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  • 1 History of volleyball

    ________________________________________
    William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball
    ________________________________________
    William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".
    The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.
    His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.
    ________________________________________
    ________________________________________
    In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!
    The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.
    Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.
    In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.
    During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.
    On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.
    In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.
    1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.
    1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba
    1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports
    1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico
    1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay
    1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games
    1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to Brazil
    In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".
    1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.
    In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
    1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.
    In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
    In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.
    In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.
    1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American life
    In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
    In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.
    In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.
    Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass
    1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organized
    In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.
    In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
    In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
    1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.
    1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries
    1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball
    1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.
    1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.
    1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)
    1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California
    1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.
    In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
    The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.
    In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
    1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.
    1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.
    In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
    In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).
    In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).
    In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
    In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.
    In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
    In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.
    In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.
    In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.
    In 1990, the World League was created.
    In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.
    In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.
    In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!
    In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the Olympics
    There is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.
    ________________________________________
    Copyright (c)Volleyball World Wide
    Volleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWW
    http://www.Volleyball.ORG/

    English-Albanian dictionary > History of volleyball

  • 2 back

    [bæk] n., adj., adv.,v. -n 1. shpinë, kurriz; on one's back në shpinë
    2. shpinë (e dorës, karriges, shtëpisë, librit); mbështetëse
    3. fund; at the very back në fund fare (të oborrit); at the back of beyond në fund të botës
    4. sport. mbrojtës
    ● at the back of sb, at sb's back në mbështetje të dikujt
    ● do/say sth behind sb's back them diçka pas shpine
    ● get off sb's back i hiqem qafe dikujt
    ● glad to see the back of sb i kënaqur që më hiqet sysh dikush
    ● with one's back to the wall me shpatulla pas murit
    ● be on one's back jam i sëmurë, kam zënë shtratin
    ● put one's back into sth i futem një pune me gjithë shpirt
    ● turn one's back on sb i kthej shpinën/krahët dikujt
    -adj 1. i prapëm, i pasëm; back yard oborr i prapmë
    2. i prapambetur; i papaguar; back debts borxhe të prapambetura
    3. i kaluar; the back numbers of a newspaper numrat e kaluar të një gazete
    -adv 1. prapa; pas; back and forth poshtë e lart
    2. prap; be back kthehem; call him back thirre prap
    3. mbrapsht; answer back kthej fjalë
    4. më parë; some years back disa vjet më parë
    ● go back (up) on/from one's word e ha fjalën
    ● have/get one's own back (on sb) i marr hakun (dikujt)
    -v 1. zmbrapsem
    2. zmbraps; back the car into the garage fus makinën mbrapsht në garazh
    3. mbështes, përkrah; ndihmoj; back a loser a) fig. mbroj një çështje të humbur; b) treg. i vë paratë me humbje
    4. vë bast për
    5. nënshkruaj; back a bill /note nënshkruaj një dëftesë, e vërtetoj me firmë
    6. forcoj, përforcoj (një mur); i ngjis/i forcoj kapakun (librit)
    7. fin. financoj; garantoj
    8. kthen në drejtim të kundërt (era)
    9. vesh, mvesh; backed with sheet iron i veshur me llamarinë
    ● back and fill [bæk ænd, ënd fill] a) ecën parambrapa (makina); b) gj.fol. ngurroj; ndryshoj mendje
    ● back water [bæk 'wotë:] a) i jap mbrapsht (varkës); b) ndërroj drejtim; ndërroj mendim; tërhiqem
    ● back away [bæk ë'wei] zmbrapsem; tërhiqem
    ● back down [bæk daun] a) zbres mbrapsht (nga krevati); b) fig. shfryhem
    ● back off [bækof] nuk ngul këmbë;tërhiqem
    ● back out [bæk aut] a) dal mbrapsht; b) fig. ( of) tërhiqem
    ● back up [bæk ap] a) ecën mbrapsht (makina); b) prapset, tërhiqet (ujët); c) mbështes, përkrah; d) i jap mbrapsht (makinës); e) kmp. krijoj një kopje rezervë
    ● back issue [bæk 'ishu:] n. numër i kaluar/i vjetër (reviste etj)
    ● back number [bæk 'nambë:] n. numër i kaluar/i vjetër (reviste)
    ● back passage [bæk 'pæsixh] n. Br. zorrë e trashë
    ● back pay [bæk pei] n. pagë e prapambetur
    ● back-pedal ['bækpedël] vt 1. i jap mbrapsht (pedalit). 2. fig. tërhiqem, zmbrapsem
    ● back street ['bæk stri:t] n.,adj. -n. rrugicë (lagje të varfra)
    -adj 1. i dorës së dytë; a back street cafe bar i kategorisë së fundit. 2. i fshehtë, klandestin
    * * *
    mbrapa

    English-Albanian dictionary > back

  • 3 weigh

    [wei] v 1. peshoj; weigh oneself peshohem; she weighs 55 kilos ajo peshon 55 kg; what do you weigh? sa peshon?, ç'peshë ke? 2. fig. mas; weigh one's words i mas fjalët. 3. fig. ka peshë, ka rëndësi; that argument doesn't weigh anything with me ai argument s'ka pikë rëndësie për mendimin tim. 4. fig. peshoj, vlerësoj; weigh the pros and cons vlerësoj anët e mira dhe ato të këqija. 5. det. ngre; weigh anchor ngre spirancën. 6. fig. rëndon; the fear of illness weighs on her/on her mind all the time frika e sëmundjes i rëndon tërë kohës.
    ● weigh down ['wei daun] a) rëndoj; b) fig. rëndon, bren, ha (meraku); c) përkul; d) fig. mundoj; torturoj: be weighed down with responsibilities/fears më mundon ndjenja e përgjegjësisë; më torturon frika
    ● weigh in ['wei in] a) peshohem; b) fig. ndërhyj; i mëshoj (një fakti); c) peshoj (boksierin etj)
    ● weigh-in ['wejin] n. sport. peshim (i boksierëve etj)
    ● weigh on ['wei on] i rëndoj, i jam bërë barrë
    ● weigh out ['wei aut] peshoj (mallra)
    ● weigh up ['wei ap] a) llogaris; b) balancoj, krahasoj, vë në balancë
    ● weighing machine ['weing më'shi:n] n. peshore
    ● weighmaster ['weimæstë:] n 1. inspektor i peshoreve. 2. peshues
    ● weight [weit] n.,v. -n 1. peshë; be sold by weight shitet me peshë (malli); it is 30 kilos in weight peshon 30 kile; they are the same weight peshojnë njëlloj; feel the weight of this book shiko sa rëndon ky libër. 2. fig. rëndësi, peshë; carry weight ka peshë (argumenti, faktori); give/ lend weight to sth i jap rëndësi diçkaje. 3. gur peshe. 4. ngarkesë, sasi malli. 5. send i rëndë. 6. fig. shumicë, pjesë dërrmuese; epërsi; the weight of public opinion was against it pjesa dërrmuese e opinionit publik ishte kundër; win by sheer weight of numbers fitoj në sajë të epërsisë numerike. 7. sport. gjyle; çekiç.
    ● pull one's weight bëj sa më takon; throw one's weight around/ about gj.fol. mbahem me të madh; përdor pozitën /-vt 1. ngarkoj. 2. fundos, i lidh një peshë. 3. fig. i jap rëndësi. 4. ponderoj; weighted average mesatare e ponderuar
    ● weight down [weit daun] a) fundos, i lidh një peshë; b) mbaj të zhytur
    ● weightiness ['weitinis] n 1. rëndesë; peshë. 2. fig. rëndësi
    ● weighting ['weiting] n 1. shtesë, kompensim (rroge). 2. koeficient
    ● weightless ['weitlis] adj 1. i lehtë, pa peshë. 2. pa peshë, në mungesë të gravitetit
    ● weightlessness ['weitlisnis] n. fiz. gjendje e mungesës së peshës
    ● weighty ['weiti] adj 1. i rëndë. 2. fig. e rëndë (barrë); e madhe (përgjegjësi); me peshë (argument). 3. fig. bindëse (arsye). 4. fig. i pjekur (gjykim). 5. fig. serioz, me rëndësi (problem). 6. fig. me peshë, me influence, i rëndësishëm (person)
    * * *
    peshoj; rëndoj

    English-Albanian dictionary > weigh

  • 4 weight

    [weit] n.,v. -n 1. peshë; be sold by weight shitet me peshë (malli); it is 30 kilos in weight peshon 30 kile; they are the same weight peshojnë njëlloj; feel the weight of this book shiko sa rëndon ky libër. 2. fig. rëndësi, peshë; carry weight ka peshë (argumenti, faktori); give/ lend weight to sth i jap rëndësi diçkaje. 3. gur peshe. 4. ngarkesë, sasi malli. 5. send i rëndë. 6. fig. shumicë, pjesë dërrmuese; epërsi; the weight of public opinion was against it pjesa dërrmuese e opinionit publik ishte kundër; win by sheer weight of numbers fitoj në sajë të epërsisë numerike. 7. sport. gjyle; çekiç.
    ● pull one's weight bëj sa më takon; throw one's weight around/ about gj.fol. mbahem me të madh; përdor pozitën /-vt 1. ngarkoj. 2. fundos, i lidh një peshë. 3. fig. i jap rëndësi. 4. ponderoj; weighted average mesatare e ponderuar
    ● weight down [weit daun] a) fundos, i lidh një peshë; b) mbaj të zhytur
    ● weightiness ['weitinis] n 1. rëndesë; peshë. 2. fig. rëndësi
    ● weighting ['weiting] n 1. shtesë, kompensim (rroge). 2. koeficient
    ● weightless ['weitlis] adj 1. i lehtë, pa peshë. 2. pa peshë, në mungesë të gravitetit
    ● weightlessness ['weitlisnis] n. fiz. gjendje e mungesës së peshës
    ● weighty ['weiti] adj 1. i rëndë. 2. fig. e rëndë (barrë); e madhe (përgjegjësi); me peshë (argument). 3. fig. bindëse (arsye). 4. fig. i pjekur (gjykim). 5. fig. serioz, me rëndësi (problem). 6. fig. me peshë, me influence, i rëndësishëm (person)
    ● weigh [wei] v 1. peshoj; weigh oneself peshohem; she weighs 55 kilos ajo peshon 55 kg; what do you weigh? sa peshon?, ç'peshë ke? 2. fig. mas; weigh one's words i mas fjalët. 3. fig. ka peshë, ka rëndësi; that argument doesn't weigh anything with me ai argument s'ka pikë rëndësie për mendimin tim. 4. fig. peshoj, vlerësoj; weigh the pros and cons vlerësoj anët e mira dhe ato të këqija. 5. det. ngre; weigh anchor ngre spirancën. 6. fig. rëndon; the fear of illness weighs on her/on her mind all the time frika e sëmundjes i rëndon tërë kohës.
    * * *
    peshë

    English-Albanian dictionary > weight

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