κατεσκέλλοντο

κατασκέλλομαι

become a skeleton: aor ind mid 3rd pl

κατασκέλλομαι

become a skeleton: imperf ind mp 3rd pl

κατασκέλλομαι, [voice] Pass.,

A become a skeleton, wither away,

φαρμάκων Χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο A.Pr. 481

: mostly in [tense] pf. [voice] Act. κατέσκληκα, Thphr. CP6.14.11, Luc.Gall.29, Gal.UP8.7, etc.;

ὑπὸ τῶν πόνων Alciphr.3.19

, cf. Luc.Bis Acc.34: [tense] plpf.,

λιμῶ κατεσκλήκει Babr.46.8

; to behard or frozen, Thphr. l.c.: metaph., - εσκληκώς austere, Philostr.VS1.18.1.

χρεία (written [full] χρέα PCair.Zen.25.2, 148 (iii B. C.)), [dialect] Ion. [full] χρείη Call. in PSI11.1216.43, ἡ: ([etym.] χράομαι, κέχρημαι):—

A need, want,

χρείας ὕπο A.Th. 287

; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας considering in what great need we are, S.OT 1443; χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν to war with necessity, Id.OC 191 (anap.): c. gen., want of..,

φαρμάκων χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο A.Pr. 481

;

ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης Id.Th. 506

; ἐν χρείᾳ δορός in the need or stress of war, S.Aj. 963;

φορβῆς χρείᾳ Id.Ph. 162

(anap.), cf. 1004: ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν] Pl.Lg. 834b; ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει will have need of my help, A.Pr. 170 (anap.), cf. Call.l.c.; ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως came to feel the need of its assistance, Pl.Mx. 244d; ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι, Pl.R. 373d, 566e;

ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει S.Ph. 646

; so τίς χ. σ' ἐμοῦ [ἔχει]; E.Hec. 976, cf.

χρεώ 1.2

: χρείαν ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Matt.3.14 (folld. by ( ίνα, Ev.Jo.2.25); signfs.1.1 and 111 in the same sentence, οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς .. Epicur.Sent.Vat.34: prov., χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν ' necessity is the mother of invention', E.Fr. 715, cf.El. 376, Men.263: pl.,

αἱ χρεῖαι τολμᾶν βιάζονται Antipho 3.2.1

;

αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. X. Mem.3.12.5

;

πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή Pl.R. 369d

;

αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. D.23.148

, cf. 45.67 (sg.);

πολεμικαὶ χ. Arist. Pol. 1328b11

.

2 want, poverty, S.Ph. 175 (lyr.), E.Hel. 420, etc.;

διὰ τὴν χ. καὶ τὴν πενίαν Ar.Pl. 534

(anap.).

3 a request of necessity, opp. ἀξίωσις (a claim of merit), Th.1.37, cf. 33: generally, request,

τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ' ἐμοῦ πάρα A.Pr. 700

; κἀγὼ.. τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω make such a request of or to thee, Id.Ch. 481.

II business, ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας; for what purpose? S.OT 1174, cf. 1435;

χρῆσθαί τινι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐθέλωσι Pl.Lg. 868b

;

δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. Plb.8.16.11

.

b esp. military or naval service, ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική the employments of war and of peace, Arist.Pol. 1254b32; αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ., Plb.6.52.1, 31.21.3; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ. Aristeas 110, LXX 1 Ma.12.45;

οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. Ju.12.10

;

οἱ ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοι BGU543.1

(i B. C.); in military sense, action, engagement,

αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. Plb.1.84.7

, al.

c generally, business, employment, function, Id.3.45.2, etc.; ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ. the duty assigned, PTeb.741.11 (ii B. C.);

οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης Act.Ap.6.3

;

χ. πολιτικαί Plu.Mar. 32

, etc.

d a business, affair, matter, like χρέος, Plb.2.49.9, al.; τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ. the study of these things, Epicur.Ep.1p.29U.

e χ. ἀναγκαία need of nature, D.S.4.33;

τροφῆς χ. Ph.2.472

.

III use,

1 as a property, use, advantage, service,

χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς Thgn.62

;

τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι Antipho 3.3.4

;

ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς Pl.Grg. 480a

;

πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. Id.R. 371e

; χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις to be of service to mankind, Id.Smp. 204c; τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν things of no use or service, D.Prooem. 56.3; χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι is of service towards.., Sosip.1.41; for S.OT 725, v. ἐρευνάω 1: pl., χρεῖαι.. φίλων ἀνδρῶν services rendered by them, Pi.N.8.42; χρείας παρέχεσθαι render services, Decr. ap. D.18.84, IG22.654.15, cf. Plb.1.16.8 (sg.); ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι (sic) PCair.Zen. 498 (iii B. C.);

μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν Plb.3.97.4

; παρέχειν χ. to be serviceable, useful, Aristo Stoic.1.79;

ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu.2.724e

;

χ. ναυτικαί

equipments,

Ael.VH2.10

.

2 as an action, using, use,

κτῆσις καὶ χ. X.Mem.2.4.1

, Pl.R. 451c; ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι in use, Id.Phd. 87c; κατὰ τὴν χ. for use, Id.R. 330c;

πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. X.Mem.4.2.25

; ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων the employment of words, Pl.Sph. 239d, cf. Plt. 272d: pl., λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ.. χαλκός is made bright by constant use, S.Fr. 864.

IV of persons, familiarity, intimacy, τινος with one, Antipho 5.63: generally, any relation of business or intercourse,

ἐν χρείᾳ τινὶ τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους Pl.R. 372a

;

ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. Arist.Rh. 1376b13

; [

Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ.. ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ

in the relationship, capacity,

D.L.5.1

.

V Rhet., pregnant sentence, maxim, freq. illustrated by an anecdote, Sen.Ep.33.7, Hermog.Prog.3, Aphthon,Prog.3, Theon Prog.5, etc.: pl., title of works by Zeno (D.L.6.91), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, Ath.13.577d;

ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu.2.218a

; χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι ib.78f.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to dry up, to wither, to languish, to grow tired, to harden', act. `to dry up, to parch'.

Other forms: ( κατεσκέλλοντο A. Pr. 481, σκελλόμενα σκελετευόμενα H.), fut. 3 pl. σκελοῦνται σκελετισθήσονται H., perf. ἔσκληκα, mostly with κατα-, ἀπο-, ἐν- a. o. (Epich., Hp., Choeril., hell. a. late), aor. κατα-, ἀπο-σκλῆναι, 3. sg. ἀπ-έσκλη (Ar., Men., Alciphr.), opt. ἀπο-σκλαίῃ (Moer., H., Suid.); fut. 2. sg. ἀπο-σκλήσῃ (AP); few act. forms: aor. opt. σκήλειε (Ψ 191), subj. ἐνι-σκήλῃ (Nic. Th. 694), ind. ἔσκειλα (Zonar.)

Derivatives: 1. σκελετός m. `dried up body, mummy, skeleton' (Phryn. Com., Pl. Com. [appositive], Phld., Str. etc.), as attribute `dried up' (Nic. Th. 696), with σκελετ-ώδης `mummy-like' (Luc., Erot.), - εύω ( κατα σκέλλομαι) `to mummify, to dry up, to parch' (Teles, Dsc. a. o.), - εύομαι ( κατα-) `to dry up, to languish' (Ar. Fr. 851, Isoc., Gal. a. o.), to which - εία (- ίη) f. `the drying up, withering' (Gal., Aret.), - ευμα n. `that which has withered' (sch.); - ίζομαι = - εύομαι (H., Zonar.). 2. σκελιφρός `dried up, meagre, slender' (Hp., Erot. [v.l. - εφρός]); cf. σκληφρός, στιφρός (untenable on σκελε-: σκελι- Specht Ursprung 126; s. also below). 3. σκληρός `hard, brittle, harsh, severe' (Hes., also Dor.) with σκληρ-ότης, - ύνω, - υσμα, - υσμός, - όομαι etc. 4. σκληφρός `slender, weak, small, thin' (Pl., Theopomp. Com.; also Arist.); in form and meaning influenced by ἐλα-φρός (cf. below). 5. - σκελής as 2. member referring to the verb after Schwyzer 513 (a noun *σκέλος `drought, emaciation, exhaustion; hardness, brittleness' is in any case not attested): περι-σκελής `very hard, brittle, inflexible' (Hp., S., hell. a. late) with περισκέλεια (- ία) f. `hardness, inflexibility' (Arist., medic., Porph.); κατασκελ-ής (: κατα-σκέλλομαι) `meagre' (of stile), `powerless, brittle' (D. H., Prol.); unclear ἀ-σκελής (Hom., Nic.), as adj. of people in ἀσκελέες καὶ ἄθυμοι (κ 463), approx. `powerless and despondent', elsewhere as adv. - ές, - έως of crying resp. be engry (δ 543; T 68 a. α 68), of suffering (Nic. Th. 278), approx. `incessantly, violently'. As ἀ- can be both privative and copulative and σκέλλομαι, ἔσκληκα refers both to fading away and to growing hard, diff. interpretations are thinkable (not convincing Bechtel Lex. s. v.; s. also above (Frisk) I 163 s. v. ἀσκελής and Bq w. lit.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [927] * skelh₁- `dry (up), wither'

Etymology: From the above survey we find a system ἔσκληκα: σκλῆναι like e.g. τέτλη-κα: τλῆ-ναι; to this the full grade yot-present σκέλλομαι as ἀνα-τέλλω. The aoristforms σκήλειε and ἐνι-σκήλῃ stand therefore for σκειλ- (\< σκελ-σ-), perh. as old analogy to σφήλειε a. o. (cf. Schwyzer 756 w. lit.). Other deviations are ἐσκληῶτες (A. R.), after τεθνηῶτες, ἑστηῶτες (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 3, 311 f.), ἀπο-σκλαίη after τεθναίη, σταίη a. o. Because of Dor. σκληρός, σκελε-τός (cf. ἔ-τλᾱν, τελα-μών) - αι- cannot be old. -- The verb has maintained itself best in the perf. ἔσκληκα, was however elsewhere as the ep. τέρσομαι, τερσαίνω by ξηραίνω, αὑαίνω pushed back and replaced. Of the few derivv. esp. the semant. emancipated σκληρός maintained itself. -- Nearer non-Greek cognates do not exist. From other languages have been adduced: Germ. NHG schal `faint, vapid', LG. also `dry, barren', MEngl. schalowe `faint, tired, shallow' (NEngl. shallow), Swed. skäll `meagre' (of the bottom), `thin, faint' (of food, soup, beer), `sourish' (of milk), PGm. * skala-, -i̯a-; without anl. s-: Latv. kàlss `meagre', kàlstu, kàlst `dry up'; Germ., e.g. LG. hal(l) `dry, meagre', NHG hellig `tired, exhausted (by thirst)', behelligen `tire, vex'; Toch. A kleps-, B klaiks- `dry up, languish' (v. Windekens Orbis 11, 342 f. with direct identification with σκελιφ-ρός, σκληφρός; dif. on this above. On the very doubtful connection of σκελετός with Lat. calidus Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 24. -- Older lit. in Bq and WP. 2, 597.

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