων, of the eagle, A.Pr. 1022, cf. Ag. 136 (lyr.), S.Fr. 884; of the griffins,

Ζηνὸς ἀκραγεῖς κ. A.Pr. 803

; of the Furies,

μετάδρομοι.. πανουργημάτων ἄφυκτοι κ. S.El. 1388

(lyr.), cf. A.Ch. 924, E.Fr. 383; Pan is the κύων of Cybele, Pi.Fr.96: Pythag., Περσεφόνης κύνες, of the planets, Arist. Fr. 196: so Com., Ἡφαίστου κ., of sparks, Alex.149.16; of various mythical beings, as Cerberus,

κ. Ἀΐδαο Il.8.368

, cf. Od.11.623, X. An.6.2.2; Harpies, A.R.2.289; of Hecate, in Mithraic worship, Porph.Abst.4.16; of the

Βάκχαι, Λύσσας κ. E.Ba. 977

(lyr.); Λέρνας κ., of the hydra, Id.HF 420 (lyr.); of a great fish,

Τρίτωνος κ. Lyc. 34

.

IV dog-fish or shark, Od.12.96, cf. Epich.68, Cratin.161, Arist.HA 566a31; κ. ἄγριος, κ. γαλεός and κ. κεντρίτης or κεντρίνη, Opp.H.1.373, Ael.NA1.55; ξιφίας κ., of the sword-fish, Anaxipp. 2.3.

V = σείριος (q.v.), dog-star, i.e. the hound of Orion, Il.22.29; in full,

σειρίου κυνὸς δίκην S.Fr. 803

, cf. A.Ag. 967;

κυνὸς ψυχρὰν δύσιν S.Fr.432.11

;

πρὸ τοῦ κυνός Eup.147

; μετὰ κυνὸς ἐπιτολήν, περὶ κ. ἐ., Arist.Mete. 361b35, HA 602a26; ἐπὶ κυνί ib. 600a4, Syngr. ap. D. 35.13;

ὑπὸ κύνα Arist.HA 547a14

, D.S.19.109;

περὶ κύνα Thphr.CP 3.3.3

;

μετὰ κύνα Id.HP1.9.5

; also of the whole constellation, Arat. 327, Gal.17(1).17.

VI the ace, the worst throw at dice, Poll.9.100, Eust.1289.63.

VII frenum praeputii, Antyll. ap. Orib.50.3.1: with pun on the prov. ap.Pherecr.l.c. (supr. 1), Ar.Lys. 158: with pun on signf.v, AP5.104 (Marc. Arg.).

VIII fetlock of a horse, Hippiatr. 77.

IX unilateral facial paralysis, Gal.8.573.

X = ἀπομαγδαλία, Dsc. ap. Eust.1857.19.

XI ξυλίνη κ., = κυνόσβατος, Orac. ap. Did ap.Ath.2.70c.

XII piece in the game of πόλεις, Cratin.56.3 (dub.). (Cf. Skt. śvā, gen. śúnas, Lith. šuõ, gen. šuñs, Lat. canis, Goth. hunds ([etym.] κύων), etc.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `sting' (Pi.).

Other forms: aor. κένσαι (Ψ 337), κεντῆσαι (Hp., κέντᾱσα Theoc. 19, 1), pass. κεντηθῆναι (Arist.) with κεντηθήσομαι (Hdt.), κεντήσω (S.), κεκέντημαι (Hp.),

Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. κατα-, παρα-, ἀπο-, δια-,

Derivatives: 1. κένσαι for *κέντ-σαι (Schwyzer 287) points to κεντ- (present or aorist?; s. below) of which the dental before dental gave κεσ-. Thus κεσ-τός (\< *κεντ-τός) `stitched' (ep.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 17); κέσ-τρον `pointed iron ' (Plin.) with κεστρωτός and κέστρωσις (H.; *κεστρόω), κέσ-τρος `kind of arrow etc.' (Plb., D. H., H.) with dimin. κεστρίον (Attica) and κέστρειον `stock of arrows (?)' (Delos III^a); κέσ-τρα f. `sharp hammer, arrow' (S., Ph. Bel., Hero), also a fishname = σφύραινα (Ar.; after te form of the body, Strömberg Fischnamen 35); here κεστρεύς `mullet' (IA.; Bosshardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 51) and κεστρῖνος, - ινίσκος `id.' (Com.). - 2. Through reshaping after κεντ-έω (not with ρο-suffix as Fraenkel KZ 42, 118 n. 1) rose κέντρον `sting', as geometrical term. techn. `resting bone of a compass, center of a cirkel' (Il.), with many compounds and derivv., e. g. κεντρ-ηνεκής `driven by the sting' (Il.; cf. with diff. function δουρ-, ποδ-ηνεκής); subst. κέντρων s. v.; adj. like κεντρικός, κεντρώδης, κεντρήεις; fish- and plant names as κεντρίνης, κεντρίσκος, κεντρίτης (Strömberg Fischnamen 47, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 83, 111); denomin. verbs κεντρόω `with a sting, sting' (IA), κεντρίζω `sting' (X.); from κέντρον as backformation κέντωρ m. `goader, driver' (Il., AP; Fraenkel Glotta 2, 32). - 3. From κεντέω ( κεντῆ-σαι, - σω): κέντημα `the sting, the mosaic' (Arist., inscr. Smyrna [Rom. Emp.]), κεντητής `mosaic-worker' ( Edict. Diocl.), κεντητήριον `picker' (Luc.), κεντητικός `stingy' (Thphr.), κεντητός `stitched, with mosaic' (Epikt., pap.). - 4. With old ablaut κοντός m. "the stinger", `pole, crutch, staf to drive on cattle' (ι 487; LW [loanword] Lat. contus with percontor) with κοντά-κιον, - άριον, - ίλος, - ωτός a. o.; here κοντός `short' (Adam.) from κοντο-μάχος, - βόλος, - βολέω, where κοντός was taken as `short'; thus in κοντο-πορεία (Plb.), s. Hatzidakis Festschrift Kretschmer 35ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] *ḱent- `sting'

Etymology: To the sigmatic aorist κένσαι \< *κέντ-σαι was after unknown example a present κεντ-έω created (cf. Schwyzer 706), to which came κεντῆ-σαι, κεντή-σω etc. - Other languages have only isolated nominal formations: OHG hantag `pointed', deriv. from PGm. * handa- (formally = κοντός), Latv. sīts `hunting spear' (= Lith. *šiñtas \< IE. *ḱentos- n.?), and some Celtic words, e. g. Bret. kentr `spur', Welsh cethr `nail', but these are all prob. loans from Lat. centrum. - See W.-Hofmann 2, 423, Pok. 567.

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