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(the+exiles)

  • 21 רְטַש

    רְטַש, רְטֵישto let run, abandon; to drive out, banish. Targ. 1 Sam. 17:28 (h. text נטש). Targ. Jer. 12:7. Targ. Ez. 28:17 (h. text השלכ׳). Ib. 31:12. Targ. Jer. 14:19 (h. text מאס). Ib. 23:39 (h. text נשא); a. fr.Part. pass. רְטִיש; f. רְטִישָׁא; pl. רְטִישִׁין. Targ. Ez. 16:4. Targ. Hos. 2:5. Targ. Is. 5:6. Targ. Y. II Deut. 32:36. Targ. Lam. 3:45 רְטוּשִׁין (h. text מָאוֹס); a. e.Y.Pes.III, 30b top דאינון רטישין (sub. מיכל) for they (the barley cakes) are the food of the exiles (homeless poor, cmp. Ez. 4:12), opp. חַטְיָן those living in luxury (v. חטי I; differ. in comment). Af. אַרְטֵיש to abandon, renounce ownership of. Targ. O. Ex. 23:11 (h. text נטש). Pa. רַטֵּיש 1) to abandon, forsake; to banish. Targ. Jud. 6:13 (h. text נטש). Targ. Jer. 7:29. Targ. Ez. 32:4; a. e. 2) to scatter; to dash to pieces (cmp. b. h. נפץ). Targ. Ps. 137:9; a. e.Ib. 29:8 ed. Wil. v. רְטט.Part. pass. מְרַטַּש; f. מְרַטְּשָׁא; pl. מְרַטְּשָׁן. Targ. II Esth. 6:11 אודנוי מ׳ his ears shattered (?); (prob. to be read: מְטַרְשָׁן obstructed, deaf, v. טְרַש II). Ithpa. אִתְרַטֵּש, Ithpe. אִתְרְטִיש 1) to be abandoned, deserted; to be made homeless. Targ. O.a.Y. I Lev. 26:43 (h. text תעזב). Targ. Hos. 4:14 (h. text ולבט, v. לָבַט); a. e. 2) to be scattered; to be dashed. Targ. Am. 5:2 (h. text נטשה). Targ. Is. 14:12 (h. text נגדע). Targ. 1 Sam. 4:2 (h. text ותטש). Targ. Jud. 15:9; a. e.Targ. Ps. 18:8 ed., v. רְטַט.

    Jewish literature > רְטַש

  • 22 רְטֵיש

    רְטַש, רְטֵישto let run, abandon; to drive out, banish. Targ. 1 Sam. 17:28 (h. text נטש). Targ. Jer. 12:7. Targ. Ez. 28:17 (h. text השלכ׳). Ib. 31:12. Targ. Jer. 14:19 (h. text מאס). Ib. 23:39 (h. text נשא); a. fr.Part. pass. רְטִיש; f. רְטִישָׁא; pl. רְטִישִׁין. Targ. Ez. 16:4. Targ. Hos. 2:5. Targ. Is. 5:6. Targ. Y. II Deut. 32:36. Targ. Lam. 3:45 רְטוּשִׁין (h. text מָאוֹס); a. e.Y.Pes.III, 30b top דאינון רטישין (sub. מיכל) for they (the barley cakes) are the food of the exiles (homeless poor, cmp. Ez. 4:12), opp. חַטְיָן those living in luxury (v. חטי I; differ. in comment). Af. אַרְטֵיש to abandon, renounce ownership of. Targ. O. Ex. 23:11 (h. text נטש). Pa. רַטֵּיש 1) to abandon, forsake; to banish. Targ. Jud. 6:13 (h. text נטש). Targ. Jer. 7:29. Targ. Ez. 32:4; a. e. 2) to scatter; to dash to pieces (cmp. b. h. נפץ). Targ. Ps. 137:9; a. e.Ib. 29:8 ed. Wil. v. רְטט.Part. pass. מְרַטַּש; f. מְרַטְּשָׁא; pl. מְרַטְּשָׁן. Targ. II Esth. 6:11 אודנוי מ׳ his ears shattered (?); (prob. to be read: מְטַרְשָׁן obstructed, deaf, v. טְרַש II). Ithpa. אִתְרַטֵּש, Ithpe. אִתְרְטִיש 1) to be abandoned, deserted; to be made homeless. Targ. O.a.Y. I Lev. 26:43 (h. text תעזב). Targ. Hos. 4:14 (h. text ולבט, v. לָבַט); a. e. 2) to be scattered; to be dashed. Targ. Am. 5:2 (h. text נטשה). Targ. Is. 14:12 (h. text נגדע). Targ. 1 Sam. 4:2 (h. text ותטש). Targ. Jud. 15:9; a. e.Targ. Ps. 18:8 ed., v. רְטַט.

    Jewish literature > רְטֵיש

  • 23 מיזוג גלויות

    intermingling of the exiles

    Hebrew-English dictionary > מיזוג גלויות

  • 24 קיבוץ גלויות

    ingathering of the exiles

    Hebrew-English dictionary > קיבוץ גלויות

  • 25 in ons land vonden de ballingen een toevluchtsoord

    in ons land vonden de ballingen een toevluchtsoord
    the exiles found/took refuge in our country

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > in ons land vonden de ballingen een toevluchtsoord

  • 26 toevluchtsoord

    1 (port/house/haven of) refuge
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   in ons land vonden de ballingen een toevluchtsoord • the exiles found/took refuge in our country

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > toevluchtsoord

  • 27 exiler

    exiler [εgzile]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
    2. reflexive verb
    • s'exiler à la campagne to bury o.s. in the country
    * * *
    ɛgzile
    1.
    verbe transitif to exile

    2.
    s'exiler verbe pronominal
    1) ( s'expatrier) to go into exile
    2) ( se retirer) to bury oneself
    * * *
    ɛɡzile vt
    * * *
    exiler verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( bannir) to exile;
    2 ( isoler) to exile; ils se sentent exilés dans leur petite ville they feel exiled in their small town;
    3 ( reléguer) to relegate; tous mes bibelots ont été exilés au grenier all my knick-knacks were relegated to the attic.
    B s'exiler vpr
    1 ( s'expatrier) to go into exile; il s'est exilé à Jersey he went into exile on Jersey;
    2 ( se retirer) to bury oneself; s'exiler loin du monde to cut oneself off from the world.
    [ɛgzile] verbe transitif
    ————————
    s'exiler verbe pronominal intransitif
    1. [quitter son pays] to go into self-imposed exile
    2. [s'isoler] to cut oneself off

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > exiler

  • 28 uchodźstw|o

    n sgt książk. 1. (sytuacja) sojourn as a refugee, refugee status; (wygnanie przez władze państwowe) exile
    - osoby, które żyją na uchodźstwie refugees/exiles
    - wrócić z uchodźstwa to return from one’s sojourn as a refugee/from exile
    - wielu Polaków znalazło się na uchodźstwie many Poles were forced into exile
    2. (uchodźcy) refugees pl; (wygnańcy) exiles pl
    - dzieje armeńskiego uchodźstwa a history of the Armenian diaspora książk.
    - skupiska marokańskiego uchodźstwa we Francji Moroccan refugee communities in France

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > uchodźstw|o

  • 29 Introduction

       Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.
       Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.
       Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.
       Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).
       Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.
       Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.
       LAND AND PEOPLE
       The Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).
       For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.
       Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into the
       Atlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.
       Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:
       1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)
       1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)
       1864 4,287,000 first census
       1890 5,049,700
       1900 5,423,000
       1911 5,960,000
       1930 6,826,000
       1940 7,185,143
       1950 8,510,000
       1960 8,889,000
       1970 8,668,000* note decrease
       1980 9,833,000
       1991 9,862,540
       1996 9,934,100
       2006 10,642,836
       2010 10,710,000 (estimated)

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Introduction

  • 30 Estoril

       Composed of the towns of São Pedro, São João, Monte Estoril, and Estoril, and located about 32 kilometers (15 miles) west of Lisbon along the coast, Estoril forms the heart of a tourist region. Once described in tourist literature as the Sun Coast ( Costa do Sol), this coast—in order not to be confused with a region with a similar name in neighboring Spain (Costa del Sol)—has been renamed the "Lisbon Coast." Its origins go back to several developments in the late 19th century that encouraged the building of a resort area that would take advantage of the coast's fine climate and beaches from Carcav-elos to Cascais. Sporty King Carlos I (r. 1889-1908) and his court liked summering in Cascais (apparently the first tennis in Portugal was played here), then only a simple fishing village. There are medicinal spring waters in Estoril, and the inauguration (1889) of a new train line from Lisbon to Cascais provided a convenient way of bringing in visitors before the age of automobiles and superhighways.
       As a high-class resort town, Estoril was developed beginning in the 1920s and 1930s, due in part to the efforts of the entrepreneur Fausto de Figueiredo, whose memorial statue graces the now famous Casino Gardens. Soon Estoril possessed a gambling casino, restaurants, and several fine hotels.
       Estoril's beginnings as a small but popular international resort and watering spot were slow and difficult, however, and what Estoril became was determined in part by international economy and politics. The resort's backers and builders modeled Estoril to a degree on Nice, a much larger, older, and better-known resort in the French Riviera. The name "Estoril," in fact, which was not found on Portuguese maps before the 20th century, was a Portuguese corruption of the French word for a mountain range near Nice. Estoril hotel designs, such as that of reputedly the most luxurious hotel outside Lisbon, the Hotel Palácio-Estoril, looked to earlier hotel designs on the French Riviera.
       It was remarkable, too, that Estoril's debut as a resort area with full services (hotels, casino, beach, spa) and sports (golf, tennis, swimming) happened to coincide with the depth of the world Depression (1929-34) that seemed to threaten its future. Less expensive, with a more reliably mild year-round climate and closer to Great Britain and North America than the older French Riviera, the "Sun Coast" that featured Estoril had many attractions. The resort's initial prosperity was guaranteed when large numbers of middle-class and wealthy Spaniards migrated to the area after 1931, during the turbulent Spanish Republic and subsequent bloody Civil War (1936-39). World War II (when Portugal was neutral) and the early stages of the Cold War only enhanced the Sun Coast's resort reputation. After 1939, numbers of displaced and dethroned royalty from Europe came to Portugal to live in a sunny, largely tax-free climate. In the early 1950s, Estoril's casino became known to millions of readers and armchair travelers when it was featured in one of the early James Bond books by Ian Fleming, Casino Royale (1953). In the 1980s and 1990s, the Casino was expanded and rehabilitated, while the Hotel Palacio Estoril was given a face-lift along with a new railroad station and the addition of more elegant restaurants and shops. In 2003, in the Estoril Post Office building, a Museum of Exiles and Refugees of World War II was opened.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Estoril

  • 31 Soares, Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes

    (1924-)
       Lawyer, staunch oppositionist to the Estado Novo, a founder of Portugal's Socialist Party (PS), key leader of post-1974 democratic Portugal, and twice-elected president of the republic (1986-91; 1991-96). Mário Soares was born on 7 December 1924, in Lisbon, the son of an educator and former cabinet officer of the ill-fated First Republic. An outstanding student, Soares received a degree in history and philosophy from the University of Lisbon (1951) and his law degree from the same institution (1957). A teacher and a lawyer, the young Soares soon became active in various organizations that opposed the Estado Novo, starting in his student days and continuing into his association with the PS. He worked with the organizations of several oppositionist candidates for the presidency of the republic in 1949 and 1958 and, as a lawyer, defended a number of political figures against government prosecution in court. Soares was the family attorney for the family of General Humberto Delgado, murdered on the Spanish frontier by the regime's political police in 1965. Soares was signatory and editor of the "Program for the Democratization of the Republic" in 1961, and, in 1968, he was deported by the regime to São Tomé, one of Portugal's African colonies.
       In 1969, following the brief liberalization under the new prime minister Marcello Caetano, Soares returned from exile in Africa and participated as a member of the opposition in general elections for the National Assembly. Although harassed by the PIDE, he was courageous in attacking the government and its colonial policies in Africa. After the rigged election results were known, and no oppositionist deputy won a seat despite the Caetano "opening," Soares left for exile in France. From 1969 to 1974, he resided in France, consulted with other political exiles, and taught at a university. In 1973, at a meeting in West Germany, Soares participated in the (re)founding of the (Portuguese) Socialist Party.
       The exciting, unexpected news of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 reached Soares in France, and soon he was aboard a train bound for Lisbon, where he was to play a major role in the difficult period of revolutionary politics (1974-75). During a most critical phase, the "hot summer" of 1975, when a civil war seemed in the offing, Soares's efforts to steer Portugal away from a communist dictatorship and sustained civil strife were courageous and effective. He found allies in the moderate military and large sectors of the population. After the abortive leftist coup of 25 November 1975, Soares played an equally vital role in assisting the stabilization of a pluralist democracy.
       Prime minister on several occasions during the era of postrevolu-tionary adjustment (1976-85), Soares continued his role as the respected leader of the PS. Following 11 hectic years of the Lusitanian political hurly-burly, Soares was eager for a change and some rest. Prepared to give up leadership of the factious PS and become a senior statesman in the new Portugal, Mário Soares ran for the presidency of the republic. After serving twice as elected president of the republic, he established the Mário Soares Foundation, Lisbon, and was elected to the European Parliament.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Soares, Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes

  • 32 Socialist Party / Partido Socialista

    (PS)
       Although the Socialist Party's origins can be traced back to the 1850s, its existence has not been continuous. The party did not achieve or maintain a large base of support until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Historically, it played only a minor political role when compared to other European socialist parties.
       During the Estado Novo, the PS found it difficult to maintain a clandestine existence, and the already weak party literally withered away. Different groups and associations endeavored to keep socialist ideals alive, but they failed to create an organizational structure that would endure. In 1964, Mário Soares, Francisco Ramos da Costa, and Manuel Tito de Morais established the Portuguese Socialist Action / Acção Socialista Português (ASP) in Geneva, a group of individuals with similar views rather than a true political party. Most members were middle-class professionals committed to democratizing the nation. The rigidity of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) led some to join the ASP.
       By the early 1970s, ASP nuclei existed beyond Portugal in Paris, London, Rome, Brussels, Frankfurt, Sweden, and Switzerland; these consisted of members studying, working, teaching, researching, or in other activities. Extensive connections were developed with other foreign socialist parties. Changing conditions in Portugal, as well as the colonial wars, led several ASP members to advocate the creation of a real political party, strengthening the organization within Portugal, and positioning this to compete for power once the regime changed.
       The current PS was founded clandestinely on 19 April 1973, by a group of 27 exiled Portuguese and domestic ASP representatives at the Kurt Schumacher Academy of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Bad Munstereifel, West Germany. The founding philosophy was influenced by nondogmatic Marxism as militants sought to create a classless society. The rhetoric was to be revolutionary to outflank its competitors, especially the PCP, on its left. The party hoped to attract reform-minded Catholics and other groups that were committed to democracy but could not support the communists.
       At the time of the 1974 revolution, the PS was little more than an elite faction based mainly among exiles. It was weakly organized and had little grassroots support outside the major cities and larger towns. Its organization did not improve significantly until the campaign for the April 1975 constituent elections. Since then, the PS has become very pragmatic and moderate and has increasingly diluted its socialist program until it has become a center-left party. Among the party's most consistent principles in its platform since the late 1970s has been its support for Portugal's membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Union (EU), a view that clashed with those of its rivals to the left, especially the PCP. Given the PS's broad base of support, the increased distance between its leftist rhetoric and its more conservative actions has led to sharp internal divisions in the party. The PS and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) are now the two dominant parties in the Portuguese political party system.
       In doctrine and rhetoric the PS has undergone a de-Marxification and a movement toward the center as a means to challenge its principal rival for hegemony, the PSD. The uneven record of the PS in general elections since its victory in 1975, and sometimes its failure to keep strong legislative majorities, have discouraged voters. While the party lost the 1979 and 1980 general elections, it triumphed in the 1983 elections, when it won 36 percent of the vote, but it still did not gain an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic. The PSD led by Cavaco Silva dominated elections from 1985 to 1995, only to be defeated by the PS in the 1995 general elections. By 2000, the PS had conquered the commanding heights of the polity: President Jorge Sampaio had been reelected for a second term, PS prime minister António Guterres was entrenched, and the mayor of Lisbon was João Soares, son of the former socialist president, Mário Soares (1986-96).
       The ideological transformation of the PS occurred gradually after 1975, within the context of a strong PSD, an increasingly conservative electorate, and the de-Marxification of other European Socialist parties, including those in Germany and Scandinavia. While the PS paid less attention to the PCP on its left and more attention to the PSD, party leaders shed Marxist trappings. In the 1986 PS official program, for example, the text does not include the word Marxism.
       Despite the party's election victories in the mid- and late-1990s, the leadership discovered that their grasp of power and their hegemony in governance at various levels was threatened by various factors: President Jorge Sampaio's second term, the constitution mandated, had to be his last.
       Following the defeat of the PS by the PSD in the municipal elections of December 2001, Premier Antônio Guterres resigned his post, and President Sampaio dissolved parliament and called parliamentary elections for the spring. In the 17 March 2002 elections, following Guterres's resignation as party leader, the PS was defeated by the PSD by a vote of 40 percent to 38 percent. Among the factors that brought about the socialists' departure from office was the worsening post-September 11 economy and disarray within the PS leadership circles, as well as charges of corruption among PS office holders. However, the PS won 45 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections of 2005, and the leader of the party, José Sócrates, a self-described "market-oriented socialist" became prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Socialist Party / Partido Socialista

  • 33 gusano

    m.
    1 worm (animal).
    gusano de luz glow worm
    3 worm (computing).
    * * *
    1 worm (oruga) caterpillar
    \
    gusano de seda silkworm
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) worm
    * * *
    1. SM
    1) [gen] worm; [de tierra] earthworm; [de mosca] maggot; [de mariposa, polilla] caterpillar
    2) (=persona) worm; (=ser despreciable) contemptible person; (=persona dócil) meek creature
    3) (Inform) worm
    4) Cuba ** pey nickname for Cuban refugees post-1959
    2.
    ADJ Cuba ** pey Cuban-refugee antes de s
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( como nombre genérico) worm; ( lombriz de tierra) earthworm, worm
    b) ( larva - de mariposa) caterpillar; (- de mosca) maggot
    2) (pey) ( persona despreciable) worm (pej)
    * * *
    = worm, worm, caterpillar, maggot.
    Ex. The article ' Worms in the field' describes a family of products based around a worm optical disc drive, comprising a worm drive, Image Scanner, Text Retrieval, OCR and Image-handling software.
    Ex. The article 'Computer viruses, Logic bombs, Trojan horses and worms: 'badware' in computers' reviews the different sorts of badware and what problems they cause.
    Ex. For MARC the journey from the caterpillar of the automation of card production to the beautiful butterfly of today has been long and largely successful.
    Ex. One last thought as a parting shot: it does seem that having once taken a bite out of the fruit of the tree of knowledge, we are to be banished from paradise forever, but we really have to eat the maggots in the fruit as well?.
    ----
    * gusano de seda = silkworm.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( como nombre genérico) worm; ( lombriz de tierra) earthworm, worm
    b) ( larva - de mariposa) caterpillar; (- de mosca) maggot
    2) (pey) ( persona despreciable) worm (pej)
    * * *
    = worm, worm, caterpillar, maggot.

    Ex: The article ' Worms in the field' describes a family of products based around a worm optical disc drive, comprising a worm drive, Image Scanner, Text Retrieval, OCR and Image-handling software.

    Ex: The article 'Computer viruses, Logic bombs, Trojan horses and worms: 'badware' in computers' reviews the different sorts of badware and what problems they cause.
    Ex: For MARC the journey from the caterpillar of the automation of card production to the beautiful butterfly of today has been long and largely successful.
    Ex: One last thought as a parting shot: it does seem that having once taken a bite out of the fruit of the tree of knowledge, we are to be banished from paradise forever, but we really have to eat the maggots in the fruit as well?.
    * gusano de seda = silkworm.

    * * *
    A
    2 (larva — de mariposa) caterpillar; (— de mosca) maggot; (— de otros insectos) grub, worm
    Compuestos:
    (Esp, Méx) glowworm
    silkworm
    C ( Inf) tb
    gusano2 -na
    masculine, feminine
    * * *

     

    gusano sustantivo masculino
    1

    ( lombriz de tierra) earthworm, worm

    (— de mosca) maggot;

    gusano de seda silkworm
    2 (pey) ( persona despreciable) worm (pej)
    gusano sustantivo masculino
    1 Zool worm
    (oruga) caterpillar
    (de mosca) maggot
    gusano de seda, silkworm
    2 (persona despreciable) worm: el jefe es un gusano the boss is a swine
    ' gusano' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    hebra
    English:
    maggot
    - worm
    * * *
    gusano nm
    1. [animal] worm
    2. [larva] grub;
    [de mariposa] caterpillar; [de mosca] maggot gusano de luz glow-worm;
    3. Informát worm
    4. Fam [persona despreciable] worm
    5. Fam Pey [exiliado cubano] = anti-Castro Cuban living in exile
    * * *
    m worm; de mosca maggot
    * * *
    gusano nm
    1) lombriz: worm, earthworm
    gusano de seda: silkworm
    2) : caterpillar, maggot, grub
    * * *
    1. (lombriz, etc) worm
    2. (oruga de mariposa) caterpillar

    Spanish-English dictionary > gusano

  • 34 operación

    f.
    1 operation.
    2 surgery, operation, surgical operation.
    3 functioning, operation.
    4 operation, driving.
    * * *
    1 (gen) operation
    2 FINANZAS transaction, deal
    \
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=acción) operation

    operaciones de rescate, operaciones de salvamento — rescue operations

    operación retorno — Esp effort to control traffic returning to a big city after a major holiday

    2) (Med) operation

    una operación de estómago — a stomach operation, an operation on the stomach

    operación cesárea — Caesarean, Caesarean operation

    3) (Mil) operation

    operación de limpia, operación de limpieza — mopping up operation

    4) (Com) transaction, deal

    operaciones bursátiles, operaciones de bolsa — stock-exchange transactions

    operación "llave en mano" — turnkey operation

    5) (Mat) operation
    6) LAm (Min) operation, working, exploitation; (Com) management
    7)

    operaciones accesorias — (Inform) housekeeping sing

    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mat) operation
    b) (Med) operation
    2) (Fin) transaction
    3) ( misión) operation

    operación policial/de rescate — police/rescue operation

    •
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mat) operation
    b) (Med) operation
    2) (Fin) transaction
    3) ( misión) operation

    operación policial/de rescate — police/rescue operation

    •
    * * *
    operación1
    1 = operation, transaction, venture, operation.

    Ex: With the advent of micro-computers even much smaller cataloguing operations can effectively be computerised.

    Ex: Access to individual transaction is made via a menu.
    Ex: However rudimentary or advanced the system, and no matter what the age of the children involved, certain matters should be considered before setting out on the venture.
    Ex: The third assistant, Alfred MacIntosh, was recovering from a hernia operation and would not be back for two weeks = El tercer ayudante, Alfred MacIntosh, estaba recuperándose de una operación de hernia y estaría ausente durante dos semanas.
    * base de operaciones = home base.
    * director de operaciones = chief operating officer (COO), director for operations.
    * en mitad de la operación = in mid-operation.
    * escenario de operaciones = scene of operations, theatre of operations.
    * gestión de operaciones = operations management.
    * manual de operaciones = operations manual.
    * operación aritmética = arithmetic operation.
    * operación bancaria = bank transaction.
    * operación combinada = combined operation.
    * operación combinatoria = combination operation.
    * operación comercial = business transaction.
    * operación conjunta = joint operation, combined operation.
    * operación de búsqueda y rescate = search and rescue operation, search and rescue mission.
    * operación de conexión = logging transaction.
    * operación de poca monta = one-room, one-person operation.
    * operación de rescate = salvage operation, salvaging operation, rescue operation.
    * operación de salvamento = salvage operation, search and rescue operation, search and rescue mission, salvaging operation.
    * operaciones aritméticas decimales = floating point mathematics.
    * operaciones comerciales = business practices.
    * operaciones de información = information operations.
    * operaciones de rescate = rescue work.
    * operaciones informáticas = computer operations.
    * operación mental = mental operation.
    * operación militar = military operation.
    * operación policial = sting operation.
    * operación por defecto = default.
    * operación sobre datos = data manipulation.
    * racionalizar las operaciones = streamline + operations.
    * realizar las operaciones bancarias = bank.
    * realizar una operación = conduct + operation, carry out + transaction.
    * reanudar las operaciones = be back in business.
    * registro de operaciones realizadas = transaction log, transaction logging.
    * rentabilizar las operaciones = streamline + operations.
    * tarifa por el número de operaciones = volume-based tariff.
    * teatro de operaciones = theatre of operations.
    * unidad de operaciones = operational unit.

    operación2
    2 = surgery.

    Ex: After attending weekly teaching rounds in surgery, pediatrics and obstetrics and noting the questions asked during discussion of the cases, librarians send out photocopies of relevant articles to interested individuals and interested individuals.

    * en la mesa de operaciones = under the knife.
    * operación de bypass = bypass operation.
    * operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.
    * operación de corazón = heart operation.
    * operación de pecho = breast surgery.
    * operación quirúrgica = surgical procedure.
    * sala de operaciones = operating room.

    * * *
    A ( Mat) operation
    B ( Med) operation
    una operación del estómago a stomach operation
    se sometió a una operación a corazón abierto he underwent open-heart surgery
    una operación a vida o muerte a life-or-death operation
    C ( Fin) (transacción) transaction
    una operación bursátil/financiera a stock market/financial transaction o deal
    D (tarea) operation
    operación policial police operation
    la operación de rescate the rescue operation
    Compuestos:
    clean up operation, clean up
    toca operación limpieza ( hum); it's time to clean the house o ( colloq) for a blitz on the house
    search operation
    1 (en Esp) (the mass return by road to the cities from the seaside resorts after public holidays)
    2 (en AmL) (the return of refugees or political exiles at the end of a period of repression)
    ( Col) go-slow
    * * *

     

    operación sustantivo femenino
    a) (Mat) operation

    b) (Med) operation;


    c) (Fin) transaction



    operación sustantivo femenino
    1 Med operation
    una operación de riñón, a kidney operation
    2 Fin transaction, deal
    3 Mat operation
    4 (actuación, realización) operation
    ' operación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    anestesia
    - cálculo
    - debilitar
    - practicar
    - salir
    - salazón
    - señal
    - sufrir
    - cerebro
    - comercial
    - comprobar
    - cuenta
    - devolver
    - intervenir
    - mercantil
    - someter
    English:
    blitz
    - Caesarean
    - elaborately
    - exercise
    - forceps
    - groggy
    - herself
    - implant
    - major
    - management
    - minor
    - operation
    - optimal
    - over
    - surgery
    - transaction
    - undergo
    - venture
    - money
    - since
    * * *
    1. [acción organizada] operation
    operación policial police operation;
    operación de rescate rescue operation;
    operación retorno = police operation to assist traffic at the end of popular holiday periods;
    operación salida = police operation to assist traffic at the beginning of popular holiday periods;
    operación de salvamento rescue operation
    2. [quirúrgica] operation;
    operación (quirúrgica) (surgical) operation;
    una operación de corazón a heart operation;
    una operación a vida o muerte a life-or-death operation;
    el paciente debe someterse a una operación the patient needs to have an operation;
    le realizaron una operación de estómago he had a stomach operation;
    tuvo que ser sometido a una operación de urgencia he had to undergo an emergency operation
    3. [matemática] operation
    4. [militar] operation;
    operaciones conjuntas joint operations
    operación de limpia o de limpieza a mopping-up operation
    5. Com, Fin transaction;
    una operación bursátil a stock-market transaction;
    una operación mercantil a commercial transaction;
    una operación comercial a commercial transaction;
    * * *
    f operation
    * * *
    operación nf, pl - ciones
    1) : operation
    2) : transaction, deal
    * * *
    operación n operation

    Spanish-English dictionary > operación

  • 35 Cuban Revolution

    The guerrilla campaign (1956-59) which started the Revolución cubana aimed to topple the corrupt regime of Fulgencio Batista and free Cuba from United States economic domination. The new government of January 1959 set in motion wide-ranging social and political reforms. When Fidel Castro Ruz announced the expropriation of foreign-owned companies, the US imposed a trade embargo which has lasted into the new century. After the unsuccessful invasion by CIA-trained Cuban exiles at the Bay of Pigs (Playa Girón), bilateral relations worsened and Cuba sought political and economic support from the communist block. When the USSR collapsed in 1991 the Cuban economy was in ruins. Some recovery was achieved in the 1990s thanks to the growth of international tourism and new industries such as pharmaceuticals.
    Cuba is criticized by the US for not adopting parliamentary democracy and the presence of a politically influential Cuban community in the United States has blocked normal relations between the countries. Castro argues that each country has the right to its own political system. In Latin America revolutionary Cuba has inspired political movements seeking to improve the lot of workers and peasants.

    Spanish-English dictionary > Cuban Revolution

  • 36 נדח

    נָדַח(b. h.) to slip, move away. Nif. נִדַּח 1) (interch. with דחה) to be banished, exiled. Y.Snh.X, 29c top (ref. to Is. 27:13) והנִידָּחִים … זו דורוכ׳ ‘those who were exiles in the land of Egypt means the generation of the wilderness. Midr. Till. to Ps. 147:2 שנִדְּחוּ (or שנִדְחוּ); a. e. 2) to be made to slip, to be led away ( to idolatry); עיר הנִדַּחַת the case of a place whose inhabitants were led astray, the condemned town (Deut. 13:13 to 18). Snh.X, 4 אנשי עיר הנ׳ the inhabitants of a condemned city. Tosef. ib. XIV, 1, a. e. עיר הנ׳ לא היתהוכ׳ a case of a condemned city never occurred nor ever will occur. Ib. אין עושין שלש עיירות נִידָּחוֹתוכ׳ three cities dare not be condemned (at a time) in Palestine; Yalk. Deut. 886 מְנוּדָּחוֹת (Pu.); a. fr. Hif. הִדִּיחַ to lead astray. Snh.VII, 10 המַדִּיחַ זה האימרוכ׳ a maddiaḥ (amenable to the law Deut. l. c.) is he who says, let us go and worship ; contrad. to מסית; ib. 67a מַדִּיחֵי עיר הנדחת שנו כאן the seducers of a condemned city are meant here. Ib. נביא שה׳ a prophet that led a town astray. Ib. X, 4 (111b) הִדִּיחוּהָ נשים if women led a town astray; היו מַדִּיחֶיהָ חוצה לה if the seducers were outsiders; עד שיַדִּיחוּהָ אנשים unless the seducers are men; a. fr. Hof. הוּדָּח 1) to be led astray. Ib. ה׳ מיעוטה if a minority of the town was led astray. Tosef. ib. XIV, 3 הוּדְּחוּ עמה they were led astray along with the inhabitants; a. e. 2) (interch. with דָּחָה) to be banished. Yalk. Num. 739 הוּדַּחְתִּי מן האהל I have been banished from the Tabernacle.

    Jewish literature > נדח

  • 37 נָדַח

    נָדַח(b. h.) to slip, move away. Nif. נִדַּח 1) (interch. with דחה) to be banished, exiled. Y.Snh.X, 29c top (ref. to Is. 27:13) והנִידָּחִים … זו דורוכ׳ ‘those who were exiles in the land of Egypt means the generation of the wilderness. Midr. Till. to Ps. 147:2 שנִדְּחוּ (or שנִדְחוּ); a. e. 2) to be made to slip, to be led away ( to idolatry); עיר הנִדַּחַת the case of a place whose inhabitants were led astray, the condemned town (Deut. 13:13 to 18). Snh.X, 4 אנשי עיר הנ׳ the inhabitants of a condemned city. Tosef. ib. XIV, 1, a. e. עיר הנ׳ לא היתהוכ׳ a case of a condemned city never occurred nor ever will occur. Ib. אין עושין שלש עיירות נִידָּחוֹתוכ׳ three cities dare not be condemned (at a time) in Palestine; Yalk. Deut. 886 מְנוּדָּחוֹת (Pu.); a. fr. Hif. הִדִּיחַ to lead astray. Snh.VII, 10 המַדִּיחַ זה האימרוכ׳ a maddiaḥ (amenable to the law Deut. l. c.) is he who says, let us go and worship ; contrad. to מסית; ib. 67a מַדִּיחֵי עיר הנדחת שנו כאן the seducers of a condemned city are meant here. Ib. נביא שה׳ a prophet that led a town astray. Ib. X, 4 (111b) הִדִּיחוּהָ נשים if women led a town astray; היו מַדִּיחֶיהָ חוצה לה if the seducers were outsiders; עד שיַדִּיחוּהָ אנשים unless the seducers are men; a. fr. Hof. הוּדָּח 1) to be led astray. Ib. ה׳ מיעוטה if a minority of the town was led astray. Tosef. ib. XIV, 3 הוּדְּחוּ עמה they were led astray along with the inhabitants; a. e. 2) (interch. with דָּחָה) to be banished. Yalk. Num. 739 הוּדַּחְתִּי מן האהל I have been banished from the Tabernacle.

    Jewish literature > נָדַח

  • 38 приложить руки

    I
    [VP; subj: human; often infin with надо, хочется, некому etc]
    =====
    ⇒ to attend to s.o. or sth. in a serious, thorough way:
    - X-y надо приложить руки к Y-y ≈ X must give Y the attention Y deserves;
    || некому руки приложить КУ-у ≈ there's no one to take care of Y < to tend (to) Y>. Сад запущенный, а руки к нему приложить некому. The garden is a mess, and there's no one to give it the attention it deserves.
    II
    • ПРИЛОЖИТЬ РУКУ (РУКИ) (к чему) coll, disapprov
    [VP; subj: human; obj: abstr, often это, or a clause introduced by к тому, что (чтобы)]
    =====
    ⇒ to be involved in sth. (usu. of a reprehensible nature):
    - X приложил руку (к Y-y) ≈ X had a hand < a part> in Y;
    - [in limited contexts] X had a finger in the pie.
         ♦ Я поражаюсь Елизавете. Ей 21 год. Когда она успела так разложиться? Что у неё за семья, как она воспитывалась, кто приложил руку к ее развитию? (Шолохов 2). I am astounded at Liza. She is twenty-one. When did she have time to become so depraved? What kind of family has she got, how was she brought up, who had a hand in her development? (2a).
         ♦ В Воронеже хозяева охотно пускали на свою площадь ссыльных. Над ссыльными всегда висела угроза, что их вышлют в более глухое место, и, в случае конфликта, хозяин мог приложить к этому руку (Мандельштам 1). In Voronezh the most favored tenants were exiles. Since they were always under threat of being forced to move to some remoter place, the owner of the room they rented could always, in case of conflict, help this to come about (1a).
         ♦ Народный фронт победил на выборах; к этой победе приложил руку и Дессер (Эренбург 4). The Popular Front had won a victory in the elections and Desser had helped to bring it about (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > приложить руки

  • 39 приложить руку

    I
    [VP; subj: human]
    =====
    ⇒ to put one's signature on a document or paper:
    - X приложил руку к Y-y ≈ X set his hand to Y;
    - [in limited contexts] Y was signed by X's own hand.
         ♦ "К сему показанию явный прелюбодей Василий Иванов Байбаков руку приложил" (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). " То this deposition I, Overt Adulterer Vasily Ivanov Dormousov, have set my hand" (1a).
         ♦ Затем следовали изъявления преданности и подпись: "Староста твой, всенижайший раб Прокофий Вытягушкин собственной рукой руку приложил" (Гончаров 1). There followed expressions of devotion and the signature: "Your steward and most humble serf, Prokofy Vytyagushkin, signed by his own hand" (1b).
    II
    [VP; subj: human; obj: abstr, often это, or a clause introduced by к тому, что (чтобы)]
    =====
    ⇒ to be involved in sth. (usu. of a reprehensible nature):
    - X приложил руку (к Y-y) ≈ X had a hand < a part> in Y;
    - [in limited contexts] X had a finger in the pie.
         ♦ Я поражаюсь Елизавете. Ей 21 год. Когда она успела так разложиться? Что у неё за семья, как она воспитывалась, кто приложил руку к ее развитию? (Шолохов 2). I am astounded at Liza. She is twenty-one. When did she have time to become so depraved? What kind of family has she got, how was she brought up, who had a hand in her development? (2a).
         ♦ В Воронеже хозяева охотно пускали на свою площадь ссыльных. Над ссыльными всегда висела угроза, что их вышлют в более глухое место, и, в случае конфликта, хозяин мог приложить к этому руку (Мандельштам 1). In Voronezh the most favored tenants were exiles. Since they were always under threat of being forced to move to some remoter place, the owner of the room they rented could always, in case of conflict, help this to come about (1a).
         ♦ Народный фронт победил на выборах; к этой победе приложил руку и Дессер (Эренбург 4). The Popular Front had won a victory in the elections and Desser had helped to bring it about (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > приложить руку

  • 40 etap

    m (G etapu) 1. (część przebytej drogi) stage, leg
    - podróżować etapami to make a trip in stages
    - ostatni etap naszej podróży był najdłuższy the last leg of our journey was the longest
    - górskie etapy wyścigu są najtrudniejsze the mountain stages of the race are the most difficult
    2. (faza, stadium) stage, phase
    - kolejne etapy policyjnego śledztwa the successive stages of a police investigation
    - wczesny etap rozwoju an early stage of development
    - rozłożyć coś na etapy to break sth up into a. down into stages, to divide sth into phases
    - wprowadzać/wycofywać coś etapami to phase sth in/out
    - wygrać kolejny etap w konkursie/wyścigu to win the next stage in a competition/race
    - zacząć nowy etap w życiu to begin a new phase a. stage in one’s life
    - być na etapie prac wstępnych/przygotowań to be in the initial stages
    3. (miejsce postoju) resting place, staging post 4. Hist. (transport więźniów lub zesłańców) odbyć drogę etapem to be transported (to a penal colony)
    - co tydzień odchodziły tysięczne etapy na Syberię every week transports of thousands of exiles left for Siberia
    - □ etap rębny Leśn. fell
    * * *
    - pu; -py; loc sg - pie; m
    * * *
    mi
    (= odcinek, stadium) stage; etap podróży/wycieczki stage of a journey/excursion; ostatni etap the last stage; etapami by stages; na tym etapie at this stage.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > etap

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  • National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe — National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe, or Giorno del ricordo in Italian language, is an Italian celebration for the memory of the victims of the Foibe and the Istrian Dalmatian exodus. Contents 1 Law s motivation 2 Law s iter 3 Law s… …   Wikipedia

  • Ingathering of the Exiles — (Kibbutz Galuyot)    The concept that the exiled Jewish communities in the Diaspora would be gathered in Israel was derived from the Bible. The ingathering of the exiles became an important element in Zionism during the prestate period and was… …   Historical Dictionary of Israel

  • The Irish (in Countries Other Than Ireland) —     The Irish (in countries other than Ireland)     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Irish (in countries other than Ireland)     I. IN THE UNITED STATES     Who were the first Irish to land on the American continent and the time of their arrival are …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Mageborn Traitor —   …   Wikipedia

  • The Good Shepherd (film) — The Good Shepherd Theatrical release poster Directed by Robert De Niro Produced by …   Wikipedia

  • The Many Coloured Land — is the first book of the Saga of the Exiles (or the Saga of Pliocene Exile in the USA) by Julian May. It sets the series up by introducing the story of each of the characters. The main purpose of the book is to provide information for the rest of …   Wikipedia

  • The Spanish Armada —     The Spanish Armada     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Spanish Armada     The Spanish Armada, also called the Invincible Armada (infra), and more correctly La Armada Grande, was a fleet (I) intended to invade England and to put an end to the… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Captal's Tower — is an upcoming fantasy novel to be written by author Melanie Rawn. It is the third book of three in the Exiles series. Infobox Book name = The Captal s Tower title orig = The Captal s Tower translator = image caption = author = Melanie Rawn… …   Wikipedia

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