[516]

arcānus, a, um, adj. [v. arceo], orig., shut up, closed; hence, trop.,

That keeps a secret, trusty:

dixisti arcano satis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 155:

petiit, ut aliquem ex arcanis mitteret,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 178.— Hence, poet., of the night: omina arcanā nocte petita, in silent night, or night that keeps secrets, Ov. H. 9, 40; Stat. S. 1, 3, 71.—

Hidden, concealed, secret, private (class., although very rare in Cic.):

at quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur, quīcum arcana, quīcum occulta omnia,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 18; so Hor. C. 3, 21, 15:

secretae et arcanae opes,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

fontis arcani aqua,

Tac. A. 2, 54:

libidines,

Suet. Tib. 43 al.:

littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 516:

sensus,

Verg. A. 4, 422 al. —

Esp., in the lang. of religion, of things sacred and incommunicable: ARCANA VRBIS PRAESIDIA,

Inscr. Orell. 2494: audivit arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui, Vulg. 2 Cor. 12, 4;

and of secret, mysterious usages: sacra,

Ov. M. 10, 436:

arcana cum fiunt sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; so Stat. S. 3, 4, 92; Sil. 2, 427; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 402; and by poet. license transf. to the deity presiding over such mysteries:

qui Cereris sacrum Volgavit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 27.—Hence, subst.: arcānum, i, n., a secret.

In gen.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

arcani Fides prodiga,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 16:

si quid umquam arcani sanctive ad silendum in curiā fuerit,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

arcana regum,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

revelare arcana,

Vulg. Prov. 11, 13:

denudare arcana amici,

ib. Eccli. 27, 17.—

Spec., a sacred secret, a mystery:

fatorum arcana,

Ov. M. 2, 639; so Verg. A. 7, 123:

Pythagorae arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; cf.:

Jovis arcana,

the secret decrees of, id. C. 1, 28, 9:

deorum arcanum proferre,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5: arcana quaedam, secret rites (of the diviners), Vulg. Exod. 7, 11:

violabunt arcanum meum,

my secret place, sanctuary, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 22 et saep.— Adv.: arcā-nō (cf. Charis. pp. 173 and 179 P.), in secret, privately:

arcano tibi ego hoc dico,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 117:

hunc (librum) lege arcano convivis tuis,

Cic. Att. 16, 3 (cf. Charis. l. c.):

arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

* Comp.:

arcanius judicare aliquid de aliquā re,

Col. 3, 2 fin.—Sup. not used.

Arcānus, a, um, adj. [Arcae], of or pertaining to Arcœ hence, subst.

Arcāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Arcœ, Inscr. Orell. 4007.—

Arcānum, i, n., a villa of Q. Cicero, in the neighborhood of Arcœ, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1 al.

arcānus, a, um, adj. [v. arceo], orig., shut up, closed; hence, trop.,

That keeps a secret, trusty:

dixisti arcano satis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 155:

petiit, ut aliquem ex arcanis mitteret,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 178.— Hence, poet., of the night: omina arcanā nocte petita, in silent night, or night that keeps secrets, Ov. H. 9, 40; Stat. S. 1, 3, 71.—

Hidden, concealed, secret, private (class., although very rare in Cic.):

at quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur, quīcum arcana, quīcum occulta omnia,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 18; so Hor. C. 3, 21, 15:

secretae et arcanae opes,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

fontis arcani aqua,

Tac. A. 2, 54:

libidines,

Suet. Tib. 43 al.:

littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 516:

sensus,

Verg. A. 4, 422 al. —

Esp., in the lang. of religion, of things sacred and incommunicable: ARCANA VRBIS PRAESIDIA,

Inscr. Orell. 2494: audivit arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui, Vulg. 2 Cor. 12, 4;

and of secret, mysterious usages: sacra,

Ov. M. 10, 436:

arcana cum fiunt sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; so Stat. S. 3, 4, 92; Sil. 2, 427; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 402; and by poet. license transf. to the deity presiding over such mysteries:

qui Cereris sacrum Volgavit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 27.—Hence, subst.: arcānum, i, n., a secret.

In gen.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

arcani Fides prodiga,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 16:

si quid umquam arcani sanctive ad silendum in curiā fuerit,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

arcana regum,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

revelare arcana,

Vulg. Prov. 11, 13:

denudare arcana amici,

ib. Eccli. 27, 17.—

Spec., a sacred secret, a mystery:

fatorum arcana,

Ov. M. 2, 639; so Verg. A. 7, 123:

Pythagorae arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; cf.:

Jovis arcana,

the secret decrees of, id. C. 1, 28, 9:

deorum arcanum proferre,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5: arcana quaedam, secret rites (of the diviners), Vulg. Exod. 7, 11:

violabunt arcanum meum,

my secret place, sanctuary, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 22 et saep.— Adv.: arcā-nō (cf. Charis. pp. 173 and 179 P.), in secret, privately:

arcano tibi ego hoc dico,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 117:

hunc (librum) lege arcano convivis tuis,

Cic. Att. 16, 3 (cf. Charis. l. c.):

arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

* Comp.:

arcanius judicare aliquid de aliquā re,

Col. 3, 2 fin.—Sup. not used.

Arcānus, a, um, adj. [Arcae], of or pertaining to Arcœ hence, subst.

Arcāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Arcœ, Inscr. Orell. 4007.—

Arcānum, i, n., a villa of Q. Cicero, in the neighborhood of Arcœ, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1 al.

arcānus, a, um, adj. [v. arceo], orig., shut up, closed; hence, trop.,

That keeps a secret, trusty:

dixisti arcano satis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 155:

petiit, ut aliquem ex arcanis mitteret,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 178.— Hence, poet., of the night: omina arcanā nocte petita, in silent night, or night that keeps secrets, Ov. H. 9, 40; Stat. S. 1, 3, 71.—

Hidden, concealed, secret, private (class., although very rare in Cic.):

at quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur, quīcum arcana, quīcum occulta omnia,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 18; so Hor. C. 3, 21, 15:

secretae et arcanae opes,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

fontis arcani aqua,

Tac. A. 2, 54:

libidines,

Suet. Tib. 43 al.:

littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 516:

sensus,

Verg. A. 4, 422 al. —

Esp., in the lang. of religion, of things sacred and incommunicable: ARCANA VRBIS PRAESIDIA,

Inscr. Orell. 2494: audivit arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui, Vulg. 2 Cor. 12, 4;

and of secret, mysterious usages: sacra,

Ov. M. 10, 436:

arcana cum fiunt sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; so Stat. S. 3, 4, 92; Sil. 2, 427; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 402; and by poet. license transf. to the deity presiding over such mysteries:

qui Cereris sacrum Volgavit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 27.—Hence, subst.: arcānum, i, n., a secret.

In gen.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

arcani Fides prodiga,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 16:

si quid umquam arcani sanctive ad silendum in curiā fuerit,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

arcana regum,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

revelare arcana,

Vulg. Prov. 11, 13:

denudare arcana amici,

ib. Eccli. 27, 17.—

Spec., a sacred secret, a mystery:

fatorum arcana,

Ov. M. 2, 639; so Verg. A. 7, 123:

Pythagorae arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; cf.:

Jovis arcana,

the secret decrees of, id. C. 1, 28, 9:

deorum arcanum proferre,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5: arcana quaedam, secret rites (of the diviners), Vulg. Exod. 7, 11:

violabunt arcanum meum,

my secret place, sanctuary, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 22 et saep.— Adv.: arcā-nō (cf. Charis. pp. 173 and 179 P.), in secret, privately:

arcano tibi ego hoc dico,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 117:

hunc (librum) lege arcano convivis tuis,

Cic. Att. 16, 3 (cf. Charis. l. c.):

arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

* Comp.:

arcanius judicare aliquid de aliquā re,

Col. 3, 2 fin.—Sup. not used.

Arcānus, a, um, adj. [Arcae], of or pertaining to Arcœ hence, subst.

Arcāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Arcœ, Inscr. Orell. 4007.—

Arcānum, i, n., a villa of Q. Cicero, in the neighborhood of Arcœ, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1 al.

ar-rĭgo ( adr-, Dietsch, Halm; arr-, Fleck., Rib., Weissenb.), rexi, rectum, 3, v. a. [rego], to set up, raise, erect (not used by Cic., but for it he employs erigere).

Lit.:

leo comas arrexit,

Verg. A. 10, 726; so id. ib. 4, 280:

aurīs,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 6; so Ter. And. 5, 4, 30; Ov. M. 15, 516; Verg. A. 2, 303 (translatio a pecudibus, Don. ad Ter. l. c.; cf.

opp. demittere aures,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 35):

linguam,

Mart. 11, 62, 10:

tollit se arrectum quadrupes,

Verg. A. 10, 892; so id. ib. 5, 426; 2, 206 et saep.—

Trop., to encourage, animate, rouse, excite:

eos non paulum oratione suā Marius adrexerat,

Sall. J. 84, 4:

cum spes arrectae juvenum,

when hope was aroused, Verg. G. 3, 105:

arrectae stimulis haud mollibus irae,

id. A. 11, 452: Etruria atque omnes reliquiae belli adrectae, are in commotion, are roused, Sall. H. 1, 19, p. 220 Gerl.:

adrectā omni civitate,

excited with wonder, Tac. A. 3, 11.—Esp. freq. arrigere aliquem or animos, to incite, rouse the mind or courage to something, to direct to something (sometimes with ad aliquam rem):

vetus certamen animos adrexit,

Sall. C. 39, 3 Kritz:

sic animis eorum adrectis,

id. J. 68, 4; 86, 1 al.; Liv. 45, 30:

arrexere animos Itali,

Verg. A. 12, 251:

his animum arrecti dictis,

id. ib. 1, 579:

arrecti ad bellandum animi sunt,

Liv. 8, 37 (cf. erigo).—Hence, arrectus ( adr-), a, um, P. a., set upright; hence, steep, precipitous (rare):

pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

Liv. 21, 35 fin.: saxa arrectiora, Sol. c. 14.

bĭvĭus, a, um, adj. [bis-via], having two ways or passages (rare;

not in Cic.): fauces,

Verg. A. 11, 516.—So, calles, Val. Fl. 5, 395: di, deae, worshipped at cross-roads, Inscr. Orell. 2105.—Hence, substt.

bĭvĭi (sc. di), Inscr. Orell. 389; 2104.—

bĭvĭum, i, n., a place with two ways, or where two ways meet.

Lit.:

in bivio portae,

Verg. A. 9, 238:

ad bivia consistere,

Liv. 38, 45, 8; Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; Vulg. Marc. 11, 4.—

Trop.: bivium nobis ad culturam dedit natura, experientiam et imitationem, a twofold means or method, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 7.—Of a twofold love, Ov. R. Am. 486.

bĭvĭus, a, um, adj. [bis-via], having two ways or passages (rare;

not in Cic.): fauces,

Verg. A. 11, 516.—So, calles, Val. Fl. 5, 395: di, deae, worshipped at cross-roads, Inscr. Orell. 2105.—Hence, substt.

bĭvĭi (sc. di), Inscr. Orell. 389; 2104.—

bĭvĭum, i, n., a place with two ways, or where two ways meet.

Lit.:

in bivio portae,

Verg. A. 9, 238:

ad bivia consistere,

Liv. 38, 45, 8; Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; Vulg. Marc. 11, 4.—

Trop.: bivium nobis ad culturam dedit natura, experientiam et imitationem, a twofold means or method, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 7.—Of a twofold love, Ov. R. Am. 486.

bĭvĭus, a, um, adj. [bis-via], having two ways or passages (rare;

not in Cic.): fauces,

Verg. A. 11, 516.—So, calles, Val. Fl. 5, 395: di, deae, worshipped at cross-roads, Inscr. Orell. 2105.—Hence, substt.

bĭvĭi (sc. di), Inscr. Orell. 389; 2104.—

bĭvĭum, i, n., a place with two ways, or where two ways meet.

Lit.:

in bivio portae,

Verg. A. 9, 238:

ad bivia consistere,

Liv. 38, 45, 8; Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; Vulg. Marc. 11, 4.—

Trop.: bivium nobis ad culturam dedit natura, experientiam et imitationem, a twofold means or method, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 7.—Of a twofold love, Ov. R. Am. 486.

călĭdus and caldus, a, um, adj. (contr. access. form caldus in the anteAug. per. is freq. only in Cato and Varr.; Lucr. and Cic. use only calidus; acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 19, caldus appears to have been predom. in the Aug. per., though used by Aug. poets only when demanded by the rules of prosody, as comp. caldior, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53) [caleo, like fervidus, frigidus, from ferveo, etc., aridus from areo, etc.], warm, hot.

Lit.:

fons luce diurnă Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 850; 6, 749; 6, 888:

corpora secreta omnino calidi vaporis,

devoid of warmth, id. 2, 844; 2, 858; 3, 127; 3, 216; 5, 568; 5, 595; 5, 796; 6, 859;

6, 949 al.: fervor,

id. 6, 657; 5, 604:

fornaces,

id. 6, 148:

lavacra,

id. 6, 800:

corpus,

id. 6, 856:

febres,

id. 2, 34.—As epitheton ornans with ignis, Lucr. 1, 648; 1, 1087; 2, 431; 6, 516; 6, 689;

with flamma,

id. 3, 903:

omne quod est calidum et igneum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calidior est enim, vel potius ardentior, animus, quam hic aër,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

calidissimae hiemes,

Vitr. 2, 1:

aestas,

Sen. Hippol. 765:

dies,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152; Quint. 11, 3, 27.—Contr. form in agro caldo, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; 6, 2:

sole caldo,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1:

calda puls,

id. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.— Comp.:

caldior est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 53.— Prop. nom.: Călĭdae Ăquae, = /(gdata Therma, Hot Springs, a bathing place in Zeugitana, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9.—

Subst.

călĭda ( calda), ae, f. (sc. aqua), warm water, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; cf. Just. 44, 2, 6;

contr. calda,

Col. 6, 13 fin.; 6, 30, 5; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83; Sen. Ep. 77, 9; 83, 5; Mart. 1, 12.—

călĭ-dum ( caldum), i, n., = to thermon (sc. hudôr), a hot drink (a mixture of wine and boiling hot water), Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14:

calix a caldo, quod in eo calda puls apponebatur et caldum eo bibebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—

Trop.

In gen., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement (of living beings, only in the poets):

equus calidus animis,

of a fiery spirit, Verg. G. 3, 119:

redemptor,

eager, active, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 72:

calidus juventă,

id. C. 3, 14, 27:

caldior est,

id. S. 1, 3, 53:

rixa,

id. C. 3, 27, 70.—

Esp. freq. (also in prose): consilium, of a conclusion made under excitement, inconsiderate, hasty, rash = temerarium, praeceps (v. Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; Doed. Syn. II. p. 124; cf. also Lidd. and Scott under thermos):

reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis et splendidiora et majora videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 82; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2:

agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora,

Liv. 22, 24, 2:

consilia calida et audacia primă specie laeta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia esse,

id. 35, 32, 13; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; cf.:

calidoque habitata Gradivo Pectora,

Sil. 15, 337 Drak. ad loc.—Hence,

As a Roman proper name, Caldus ( hot-head):

idcirco aliquem Caldum (al. Calidium) vocari, quod temerario et repentino consilio sit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 28.—So C. Caelius Caldus, Cic. Fam. 2, 19.—

With the prevailing idea of haste, quick, ready, prompt (rare;

perh. only anteclass.): huic homini opus est quadraginta minis celeriter calidis,

quickly procured, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 39: pedes, Varr. ap. Non. p. 263, 20.—Esp.: consilium, quick, ready device or plan:

reperiamus aliquid calidi conducibilis consili,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

reperi, comminiscere, cedo calidum consilium cito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 73 Brix. ad loc.; cf.:

calidum hercle audivi esse optumum mendacium,

id. Most. 3, 1, 136.—Hence, * adv.: călĭdē, quickly, promptly, etc.:

calide quicquid acturus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 99.

călĭdus and caldus, a, um, adj. (contr. access. form caldus in the anteAug. per. is freq. only in Cato and Varr.; Lucr. and Cic. use only calidus; acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 19, caldus appears to have been predom. in the Aug. per., though used by Aug. poets only when demanded by the rules of prosody, as comp. caldior, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53) [caleo, like fervidus, frigidus, from ferveo, etc., aridus from areo, etc.], warm, hot.

Lit.:

fons luce diurnă Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 850; 6, 749; 6, 888:

corpora secreta omnino calidi vaporis,

devoid of warmth, id. 2, 844; 2, 858; 3, 127; 3, 216; 5, 568; 5, 595; 5, 796; 6, 859;

6, 949 al.: fervor,

id. 6, 657; 5, 604:

fornaces,

id. 6, 148:

lavacra,

id. 6, 800:

corpus,

id. 6, 856:

febres,

id. 2, 34.—As epitheton ornans with ignis, Lucr. 1, 648; 1, 1087; 2, 431; 6, 516; 6, 689;

with flamma,

id. 3, 903:

omne quod est calidum et igneum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calidior est enim, vel potius ardentior, animus, quam hic aër,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

calidissimae hiemes,

Vitr. 2, 1:

aestas,

Sen. Hippol. 765:

dies,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152; Quint. 11, 3, 27.—Contr. form in agro caldo, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; 6, 2:

sole caldo,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1:

calda puls,

id. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.— Comp.:

caldior est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 53.— Prop. nom.: Călĭdae Ăquae, = /(gdata Therma, Hot Springs, a bathing place in Zeugitana, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9.—

Subst.

călĭda ( calda), ae, f. (sc. aqua), warm water, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; cf. Just. 44, 2, 6;

contr. calda,

Col. 6, 13 fin.; 6, 30, 5; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83; Sen. Ep. 77, 9; 83, 5; Mart. 1, 12.—

călĭ-dum ( caldum), i, n., = to thermon (sc. hudôr), a hot drink (a mixture of wine and boiling hot water), Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14:

calix a caldo, quod in eo calda puls apponebatur et caldum eo bibebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—

Trop.

In gen., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement (of living beings, only in the poets):

equus calidus animis,

of a fiery spirit, Verg. G. 3, 119:

redemptor,

eager, active, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 72:

calidus juventă,

id. C. 3, 14, 27:

caldior est,

id. S. 1, 3, 53:

rixa,

id. C. 3, 27, 70.—

Esp. freq. (also in prose): consilium, of a conclusion made under excitement, inconsiderate, hasty, rash = temerarium, praeceps (v. Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; Doed. Syn. II. p. 124; cf. also Lidd. and Scott under thermos):

reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis et splendidiora et majora videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 82; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2:

agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora,

Liv. 22, 24, 2:

consilia calida et audacia primă specie laeta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia esse,

id. 35, 32, 13; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; cf.:

calidoque habitata Gradivo Pectora,

Sil. 15, 337 Drak. ad loc.—Hence,

As a Roman proper name, Caldus ( hot-head):

idcirco aliquem Caldum (al. Calidium) vocari, quod temerario et repentino consilio sit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 28.—So C. Caelius Caldus, Cic. Fam. 2, 19.—

With the prevailing idea of haste, quick, ready, prompt (rare;

perh. only anteclass.): huic homini opus est quadraginta minis celeriter calidis,

quickly procured, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 39: pedes, Varr. ap. Non. p. 263, 20.—Esp.: consilium, quick, ready device or plan:

reperiamus aliquid calidi conducibilis consili,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

reperi, comminiscere, cedo calidum consilium cito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 73 Brix. ad loc.; cf.:

calidum hercle audivi esse optumum mendacium,

id. Most. 3, 1, 136.—Hence, * adv.: călĭdē, quickly, promptly, etc.:

calide quicquid acturus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 99.

călĭdus and caldus, a, um, adj. (contr. access. form caldus in the anteAug. per. is freq. only in Cato and Varr.; Lucr. and Cic. use only calidus; acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 19, caldus appears to have been predom. in the Aug. per., though used by Aug. poets only when demanded by the rules of prosody, as comp. caldior, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53) [caleo, like fervidus, frigidus, from ferveo, etc., aridus from areo, etc.], warm, hot.

Lit.:

fons luce diurnă Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 850; 6, 749; 6, 888:

corpora secreta omnino calidi vaporis,

devoid of warmth, id. 2, 844; 2, 858; 3, 127; 3, 216; 5, 568; 5, 595; 5, 796; 6, 859;

6, 949 al.: fervor,

id. 6, 657; 5, 604:

fornaces,

id. 6, 148:

lavacra,

id. 6, 800:

corpus,

id. 6, 856:

febres,

id. 2, 34.—As epitheton ornans with ignis, Lucr. 1, 648; 1, 1087; 2, 431; 6, 516; 6, 689;

with flamma,

id. 3, 903:

omne quod est calidum et igneum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calidior est enim, vel potius ardentior, animus, quam hic aër,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

calidissimae hiemes,

Vitr. 2, 1:

aestas,

Sen. Hippol. 765:

dies,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152; Quint. 11, 3, 27.—Contr. form in agro caldo, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; 6, 2:

sole caldo,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1:

calda puls,

id. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.— Comp.:

caldior est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 53.— Prop. nom.: Călĭdae Ăquae, = /(gdata Therma, Hot Springs, a bathing place in Zeugitana, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9.—

Subst.

călĭda ( calda), ae, f. (sc. aqua), warm water, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; cf. Just. 44, 2, 6;

contr. calda,

Col. 6, 13 fin.; 6, 30, 5; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83; Sen. Ep. 77, 9; 83, 5; Mart. 1, 12.—

călĭ-dum ( caldum), i, n., = to thermon (sc. hudôr), a hot drink (a mixture of wine and boiling hot water), Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14:

calix a caldo, quod in eo calda puls apponebatur et caldum eo bibebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—

Trop.

In gen., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement (of living beings, only in the poets):

equus calidus animis,

of a fiery spirit, Verg. G. 3, 119:

redemptor,

eager, active, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 72:

calidus juventă,

id. C. 3, 14, 27:

caldior est,

id. S. 1, 3, 53:

rixa,

id. C. 3, 27, 70.—

Esp. freq. (also in prose): consilium, of a conclusion made under excitement, inconsiderate, hasty, rash = temerarium, praeceps (v. Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; Doed. Syn. II. p. 124; cf. also Lidd. and Scott under thermos):

reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis et splendidiora et majora videantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 82; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2:

agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora,

Liv. 22, 24, 2:

consilia calida et audacia primă specie laeta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia esse,

id. 35, 32, 13; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; cf.:

calidoque habitata Gradivo Pectora,

Sil. 15, 337 Drak. ad loc.—Hence,

As a Roman proper name, Caldus ( hot-head):

idcirco aliquem Caldum (al. Calidium) vocari, quod temerario et repentino consilio sit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 28.—So C. Caelius Caldus, Cic. Fam. 2, 19.—

With the prevailing idea of haste, quick, ready, prompt (rare;

perh. only anteclass.): huic homini opus est quadraginta minis celeriter calidis,

quickly procured, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 39: pedes, Varr. ap. Non. p. 263, 20.—Esp.: consilium, quick, ready device or plan:

reperiamus aliquid calidi conducibilis consili,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

reperi, comminiscere, cedo calidum consilium cito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 73 Brix. ad loc.; cf.:

calidum hercle audivi esse optumum mendacium,

id. Most. 3, 1, 136.—Hence, * adv.: călĭdē, quickly, promptly, etc.:

calide quicquid acturus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 99.

căvus, a, um, adj. [root ku-, kueô, to swell, etc.; cf.: koilos, kenos], hollow, excavated, concave (opp. plenus, full, round; class.).

Prop.:

cava conveniant plenis,

Lucr. 6, 1085:

cicutae,

id. 5, 1383:

tibia,

id. 2, 620:

concha,

Verg. A. 6, 171:

aes,

id. ib. 3, 240:

testudo,

id. G. 4, 464; Hor. Epod. 14, 11:

bucina,

Ov. M. 1, 335 et saep.:

ungula,

Enn. Ann. 419 Vahl.:

fornaces,

Lucr. 7, 202:

montes,

id. 5, 955:

specus,

Enn. Ann. 420 Vahl.:

cavernae,

Verg. A. 2, 53:

trabs,

id. ib. 3, 191 et saep.:

trunci,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 12:

ilex,

id. Epod. 16, 47:

saxa,

id. C. 3, 13, 14 et saep.:

vena,

the hollow vein, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

nubes,

Lucr. 6, 127; 6, 176; 6, 272; Verg. A. 1, 516; 5, 810 al.—Hence also of a darkness enveloping one as a cloud:

umbra,

Verg. A. 2, 360:

flumina,

the deepchannelled mountain streams, id. G. 1, 326; 4, 427; cf. Luc. 1, 396: luna, waning (cf. cavo), Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 215.—

Subst.: căvum, i, n. (access. form căvus, i, m. (sc. locus), Varr. R. R. 3, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 6, 116; id. Ep. 1, 7, 33; Phaedr. 4, 6, 3; Col. 12, 8), a hollow, cavity, hole, Cato, R. R. 128; Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 49; Lucr. 5, 1382; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Verg. G. 1, 184; Hor. S. 2, 3, 173; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 192; 11, 51, 112, § 266 et saep.:

cava caeli,

Enn. Trag. 131 Vahl.; cf.:

cava caerula,

id. ib. 332 Vahl.; hence, căvum aedĭum (contr. căvae-dĭum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 5), the inner court of Roman houses (cf. Vitr. 6, 3 Schneid.;

O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 255, and Archaeol. § 293, III.),

Varr. L. L. 5, § 161; Vitr. 6, 3; Dict. of Antiq.—

In late Lat., trop.: menses, which have only 30 days (opp. menses pleni, which have 31 days), Censor. 20.—

= inanis, vain, empty:

gloria,

Paul. Nol. Carm. 22, 139:

opes,

id. ib. 21, 912.

căvus, a, um, adj. [root ku-, kueô, to swell, etc.; cf.: koilos, kenos], hollow, excavated, concave (opp. plenus, full, round; class.).

Prop.:

cava conveniant plenis,

Lucr. 6, 1085:

cicutae,

id. 5, 1383:

tibia,

id. 2, 620:

concha,

Verg. A. 6, 171:

aes,

id. ib. 3, 240:

testudo,

id. G. 4, 464; Hor. Epod. 14, 11:

bucina,

Ov. M. 1, 335 et saep.:

ungula,

Enn. Ann. 419 Vahl.:

fornaces,

Lucr. 7, 202:

montes,

id. 5, 955:

specus,

Enn. Ann. 420 Vahl.:

cavernae,

Verg. A. 2, 53:

trabs,

id. ib. 3, 191 et saep.:

trunci,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 12:

ilex,

id. Epod. 16, 47:

saxa,

id. C. 3, 13, 14 et saep.:

vena,

the hollow vein, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

nubes,

Lucr. 6, 127; 6, 176; 6, 272; Verg. A. 1, 516; 5, 810 al.—Hence also of a darkness enveloping one as a cloud:

umbra,

Verg. A. 2, 360:

flumina,

the deepchannelled mountain streams, id. G. 1, 326; 4, 427; cf. Luc. 1, 396: luna, waning (cf. cavo), Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 215.—

Subst.: căvum, i, n. (access. form căvus, i, m. (sc. locus), Varr. R. R. 3, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 6, 116; id. Ep. 1, 7, 33; Phaedr. 4, 6, 3; Col. 12, 8), a hollow, cavity, hole, Cato, R. R. 128; Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 49; Lucr. 5, 1382; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Verg. G. 1, 184; Hor. S. 2, 3, 173; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 192; 11, 51, 112, § 266 et saep.:

cava caeli,

Enn. Trag. 131 Vahl.; cf.:

cava caerula,

id. ib. 332 Vahl.; hence, căvum aedĭum (contr. căvae-dĭum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 5), the inner court of Roman houses (cf. Vitr. 6, 3 Schneid.;

O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 255, and Archaeol. § 293, III.),

Varr. L. L. 5, § 161; Vitr. 6, 3; Dict. of Antiq.—

In late Lat., trop.: menses, which have only 30 days (opp. menses pleni, which have 31 days), Censor. 20.—

= inanis, vain, empty:

gloria,

Paul. Nol. Carm. 22, 139:

opes,

id. ib. 21, 912.

cēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (contract. form of the gen. plur. part. pass. celatum = celatorum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15 Ritschl N. cr.) [cf. caligo], to hide something from one, to keep secret, to conceal; constr.,

With a double acc., as in Gr kruptô tina ti; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 391 (class. in prose and poetry): neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas;

sed cum, quod tu scias, id ignorare emolumenti tui causā velis eos, quorum intersit id scire, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 57:

te atque alios partum ut celaret suum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 24:

ea ne me celet, consuefeci filium,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 29; id. Hec. 3, 1, 40:

non te celavi sermonem T. Ampii,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3:

iter omnis celat,

Nep. Eum. 8, 7:

ut tegat hoc celetque viros,

Ov. F. 4, 149.—Rare, aliquem de aliquā re:

de armis, de ferro, de insidiis celare te noluit?

Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; id. Fam. 7, 20, 3 (more freq. in pass.: v. the foll.).— Pass.: celor rem, but more freq. celor hoc, illud, etc., something is concealed from me:

nosne hoc celatos tam diu,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 23:

sed tamen indicabo tibi quod mehercule inprimis celatum volebam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4.—More freq. celor de re:

non est profecto de illo veneno celata mater,

Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

credo celatum esse Cassium de Sullā uno,

id. Sull. 13, 39:

debes existimare te maximis de rebus a fratre esse celatum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

quod neque celari Alexandrini possent in apparanda fugā, Auct. B. Alex. 7.— More rare, mihi res celatur: id Alcibiadi diutius celari non potuit,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2 (al. Alcibiades).—

With one acc.

With acc. of the direct object: aliquid, to conceal, hide, cover; and of persons: aliquem, to hide, conceal one.

Aliquid (so most freq.):

celem tam insperatum gaudium?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 5:

iras,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 11:

sententiam,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60: crudelia consilia dulci formā, * Cat. 64, 175:

perjuria,

Tib. 1, 9, 3:

factum,

Verg. A. 1, 351:

aurum,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 42:

fontium origines,

id. ib. 4, 14, 45:

sol diem qui Promis et celas,

id. C. S. 10:

manibus uterum,

to conceal by covering, Ov. M. 2, 463:

vultus manibus,

id. ib. 4, 683.—With dat. (locat.) of place:

sacra alia terrae celavimus,

Liv. 5. 5, 1, § 9 Weissenb. ad loc. (al. terrā).— Pass.:

quod celatum est atque occultatum usque adhuc,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 10; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 127:

quod turpiter factum celari poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5:

armorum tertia pars celata,

id. ib. 2, 32 fin.:

amor celatus,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

ut celetur consuetio,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 28; so Lucr. 1, 904; 5, 1159; Tib. 1, 2, 34; Prop. 3 (4), 25, 11; Hor. C. 4, 9, 30; Ov. M. 9, 516 et saep.—

Aliquem, to hide, conceal one:

plerosque hi qui receperant, celant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

aliquem silvis,

Verg. A. 10, 417; cf. id. ib. 6, 443:

fugitivum,

Dig. 11, 4, 1:

se tenebris,

Verg. A. 9, 425:

a domino,

Dig. 21, 1, 17 pr.— Pass.:

diu celari (virgo) non potest,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 20:

celabitur auctor,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 11:

capillamento celatus,

Suet. Calig. 11; cf. id. Dom. 1.—

With acc. of the remote object: celare aliquem (diff. from the preced.), to conceal, hide from one:

Jovis hospitalis numen numquam celare potuisset, homines fortasse celavisset,

Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; so id. Off. 3, 13, 57; Ov. H. 18, 13 al.— Pass.:

celabar, excludebar,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 12; id. Fam. 5, 19, 2; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15 (16), 5:

non ego celari possum, quid, etc.,

Tib. 1, 8, 1.—

Absol.:

non est celandum,

Nep. Att. 12, 2:

celatum indagator,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15.—P. a. as subst.: cēlāta, ōrum, n., secrets:

et celata omnia Paene pessum dedit,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 127.

cēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (contract. form of the gen. plur. part. pass. celatum = celatorum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15 Ritschl N. cr.) [cf. caligo], to hide something from one, to keep secret, to conceal; constr.,

With a double acc., as in Gr kruptô tina ti; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 391 (class. in prose and poetry): neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas;

sed cum, quod tu scias, id ignorare emolumenti tui causā velis eos, quorum intersit id scire, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 57:

te atque alios partum ut celaret suum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 24:

ea ne me celet, consuefeci filium,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 29; id. Hec. 3, 1, 40:

non te celavi sermonem T. Ampii,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3:

iter omnis celat,

Nep. Eum. 8, 7:

ut tegat hoc celetque viros,

Ov. F. 4, 149.—Rare, aliquem de aliquā re:

de armis, de ferro, de insidiis celare te noluit?

Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; id. Fam. 7, 20, 3 (more freq. in pass.: v. the foll.).— Pass.: celor rem, but more freq. celor hoc, illud, etc., something is concealed from me:

nosne hoc celatos tam diu,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 23:

sed tamen indicabo tibi quod mehercule inprimis celatum volebam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4.—More freq. celor de re:

non est profecto de illo veneno celata mater,

Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

credo celatum esse Cassium de Sullā uno,

id. Sull. 13, 39:

debes existimare te maximis de rebus a fratre esse celatum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

quod neque celari Alexandrini possent in apparanda fugā, Auct. B. Alex. 7.— More rare, mihi res celatur: id Alcibiadi diutius celari non potuit,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2 (al. Alcibiades).—

With one acc.

With acc. of the direct object: aliquid, to conceal, hide, cover; and of persons: aliquem, to hide, conceal one.

Aliquid (so most freq.):

celem tam insperatum gaudium?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 5:

iras,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 11:

sententiam,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60: crudelia consilia dulci formā, * Cat. 64, 175:

perjuria,

Tib. 1, 9, 3:

factum,

Verg. A. 1, 351:

aurum,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 42:

fontium origines,

id. ib. 4, 14, 45:

sol diem qui Promis et celas,

id. C. S. 10:

manibus uterum,

to conceal by covering, Ov. M. 2, 463:

vultus manibus,

id. ib. 4, 683.—With dat. (locat.) of place:

sacra alia terrae celavimus,

Liv. 5. 5, 1, § 9 Weissenb. ad loc. (al. terrā).— Pass.:

quod celatum est atque occultatum usque adhuc,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 10; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 127:

quod turpiter factum celari poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5:

armorum tertia pars celata,

id. ib. 2, 32 fin.:

amor celatus,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

ut celetur consuetio,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 28; so Lucr. 1, 904; 5, 1159; Tib. 1, 2, 34; Prop. 3 (4), 25, 11; Hor. C. 4, 9, 30; Ov. M. 9, 516 et saep.—

Aliquem, to hide, conceal one:

plerosque hi qui receperant, celant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

aliquem silvis,

Verg. A. 10, 417; cf. id. ib. 6, 443:

fugitivum,

Dig. 11, 4, 1:

se tenebris,

Verg. A. 9, 425:

a domino,

Dig. 21, 1, 17 pr.— Pass.:

diu celari (virgo) non potest,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 20:

celabitur auctor,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 11:

capillamento celatus,

Suet. Calig. 11; cf. id. Dom. 1.—

With acc. of the remote object: celare aliquem (diff. from the preced.), to conceal, hide from one:

Jovis hospitalis numen numquam celare potuisset, homines fortasse celavisset,

Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; so id. Off. 3, 13, 57; Ov. H. 18, 13 al.— Pass.:

celabar, excludebar,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 12; id. Fam. 5, 19, 2; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15 (16), 5:

non ego celari possum, quid, etc.,

Tib. 1, 8, 1.—

Absol.:

non est celandum,

Nep. Att. 12, 2:

celatum indagator,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15.—P. a. as subst.: cēlāta, ōrum, n., secrets:

et celata omnia Paene pessum dedit,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 127.

cēra, ae, f. [Sanscr. kar-, to scatter, throw away; cf. Gr. krinô; Lat. cerno; Gr. kêros; cf. sincerus], wax, Lucr. 6, 516; 6, 966; Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 177: id. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; Col. 9, 15, 8; 9, 16, 1; Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 83 sq. et saep.; Verg. E. 2, 32.—In plur., the wax cells of the hives, Verg. G. 4, 57; 4, 162; 4, 241; Col. 9, 15; 9, 7 sq.; Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 118 al.—

Meton., acc. to its diff. uses.

Most freq., a writing-tablet covered with wax, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 59; id. Curc. 3, 40; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 62; Ov. M. 9, 521; Liv. 1, 24, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 27; 10, 3, 31; 11, 2, 32; Suet. Caes. 83 al. —Hence, prima, secunda, etc., cera, the first, etc., leaf or page, Suet. Ner. 17; Hor. S. 2, 5, 54; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92.—

A seal of wax, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Fl. 16, 37; Ov. Am. 2, 15, 16; Plin. 2, 51, 52, § 137.—

A waxen image of an ancestor, a wax figure:

cera illa (sc. majorum imaginum) atque figura,

Sall. J. 4, 6; Ov. F. 1, 591; Juv. 8, 19; cf.:

expressi cerā voltus,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6.—

Wax used in encaustic painting, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 4 Schneid.; Plin. 35, 7, 31, § 49; id. 35, 11, 39, § 122; and 35, 11, 41, § 149; Stat. S. 1, 1, 100.

ceu, adv. [contr. from ce-ve, like neu and seu, from neve and sive], a particle of equality or comparison, as, like as, just as (in the ante-Aug. per., peculiar to more elevated poetry;

later also in prose, in Seneca and Suet., and esp. freq. in Plin. H. N.): pars vertere terga, ceu quondam petiere rates,

Verg. A. 6, 492:

ceu talpae,

Plin. 9, 6, 7, § 17:

ceu notamus in muscis,

id. 11, 48, 108, § 258; so id. 9, 37, 61, § 132; Suet. Vit. 17; Plin. 19, 12, 62, § 187.—

In poet. comparisons (hence, haud aliter follows in a corresponding clause, Verg. A. 9, 797; 10, 360, or sic, id. ib. 10, 729), like, as, like as:

tenuis fugit ceu fumus in auras,

Verg. A. 5, 740; so id. G. 3, 542; * Cat. 64, 239:

Hecuba et natae... Praecipites atrā ceu tempestate columbae,... sedebant,

Verg. A. 2, 516; * Hor. C. 4, 4, 43:

ceu nubibus arcus Mille jacit varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 5, 88; so id. ib. 5, 527.—

With cum, as when, Verg. G. 1, 303: 4, 96; id. A. 7, 673; 9, 30; 9, 792; 10, 97; Sen. Q. N. 6, 24, 4.—

With si (twice in Lucr.), Lucr. 4, 620; 6, 161.—

Sometimes in a conditional sense, as if, as it were, like as if, etc., Enn. ap. Non. p. 483, 2:

Thesea ceu pulsae ventorum flamine nubes Aërium nivei montis liquere cacumen,

Cat. 64, 239:

per aperta volans, ceu liber habenis, Aequora,

Verg. G. 3, 194; Plin. 2, 28, 28, § 98; 9, 37, 61, § 132; 34, 18, 54, § 175; Suet. Tib. 52; Stat. Th. 1, 320.— Hence, with a subj.:

ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

Verg. A. 2, 438; Sil. 2, 378; Stat. S. 3, 1, 6; id. Th. 2, 417; Plin. 16, 10, 18. § 41; 31, 1, 1, § 2; 34, 6, 13, § 28 al.—

In the Nat. Hist. of Pliny sometimes ceu vero = quasi vero, in refuting another's opinion, as if, just as if: ceu vero nesciam adversus Theophrastum scripsisse etiam feminam, Plin. praef. § 29; 7, 55, 56, § 188; 11, 39, 92, § 226; 12, 1, 5, § 11 al.; cf. upon this word, Hand, Turs. II. pp. 45-49.

circŭlus, i, m. (contr. circlus, like vinclum = vinculum, Verg. G. 3, 166) [kindred with kirkos, kuklos, circinus], a circular figure, a circle: circulus aut orbis, qui kuklos Graece dicitur, Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 47:

muri exterior,

Liv. 36, 9, 12:

circulus ad speciem caelestis arcūs orbem solis ambiit,

Suet. Aug. 95.—

Esp.

In astronomy, a circular course, orbit:

stellae circulos suos orbesque conficiunt celeritate mirabili,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

aequinoctialis, solstitialis, septentrionalis,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 24; Ov. M. 2, 516:

lacteus,

the Milky Way, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 91; 18, 29, 69, § 230:

signifer,

Vitr. 6, 1, 1; 9, 8, 8.—

In geog., a zone or belt of the eartb's surface:

plura sunt segmenta mundi, quae nostri circulos appellavere, Graeci parallelos,

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 212 sqq.—

Trop., of time:

mensis artiore praecingitur circulo,

Sen. Ep. 12, 6. —

Meton.

Any circular body; a ring, necklace, hoop, chain, Verg. A. 5, 559; 10, 138; id. G. 3, 166; Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 132; Suet. Aug 80.—

A circle or company for social intercourse (very freq.):

in conviviis rodunt, in circulis vellicant,

Cic. Balb. 26, 57;

so with convivia also,

Liv. 32, 20, 3; 34, 61, 5; 44, 22, 8; Domit. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 105; Tac. A. 3, 54; Nep. Epam. 3, 3; Mart. 2, 86, 11; 10, 62, 5:

cir culos aliquos et sessiunculas consectarl,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 per fora et circulos locuti sunt, Tac Agr 43; cf Quint. 12, 10, 74:

quemcumque patrem familias arripuissetis ex aliquo circulo,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 159; 1, 38, 174:

de circulo se subducere,

to withdraw from the assembly, id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 1; Quint. 2, 12 10; cf.:

densa circumstantium corona latissimum judicium multiplici circulo ambibat,

Plin. Ep 6, 33, 3.

clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [Sanscr. kar-, to celebrate; Gr. kaleô, klêtos; cf.: clarus, classis, nomenclator, concilium].

Neutr., to call, cry out, shout aloud, to complain with a loud voice, vociferari (class. and very freq.; mostly of human beings): populus convolat; Tumultuantur, clamant, pugnant de loco, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 33:

dic mihi, Non clamas? non insanis?

id. Ad. 4, 7, 9; cf. id. ib. 5, 3, 3; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 59:

clamare de pecuniā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 7, § 17 al. —Of a vehement bawling before a tribunal:

qui quid in dicendo posset, numquam satis attendi: in clamando quidem video eum esse bene robustum atque exercitatum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48.—In comedy, of snoring: dormit Sceledrus intus? Lu. Non naso quidem:

Nam eo magnum clamat,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10 al. —

Transf., of animals and things;

of geese: anseres, qui tantummodo clamant, nocere non possunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.—Of the chirping of a cricket:

(cicada) multo validius clamare occoepit,

Phaedr. 3, 16, 7.—Of the roaring of waters, the rustling of trees, etc., Sil. 4, 526; 9, 516; Stat. Th. 10, 94:

clamant amnes, freta, nubila silvae,

id. ib. 11, 116.—

Also of abstract things (cf. under II. B.): et non ulla meo clamat in ore fides?

i. e. does my sincerity never plainly proclaim itself in my voice? Prop. 1, 18, 18.—But esp. freq.,

Act., to call or cry aloud to something or some one, to proclaim, declare, to invoke, call upon, etc., = exclamare; constr. with acc. of the person or thing, or a clause as object, in direct and (more freq.) in indirect discourse.

With acc.: e somno pueros clamo, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.; so,

janitorem,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 11:

comites,

Ov. M. 6, 106:

matrem ore,

id. ib. 5, 398; cf.:

ora clamantia nomen,

id. ib. 8, 229;

11, 665: morientem nomine,

Verg. A. 4, 674.—With two accs.:

se causam crimenque,

Verg. A. 12, 600:

me deum,

Prop. 3 (4), 9, 46:

te insanum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 130:

aliquem furem,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 36; Curt. 4, 16, 15.—With acc. rei:

divūm atque hominum fidem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 20:

aquas,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 58:

triumphum,

Ov. Am. 1, 2, 25:

Saturnalia,

Liv. 22, 1, 20:

pulchre! bene! recte!

Hor. A. P. 428.—

With a clause as object, in direct discourse (mostly poet.):

ad me omnes clamant: Janua culpa tua est,

Cat. 67, 14; so Ov. F. 4, 452; Hor. S. 2, 3, 62; id. Ep. 1, 17, 48; 1, 19, 47; id. A. P. 460; Suet. Caes. 82; Sen. Ep. 27, 1 al.—

With a clause as object, in indirect discourse:

clamant omnes indignissime Factum esse,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 11:

quid facto esset opus puerperae... illis clamat de viā,

id. And. 3, 2, 11; Cic. Mur. 37, 78:

solos felices viventes clamat in urbe,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 12.—

With final clause:

clamare coeperunt, sibi ut haberet hereditatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 47; Dig. 29, 5, 1, § 55:

clamans in hostem, ne rex Croesus occideretur,

Gell. 5, 9, 2.—

Trop., of abstract things, to proclaim, declare:

quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Archidemides Clamaret dempturum esse, si quid crederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; cf.:

eum ipsum (sc. Regulum) clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam potantem in rosā Thorium,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 65; 4, 19, 55:

quae (tabulae) se corruptas atque interlitas esse clamant,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 104; Cat. 6, 7:

quid enim restipulatio clamat?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 13, 37; id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; cf. clamito, Il.

Clărŏs, i, f., = Klaros, a small town in Ionia, near Colophon, celebrated for a temple and an oracle of Apollo, now the village Zilleh, Ov M. 1, 516; cf. Tac. A. 2, 54.— Hence,

Clărĭus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Claros, Clarian.

As an epithet of Apollo:

Clarii Apollinis fanum, specus, oraculum, simulacrum,

Mel. 1, 17, 2; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 232; Tac. A. 2, 54; 12, 22:

deus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 80; id. M. 11, 413; id. F. 1, 20.— Subst.: Clărĭus, ii, m., Apollo, Verg. A. 3, 360 Serv.; Stat. Th. 8, 199.—

As an epithet of the poet Antimachus. of Colophon (prob. since claros was near Colophon, and, as devoted to Apollo, it appeared a suitable appel. of a poet), Ov. Tr. 1, 6, 1 Jahn (but in Cic. Brut. 51, 191, the best read. is: Antimachum, clarum poëtam).