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101 Faraday, Michael
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 22 September 1791 Newington, Surrey, Englandd. 25 August 1867 London, England[br]English physicist, discoverer of the principles of the electric motor and dynamo.[br]Faraday's father was a blacksmith recently moved south from Westmorland. The young Faraday's formal education was limited to attendance at "a Common Day School", and then he worked as an errand boy for George Riebau, a bookseller and bookbinder in London's West End. Riebau subsequently took him as an apprentice bookbinder, and Faraday seized every opportunity to read the books that came his way, especially scientific works.A customer in the shop gave Faraday tickets to hear Sir Humphry Davy lecturing at the Royal Institution. He made notes of the lectures, bound them and sent them to Davy, asking for scientific employment. When a vacancy arose for a laboratory assistant at the Royal Institution, Davy remembered Faraday, who he took as his assistant on an 18- month tour of France, Italy and Switzerland (despite the fact that Britain and France were at war!). The tour, and especially Davy's constant company and readiness to explain matters, was a scientific education for Faraday, who returned to the Royal Institution as a competent chemist in his own right. Faraday was interested in electricity, which was then viewed as a branch of chemistry. After Oersted's announcement in 1820 that an electric current could affect a magnet, Faraday devised an arrangement in 1821 for producing continuous motion from an electric current and a magnet. This was the basis of the electric motor. Ten years later, after much thought and experiment, he achieved the converse of Oersted's effect, the production of an electric current from a magnet. This was magneto-electric induction, the basis of the electric generator.Electrical engineers usually regard Faraday as the "father" of their profession, but Faraday himself was not primarily interested in the practical applications of his discoveries. His driving motivation was to understand the forces of nature, such as electricity and magnetism, and the relationship between them. Faraday delighted in telling others about science, and studied what made a good scientific lecturer. At the Royal Institution he introduced the Friday Evening Discourses and also the Christmas Lectures for Young People, now televised in the UK every Christmas.[br]Bibliography1991, Curiosity Perfectly Satisfyed. Faraday's Travels in Europe 1813–1815, ed. B.Bowers and L.Symons, Peter Peregrinus (Faraday's diary of his travels with Humphry Davy).Further ReadingL.Pearce Williams, 1965, Michael Faraday. A Biography, London: Chapman \& Hall; 1987, New York: Da Capo Press (the most comprehensive of the many biographies of Faraday and accounts of his work).For recent short accounts of his life see: B.Bowers, 1991, Michael Faraday and the Modern World, EPA Press. G.Cantor, D.Gooding and F.James, 1991, Faraday, Macmillan.J.Meurig Thomas, 1991, Michael Faraday and the Royal Institution, Adam Hilger.BB -
102 Popescu, Elena
[br]b. 1877 Romaniad. 5 September 1944 Bucharest (?), Romania[br]Romanian inventor of the Romanian needle threader.[br]Popescu came from a fairly prosperous family. Outwardly she led a conventional life as wife of an army officer and mother of nine children; yet, as her unpublished diaries reveal, even when caught up in the fighting in the First World War she led an intense inner life isolated from her surroundings and hardly guessed at even by many members of her family. She seems to have had a mechanical turn of mind, for at the age of 14 she achieved the invention which should have earned her some fame. One day, when home for the school holidays, she saw an elderly servant struggling to thread a needle. Popescu resolved to devise some means of making life easier for the servant. She tried using various materials, including animal and human hair and plant fibres, but finally settled on fine steel wire fashioned into a kind of crochet needle. This did not work too well at first, until its shape had been modified with use. Helped by a mechanically minded younger brother, she made two or three further threaders, which immediately impressed the neighbouring needlewomen. Fired by success, she made 20 or 30 more, but then her return to school occupied her mind to the exclusion of needle threaders. Some twenty years later, when visiting a haberdasher's shop in Bucharest, she noticed on sale a needle threader very similar to her own, advertised as "recently invented in the USA".[br]Further ReadingA.Stanley, 1993, Mothers and Daughters of Invention, Meruchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 581–3, 912–6.LRD -
103 Brain
Among the higher mammals the great development of neocortex occurs.In each group of mammals there is a steady increase in the area of the association cortex from the most primitive to the evolutionarily most recent type; there is an increase in the number of neurons and their connections. The degree of consciousness of an organism is some function of neuronal cell number and connectivity, perhaps of neurons of a particular type in association cortex regions. This function is of a threshold type such that there is a significant quantitative break with the emergence of humans. Although the importance of language and the argument that it is genetically specified and unique to humans must be reconsidered in the light of the recent evidence as to the possibility of teaching chimpanzees, if not to speak, then to manipulate symbolic words and phrases, there are a number of unique human features which combine to make the transition not merely quantitative, but also qualitative. In particular these include the social, productive nature of human existence, and the range and extent of the human capacity to communicate. These features have made human history not so much one of biological but of social evolution, of continuous cultural transformation. (Rose, 1976, pp. 180-181)[S]ome particular property of higher primate and cetacean brains did not evolve until recently. But what was that property? I can suggest at least four possibilities...: (1) Never before was there a brain so massive; (2) Never before was there a brain with so large a ratio of brain to body mass; (3) Never before was there a brain with certain functional units (large frontal and temporal lobes, for example); (4) Never before was there a brain with so many neural connections or synapses.... Explanations 1, 2 and 4 argue that a quantitative change produced a qualitative change. It does not seem to me that a crisp choice among these four alternatives can be made at the present time, and I suspect that the truth will actually embrace most or all of these possibilities. (Sagan, 1978, pp. 107-109)The crucial change in the human brain in this million years or so has not been so much the increase in size by a factor of three, but the concentration of that increase in three or four main areas. The visual area has increased considerably, and, compared with the chimpanzee, the actual density of human brain cells is at least 50 percent greater. A second increase has taken place in the area of manipulation of the hand, which is natural since we are much more hand-driven animals than monkeys and apes. Another main increase has taken place in the temporal lobe, in which visual memory, integration, and speech all lie fairly close together. And the fourth great increase has taken place in the frontal lobes. Their function is extremely difficult to understand... ; but it is clear that they're largely responsible for the ability to initiate a task, to be attentive while it is being done, and to persevere with it. (Bronowski, 1978, pp. 23-24)The human brain works however it works. Wishing for it to work in some way as a shortcut to justifying some ethical principle undermines both the science and the ethics (for what happens to the principle if the scientific facts turn out to go the other way?). (Pinker, 1994, p. 427)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Brain
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104 Д-216
НА ДНЯХ PrepP Invar adv1. very recently, not long agoa few days ago (back)the other day a day or two (so) ago.На днях в очередном мучительном разговоре о Чехословакии кто-то сказал: не надо при детях (Орлова 1). A few days ago, during a really painful conversation about Czechoslovakia, someone said: "Don't say anything in front of the children" (1a).Он (Пастернак) рассказывает, что на днях кончил перевод «Ромео и Джульетты»... (Гладков 1). Не (Pasternak) told me that he finished (his version of) Romeo and Juliette the other day... (1a).Расскажу о том, как мы на днях лишились своего начальника (Салтыков-Щедрин 2). I'd better tell you how we lost our chief a day or two ago (2a).2. very soon, on one of the following dayswithin a few (a matter of) daysin a few days some day soon any day now in a day or two (so) shortly (in limited contexts) be about (to do sth. (to happen)).Мама сказала, что на днях возьмёт меня домой... (Каверин 1). Mother told me that within a few days she would take me home... (1a)....Дома на днях должны уже были сносить (Попов 1)....The houses were going to be torn down within a matter of days (1a).Мы по душам говорили сегодня, и она сказала, что я её физически не удовлетворяю. Разрыв ещё не оформлен, на днях, наверное» (Шолохов 2). "We had a heart-to-heart talk today and she told me I don't satisfy her physically. The break is not yet official, in a few days probably" (2a).Он сшил себе новую пару платья и хвастался, что на днях откроет в Глупове такой магазин, что самому Винтергальтеру в нос бросится (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). Не had a new suit made and boasted that any day now he would open such a store in Foolov that Winterhalter himself would have to sit up and take notice (1a).На днях вы ко мне придёте по вызову, как свидетель. Мы ещё вспомним эту беседу. До свидания» (Тендряков 1). "In a day or two I shall summon you officially as a witness. We shall then come back to what we're talking about now Goodbye" (1a).«...(Я) тебе на днях вышлю денег, сколько могу больше» (Достоевский 3). "...I'll send you some money in a day or so, as much as I can manage" (3a).Тут много было (у Ленина) и других расстройств. С Радеком - вперемежку дружба и ссоры... То ссора с Усиевичем... То — слух, что Швейцария на днях втянется в войну, жутковато... (Солженицын 5). There were many other things to disturb him (Lenin). He and Radek...were friends one day and quarreling the next... Then there was his quarrel with Usievich....Then there was the spine-chilling rumor that Switzerland would shortly be drawn into the war... (5a).Володя на днях поступает в университет... (Толстой 2). Volodya is about to enter the university... (2b). -
105 Д-243
HE ОСТАВАТЬСЯ/НЕ ОСТАТЬСЯ В ДОЛГУ (у кого, перед кем) VP subj: human usu. pfv) to respond to s.o. 's attitude, action etc with the same kind of attitude, a similar action etc occas., to remunerate s.o. for a favorX не остался у Y-a в долгу - X repaid YX paid Y back (in kind) X returned the favor (the compliment) (in limited contexts) X replied in the same vein (manner) (in refer, to a favor, kindness etc only) X made it up to Y (in refer, to a conflict, fight, revenge etc only) X paid Y back with interest X got even with Y X gave Y as good as X got X got back at Y.«Ты меня пожалела, а я в долгу не останусь!.. Ты, что понадобится, говори» (Шолохов 2). "You've been good to me, lass, and I'm going to pay you back!...So you just say if there's anything you need" (2a)«...Не только никаких Тихоновых и большинства Союза (писателей) нет для меня и я их отрицаю, но я не упускал случая открыто и прямо заявлять. И они, разумеется, правы, что в долгу у меня не остаются» (Гладков 1). "...Not only do Tikhonov and his like as well as most other members of the Union of Writers no longer exist for me, not only do I deny them, but I also lose no opportunity of saying so openly and plainly. And they, of course, are quite right to pay me back in kind" (1a).Квиты! Ты мне насолила, жизнь разломала, и я не остался в долгу. Сполна рассчитался (Абрамов 1). We're even! You did me dirt and smashed my life, and I've returned the compliment. So the score is settled (1a).Два дня спустя Дмитрий Алексеевич (Лопаткин) получил протокол заседания технического совета... Протокол заканчивался фразой: «Постановили признать нецелесообразным...» - дальше шли такие же знакомые слова... Дмитрий Алексеевич не остался в долгу... (Он) привычной рукой написал жалобу на имя начальника технического управления министерства (Дудинцев 1). Two days later Lopatkin received the minutes of the technical council's session....The minutes ended with the words: "it was decided to consider it unsuitable..." after which came other no-less-familiar phrases....He replied in the same vein...writing with a practiced hand a complaint addressed to the chief of the technical department of the Ministry (1a)....Наташенька, не сердись на меня, - сказал я. — Это было очень важно. Я в долгу не останусь...» (Зиновьев 2). "...Natasha, don't be angry with me," I said. "It was very important. But I'll make it up to you..." (2a).Говорят, его (Ситникова) кто-то недавно побил, но он в долгу не остался: в одной тёмной статейке, тиснутой в одном тёмном журнальце, он намекнул, что побивший его - трус (Тургенев 2). There is talk of someone having beaten him (Sitnikov) up not so long ago, but Sitnikov paid this fellow back with interest: in an obscure little article, published in an obscure little journalette, he hinted that the man who had beaten him up is a coward (2d). Rumour has it that he (Sitnikov) recently received a thrashing, but he got even with his assailant: in an insidious little paragraph squeezed into an insidious little journal he insinuated that his assailant was a coward (2a).Вышел оттуда (из чулана) Егорша покачиваясь, насквозь мокрый, будто вынырнул из воды, но довольный. «Досталось маленько, -сказал он, отряхиваясь и звонко шлёпая себя по мокрой груди. - Ну да я тоже не остался в долгу. Целое ведро на Раечку вылил» (Абрамов 1). Egorsha emerged (from the storeroom) - slightly unsteady and soaked through as if he had just taken a swim-but pleased. "I caught it a little," he said, shaking himself dry and slapping his chest. "But I gave as good as I got. I poured a whole bucketful over Raechka" (1a). -
106 вклад
contribution, investment• Вклад членов более высокого порядка мал. - The contributions of/from the higher terms are small.• Д-р Смит был недавно отмечен (наградой) за свой вклад в... - Dr. Smith was recently honored for his contributions in...• Д-р Смит был отмечен за свой вклад в... - Dr. Smith was recognized for his contributions in...• Д-р Смит внес существенный вклад в... - Dr. Smith has made significant contributions to...; Dr. Smith has had a considerable impact on the field of...• Это уравнение можно использовать для оценки вклада... - This equation may be used to estimate the contribution of... -
107 на днях
• НА ДНЯХ[PrepP; Invar; adv]=====1. very recently, not long ago:- a day or two (so) ago.♦ На днях в очередном мучительном разговоре о Чехословакии кто-то сказал: не надо при детях (Орлова 1). A few days ago, during a really painful conversation about Czechoslovakia, someone said: "Don't say anything in front of the children" (1a).♦ Он [Пастернак] рассказывает, что на днях кончил перевод "Ромео и Джульетты"... (Гладков 1). Не [Pasternak] told me that he finished [his version of] Romeo and Juliette the other day... (1a).♦...Расскажу о том, как мы на днях лишились своего начальника (Салтыков-Щедрин 2). I'd better tell you how we lost our chief a day or two ago (2a).2. very soon, on one of the following days:- any day now;- shortly;- [in limited contexts] be about (to do sth. < to happen>).♦ Мама сказала, что на днях возьмёт меня домой... (Каверин 1). Mother told me that within a few days she would take me home... (1a).♦...Дома на днях должны уже были сносить (Попов 1)....The houses were going to be torn down within a matter of days (1a).♦ "Мы по душам говорили сегодня, и она сказала, что я её физически не удовлетворяю. Разрыв ещё не оформлен, на днях, наверное" (Шолохов 2). "We had a heart-to-heart talk today and she told me I don't satisfy her physically. The break is not yet official, in a few days probably" (2a).♦ Он сшил себе новую пару платья и хвастался, что на днях откроет в Глупове такой магазин, что самому Винтергальтеру в нос бросится (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). He had a new suit made and boasted that any day now he would open such a store in Foolov that Winterhalter himself would have to sit up and take notice (1a).♦ "На днях вы ко мне придёте по вызову, как свидетель. Мы ещё вспомним эту беседу. До свидания" (Тендряков 1). "In a day or two I shall summon you officially as a witness. We shall then come back to what we're talking about now. Goodbye" (1a).♦ "...[ Я] тебе на днях вышлю денег, сколько могу больше" (Достоевский 3). "...I'll send you some money in a day or so, as much as I can manage" (3a).♦ Тут много было [у Ленина] и других расстройств. С Радеком - вперемежку дружба и ссоры... То ссора с Усиевичем... То - слух, что Швейцария на днях втянется в войну, жутковато... (Солженицын 5). There were many other things to disturb him [Lenin]. He and Radek...were friends one day and quarreling the next....Then there was his quarrel with Usievich....Then there was the spine-chilling rumor that Switzerland would shortly be drawn into the war... (5a).♦ Володя на днях поступает в университет... (Толстой 2). Volodya is about to enter the university... (2b).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на днях
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108 не оставаться в долгу
• НЕ ОСТАВАТЬСЯ/НЕ ОСТАТЬСЯ В ДОЛГУ(у кого, перед кем)[VP; subj: human; usu. pfv]=====⇒ to respond to s.o.'s attitude, action etc with the same kind of attitude, a similar action etc; occas., to remunerate s.o. for a favor:- [in limited contexts] X replied in the same vein (manner);- [in refer, to a favor, kindness etc only] X made it up to Y;- [in refer, to a conflict, fight, revenge etc only] X paid Y back with interest;- X got back at Y.♦ "Ты меня пожалела, а я в долгу не останусь!.. Ты, что понадобится, говори" (Шолохов 2). "You've been good to me, lass, and I'm going to pay you back!...So you just say if there's anything you need" (2a)♦ "...Не только никаких Тихоновых и большинства Союза [писателей] нет для меня и я их отрицаю, но я не упускал случая открыто и прямо заявлять. И они, разумеется, правы, что в долгу у меня не остаются" (Гладков 1). "...Not only do Tikhonov and his like as well as most other members of the Union of Writers no longer exist for me, not only do I deny them, but I also lose no opportunity of saying so openly and plainly. And they, of course, are quite right to pay me back in kind" (1a).♦ Квиты! Ты мне насолила, жизнь разломала, и я не остался в долгу. Сполна рассчитался (Абрамов 1). We're even! You did me dirt and smashed my life, and I've returned the compliment. So the score is settled (1a).♦ Два дня спустя Дмитрий Алексеевич [Лопаткин] получил протокол заседания технического совета... Протокол заканчивался фразой: "Постановили признать нецелесообразным..." - дальше шли такие же знакомые слова... Дмитрий Алексеевич не остался в долгу... [Он] привычной рукой написал жалобу на имя начальника технического управления министерства (Дудинцев 1). Two days later Lopatkin received the minutes of the technical council's session....The minutes ended with the words: "it was decided to consider it unsuitable..." after which came other no-less-familiar phrases....He replied in the same vein...writing with a practiced hand a complaint addressed to the chief of the technical department of the Ministry (1a).♦ "...Наташенька, не сердись на меня, - сказал я. - Это было очень важно. Я в долгу не останусь..." (Зиновьев 2). "...Natasha, don't be angry with me," I said. "It was very important. But I'll make it up to you..." (2a).♦ Говорят, его [Ситникова] кто-то недавно побил, но он в долгу не остался: в одной тёмной статейке, тиснутой в одном тёмном журнальце, он намекнул, что побивший его - трус (Тургенев 2). There is talk of someone having beaten him [Sitnikov] up not so long ago, but Sitnikov paid this fellow back with interest: in an obscure little article, published in an obscure little journalette, he hinted that the man who had beaten him up is a coward (2d). Rumour has it that he [Sitnikov] recently received a thrashing, but he got even with his assailant: in an insidious little paragraph squeezed into an insidious little journal he insinuated that his assailant was a coward (2a).♦ Вышел оттуда [из чулана] Егорша покачиваясь, насквозь мокрый, будто вынырнул из воды, но довольный. "Досталось маленько, - сказал он, отряхиваясь и звонко шлёпая себя по мокрой груди. - Ну да я тоже не остался в долгу. Целое ведро на Раечку вылил" (Абрамов 1). Egorsha emerged [from the storeroom]- slightly unsteady and soaked through as if he had just taken a swim-but pleased. "I caught it a little," he said, shaking himself dry and slapping his chest. "But I gave as good as I got. I poured a whole bucketful over Raechka" (1a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не оставаться в долгу
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109 не остаться в долгу
• НЕ ОСТАВАТЬСЯ/НЕ ОСТАТЬСЯ В ДОЛГУ(у кого, перед кем)[VP; subj: human; usu. pfv]=====⇒ to respond to s.o.'s attitude, action etc with the same kind of attitude, a similar action etc; occas., to remunerate s.o. for a favor:- [in limited contexts] X replied in the same vein (manner);- [in refer, to a favor, kindness etc only] X made it up to Y;- [in refer, to a conflict, fight, revenge etc only] X paid Y back with interest;- X got back at Y.♦ "Ты меня пожалела, а я в долгу не останусь!.. Ты, что понадобится, говори" (Шолохов 2). "You've been good to me, lass, and I'm going to pay you back!...So you just say if there's anything you need" (2a)♦ "...Не только никаких Тихоновых и большинства Союза [писателей] нет для меня и я их отрицаю, но я не упускал случая открыто и прямо заявлять. И они, разумеется, правы, что в долгу у меня не остаются" (Гладков 1). "...Not only do Tikhonov and his like as well as most other members of the Union of Writers no longer exist for me, not only do I deny them, but I also lose no opportunity of saying so openly and plainly. And they, of course, are quite right to pay me back in kind" (1a).♦ Квиты! Ты мне насолила, жизнь разломала, и я не остался в долгу. Сполна рассчитался (Абрамов 1). We're even! You did me dirt and smashed my life, and I've returned the compliment. So the score is settled (1a).♦ Два дня спустя Дмитрий Алексеевич [Лопаткин] получил протокол заседания технического совета... Протокол заканчивался фразой: "Постановили признать нецелесообразным..." - дальше шли такие же знакомые слова... Дмитрий Алексеевич не остался в долгу... [Он] привычной рукой написал жалобу на имя начальника технического управления министерства (Дудинцев 1). Two days later Lopatkin received the minutes of the technical council's session....The minutes ended with the words: "it was decided to consider it unsuitable..." after which came other no-less-familiar phrases....He replied in the same vein...writing with a practiced hand a complaint addressed to the chief of the technical department of the Ministry (1a).♦ "...Наташенька, не сердись на меня, - сказал я. - Это было очень важно. Я в долгу не останусь..." (Зиновьев 2). "...Natasha, don't be angry with me," I said. "It was very important. But I'll make it up to you..." (2a).♦ Говорят, его [Ситникова] кто-то недавно побил, но он в долгу не остался: в одной тёмной статейке, тиснутой в одном тёмном журнальце, он намекнул, что побивший его - трус (Тургенев 2). There is talk of someone having beaten him [Sitnikov] up not so long ago, but Sitnikov paid this fellow back with interest: in an obscure little article, published in an obscure little journalette, he hinted that the man who had beaten him up is a coward (2d). Rumour has it that he [Sitnikov] recently received a thrashing, but he got even with his assailant: in an insidious little paragraph squeezed into an insidious little journal he insinuated that his assailant was a coward (2a).♦ Вышел оттуда [из чулана] Егорша покачиваясь, насквозь мокрый, будто вынырнул из воды, но довольный. "Досталось маленько, - сказал он, отряхиваясь и звонко шлёпая себя по мокрой груди. - Ну да я тоже не остался в долгу. Целое ведро на Раечку вылил" (Абрамов 1). Egorsha emerged [from the storeroom]- slightly unsteady and soaked through as if he had just taken a swim-but pleased. "I caught it a little," he said, shaking himself dry and slapping his chest. "But I gave as good as I got. I poured a whole bucketful over Raechka" (1a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не остаться в долгу
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110 Recht
Recht n 1. RECHT law (Rechtsordnung, Rechtsnormen, objektives Recht); 2. RECHT right (to do sth) (das Recht etw. zu tun, subjektives Recht) • alle Rechte vorbehalten RECHT all rights reserved • auf die Rechte eines anderen übergreifen RECHT impinge on sb’s rights • das Recht haben RECHT have the right to • für Recht erkennen RECHT make a judgment, adjudge • im Recht sein GEN be in the right • in die Rechte eines anderen eingreifen RECHT impinge on sb’s rights • jmdm. das Recht erteilen, etw. zu tun GEN give sb the right to do sth • nach deutschem Recht RECHT according to German law • Recht haben RECHT be in the right • Recht übertragen GEN, RECHT alienate • Recht und Ordnung wiederherstellen RECHT restore law and order • Recht vorbehalten RECHT reserve a right • Rechte gewährt durch PAT rights afforded by • von einem Recht Gebrauch machen RECHT exercise a right • von Rechts wegen RECHT by law, de jure* * *n < Recht> 1. Rechtsordnung, Rechtsnormen law, 2. das Recht etw. zu tun right (to do something) ■ alle Rechte vorbehalten < Recht> all rights reserved ■ auf die Rechte eines anderen übergreifen < Recht> impinge on sb's rights ■ im Recht sein < Geschäft> be in the right ■ in die Rechte eines anderen eingreifen < Recht> impinge on sb's rights ■ jmdm. das Recht erteilen, etw. zu tun < Geschäft> give sb the right to do sth ■ nach deutschem Recht < Recht> according to German law ■ Recht übertragen <Geschäft, Recht> alienate ■ Recht und Ordnung wiederherstellen < Recht> restore law and order ■ Rechte gewährt durch < Patent> rights afforded by ■ von einem Recht Gebrauch machen < Recht> exercise a right ■ von Rechts wegen < Recht> by law, de jure* * *Recht
law, (Anspruch) right, claim, interest, title, (Befugnis) power, authority, (rechtliches Gehör) due process of law, (Gerechtigkeit) justice, (Rechtsstudium) jurisprudence, law, (Vorrecht) privilege;
• alle Rechte vorbehalten copyright entered at Stationer’s Hall, all rights reserved;
• aus eigenem Recht in one’s own right;
• ausschließlich aller Rechte (Wertpapier) ex all;
• mit gegenwärtigem Recht auf zukünftige Nutzung vested in interest;
• mit dem Recht des Substanzeingriffs (Pächter) without impeachment of waste;
• nach englischem Recht under English law;
• nach materiellem Recht upon the merits;
• ohne das geringste (jeden Anschein von) Recht without any colo(u)r of right;
• von Rechts wegen as of right, according to (by operation of) law, in duty bound;
• abgeleitetes Recht (EU) secondary legislation;
• abgetretenes Recht assigned right;
• abtretbares Recht transferable right;
• älteres Recht (Sachenrecht) paramount title;
• angeborenes Recht inherent right;
• angestammtes Recht birthright;
• nicht mehr angewandtes Recht law fallen into disuse;
• anwendbares (anzuwendendes) Recht governing (applicable) law;
• ausländisches Recht foreign law;
• ausschließliches Recht exclusive right;
• außerstaatliches Recht external law;
• bedingtes Recht contingent interest;
• begründete Rechte vested rights;
• vertraglich begründetes Recht contractual right;
• nebeneinander bestehende Rechte concurrent interests;
• zur Kaufpreissicherung bestelltes Recht purchase-money security interest (US);
• bindendes Recht binding law;
• bürgerliches Recht common (civil, private) law;
• aufschiebend bedingtes dingliches Recht executory interest;
• einklagbares Recht enforceable right;
• einzelstaatliches Recht (EU) national law;
• entgegenstehende Rechte conflicting rights;
• erworbene Rechte rights accrued, vested rights;
• formelles Recht law adjective, procedural law;
• geltendes Recht existing (established) law, law in force;
• am Ort des Vertragsabschlusses geltendes Recht law of the place where the contract is made;
• streitig gemachtes Recht threatened right;
• grundlegendes Recht fundamental right;
• gültiges Recht law in force;
• höchstpersönliches Recht right of persons, personal servitude;
• innerstaatliches (inländisches) Recht internal (domestic, national, municipal) law;
• internationales Recht international law, law of nations;
• materielles Recht substantive law;
• nachgewiesenes Recht proved claim;
• nachgiebiges Recht flexible law;
• naturgegebenes Recht inherent right;
• öffentliches Recht public law;
• originäres Recht natural right;
• persönliches Recht private (personal) law;
• staatsbürgerliche Rechte civil rights;
• stärkeres Recht title paramount;
• genau umschriebene Rechte definite rights;
• unabdingbares Recht inalienable right;
• unbestrittenes Recht clear title;
• ungeschriebenes Recht unwritten law;
• verbriefte Rechte (Verfassung) vested (chartered) rights;
• verfassungsmäßig verbürgtes Recht constitutional right;
• vererbliche Rechte incorporeal hereditaments;
• verjährtes Recht statute-barred right;
• vertragliches Recht contractual right;
• vertragsähnliches Recht quasi-contractual right;
• verwirktes Recht forfeited right;
• im Rang vorgehendes Recht senior title;
• wohlerworbene Rechte duly acquired rights, (Verfassung) vested rights (US);
• Recht des Aberntens [auch nach Beendigung der Pachtzeit] (Pächter) right to emblement;
• Recht auf Abtretung der Ersatzansprüche right of subrogation;
• Recht auf Akteneinsicht right to inspect files;
• Recht auf Arbeit right to work, employment right;
• Rechte von schwangeren oder stillenden Arbeitnehmerinnen rights for working women who are pregnant or breastfeeding;
• Recht auf ungestörte Aussicht right of view;
• Recht zur Banknotenausgabe note-issuing privilege (Br.);
• Recht auf Beanstandung right to [lodge] complaint;
• Recht auf vorzugsweise Befriedigung im Konkursverfahren priority (preference) claim;
• Recht auf Beibehaltung des Arbeitsplatzes bei Entlassungen bumping right;
• Rechte Dritter third-party rights;
• Recht am geistiges Eigentum intellectual property right;
• handelsbezogene Rechte am geistigen Eigentum trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS);
• Recht auf Einsichtnahme right to inspect;
• Recht auf Einsichtnahme in die Geschäftsbücher right of access to the books;
• individuelles Recht auf Elternurlaub individual right to parental leave;
• Recht auf gleiches Entgelt bei gleicher Arbeit right to equal pay for equal work;
• Recht auf gleiches Entgelt bei gleicher bzw. gleichwertiger Arbeit right to equal pay for equal work or work of equal value;
• Recht auf Entnahme right of withdrawal;
• Rechte gutgläubiger Erwerber rights of innocent purchasers;
• ausschließliches Recht zur Fernsehwerbung exclusive right to broadcast television advertising;
• gleiche Rechte für Frauen und Männer (EU)equal rights and opportunities for women and men;
• Rechte und Freiheiten der ideologischen und philosophischen Minderheiten rights and liberties of ideological and philosophical minorities;
• Recht auf Freizügigkeit right to free movement;
• Recht auf Gegendarstellung right of reply;
• Recht auf Gegenseitigkeit law of reciprocity;
• Rechte an einem Grundstück legal interests in land, chattels real;
• Recht der Handelsvertreter agency law;
• Recht der unerlaubten Handlungen law of torts;
• sachenrechtsähnliches Recht an Immobilien equitable state;
• Recht im Internet cyberlaw;
• Recht der Kapitalgesellschaften company law (Br.);
• Recht des Kaufvertrags law of sales;
• Rechte der Mehrheit majority rights;
• Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung freedom of speech, right to speak;
• Rechte der Minderheit minority rights;
• Recht auf Nachlassbeschränkung (Erbe) benefit of inventory;
• Recht der Niederlassung right of settlement;
• Rechte einer juristischen Person corporate rights;
• Rechte und Pflichten rights and liabilities;
• Recht der Produkthaftung product liability law;
• Recht auf Rückkehr an den gleichen oder einen gleichwertigen Arbeitsplatz right to return to the same or an equivalent job;
• Rechte an Sachen right of things;
• Recht an beweglichen Sachen chattel interest;
• Recht des Schadenersatzes law of damages;
• Recht auf Schutz der Intimsphäre right of privacy;
• Recht auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung self-determination right in information;
• Recht auf Selbstverteidigung inherent right of self-defence;
• Recht auf Stellvertretung law of agency;
• Recht der Vereinigungsfreiheit right of freedom of association;
• Rechte und Verpflichtungen aus einem Vertrag rights and obligations arising under a contract;
• Rechte des Wechselinhabers holder’s right;
• Recht auf Wiederinbesitznahme right of reentry;
• Rechte von Wöchnerinnen rights for working women who have recently given birth;
• jem. ein Recht aberkennen to divest s. o. of a right;
• Recht abtreten to assign (cede) a right;
• sich jds. Rechte anmaßen to usurp s. one’s rights;
• über die Rechte in anderen EU-Mitgliedstaaten aufklären to inform of the rights in other EU countries;
• Recht ausüben to exercise a right;
• Recht auf den Bezug junger Aktien ausüben to exercise the right to subscribe for new shares (stocks, US);
• Recht beanspruchen to vindicate a claim;
• jds. Rechte beeinträchtigen to prejudice (encroach upon) s. one’s rights;
• sich eines Rechtes begeben to abandon (surrender) a right;
• auf seinem Recht bestehen to insist on one’s right, to exact one’s pound of flesh;
• zu Recht bestehen to be good in law;
• Recht beugen to stretch law, to pervert the course of justice;
• seine Rechte gerichtlich durchsetzen to enforce one’s rights;
• in vertragliche Rechte eingreifen to impair the obligations of a contract;
• in jds. Rechte eintreten to succeed to s. one’s rights;
• für Recht erkennen to hold, to adjudicate, to find;
• Recht ersitzen to prescribe to a right;
• Recht auf Selbstbestimmung garantieren to guarantee (safeguard) the right of self-determination;
• eines Rechtes verlustig gehen to forfeit a right;
• Recht genießen (haben) to enjoy a right;
• Recht auf seiner Seite haben to have a strong case;
• Recht erlöschen (verfallen) lassen to allow a right to lapse;
• von seinem guten Recht Gebrauch machen to exercise one’s perfectly valid right;
• jem. ein Recht streitig machen to contest s. one’s right;
• seine Rechte missbrauchen to exceed (act in excess of) one’s rights;
• sein Recht in Anspruch nehmen to push one’s demands;
• jds. Rechte schmälern to curtail (entrench, restrain) s. one’s rights;
• im Recht sein to have the law on one’s side;
• unvereinbar mit dem Recht der Europäischen Union sein to be inconsistent with European Community law;
• Recht sprechen to dispense (administer) justice, to judge;
• j. im Genuss seiner Rechte stören to disturb s. o. in the lawful enjoyment of rights;
• Recht mit Füßen treten to fly in the face of the law;
• Recht übertragen to assign (transfer) a right;
• Recht verdrehen to pervert the course of justice, to twist the law;
• jem. ein Recht verleihen to confer a right upon s. o.;
• Recht verletzen to infringe a right;
• jds. Rechte verletzen to trespass on s. one’s rights;
• auf ein Recht verzichten to relinquish (disclaim) a right;
• sich ein Recht vorbehalten to reserve a right for o. s.;
• Recht wahren to safeguard a right;
• Recht auf Freizügigkeit wahrnehmen to take advantage of the right to free movement;
• nach dem Recht des Wohnsitzes beurteilt werden to be governed by the law of domicile;
• den Arbeitern ein verbrieftes Recht auf Grundkapitalbeteiligung zugestehen to give workers a recognized right to a bit of the equity. -
111 ehemalig
Adj. nur attr. former, ex-..., bes. Am. auch one-time...; (alt) old; (verstorben) late; die ehemalige Sowjetunion / Sakristei etc. auch what used to be the Soviet Union / the vestry etc.; die ehemalige Fleet Street etc. auch Fleet Street etc. as it was* * *antique; former; ancient; past; old* * *ehe|ma|lig ['eːəmaːlɪç]adj attrformerdie Ehemaligen einer Schulklasse — the ex-pupils or former pupils of a class
die Ehemaligen seiner Klasse — his former classmates
ein éhemaliger Häftling — an ex-convict
ein Ehemaliger (inf) — an old lag (Brit inf), an ex-con (inf)
* * *(recently, but no longer, holding an office or position: Mr Allan, the late chairman, made a speech.) late* * *ehe·ma·lig[ˈe:əma:lɪç]adj attr former* * *Adjektiv formerseine ehemalige Frau — his ex-wife
seine Ehemalige/ihr Ehemaliger — (ugs.) his/her ex (coll.)
* * *die ehemalige Sowjetunion/Sakristei etc auch what used to be the Soviet Union/the vestry etc;* * *Adjektiv formerseine Ehemalige/ihr Ehemaliger — (ugs.) his/her ex (coll.)
* * *adj.ancient adj.former adj.quondam adj. -
112 Reden
I v/i1. (sprechen) speak ( mit to, with); (sich unterhalten) talk (to, with); (plaudern) chat (to, with); reden über (+Akk) talk about; stundenlang / ununterbrochen reden talk for hours / incessantly; sie redet zu laut / leise she speaks too loudly / softly; reden wir nicht mehr darüber let’s forget it; man redet davon, dass... there is talk that...; man redet von über 50 Toten there is talk of over 50 dead, a death toll of over 50 has been mentioned; darüber lässt sich reden it’s a possibility; im Schlaf reden talk in one’s sleep; er hat kein Wort geredet he didn’t say a word, he didn’t open his mouth once; rede doch ( endlich)! say something!; mit sich selbst oder vor sich hin reden talk to o.s.; mit den Händen reden gesticulate; von... gar nicht zu reden not to mention...; da wir gerade davon reden as we’re on the subject; er redet, wie er denkt he says (exactly) what he thinks; er redet anders, als er denkt what he says and what he thinks are two different things; du hast gut reden it’s all very well for you to talk, you can talk; wir reden später we’ll talk about it later; da redet man ja gegen eine Wand it’s like talking to a brick wall2. (eine Rede halten) speak; gut reden können be a good speaker; er hört sich gern reden he likes the sound of his own voice3. (erörtern) discuss; über Politik reden talk politics; über Gott und die Welt reden talk about everything under the sun4. (klatschen) talk; lass die Leute reden let people talk; man redet über sie people are talking about her; im Büro wird viel geredet there’s a lot of gossip in the office; er redet zu viel he is a talker5. reden mit (kommunizieren) speak ( oder talk) to; sie reden nicht miteinander they’re not speaking ( oder talking) to each other, they’re not on speaking terms; mit sich reden lassen be willing to listen ( oder discuss things); bei Geschäft: be open to offers; sie lässt nicht mit sich reden she won’t listen (to anyone); so lasse ich nicht mit mir reden I won’t be spoken to like that; unter... lassen wir gar nicht mit uns reden under..., we’re not interested; er weigert sich, mit uns zu reden he refuses to talk to us; ich habe mit dir zu reden I’d like a word with you; kannst du mal mit ihm reden? can you have a word with him?6. von sich reden machen (bekannt werden) get talked about; er macht als Rennfahrer von sich reden he’s made a name for himself as a racing driver (Am. racecar driver); neulich hat er mit einem Film von sich reden gemacht he recently got into the news with a film (Am. auch movie)7. umg. (verraten) talk; irgendjemand hat geredet someone has talked; du sollst reden! talk, damn you!; rede, sonst geht es dir schlecht! talk or you’re in for it!; hat sie geredet? did she talk?II v/t speak, say; kein Wort reden not speak ( oder say) a word; viel reden talk a lot; er redet lauter Unsinn he talks nothing but rubbish (Am. nonsense); red keinen Quatsch! umg. stop talking rubbish (Am. nonsense)!; was redest du da? what are you going on about?; was du wieder redest! there you go again!III v/refl sich heiser reden talk oneself hoarse; er redete sich in Zorn he went on and on until he got really angry; siehe auch sprechen* * *to speak; to say; to talk* * *re|den ['reːdn]1. vi1) (= sprechen) to talk, to speakReden während des Unterrichts — talking in class
mit sich selbst/jdm réden — to talk or speak to oneself/sb
wie red(e)st du denn mit deiner Mutter! — that's no way to talk or speak to your mother
so lasse ich nicht mit mir réden! — I won't be spoken to like that!
mit jdm über jdn/etw réden — to talk or speak to or with sb about sb/sth
réden wir nicht mehr davon or darüber — let's not talk or speak about it any more, let's drop it (inf)
das Buch/er macht viel von sich réden — everyone is talking about the book/him
du hast gut or leicht réden! — it's all very well for you (to talk)
ich habe mit Ihnen zu réden! — I would like to speak or talk to you, I would like a word with you
darüber lässt or ließe sich réden — that's a possibility; (über Preis, Bedingungen) I think we could discuss that
darüber lässt or ließe sich eher réden — that's more like it, now you're talking
sie lässt nicht mit sich réden — she is adamant; (bei eigenen Forderungen auch) she won't take no for an answer
Reden ist Silber, Schweigen ist Gold (Prov) — (speech is silver but) silence is golden (Prov)
das ist ja mein Reden ( seit 33) (inf) — I've been saying that for (donkey's (Brit inf)) years
See:2) (= klatschen) to talk (über +acc about)schlecht von jdm réden — to talk or speak ill of sb
3) (= eine Rede halten) to speaker redet nicht gern[e] öffentlich — he doesn't like public speaking
er kann gut réden — he is a good speaker
frei réden — to speak extempore, to speak without notes
jdn zum Reden bringen — to get sb to talk, to make sb talk
er will nicht réden — he won't talk
2. vteinige Worte réden — to say a few words
kein Wort réden — not to say or speak a word
etw von der Seele or vom Herzen réden — to get sth off one's chest
2) (= klatschen) to sayes kann dir doch nicht egal sein, was über dich geredet wird — it must matter to you what people say about you
Schlechtes von jdm or über jdn réden — to say bad things about sb
damit die Leute wieder was zu réden haben — so that people have something to talk about again
3. vrsich heiser réden — to talk oneself hoarse
sich in Zorn or Wut réden — to talk oneself into a fury
* * *1) ((often with to or (American) with) to talk or converse: Can I speak to/with you for a moment?; We spoke for hours about it.) speak2) (to speak; to have a conversation or discussion: We talked about it for hours; My parrot can talk (= imitate human speech).) talk* * *re·den[ˈre:dn̩]I. vi1. (sprechen) to talk, to speak▪ mit jdm [über jdn/etw] \reden to talk to sb [about sb/sth]über manche Themen wurde zu Hause nie geredet some topics were never discussed at homewie redest du denn mit deinem Vater! that's no way to talk to [or speak with] your fatherer hat geredet und geredet he talked and talkedgenug geredet! enough talk[ing]mit ihr kann man nicht \reden you just can't talk to herdarüber wird noch zu \reden sein we shall have to come back to thatsie lässt mich nie zu Ende \reden she never lets me finish what I'm saying\reden während des Unterrichts talking in class\reden Sie doch nicht! come off it! famwas gibt es da groß zu \reden? so what?so nicht mit sich dat \reden lassen to not let oneself be talked [or spoken] to in such a way [or like that]so lasse ich nicht mit mir \reden! I won't be spoken to like that!mit jdm zu \reden haben to need to speak to sbdie Chefin hat mit dir zu \reden the boss would like to have a word with youmiteinander \reden to have a talk [with one another]sie \reden nicht mehr miteinander they are no longer on speaking terms2. (Gerüchte verbreiten)▪ über jdn/etw \reden to talk about sb/sth▪ es wird [über jdn/etw] geredet there is talk [about sb/sth]es wird bereits über dich geredet you are already being talked aboutschlecht von jdm \reden to talk [or speak] ill of sb3. (eine Rede halten)ich rede nicht gerne öffentlich I don't like public speakingwer redet morgen Abend? who is to speak tomorrow evening?gut \reden können to be a good speaker4. (ausdiskutieren, verhandeln)darüber lässt sich \reden that's a possibility, we can certainly discuss thatdarüber ließe sich eher \reden that's more like itmit sich dat [über etw akk] \reden lassen (gesprächsbereit sein) to be willing to discuss [sth]; (kompromissbereit sein) to be open to persuasion; (in Bezug auf Angebote, Preis) to be open to offerssie lässt nicht mit sich \reden she is adamant; (bei eigenen Ansprüchen a.) she won't take no for an answersie will nicht \reden she won't talknun red schon, was hat er gesagt? come on, spill the beans, what did he say? famjdn zum R\reden bringen to make sb talk6.▶ du hast gut [o leicht] \reden it's easy [or all very well] for you to talksie macht zurzeit viel von sich \reden everyone is talking about her at the momentder Film, der so viel von sich \reden macht, hält nicht, was er verspricht the film which everyone is talking about doesn't live up to expectations▶ nicht zu \reden von... not to mention...II. vt1. (sagen)▪ etw \reden to say sthich möchte gerne hören, was ihr redet I'd like to hear what you're sayingetw zu \reden haben to have sth to talk aboutviel/wenig \reden to talk a lot/not talk muches wird immer viel geredet there is always a lot of talkkein Wort \reden to not say [or speak] a word2. (klatschen)▪ etw [über jdn/etw] \reden to say sth [about sb/sth]damit die Leute wieder etwas zu \reden haben so that people have something to talk about again▪ es wird [über jdn/etw] geredet:in so einem Dorf wird natürlich viel geredet in a village like that naturally people talk a lotes wird schon über uns geredet we're being talked aboutes kann dir doch egal sein, was über dich geredet wird it should not matter to you what people say about you3.* * *1.transitives Verb talk2.kein Wort reden — not say or speak a word
intransitives Verb1) (sprechen) talk; speakviel/wenig reden — talk a lot (coll.) /not talk much
2) (sich äußern, eine Rede halten) speaker lässt mich nicht zu Ende reden — he doesn't let me finish what I'm saying; s. auch gut 2. 2)
3) (sich unterhalten) talkmit jemandem/über jemanden reden — talk to/about somebody
miteinander reden — have a talk [with one another]
3.mit sich reden lassen — (bei Geschäften) be open to offers; (bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten) be willing to discuss the matter
reflexives Verbsich heiser/in Wut reden — talk oneself hoarse/into a rage
* * *müde/heiser vom vielen Reden exhausted/hoarse from all this talking;mir fällt das Reden schwer I find it difficult to talk about it;jemanden zum Reden bringen get sb to talk;mit dem Reden tut er sich nicht schwer he has no problems ( oder inhibitions about) talking;all mein Reden war umsonst I might as well have been talking to a brick wall;Reden ist Silber, Schweigen ist Gold sprichw (speech is silvern,) silence is golden* * *1.transitives Verb talk2.kein Wort reden — not say or speak a word
intransitives Verb1) (sprechen) talk; speakviel/wenig reden — talk a lot (coll.) /not talk much
2) (sich äußern, eine Rede halten) speaker lässt mich nicht zu Ende reden — he doesn't let me finish what I'm saying; s. auch gut 2. 2)
3) (sich unterhalten) talkmit jemandem/über jemanden reden — talk to/about somebody
miteinander reden — have a talk [with one another]
3.mit sich reden lassen — (bei Geschäften) be open to offers; (bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten) be willing to discuss the matter
reflexives Verbsich heiser/in Wut reden — talk oneself hoarse/into a rage
* * *(zu) v.to talk (to) v. (über, von) v.to speak (about) v. v.to discourse v. -
113 atento
adj.1 attentive, heedful, careful, alert.2 attentive, courteous, heedful, helpful.3 polite, courteous.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: atentar.* * *► adjetivo1 attentive2 (amable) polite, courteous\estar atento,-a a algo (prestar atención) to pay attention to something 2 (estar alerta) to be on the alert for something, keep an eye out for something, be on the lookout for* * *(f. - atenta)adj.* * *ADJ1) (=pendiente) [persona] attentive; [mirada] watchfultenéis que estar atentos en clase — you have to be attentive in class, you have to pay attention in class
estáte atento y avísanos si lo ves — stay alert o keep a look out and let us know if you see him
estar atento a — [+ explicación] to pay attention to; [+ peligro] to be on the alert for, be on the lookout for; [+ movimiento, ruido] to listen out for
hay que estar atento a cualquier error — you have to watch o listen out for the slightest mistake
2) (=cortés) attentiveun dependiente muy atento — a very helpful o attentive sales assistant
como indicaba en su atenta carta — frm as indicated in your kind letter frm
su atento y seguro servidor — frm yours truly
3)atento a algo — in view of sth, in consideration of sth frm
atento a que — considering that, in view of the fact that
* * *- ta adjetivo1)a) ( que presta atención) <alumno/público> attentiveb) ( alerta)atento! que te quemás! — (como interj) (RPl) watch out, you'll burn yourself!
2)a) ( amable) <esposo/anfitrión/camarero> attentiveen respuesta a su atenta carta — (Corresp) (frml) in reply to your kind letter
b) ( cortés) courteous* * *- ta adjetivo1)a) ( que presta atención) <alumno/público> attentiveb) ( alerta)atento! que te quemás! — (como interj) (RPl) watch out, you'll burn yourself!
2)a) ( amable) <esposo/anfitrión/camarero> attentiveen respuesta a su atenta carta — (Corresp) (frml) in reply to your kind letter
b) ( cortés) courteous* * *atento11 = careful, observant, vigilant, watchful, alert.Nota: Adjetivo.Ex: The format of the description in an analytical entry requires careful consideration.
Ex: Every member of staff has a duty to be observant where safety is concerned.Ex: After a discussion of the historical background to copyright, the reasons why libraries have had to become vigilant about infringement of copyright are examined.Ex: Though in the teacher's case it does mean that he is more watchful for opportunities.Ex: The alert interviewer may secure valuable unsolicited information as a by-product.* estar atento a = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.atento22 = attentive, considerate, obliging, kind [kinder -comp., kindest -sup.].Ex: Thus in an attentive reader literature is expansive, visionary, challenging, subversive, in the true and best sense.
Ex: Library users fall into 4 groups: (1) patrons, who are considerate, grateful and undemanding; (2) 'pests' -- the in considerate; (3) 'pirates' who steal, deface and mutilate library property and materials; (4) 'vampires' whose enquiries make excessive demands upon the librarian's time.Ex: There are different styles of handling interpersonal conflict such as integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising.Ex: I would like to extend my thanks to our host who was kind enough to invite me.* * *atento -taA1 (que presta atención) ‹alumno/público› attentiveestáte atento pay attentionestar atento A algo to pay attention TO sthnunca está atento a las explicaciones he never pays attention o listens when you explain things to him2(alerta): estáte atento y avísame si viene alguien stay alert and let me know if anyone comesescuchaba con oídos atentos she listened attentively o carefully¡atento! ¡que te quemás! ( como interj) ( RPl); watch out, you'll burn yourself!estar atento A algo to be on the alert FOR sthestaba atento al menor sonido/movimiento he listened out for o was on the alert for the slightest sound/movementB (amable) attentiveun camarero muy atento a very attentive o helpful waiteres muy atento, siempre contesta a todas las cartas he's very courteous, he answers every letterse mostró poco atenta con los invitados she wasn't very attentive to her guests* * *
Del verbo atentar: ( conjugate atentar)
atento es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
atentó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
atentar
atento
atentar ( conjugate atentar) verbo intransitivo:
atento contra la seguridad del Estado to threaten national security
atento -ta adjetivo
1
estar atento (a algo) to pay attention (to sth)b) ( alerta):
estar atento a algo to be on the alert for sth
2
ser atento con algn to be kind to sb
atentar verbo intransitivo esta mañana atentaron contra la vida de un famoso escritor, there was an attempt on a famous writer's life this morning
atento,-a adjetivo
1 attentive: estáte atento a los niños, keep an eye on the children
2 (amable) considerate, thoughtful
' atento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
atenta
- correcta
- correcto
- para
- pendiente
- comedido
- cumplido
- mostrar
- recibir
- servidor
English:
alert
- appreciative
- attentive
- careless
- intent
- listen for
- listen out for
- mindful
- thoughtful
- watch out
- considerate
- inattentive
- obliging
- watch
* * *atento, -a♦ adj1. [pendiente] attentive;un alumno muy atento a very attentive pupil;una lectura atenta de la ley permite ver que… careful reading of the law shows that…;estar atento a [explicación, programa, lección] to pay attention to;[ruido, sonido] to listen out for; [acontecimientos, cambios, avances] to keep up with;escucha atento lo que te voy a decir listen carefully to what I'm going to tell you;se manifestaron bajo la atenta mirada de la policía they demonstrated under the watchful eye of the policetienes que ser más atento con los invitados you should pay more attention to your guests;¡qué chico más atento! what a nice young man!♦ interjRP Fam watch out!, be careful!;¡atento a la señal! wait for the signal* * *adj attentive;estar atento a algo pay attention to sth* * *atento, -ta adj1) : attentive, mindful2) cortés: courteous* * *atento adj1. (amable) kind / helpful2. (que presta atención) attentive -
114 conocido
adj.1 known, well-known, familiar.2 known, familiar, acknowledged.f. & m.acquaintance, nodding acquaintance, relation, acquaintant.past part.past participle of spanish verb: conocer.* * *1→ link=conocer conocer► adjetivo1 known2 (famoso) well-known► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 acquaintance* * *1. (f. - conocida)adj.1) familiar2) well-known2. (f. - conocida)noun* * *conocido, -a1. ADJ1) (=público) [dato] known; [persona] well-known2) (=familiar) familiarsu cara me es conocida — I recognize his face, his face is familiar
2.SM / F acquaintance* * *I- da adjetivo1) ( famoso) <actor/cantante> famous, well-known2)a) <cara/voz> familiarb) <hecho/nombre> well-knownIImás conocido como... — better known as...
- da masculino, femenino acquaintance* * *I- da adjetivo1) ( famoso) <actor/cantante> famous, well-known2)a) <cara/voz> familiarb) <hecho/nombre> well-knownIImás conocido como... — better known as...
- da masculino, femenino acquaintance* * *conocido11 = acquaintance, old friend.Ex: The 'empty sincerity' of the greeting one might exchange on passing an acquaintance on the street is not sufficient for reference enquirers, as Thomas Lee Eichman has recently explained.
Ex: To take an obvious example, in a new catalog how does our old friend the main entry fare?.* grupo de amigos y conocidos = social network.conocido22 = familiar, popular, renowned, known, old friend, commonly seen.Ex: For anyone involved with online searching, the equipment needed for electronic mail will be familiar: in addition to the microcomputer itself (which is the terminal), an acoustic coupler or modem will be needed.
Ex: Although the fifteenth edition met with some success, it was not generally popular.Ex: Jorge Luis Borges, though renowned chiefly as author, reflects in his works the very essence of libraries and librarians.Ex: Calls are being made for a code of ethics for bloggers in which weblogs should explicitly acknowledge known bias, misinformation, unsubstantiated facts and conflicts of interest.Ex: The Web's full embrace of constant change means that even old friend sites may be unrecognisable after technology facelifts.Ex: This typology divides humor comics into commonly seen subject areas, such as teen, kiddie, horror, military, and so on = Esta tipología divide los comics de humor en áreas temáticas conocidas como adolescentes, infantil, terror, militar, etc.* algo ya muy conocido y usado = old nag.* bien conocido = well-known, well-understood.* búsqueda de documento conocido = known-item search.* conocido de memoria = rote-familiar.* conocido de todos = well-known.* conocido familiarmente = familiarly known.* conocido internacionalmente = internationally renowned.* conocido, lo = known, the.* conocido mundialmente = world-renowned, world-renown.* conocido por = best remembered for.* conocido por todos = widely recognised, well-known.* conocido también como = a.k.a. (also known as).* de todos conocido = well-known.* en terreno conocido = on familiar grounds.* hacerse conocido = word + get out.* llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.* más conocido = best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA], mainstream.* más conocido como = better known as.* más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).* menos conocido = lesser known.* mundialmente conocido = world-renowned, world-renown.* nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.* poco conocido = obscure, little known.* por todos conocido = well-known.* ser algo bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser conocido por = famously, have + a track record of.* ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.* ser lo suficientemente conocido como para que = be sufficiently well known for.* ser muy conocido por = be well known for.* ser un hecho bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* terreno conocido = familiar grounds.* * *A (famoso) ‹actor/cantante› famous, well-knownB1 ‹cara/voz› familiarsu cara me resulta conocida her face is familiar2 ‹hecho/nombre› well-knownmás conocido por el sobrenombre de … better known as …es un hecho conocido que … it is common knowledge that …, it is a well-known fact that …masculine, feminineacquaintancele pasó lo mismo a un conocido nuestro the same thing happened to an acquaintance of ours o to someone we know* * *
Del verbo conocer: ( conjugate conocer)
conocido es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
conocer
conocido
conocer ( conjugate conocer) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ persona› to know;
( por primera vez) to meet;
‹ciudad/país› to know;◊ ¿conoces a Juan? do you know/have you met Juan?;
te conocía de oídas he'd heard of you;
lo conozco de nombre I know the name;
conocido a algn de vista to know sb by sight;
es de todos conocido he's well known;
quiero que conozcas a mi novio I want you to meet my boyfriend;
nunca llegué a conocidolo bien I never really got to know him;
¿conoces Irlanda? do you know Ireland? o have you been to Ireland?;
quiere conocido mundo she wants to see the world;
me encantaría conocido tu país I'd love to visit your country
2 (estar familiarizado con, dominar) ‹tema/autor/obra› to know, be familiar with;
‹ lengua› to speak, know
3
◊ conocían sus actividades they knew of o about his activitiesb)
‹identidad/intenciones› to reveal;
intentó no darse a conocido he tried to keep his identity a secret
4 ( reconocer) to recognize( conjugate recognize);
5 ( impers) ( notar):
se conoce que ya llevaba algún tiempo enfermo apparently he'd been ill for some time
verbo intransitivo ( saber) conocido de algo ‹de tema/materia› to know about sth
conocerse verbo pronominal
1 ( recípr) ( tener cierta relación con) to know each other;
( por primera vez) to meet;
( aprender cómo se es) to get to know each other
2 ( refl)
conocido◊ -da adjetivo
◊ más conocido como … better known as …
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
acquaintance
conocer verbo transitivo
1 to know
2 (por primera vez) to meet
3 (reconocer) to recognize
♦ Locuciones: dar a conocer, (hacer público) to make known
darse a conocer, to make one's name
conocido,-a
I adjetivo
1 (sabido) known
2 (familiar) familiar
3 (popular, famoso) well-known: es muy conocido en Suecia, he's very well-known in Sweden
II sustantivo masculino y femenino acquaintance: son unos conocidos míos que vienen a ver cómo estoy, these are acquaintances of mine that have come to see how I am
' conocido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
clásica
- clásico
- conocida
- familiar
- notoria
- notorio
- popular
- trascender
- tridimensional
- trillada
- trillado
- conocer
- contacto
- desconocido
- introducir
- malo
- mundialmente
- mundo
- oscuro
- poco
- sonar
English:
acquaintance
- Afro
- best
- devil
- established
- familiar
- fascinating
- foregone
- formerly
- guy
- historian
- known
- landmark
- little-known
- notorious
- obscure
- out
- parody
- public
- see
- well-known
- casual
- household
- well
* * *conocido, -a♦ adj1. [famoso] well-known2. [sabido] known;su último domicilio conocido her last known address;ese nombre me resulta conocido that name sounds familiar♦ nm,facquaintance;un conocido mío an acquaintance of mine, someone I know* * *I adj well-knownII m, conocida f acquaintance* * *conocido, -da adj1) : familiar2) : well-known, famousconocido, -da n: acquaintance* * *conocido2 n acquaintance -
115 diablo
m.devil.pobre diablo poor deviltener el diablo en el cuerpo, ser la piel del diablo to be a little devilmandar al diablo a alguien to send somebody packingmás sabe el diablo por viejo que por diablo experience is what really counts¿dónde/cómo diablos…? (informal) where/how the hell…?¡diablos! damn it!* * *1 devil, demon3 (malvado) wicked person\¡al diablo con...! familiar to hell with...!del diablo / de todos los diablos the devil of a...¡diablos! damn!enviar al diablo to send to the devil¿qué/dónde/cuándo diablos...? familiar what/where/when the hell...?■ ¿dónde diablos se han metido? where the hell have they got to?el abogado del diablo the devil's advocateun pobre diablo a poor devil* * *noun m.devil, demon* * *SM1) (=demonio) devilno le hagas caso, es un pobre diablo — don't pay any attention to him, the poor devil
como un diablo * —
del diablo o de mil diablos * —
hace un frío del diablo o de mil diablos — it's hellishly cold *, it's absolutely freezing
- ¡diablos! o ¡por todos los diablos!irse al diablo * —
el proyecto se fue al diablo — the project was a miserable failure, the project failed miserably
¡vete al diablo! — get lost! *
mandar al diablo * —
demoniodiablos azules — LAm DTs *, pink elephants *
2) * [como intensificador]¿cómo diablos se le ocurrió hacer tal cosa? — what on earth o what the hell made him do such a thing? *
¿quién diablos te crees que eres? — who on earth o who the hell do you think you are?
¡qué diablos! ¡yo también quiero ser rico! — damn it, I want to be rich too! *
3) Cono Sur (=carro) heavy oxcart* * *I- bla adjetivo (Chi fam)a) ( avispado) smart (colloq)b) < mujer> looseII1) ( demonio) devilcomo (el or un) diablo — like crazy o mad (colloq)
del diablo or de todos los diablos or de mil diablos — (fam) devilish (colloq)
donde el diablo perdió el poncho — (AmS fam) ( en un lugar - aislado) in the back of beyond; (- lejano) miles away (colloq)
irse al diablo — (fam)
vete al diablo! — go to hell! (colloq)
mandar a alguien al diablo — (fam) to tell somebody to go to hell (colloq)
mandar algo al diablo — (fam) to pack something in (colloq)
tener el diablo en el cuerpo — to be a devil
más vale diablo conocido que ciento (Chi) or (Arg) santo por conocer — better the devil you know than the devil you don't
2) (fam) ( uso expletivo)¿qué/quién/donde diablos... ? — what/who/where the hell... ? (colloq)
¿cómo diablos se habrá enterado? — how the hell can he have found out? (colloq)
* * *I- bla adjetivo (Chi fam)a) ( avispado) smart (colloq)b) < mujer> looseII1) ( demonio) devilcomo (el or un) diablo — like crazy o mad (colloq)
del diablo or de todos los diablos or de mil diablos — (fam) devilish (colloq)
donde el diablo perdió el poncho — (AmS fam) ( en un lugar - aislado) in the back of beyond; (- lejano) miles away (colloq)
irse al diablo — (fam)
vete al diablo! — go to hell! (colloq)
mandar a alguien al diablo — (fam) to tell somebody to go to hell (colloq)
mandar algo al diablo — (fam) to pack something in (colloq)
tener el diablo en el cuerpo — to be a devil
más vale diablo conocido que ciento (Chi) or (Arg) santo por conocer — better the devil you know than the devil you don't
2) (fam) ( uso expletivo)¿qué/quién/donde diablos... ? — what/who/where the hell... ? (colloq)
¿cómo diablos se habrá enterado? — how the hell can he have found out? (colloq)
* * *el diablo= devil, the, fiend.Ex: Recently parents and concerned citizens have increasingly challenged library books that feature witches, demons and the devil whether in fiction, mythology or mysticism.
Ex: These sensational fictions about 'female fiends' share formulaic elements of character and plot: the heroines are always white, of ambiguous class status, and always young and attractive.* ¿qué diablos...? = what on (this) earth...?.* abogado del diablo = devil's advocate.* actuar de abogado del diablo = be the/a devil's advocate.* caballito del diablo = dragonfly.* correr como alma que lleva el diablo = run for + Posesivo + life.* ¿dónde diablos...? = where on (this) earth...?.* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* hacer un pacto con el diablo = make + a pact with the devil.* irse al diablo = naff off.* pacto con el diablo = pact with the devil.* ¿Qué diablos...? = Heck!, What the heck...?.* ser justo hasta con el diablo = give the devil his due.* vender el alma al diablo = sell + Posesivo + soul to the devil.* * *1 (avispado) smart ( colloq)2 ‹mujer› looseA (demonio) devileste niño es el mismo diablo this child is a real devil o the devil himselfes un diablillo, no para de hacer travesuras he's a little devil, he's always up to somethingcomo (el or un) diablo like crazy o mad ( colloq)me duele como (el or un) diablo it hurts like crazy o mad, it hurts like hell (sl)corrió como un diablo he ran like the devil o like crazy o like madestá de un humor de mil diablos she's in a devil of a mood o in a filthy mood ( colloq)hace un calor de todos los diablos it's sweltering ( colloq)nos hizo un tiempo del diablo we had hellish o foul o terrible weather ( colloq)donde el diablo perdió el poncho ( AmS fam) (en un lugar — aislado) in the back of beyond; (— lejano) miles away ( colloq)¡vete al diablo! go to hell! ( colloq)tener el diablo en el cuerpo to be a devilel diablo las carga don't play with gunsmás sabe el diablo por viejo que por diablo there's no substitute for experiencemás vale diablo conocido que ciento ( Chi) or ( Arg) santo por conocer better the devil you know than the devil you don'tCompuesto:B ( fam)(uso expletivo): ¿cómo diablos se habrá enterado? how the hell can he have found out? ( colloq)¿qué diablos haces tú aquí? what the hell are you doing here? ( colloq)¿y tú quién diablos eres para darme órdenes? who do you think you are, ordering me around like that?, and who the hell are you to boss me around? ( colloq)* * *
diablo sustantivo masculino
1 ( demonio) devil;
como (el or un) diablo like crazy o mad (colloq);
del diablo or de mil diablos (fam) devilish (colloq);◊ está de un humor de mil diablos she's in a devil of a mood (colloq);
donde el diablo perdió el poncho (AmS fam) ( en un lugar — aislado) in the back of beyond;
(— lejano) miles away (colloq);◊ mandar algo/a algn al diablo (fam) to pack sth in/to tell sb to go to hell (colloq)
2 (fam) ( uso expletivo):◊ ¿cómo/dónde/qué/quién diablos … ? how/where/what/who the hell … ? (colloq)
diablo sustantivo masculino
1 devil
2 exclamación ¡vete al diablo!, go to hell!
familiar ¿cómo/cuándo diablos...?, how/when the hell...?
Zool caballito del diablo, dragonfly
♦ Locuciones: abogado del diablo, devil's advocate
' diablo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- alma
- endemoniada
- endemoniado
- demonio
- diabólico
- satánico
English:
advocate
- devil
- evil
- fiend
- sod
- back
- dragon
- lost
- middle
* * *♦ nm1. [demonio] devil;cuando el diablo no tiene que hacer, mata moscas con el rabo the devil makes work for idle hands;más sabe el diablo por viejo que por diablo = experience is what really countsAndes, CAm diablos azules delirium tremens;diablo marino scorpion fish;diablo de Tasmania Tasmanian devil2. [persona astuta, maliciosa] devil;el extremo argentino es un auténtico diablo the Argentinian winger is a real wizard;este niño es un diablo that child is a little devil;el muy diablo tenía engañada a su mujer the old devil was cheating on his wife;pobre diablo poor devil;no era más que un pobre diablo he was just a sad case¿y usted quién diablos es? and who the devil are YOU?5. Compa diablos: esta comida huele/sabe a diablos this food smells/tastes disgusting;aquella música sonaba a diablos that music sounded dreadful;¡al diablo con…! to hell with…!;¡al diablo con los deberes! to hell with the homework!;como un diablo [mucho] like mad, like the devil;el corte me escocía como un diablo the cut was stinging like mad;del diablo, de mil diablos, de todos los diablos: hacía un frío del diablo it was colder than blue blazes;hoy tiene un humor de mil diablos he's in an absolutely foul mood today;esta máquina hace un ruido de todos los diablos this machine makes an infernal o incredible racket;Andes, RPdonde el diablo perdió el poncho in the middle of nowhere, in the back of beyond;irse al diablo: ¡vete al diablo! go to blazes!;se fue al diablo toda la operación the whole thing went to pot;Fammandar algo al diablo to chuck sth in;mandé al diablo los estudios y me puse a trabajar I chucked in university and got a job;Fammandar a alguien al diablo to tell sb to get lost♦ interjFam¡diablos! [¡maldita sea!] damn it!* * *m devil;un pobre diablo fig a poor devil;el diablo anda suelto fam it’s a terrible mess;tener el diablo en el cuerpo be a handful;mandar a alguien al diablo fam tell s.o. to go to hell fam ;¡vete al diablo! fam go to hell! fam ;¡al diablo con …! fam to hell with …! fam ;el diablo fam it’s really hot;de mil diablos, de (todos) los diablos fam terrible;¿qué diablos pasa aquí? fam what the hell is going on here? fam* * *diablo nmdemonio: devil* * *diablo n1. (demonio) devil2. (niño) little devil -
116 sostener
v.1 to support, to hold up.sostenme esto, por favor hold this for me, pleaseLa columna sostiene la pared The column supports the wall.Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.2 to defend (defender) (idea, opinión, tesis).sostener que… to maintain that…3 to support.4 to hold, to have (tener) (conversación).sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with somebody5 to sustain.La organización sostiene a María The organization sustains Mary.6 to maintain to.Ella sostiene tener crédito She maintains to have a credit.7 to claim to, to hold to.Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.Ella sostuvo ser la heredera She claimed to be the heiress.* * *1 (mantener firme) to support, hold up2 (sujetar) to hold4 figurado (soportar) to endure, bear, put up with5 figurado (defender) to defend, uphold7 figurado (alimentar) to support, keep8 figurado (velocidad, correspondencia, relación, etc) to keep up, maintain1 (mantenerse) to support oneself; (de pie) to stand up2 (permanecer) to stay, remain\sostener la palabra figurado to keep one's wordsostener una conversación figurado to hold a conversationsostener la mirada a alguien figurado to stare somebody out* * *verb1) to support2) hold3) defend, uphold4) maintain, sustain•* * *1. VT1) (=sujetar)a) [en las manos, los brazos] to hold¡sostén esto un momentito! — hold this a minute!
yo llevaba las cajas mientras él me sostenía la puerta — I carried the boxes while he held the door open for me
b) [en pie] [+ construcción, edificio, techo] to hold up, supportlos pilares que sostienen el puente — the pillars which hold up o support the bridge
las piernas apenas me sostenían — my legs could barely hold me up o support me
entró borracho, sostenido por dos amigos — he came in drunk, held up o supported by two friends
c) (=soportar) [+ peso, carga] to bear, carry, sustain frm2) (=proporcionar apoyo a)a) [económicamente] to supportalgunas de las alternativas sugeridas para sostener al club — some of the alternatives suggested to keep the club going
b) (=alimentar) to support, sustain frmla tierra no da para sostener a todo el mundo — the land does not provide enough to support o frm sustain everyone
c) [moralmente] to supportuna mayoría capaz de sostener al Gobierno — a majority large enough to keep o support the government in power
3) (=mantener)a) [+ opinión] to holdsostiene un punto de vista muy diferente — he has o holds a very different point of view
no tiene datos suficientes para sostener esa afirmación — she doesn't have enough information to back up o support that statement
la investigación no ha terminado, como sostiene el juez — the investigation has not concluded, as the judge maintains o holds
sigue sosteniendo que es inocente — she still maintains o holds that she is innocent
b) [+ situación] to maintain, keep upno podrán sostener su puesto en la clasificación — they won't be able to maintain o keep up their place in the ranking
los campesinos han sostenido desde siempre una fuerte lucha con el medio — country people have always kept up o carried on a hard struggle against the environment
•
sostener la mirada de algn — to hold sb's gaze4) (=tener) [+ conversación, enfrentamiento, polémica] to have[+ reunión, audiencia]sostuvo recientemente un enfrentamiento con el presidente — he recently had a clash with the president
5) (Mús) [+ nota] to hold, sustain2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( apoyar)a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos — it needed both of them to support him o hold him up o prop him up
b) ( en un estado) to keep2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have4)a) ( opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...
b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up5)a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustainb) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain2.sostenerse v pron1)a) ( no caerse)b) ( en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder — she managed to stay o remain in power
2) ( mantenerse)se sostiene a base de leche — she lives on o survives on milk
* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( apoyar)a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos — it needed both of them to support him o hold him up o prop him up
b) ( en un estado) to keep2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have4)a) ( opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...
b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up5)a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustainb) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain2.sostenerse v pron1)a) ( no caerse)b) ( en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder — she managed to stay o remain in power
2) ( mantenerse)se sostiene a base de leche — she lives on o survives on milk
* * *sostener11 = sustain, balance, hold.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio held.Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.
Ex: He lifted about five lines from the top of the nearest page on a setting rule and balanced it on his left hand, with the face of the letter towards him and the last line uppermost.Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.sostener22 = be + Posesivo + contention, contend, submit, uphold, underpin, hold, maintain.Ex: It is our contention that an understanding of such basic principles is fundamental to an appreciation of the many and varied contexts that the individual is likely to encounter.
Ex: The author contends that it is possible to view the search conducted with the aid of a series of menus as having strong similarities with the search through the hierarchy of a enumerative classification scheme.Ex: I submit that no ordinary, right-minded library user who is looking for Western Behavioral Institute is going to look under LA JOLLA, California.Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex: This process is underpinned by a patient-based information system which is timely, accessible and credible to all participants.Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.* sostener la opinión = argue.* sostener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.* sostener un punto de vista = assert + view, hold + point of view.* * *vtA (apoyar)1 ‹estructura/techo› to hold up, support; ‹carga/peso› to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos it needed both of them to support him o hold him o prop him up2 (en un estado) to keeplas fuerzas que lo sostuvieron en el poder the forces which kept him in powerlo único que la sostiene es la fuerza de voluntad it's sheer willpower that's keeping her going3 (sustentar) ‹familia› to support, maintainB (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹paquete› to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you o I'll keep hold of yousostén la puerta hold the door openponte un pasador para sostener el pelo put a barrette ( AmE) o ( BrE) slide in your hair to keep it in place ( o up etc)C ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to havesostuvieron una acalorada discusión they had a heated discussionno he sostenido nunca una relación duradera I've never had a lasting relationshipla polémica que sostiene con Godoy the dispute that he and Godoy are engaged in o that he is carrying on with GodoyD1 (opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que … I have always maintained o held that …2 ‹argumento/afirmación› to support, back upno tienes pruebas para sostener esa afirmación you don't have any proof to back up o support that statementE1 ‹lucha/ritmo/resistencia› to keep up, sustainla miró y ella sostuvo su mirada he looked at her and she held his gaze2 ( Mús) ‹nota› to hold, sustainA1(no caerse): la estructura se sostiene sola the structure stays up o stands up without supportestaba tan débil que apenas se sostenía en pie he was so weak that he could hardly standla planta ya no se sostiene the plant doesn't stand up on its own o can't support itself any more2 (en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder a pesar de la crisis she managed to stay o remain in power despite the crisisla economía se ha sostenido firme the economy has held o stood firmse sostuvo en su negativa he kept o stuck firmly to his refusalB(sustentarse): apenas puede sostenerse con lo que gana he can hardly support himself on what he earnsse sostiene a base de zumos y de leche she lives on o survives on fruit juice and milk* * *
sostener ( conjugate sostener) verbo transitivo
1 ( apoyar)
‹carga/peso› to bear
2 (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹ paquete› to hold;◊ no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3 ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to have
4
5
sostenerse verbo pronominala) ( no caerse):
apenas se sostenía en pie he could hardly stand
sostener verbo transitivo
1 (un peso, cúpula, etc) to support, hold up
(con la mano) sosténme el paraguas un momento, hold the umbrella for me for a moment
2 fig (un derecho, etc) to uphold
(una teoría) to maintain
3 (a la familia) to support
4 (negociaciones, una conversación) to have
' sostener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
coger
- mantener
- mirada
- sujetarse
- aguantar
- sostuve
- sujetar
- tener
English:
allege
- argue
- bolster
- contend
- hold up
- submit
- support
- sustain
- uphold
- hold
- prop
* * *♦ vt1. [sujetar] [edificio, estructura, lo que se tambalea] to support, to hold up;[objeto, puerta, bebé] to hold;cuatro columnas sostienen todo el peso de la cúpula four columns take o support the entire weight of the dome;sosténgame esto, por favor hold this for me, please;si no nos llegan a sostener nos hubiéramos peleado if they hadn't held us back, we'd have started fighting;sólo les sostiene su inquebrantable optimismo the only thing that keeps them going is their unshakeable optimism2. [dar manutención a, sustentar] to support3. [mantener] [idea, opinión, tesis] to defend;[promesa, palabra] to keep;sostienen su oferta/invitación their offer/invitation still stands;sostener que… to maintain that…4. [tener] [conversación] to have;[reunión, negociaciones] to hold, to have;sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;durante semanas sostuvo una agria polémica he was involved in a bitter dispute which lasted several weeks5. Fig [aguantar]el corredor no podía sostener aquel ritmo de carrera the athlete couldn't keep up with the pace of the race;era una situación imposible de sostener the situation was untenable;le sostuve la mirada I held her gaze* * *I v/t1 familia support2 opinión hold* * *sostener {80} vt1) : to support, to hold up2) : to holdsostenme la puerta: hold the door for mesostener una conversación: to hold a conversation3) : to sustain, to maintain* * *sostener vb2. (aguantar) to support3. (afirmar, mantener) to maintain -
117 उपनी _upanī
उपनी 1 P.1 To bring near, fetch; उपनयति मुनिकुमार- केभ्यः फलानि K.45,62; विधिनैवोपनीतस्त्वम् Mk.7.6; अन्नम् Ms.3.225; M.2.5; Y.3.122; तेन ह्युपनय शरम् V.5; R.1.52; Ku.7.72.-2 (a) To offer, present to; हरये स्वदेहमुपानयत् R.2.59; Bk.6.7; Ku.3.65; आर्य- स्यासनमुपनय Mk.9; M.3. (b) To hand over, give over; अन्तःपुरपरिचारिकामध्यमुपनीता K.11; Māl.1; Ś.1; U.2; अचिरोपनीता वः शिष्या M.1 recently made over (for in- struction).-3 To bring to, subject, expose or put to; आत्मा क्लेशस्य पदमुपनीतः Ś.1; R.13.39; K.173.-4 To bring about, cause, produce, accomplish; उपनयन्नर्थान् Pt.3.18; उपनयन्नङ्गैरनङ्गोत्सवम् Gīt.1; K.171.-5 To bring information, communicate.-6 To bring into any state, lead or reduce to; अयो$भेद्यमुपायेन द्रवतामुपनीयते Kām.11.47.-7 To take into one's possession, lead away, lead; K.169.-8 To bring near to oneself; i. e. invest with the sacred thread (Ātm. P.I.3.36); उप त्वा नेष्ये Ch. Up.4.4.5. क्षात्रेण कल्पेनोपनीय U.2; माणवक- मुपनयते Sk.; R.3.29; Bk.1.15; Ms.2.49,69,14.-9 To hire, employ as hired servants; कर्मकरानुपनयते Sk. -Caus. To cause (a master) to receive (a pupil), cause to invest with the sacred thread. तांश्चारयित्वा त्रीन्कृच्छ्रान् यथाविध्युपनाययेत् Ms.11.191. -
118 smagrire
smagrire v.tr. to make* thin (ner); to make* lose weight: la malattia l'ha smagrito, the illness has made him thinner◆ v. intr. → smagrirsi.◘ smagrirsi v.intr.pron. to get* thin; to lose* weight; to become* thinner: si è molto smagrito ultimamente, he has lost a lot weight recently.* * *[zma'ɡrire]1. vt2. vi* * *[zma'grire] 1.verbo transitivo [malattia, dieta] to make* [sb.] thinner, to make* [sb.] lose weight2.* * *smagrire/zma'grire/ [102][malattia, dieta] to make* [sb.] thinner, to make* [sb.] lose weightII smagrirsi verbo pronominaleto get* thin, to lose* weight. -
119 costruzione sf
[kostrut'tsjone]1) (fabbricazione) building, construction, (struttura: anche) Tecn, Gramm constructiondi recente costruzione — of recent construction, recently built
materiali/legno da costruzione — building materials/timber
le costruzioni — (gioco) building blocks
2) (edificio) building -
120 posu|nąć
pf — posu|wać impf (posunęła, posunęli — posuwam) Ⅰ vt 1. (przenieść sunąc) to move (on)- posunąć stolik do okna to move a table towards the window- posuwać ciężkie meble po podłodze to move heavy furniture across the floor2. przen. (doprowadzić do pewnej granicy) troskliwość posunięta do przesady overprotectiveness- posuwać odwagę do szaleństwa to carry courage to the point of recklessness- posunął żart za daleko he carried the joke too far, he went too far with his joke3. wulg. to fuck wulg.- posuwał ją przez parę miesięcy he fucked her for a few monthsⅡ vi przest. (podejść) posunął ku paniom w lansadach he approached the ladies with long swinging strides, he advanced towards the ladies with long swinging strides Ⅲ posunąć się — posuwać się 1. (przebyć pewną drogę) to progress, to advance- posunąć się do wyjścia to make one’s way towards the exit- posuwać się z wolna to move on slowly- posuwać się krok za krokiem a. noga za nogą to trudge wearily step by step, to drag one’s feet- samochód posuwał się z trudem po zatłoczonej jezdni the car was making slow progress a. negotiating its way on the busy road- praca nad słownikiem posuwała się pełną parą the work on the dictionary was in full swing- jego praca doktorska niewiele się posunęła he hasn’t made much progress with his doctoral thesis3. przen. (przekroczyć pewną granicę) posunąć się do rękoczynów to actually use force, to resort to fisticuffs- posunęła się do twierdzenia, że… she went as far as to assert that…- w dowcipkowaniu posunął się za daleko he went too far with leg-pulling a. wisecracking pot.4. (zrobić miejsce) to move on- posunąć się w ławce to move on a. down on the benchⅣ posunąć się książk. (postarzeć się) to age- dziadek ostatnio bardzo się posunął grandpa has aged a lot recently■ posunąć się w latach to grow old- posuwać nogami to plod (along), to trudge (along)- posunąć pracę/sprawę naprzód to make progress with one’s work/the matterThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > posu|nąć
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