Ăchīvi

(gen. gríss, pl. grísir), m.

1) young pig;

2) hog.

* * *

m., pl. ir, gen. ar, Odd. 28, [Swed.-Dan. gris; Scot. grice], a young pig; gyltar gríss, a sucking pig, Fs. 107; gyltr ok gríss, Gullþ. 60, Fs. Vd. ch. 44, Grág. i. 504, Jb. 287, Sd. 163: the saying, grísir gjalda þess er gömul svín valda, cp. quidquid delirant reges plectuntur Achivi, Stj. 63; gnyðja mundu grísir ef þeir vissi hvat hinn gamli þyldi (ef galtar böl vissi, v. l.), Fas. i. 282: of a young wild pig, Fb. ii. 25: grísa-gyltr, f. a sow with pigs, Vm. 85; grísar-höfuð, n. a pig’s head, Odd. 28.

2. a pr. name, Landn.; cp. Grísar-tunga, name of a farm, 71.

II. [as in Norse, vide Ivar Aasen], gener. a pig; er gamlir grísir ( old swine) skyldi halda mér at höfuðbeinum, Grett. (in a verse); as also the Icel. grís-efldr, adj. strong as a grís ( a hog?), i. e. prodigiously strong, of great muscular strength; this word however, which is freq. in mod. usage, is not recorded in old writers, but it occurs in Lex. Run.

* * *

dē-līro, āre, v. n. [de-lira, to go out of the furrow; hence],

Lit., to deviate from a straight line:

nil ut deliret amussis,

Aus. Idyll. 16, 11; cf. Plin. 18, 20, 49, § 180.—

Trop. (cf. Vel. Long. p. 2233 P.), to be crazy, deranged, out of one's wits; to be silly, to dote, rave (class.):

delirat linguaque mensque,

Lucr. 3, 454:

falli, errare, labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,

Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94;

so with desipere and dementem esse,

id. N. D. 1, 34, 94: Am. Delirat uxor. So. Atra bili percita est, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 95 sq.:

senex delirans,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 43:

morbo delirantes,

Lucr. 5, 1158; cf.

timore,

Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 8:

in extis totam Etruriam delirare,

Cic. Div. 1, 18, 35:

Stertinium deliret acumen,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 20.—With acc. respect.:

quicquid delirant reges plectuntur Achivi,

whatever folly the kings commit, id. ib. 1, 2, 14.

ignōtus, a, um, Part., from ignosco.

ignōtus, a, um, adj. [in-gnotus, notus].

Pass., unknown.

In gen.:

quamquam ad ignotum arbitrum me appellis: si adhibebit fidem, Etsi est ignotus, notus: si non, notus ignotissimus est,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.:

dubitabitis, judices, quin ab hoc ignotissimo Phryge nobilissimum civem vindicetis?

Cic. Fl. 17, 40:

ignoti homines et repentini quaestores celeriter facti sunt,

id. Brut. 64, 242:

homo ignotus et novus,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

nos pluribus ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17:

longinqua eoque ignotior gens,

Liv. 5, 32, 5:

procedam in aciem adversus ignotos inter se ignorantesque,

Liv. 21, 43, 18; cf.

§ 13: omnes illacrimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 27:

jus applicationis obscurum sane et ignotum patefactum atque illustratum est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177:

obscurioribus et ignotioribus verbis,

Quint. 7, 3, 13; cf. id. 8, 3, 73; 8, 6, 74:

haec nova et ignota ratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

alter (dies) in vulgus ignotus,

id. Att. 9, 5, 2:

ille tibi non ignotus cursus animi mei,

id. ib. 5, 15, 1:

terrae,

unknown, distant, Tib. 1, 3, 3; ib. 39; cf.: nobilis ignoto diffusus consule Bacchus, unknown, remote with respect to time, i. e. old, Luc. 4, 379.— Subst.: ignō-tum, i, n., that which is unknown. —

Prov.: ignoti nulla cupido,

Ov. A. A. 3, 397.—

In partic., pregn. (for ignobilis, II.), of low birth or condition, lowborn, base, vulgar ( poet.):

quo patre sit natus, num ignota matre inhonestus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 36; cf.:

naso suspendis adunco Ignotos, ut me libertino patre natum,

id. ib. 6 and 24:

Achivi,

the ignoble Greeks, Ov. M. 12, 600:

progenuit tellus ignoto nomine Ligdum,

id. ib. 9, 670:

ignotis perierunt mortibus illi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 108.—

Act. (cf. the Gr. agnôstos), unacquainted with a thing, ignorant of (very rare for ignarus, insciens, inscitus): ignotae iteris sumus, Naev. ap. Non. 124, 28:

simulacra ignotis nota faciebant,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

producere ad ignotos (aliquem),

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; Auct. Her. 3, 6, 12; cf.:

ignotos fallit, notis est derisui,

Phaedr. 1, 11, 2; so,

ignoti, faciem ejus cum intuerentur, contemnebant,

Nep. Ages. 8, 1.

ignōtus, a, um, Part., from ignosco.

ignōtus, a, um, adj. [in-gnotus, notus].

Pass., unknown.

In gen.:

quamquam ad ignotum arbitrum me appellis: si adhibebit fidem, Etsi est ignotus, notus: si non, notus ignotissimus est,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.:

dubitabitis, judices, quin ab hoc ignotissimo Phryge nobilissimum civem vindicetis?

Cic. Fl. 17, 40:

ignoti homines et repentini quaestores celeriter facti sunt,

id. Brut. 64, 242:

homo ignotus et novus,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

nos pluribus ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17:

longinqua eoque ignotior gens,

Liv. 5, 32, 5:

procedam in aciem adversus ignotos inter se ignorantesque,

Liv. 21, 43, 18; cf.

§ 13: omnes illacrimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 27:

jus applicationis obscurum sane et ignotum patefactum atque illustratum est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177:

obscurioribus et ignotioribus verbis,

Quint. 7, 3, 13; cf. id. 8, 3, 73; 8, 6, 74:

haec nova et ignota ratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

alter (dies) in vulgus ignotus,

id. Att. 9, 5, 2:

ille tibi non ignotus cursus animi mei,

id. ib. 5, 15, 1:

terrae,

unknown, distant, Tib. 1, 3, 3; ib. 39; cf.: nobilis ignoto diffusus consule Bacchus, unknown, remote with respect to time, i. e. old, Luc. 4, 379.— Subst.: ignō-tum, i, n., that which is unknown. —

Prov.: ignoti nulla cupido,

Ov. A. A. 3, 397.—

In partic., pregn. (for ignobilis, II.), of low birth or condition, lowborn, base, vulgar ( poet.):

quo patre sit natus, num ignota matre inhonestus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 36; cf.:

naso suspendis adunco Ignotos, ut me libertino patre natum,

id. ib. 6 and 24:

Achivi,

the ignoble Greeks, Ov. M. 12, 600:

progenuit tellus ignoto nomine Ligdum,

id. ib. 9, 670:

ignotis perierunt mortibus illi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 108.—

Act. (cf. the Gr. agnôstos), unacquainted with a thing, ignorant of (very rare for ignarus, insciens, inscitus): ignotae iteris sumus, Naev. ap. Non. 124, 28:

simulacra ignotis nota faciebant,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

producere ad ignotos (aliquem),

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; Auct. Her. 3, 6, 12; cf.:

ignotos fallit, notis est derisui,

Phaedr. 1, 11, 2; so,

ignoti, faciem ejus cum intuerentur, contemnebant,

Nep. Ages. 8, 1.

pugnax, ācis, adj. [pugno], fond of fighting, combative, warlike, martial.

Lit.:

centuriones pugnaces,

Cic. Phil. 8, 9, 26:

acer et pugnax,

id. Rep. 5, 8, 10 (from Non. 337, 31):

Minerva,

Ov. Tr. 3, 9, 7:

Achivi,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 27:

filius Thetidis,

id. ib. 4, 6, 8:

gens,

Tac. Agr. 17:

hastas,

Prop. 3, 7 (4, 8), 25:

pugnacissimus quique,

Tac. H. 4, 60:

gentes pugnacissimae,

Curt. 3, 9, 3: hac legione noli pugnacius quidquam putare, Asin. Pol. ap. Cic. Fam, 10, 31, 5:

aries,

Col. 7, 3, 6; cf.:

galli gallinacei pugnacissimi duo,

Petr. 86:

ensis,

Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 48.— Poet., with inf.:

tenui pugnax instare veruto,

Sil. 3, 363.—

Trop., of a speech or of the speaker, combative, quarrelsome, contentious:

oratio pugnacior (opp. pacatior),

Cic. Brut. 31, 121:

oratio pugnax et contentiosa,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 5:

exordium dicendi vehemens et pugnax, non saepe esse debeat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317.—

Transf., in gen., obstinate, refractory, pertinacious:

Graecus nimis pugnax esse noluit,

Cic. Pis. 28, 70: non est pugnax in vitiis, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1.—Of things, concrete and abstract; with dat.:

ignis aquae pugnax,

Ov. M. 1, 432; Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

musta,

harsh, id. 14, 20, 25, § 125:

quid ferri duritiā pugnacius?

id. 36, 16, 25, § 127.—Hence, adv.: pugnācĭter, contentiously, violently, obstinately:

certare cum aliis pugnaciter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 65:

dicere,

Quint. 9, 4, 126:

ferire,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 11.— Comp.:

alia pugnacius dicenda,

Quint. 9, 4, 130.— Sup.:

pugnacissime defendere sententiam,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 9.

strĕpo, ui, 3, v. n. and a.

Lit., to make a noise; to rattle, rustle, rumble, murmur, hum, roar, etc. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

syn.: fremo, strideo): cum Achivi coepissent Inter se strepere, * Cic. poët. Div. 1, 16, 29: vocibus truculentis,

Tac. A. 1, 25:

apes in alvo strepunt,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 26; cf. id. 11, 17, 17, § 54.—Of musical instruments ( poet.):

rauco strepuerunt cornua cantu,

Verg. A. 8, 2; so,

litui,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 18:

fluvii strepunt Hibernā nive turgidi,

id. ib. 4, 12, 3.—Of arms, etc.:

strepit assiduo cava tempora circum Tinnitu galea,

Verg. A. 9, 808:

lancea,

Val. Fl. 6, 302:

tonitrua,

Sil. 15, 145.—

Of the place in which the sound is heard: strepit omnis murmure campus,

Verg. A. 6, 709:

omnia terrore ac tumultu,

Liv. 25, 25, 9; cf. id. 21, 11, 6:

urbs apparatu belli,

id. 26, 51, 7; cf. Tac. H. 2, 84:

aures clamoribus plorantium,

Liv. 22, 14, 8:

placidum aequor mille navium, remis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

armorum paratu provinciae,

id. H. 2, 84:

mons tibiarum cantu tympanorumque sonitu,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 7.—

Trop.:

Scythici equitatūs equorum gloriā strepunt,

ring, resound with the glory, Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156:

intra Albanam arcem sententia Messalini strepebat,

i. e. was not heard beyond, Tac. Agr. 45.—

Act. (very rare):

haec cum sub ipso vallo portisque streperent,

bawled out, vociferated, Liv. 2, 45, 5:

strepens immania,

making strenuous accusations, Amm. 16, 6, 1:

qui (lucus) Capitolium montem strepit,

fills with rustling, Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 3, 9.

torpĕo, ēre, v. n. [Sanscr. root tarp-, to sate; Gr. terpô], to be stiff, numb, motionless, inactive, torpid, sluggish, etc. (syn.: langueo, languesco, stupeo, rigeo).

Lit.:

torpentes gelu,

Liv. 21, 56, 7; 21, 55, 8; cf.:

digitus torpens frigore,

Suet. Aug. 80:

languidi et torpentes oculi,

Quint. 11, 3, 76:

torpentes rigore nervi,

Liv. 21, 58, 9:

membra torpent,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 168; cf.:

torpentes membrorum partes,

id. 24, 4, 7, § 13:

torpent infractae ad proelia vires,

Verg. A. 9, 499:

duroque simillima saxo Torpet,

Ov. M. 13, 541:

quid vetat et nervos magicas torpere per artes?

id. Am. 3, 7, 35:

serpentes torpentes inveniantur,

Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 148:

hostem habes aegre torpentia membra trahentem,

Sil. 4, 68:

non eadem vini atque cibi torpente palato Gaudia,

Juv. 10, 203; cf.:

non exacuet torpens sapor ille palatum,

Ov. P. 1, 10, 13.—

Transf., of inanim. things, to be still, motionless, sluggish:

torpentes lacus,

Stat. Th. 9, 452:

amnis,

id. ib. 4, 172:

locus depressus hieme pruinis torpet,

Col. 1, 4, 10:

Orpheus tacuit torpente lyrā,

Sen. Med. 348:

antra Musarum longo torpentia somno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, praef. 51; 1, 262.—

Trop., to be stupid, stupefied, astounded; to be dull, listless, inactive (cf. stupeo):

timeo, totus torpeo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 179; cf.:

timore torpeo,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 50:

torpentibus metu qui aderant,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

deum volumus cessatione torpere,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 102:

quidnam torpentes subito obstupuistis Achivi? id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: torpentes metu,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

defixis oculis animoque et corpore torpet?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 14:

cum Pausiacā torpes tabellā,

when you are lost in admiration, id. S. 2, 7, 95:

nec torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno,

Verg. G. 1, 124:

frigere ac torpere senis consilia,

Liv. 6, 23, 7:

consilia re subitā,

id. 1, 41, 3:

torpebat vox spiritusque,

id. 1, 25, 4:

Tyrii desperatione torpebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 16:

rursus ad spem et fiduciam erigere torpentes,

id. 4, 10, 7; 4, 14, 13.

ungo or unguo, nxi, nctum, 3, v. a. [root in Sanscr. ang, to besmear; cf. Gr. agos], to smear, besmear, anoint with any fat substance, an unguent, oil, etc. (class.;

syn.: lino, linio): unguentis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77:

aliquam unguentis,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 115; id. Truc. 2, 2, 34:

unctus est, accubuit,

Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1:

gloria quem supra vires unguit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22; Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 76.—Of the anointing of corpses, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 219 (Ann. v. 156 Vahl.); Ov. P. 1, 9, 47; id. F. 4, 853; id. H. 10, 122; Mart. 3, 12, 4; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7:

corpus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26:

globos melle,

Cato, R. R. 79:

postes superbos amaracino,

Lucr. 4, 1175 et saep.—Of the anointing of a Jewish king:

unctus est in regem,

Sulp. Sev. Chron. 1, 45, 5:

caules oleo,

to dress with oil, Hor. S. 2, 3, 125:

caules impensius,

Pers. 6, 68:

pingui oluscula lardo,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 64: labitur uncta carina, daubed with pitch, the pitchy keel, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, and ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1 (Ann. v. 379 and 476); imitated by Verg. A. 4, 398; cf.:

labitur uncta vadis abies,

id. ib. 8, 91: ungere tela manu ferrumque armare, to smear or anoint with poison (ious chriesthai), id. ib. 9, 773:

arma uncta cruoribus,

smeared, stained, Hor. C. 2, 1, 5:

tela cruore hostili,

Sil. 9, 13:

ova ranae sanguine,

Hor. Epod. 5, 19:

puer unctis Tractavit calicem manibus,

i. e. greasy, id. S. 2, 4, 78; so,

uncta aqua,

id. ib. 2, 2, 68.—

Trop., Vulg. Act. 10, 38; id. 2 Cor. 1, 21.—Hence, unctus, a, um, P. a.; prop. anointed, oiled:

cur quisquam caput unctius referret,

Cat. 10, 11:

magis diliges ex duobus aeque bonis viris nitidum et unctum quam pulverulentum et horrentem,

Sen. Ep. 66, 24:

Achivi,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 33:

nudus, unctus, ebrius est contionatus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 12.—

Transf., rich, luxurious, sumptuous (syn. lautus).

Adj.:

captus es unctiore cenā,

Mart. 5, 44, 7:

melius et unctius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44:

cenae unctissimae,

Sid. Ep. 2, 9:

ita palaestritas defendebat, ut ab illis ipse unctior abiret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 54:

accedes siccus ad unctum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 12:

patrimonia,

Cat. 29, 23:

Corinthus,

luxurious, voluptuous, Juv. 8, 113:

Tarentus,

Sid. Carm. 5, 430:

pro isto asso sole, quo tu abusus es in nostro pratulo, a te nitidum solem unctumque repetemus,

i. e. sunshine and ointment, Cic. Att. 12, 6, 2:

unctior splendidiorque consuetudo loquendi,

rich, copious, id. Brut. 20, 78.—

Subst.: unctum, i, n.

A rich banquet, sumptuous feast:

unctum qui recte ponere possit,

Hor. A. P. 422:

cenare sine uncto,

Pers. 6, 16.—

An ointment:

haurito plusculo uncto, corporis mei membra perfricui,

App. M. 3, p. 139; Veg. 3, 71, 5.

Ἄργος n.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: name of several towns, the best known being the capital of Argolis (Il.).

Derivatives: Άργεῖοι, sg. - ος `people of Argos' (Il.); from here Lat. Argīvī (after Achīvī). ᾽Αργόλις (γῆ).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Unexplained, certainly pre-Greek. Strabo 8. 6. 9 says the word means πεδίον in younger writers (cf. Call. fr. 299), and is esp. Macedonian and Thessalian. S. Kalléris Anc. Mac. 106-8; Bonfante, Riv. di Filol. 97 (1969) 187. Note the s-stem but the o-stem in Argolis.

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Grammatical information: pl. m.

Meaning: name of a Greek tribe (Il.).

Other forms: sg. Άχαιός `Achaean', f. Άχαιαί, sg. -ά (s. Schwyzer 460).

Derivatives: Άχαιΐς, - ίδος f. `the land of the A.' (sc. γαῖα) or `the Achaean f.' (sc. γυνή), also Άχαιϊάς f. (Il.); Άχαιϊκός, Att. Άχᾱϊκός (cf. Schwyzer 265f.) `Achaean'; Άχαιΐη, Att. Άχᾱΐα f. a Thessalian and Peloponnesian region `Achaia'; also a town (Rhodos etc.), perhaps trisyllabic, s. below.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The name Άχαιοί \< ΆχαιϜοί (cf. Lat. Achīvī) is known from Egyptian sources as 'q'jw'š', read as Aqaiwaša. Also in Hitt. Aḫḫiya, later Ah̯h̯iyawā, from *ΆχαιϜία or *ΆχαίϜα(?); Kretschmer Glotta 21, 227). Against this Sommer ( Aḫḫijavā-Urk., A. u. Sprw., IF 55, 169ff.). The equation is now generally accepted, but the Hittite form has not been satisfactorily explained. (Worthless Finkelberg, Glotta 66, 1988, 127 - 134, who derives the Greek form from Hitt. Ah̯h̯iyawa (!), with h₂y \> χ.) - The name is no doubt a Pre-Greek name ( Akayʷa?). On the historical side Lehmann, Historische Zeitschr. 262, 1996, 1 - 38; Niemeyer Aegaeun 19, 1999, 141 - 155.

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