κακῶσαι

κακάζω

cackle: fut part act fem nom /voc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

κακόω

maltreat: aor inf act

κακάζω

cackle: fut part act fem nom /voc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

κακόω

maltreat: aor inf act

κακώσᾱͅ, κακάζω

cackle: fut part act fem dat sg (doric)

κακώσαῑ, κακόω

maltreat: aor opt act 3rd sg

κᾰκόω,

A maltreat, distress, in Hom. always of persons,

κεκακωμένοι ἐν Πύλῳ ἦμεν, ἐλθὼν γάρ ῥ' ἐκάκωσε βίη Ἡρακληείη Il.11.689

; μηδὲ.. κάκου κεκακωμένον afflict not the afflicted, Od.4.754;

ἠμὲν κυδῆναι.. βροτὸν ἠδὲ κακῶσαι 16.212

, cf. 20.99;

ὅσοι παθόντες εὖ κακοῦσί μ' ἐκδίκως A.Pr. 976

; κ. [ θεὸς]

δῶμα Id.Fr. 156

;

κ. τοὺς ἀναιτίους E.HF 1162

;

τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Th.8.32

;

τὸν δῆμον Lys.13.91

;

ἑαυτούς Pl. Mx. 248c

:—in [voice] Pass., to be in ill plight, be distressed, κεκακωμένος ἅλμῃ befouled with brine, Od.6.137 (v. supr.): generally, Hdt.1.170, al., A.Pers. 728 (troch.), S.OC 261, And.2.16, Th.4.25;

πρὸς θεῶν κακοῦται E.Hel. 268

;

ἐκάκωτο ὑπὸ τῆς πορείας X.An.4.5.35

;

ἐκ πυρετοῖο AP11.382.1

(Agath.).

2 of things, spoil, ruin,

τὰ κοινά Hdt.3.82

;

τὸ ναυτικόν Th.8.78

; of the air, injure a plant, Thphr.CP2.11.2;

τὰ κακούμενα τῆς Χώρας Aen.Tact.15.1

: Astrol., render unpropitious, Vett. Val.70.22 ([voice] Pass.): physically, injure, paralyse,

τὰς ἀρχὰς τῶν νεύρων Gal.2.690

:—[voice] Pass., κακοῦται πᾶν τὸ σκέλος deteriorates, Hp.Art.58.

κῡδ-αίνω, [tense] fut.

A

κυδᾰνῶ Lyc.721

, etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor.

κύδηνα Il.23.793

; [dialect] Dor.

ἐκύδᾱνα Pi.P.1.31

: ([etym.] κῦδος):— give or do honour to, τινα Il.10.69, 13.348, 350;

ἠμὲν κυδῆναι θνητὸν βροτὸν ἠδὲ κακῶσαι Od.16.212

;

Ζεύς, ὅς μιν.. τίμα καὶ κύδαινε Il.15.612

; [Αἰνείαν] ἀκέοντό τε κύδαινόν τε they healed and glorified him, by restoring strength and beauty, 5.448;

πάλᾳ κυδαίνων Τεγέαν Pi.O.10(11).66

, cf.P.1.31;

πατρίδα κ. Simon. 151

;

σφ' ἀρετὴ κυδαίνουσ' ἀνάγει.. ἐξ Ἀΐδεω Id.99.4

;

πρὸ τοῦ κήπου κ. τὸν περίπατον Plu.2.635a

.

II delight or gladden by marks of honour,

κύδαινε δὲ θυμὸν ἄνακτος Od.14.438

, cf. Il.23.793.

III seldom in bad sense, flatter, fawn upon, Hes.Op.38, cj. in Max.Tyr. 20.1.

IV [voice] Med., pride oneself,

ἐπὶ πατράσι Onos.1.24

.—Poet. and late Prose.

κῡδαίνω, im guten Sinne, rühmen, berühmt machen, ehren, verherrlichen; ἠμὲν κυδῆναι ϑνητὸν βροτὸν ἠδὲ κακῶσαι, von den Göttern gesagt; auch von der äußern Gestalt, Αἰνείαν ἀκέοντό τε κύδαινόν τε, sie heilten u. verherrlichten ihn, indem sie ihm durch die Heilung Kraft u. Schönheit wiedergaben; loben, rühmen; κύδαινε ϑυμὸν ἄνακτος, er erfreute durch Ehrenbezeugungen des Herrschers Seele; schmeicheln

Grammatical information: ptc

Meaning: redupl. ptc. aor. act. `robbing' (Λ 334), κεκαδήσει fut. `he will rob' (φ 153 = 170), κεκαδῆσαι βλάψαι, κακῶσαι, φείσασθαι, στερῆσαι H.; further middle. ὑπὸ... κεκάδοντο `they receded' (Δ 497 = Ο 574) and the intr. pluperf. ἐκεκήδει ὑπε\<κε\> χωρήκει H.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The diff. of meaning between the act.-transitive and the med.-intr. forms can perhaps be explained from the diathesis (?). ( κάδυρος κάπρος ἄνορχις H.seems rather Pre-Greek, suff. - υρ-; unclear κάδαμος τυφλός. Σαλαμίνιοι H.) - Connection with κήδω `care for etc.' is possible. - Not here Lat. cadō (Fick 1, 42) and cēdō (Bechtel Lex. s. κεκάδοντο with Kuhn KZ 1, 92), and also χάζομαι (Schwyzer 748).

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ἐπιτίθημι 3 pl. ἐπιτιθέασιν Mt 23:4, impv. ἐπιτίθει 1 Ti 5:22; impf. 3 pl. ἐπετίθεσαν Ac 8:17 (ἐπετίθουν v.l.); fut. ἐπιθήσω; 1 aor. ἐπέθηκα; 2 aor. ἐπέθην, impv. ἐπίθες, ptc. ἐπιθείς. Mid. fut. ἐπιθήσομαι; 2 aor. ἐπεθέμην (s. τίθημι; Hom.+).

① to place someth. on or transfer to (a place or object)

ⓐ lay/put upon

α. lit.: act., of placing of a physical thing τὶ (which somet. is to be supplied fr. the context; cp. Esth 5:2) ἐπί τι or τινα (X., Cyr. 7, 3, 14; SIG 1173, 9; cp. 1169, 4; PSI 442, 13 [III B.C.]; Gen 22:9; 42:26 al.; JosAs 29:5 αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον; ParJer 2:1 χοῦν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν) someth. upon someth. or someone Mt 23:4; Lk 15:5; J 9:6 v.l. (most mss. read ἐπέχρισεν), 15; Ac 15:10; 28:3; B 7:8. χεῖρα (χεῖρας) ἐπί τινα or τι lay hand(s) on someone or someth. (SIG 1173, 4; Ex 29:10; Lev 1:4; 4:4 al.—KSudhoff, Handanlegg. des Heilgottes: Archiv f. Gesch. d. Med. 18, 1926, 235–50) Mt 9:18; Mk 8:25 (v.l. ἔθηκεν); 16:18; Ac 8:17; 9:17 (cp. 1QapGen and s. SKotlek, ANRW II Principat 37/3, 2859). Also τινὶ τὰς χεῖρας (Jos., Ant. 9, 268; 16, 365) Mt 19:13, 15; Mk 5:23; 6:5; 8:23; Lk 4:40; 13:13 (v.l. ἐπʼ αὐτῇ); Ac 6:6; 8:19; 9:12; 13:3; 19:6; 28:8 (s. χείρ end [Coppens]); of authorization as an elder 1 Ti 5:22 (Goodsp., Probs. 181f; cp. 1QapGen 20, 29); cp. τὴν χεῖρα Mk 7:32; AcPl Ha 3, 31; 4, 34. ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν B 13:5 (Gen 48:18). S. on ἐπίθεσις.—In other combinations ἐ. τί τινι (X., Oec. 17, 9; Esth 2:17; 1 Esdr 4:30; TestJob 7:1; JosAs 10:5; Jos., Ant. 9, 149 ἐπέθεσαν αὐτῷ τ. στέφανον) αὐτῷ τὸν σταυρόν Lk 23:26; στέφανον … αὐτοῦ τῇ κεφαλῇ J 19:2. ἐπειθήσι (=ἐπιθήσει) σοι ἐλευθέριον στέφανον AcPl Ha 2, 31. τοὺς λίθους ἐπετίθουν ἀλλήλαις they placed the stones on one another’s shoulders Hs 9, 3, 5.—τὶ ἐπί τινος (Hdt. 1, 121, 4 al.; 1 Km 6:18; Sus 34; ParJer 5:7; Just., D. 132, 2) Mt 21:7; Lk 8:16 v.l. ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ they placed (the crown of thorns) on his head Mt 27:29. ἐπάνω τ. κεφαλῆς put above (his) head vs. 37.—τῷ μνημείῳ λίθον a stone at the grave Lk 23:53 v.l. (λίθοι) ἐπιτιθέμενοι εἰς τ. οἰκοδομήν stones put into the building Hv 3, 5, 2.

β. fig.: act. (except Ac 15:28, below) ἐ. πληγάς τινι inflict blows upon someone (BGU 759, 13 [II A.D.] πληγὰς πλείστας ἐπέθηκάν μοι) Ac 16:23; cp. Lk 10:30. Differently ἐπιθήσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τ. πληγάς God will bring upon him the plagues Rv 22:18b (cp. δίκην τινί Hdt., Pla. et al., also UPZ 1, 13 [IV B.C.] ὁ θεὸ αὐτῷ τὴν δίκην ἐ. Dt 26:6; τειμωρίαν τινί IAndrosIsis, Kyme 20; 35); s. BOlsson, D. Epilog der Offb. Joh.: ZNW 31, ’32, 84–86.—Pass. Ac 15:28.—ἐ. τινὶ ὄνομα give a surname to someone (cp. Hdt. 5, 68 al.; BGU 1139, 7 [I B.C.]; 2 Esdr 19:7) Mk 3:16f (on the giving of new names to disciples cp. Diog. L. 5, 38: Theophrastus’ name was Τύρταμος; his teacher, Aristotle, μετωνόμασεν and gave him the name Theophrastus because of his god-like eloquence). B 12:8f ἐ. τὸ ἔλεος ἐπί τινα bestow mercy upon someone 15:2.

ⓑ give τινί τι someth. to someone, mid. (BGU 1208 1, 4 [27 B.C.]; PRyl 81, 9 τὴν ὅλου τ. πράγματος ἐξουσίαν τοῖς κατασπορεῦσι ἐπεθέμην) ἀναγομένοις τὰ πρὸς τὰς χρείας when we sailed they gave us what we needed Ac 28:10; unless the verb is to rendered here put on board the needed supplies (so NRSV, REB).

ⓒ add ἐπί τι, act. ( Hom., et al.) ἐπʼ αὐτά Rv 22:18a.

② to set upon, attack, lay a hand on, mid. (Jos., Ant. 1, 328) τινί (Hdt., Aristoph. et al.; Appian, Liby. 102 §482; PTebt 15, 11 [114 B.C.]; PFlor 332, 7; LXX; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 371; Jos., Ant. 4, 96) foll. by subst. inf. of purpose in gen. (Gen 43:18) οὐδεὶς ἐπιθήσεταί σοι τοῦ κακῶσαί σε in order to harm you Ac 18:10.—M-M. TW.