ƕapjan

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `smoke, steam' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-pi-ni-ja.

Compounds: Compp., e. g. καπνο-δόκη ` flue (of a chimney' (IA.), δύσ-καπνος ` with an unpleasant smoke' (A., Thphr.).

Derivatives: Subst. 1. κάπνη (Com.), short form of καπνοδόκη; also = καπνιαῖος λίθος ( PHolm.; s. below); 2. καπνία for κάπνη (Moer. 292, Gloss.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 56); 3. καπνίας m. name a) of a wine, that got a special taste from smoke (Com.), b) a kind of jasper, = καπνίτης, from the colour (Dsc., Plin.), c) of the poet Ekphantides (Ar. V. 151; ` διὰ τὸ μηδεν λαμπρὸν γράφειν' H.). 4. καπνίτης m. name of a stone, from the colour (Alex. Trall.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), καπνῖτις f. plant name, `fumitory, Fumaria officinalis', from the smoke-coloured leaves (Ps.-Dsc.), also called κάπνιος and καπνός (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 27, Redard 72). - Adject. 5. κάπνε(ι)ος (sc. ἄμπελος) f. `vine with smoke-coloured grapes' (Arist., Thphr., pap.); 6. καπνώδης `smokey, smoke-coloured' (Arist., Thphr., Plb.); 7. καπνηλός ` smoke-like' (Nic. Th. 54); 8. καπνιαῖος λίθος ` smoke-coloured quarz' ( PHolm.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. καπνίζω, aor. καπνίσ(σ)αι, also with prefix, ἀπο-, περι-, ὑπο-, `smoke, make smoke, be smoke-coloured' (Il.) with κάπνισις `exposure to smoke' (Arist.), κάπνισμα ` incense' (AP), καπνιστήριον `steam-bath?' (Priene); 2. καπνόομαι `vanish into smoke' (Pi., E.); 3. καπνιάω `smoke a bee-hive' (A. R. 2, 131), after θυμιάω; 4. καπνείω `let vanish into smoke, burn' (Nic. Th. 36). - Beside καπνός there is an aorist ἀπὸ ( δε ψυχην) ἐκάπυσσεν `breathe forth' (Χ 467; κάπυσσεν Q. S. 6, 523), with the present καπύσσων ἐκπνέων H.; the supposed basis seems preserved in κάπυς πνεῦμα H. (also κάπος ψυχή, πνεῦμα). Uncertain is the gloss, given in the wrong place, καπυκτά πνέοντα H.; connected with καπύσσων?, cf ἀλύω (s.v.) with ἀλύσσω s. The stem with υ- also in καπυρός `dry etc.', s. v.; uncertain is κέκηφε τέθνηκε H., κεκαφηότα (Hom.), s. v.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: An original *κϜαπ-νός (see Schwyzer 302; and s. below), but note that Myc. does not have a w, agrees with Lith. kvãpas `breath, smell'; beside it with ē-vowel kvėpiù,kvẽpti `gasp, breathe', Latv. kvêpstu, kvêpt `smoke, smell'; καπνός a. cogn. then seem to go back on IE. ku̯ep-. An old question is whether Lat. vapor `vapour, smoke' with v- for expected qu- is cognate. On the other hand Russ. kópotь `fine soot, dust' etc. presents a u̯-less form, which cannot be explained from Slavic. Finally Germ., e. g. Goth. af- ƕapjan `suffocate, extinguish', af- ƕapnan `extinguish' show a root-final p for f (b). "Man hat somit in den verschiedenen Sprachen mit zahlreichen, nicht unerwarteten Entgleisungen zu rechnen. (Frisk)" - More forms in Pok. 596f.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. vapor, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kvẽpti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kópotь. S. also Bq. - Schrijver (Laryng. in Latin, 260f.) assumed a laryngeal for Latvian, and posited * kuh₂ep-, a rare type that is perhaps impossible; also it is uncertain that this gave *κϜαπ-. IE origin, then, is improbable. * kap- is unprobelematic for Pre-Greek; an u-stem ( κάπυς) is frequent in Pre-Greek (s. Heubeck, Praegraeca 31-39), as is a suffix n- after consonant (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes). The Baltic (and Slavic) forms, and Lat. vapor are unclear, and may come form a substr. language. (I do not assume * kʷap-, as this would give *κ(ϝ)οπ-, cf. ἄλοξ, καλαῦροψ.)

Page in Frisk: 1,781-782