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61 làirig
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62 loinn
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63 monahdh
a mountain range, Welsh mynydd, mons, Cornish menit, meneth, Old Breton - monid, Middle Breton menez, mountain: *monijo-, *menijo-, root men, eminere, English eminent. Cf. Welsh inscription Monedorigi, "mountain-king"; also middle Gaelic name of St Andrews - Rig-monath (Chronicles). The Irish monadh appears only in Lh.; O'Br. gives mónadh. The Gaelic word may have been borrowed from the Picts along with the place-names in which it appears: it is rare in Argyle topography. -
64 poll
I.a pool, a hole, mud, Irish, Early Irish poll, Welsh pwll, Cornish pol, Breton poull; from Late Latin padulus, pool, a metathesis of palus, paludis, marsh (Gaidoz), whece It. padula, Sp. paúl. Teutonic has Anglo-Saxon pól, English pool, Dutch poel, Old High German pfuol, German pfuhl. Skeat considers that poll is from Low Latin padulis, and that the Anglo-Saxon pól was possibly borrowed from the British Latin or Latin remains seen in place-names having port, street, - chester, etc. (Principles $$+1 437).II.poll, pollairnostril, Irish polláire, poll-sróna; from poll. -
65 dictionary
[ˈdɪkʃənərɪ] plural ˈdictionaries noun1) a book containing the words of a language alphabetically arranged, with their meanings etc:قاموسThis is an English dictionary.
2) a book containing other information alphabetically arranged:كِتاب معلومات مُرَتَّبَةٌ أبْجَدِيّاa dictionary of place-names.
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66 isle
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67 gъrbъ
gъrbъ; gъrba Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hump'Page in Trubačev: VII 199-201Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:gȓb `back' [m o];gȑba `hump' [f ā]Slovene:gȓb `hump, back, wrinkle' [m o];gŕba `hump, back, wrinkle' [f ā]Bulgarian:grăb `back' [m o];gắrba `hump' [f ā]Old Prussian:Certainty: -Page in Pokorny: 387Comments: In my opinion, it is preferable to separate * gъrbъ from -> *grǫbъ, * grubъ `coarse, rude'. Of course, the roots may have influenced one another. We may reconstruct * grbʰ-, if we wish to stick to Indo-European terms, perhaps an enlarged of a root meaning `bend' (cf. Mažiulis PKEŽ IV: 324-326).Notes:\{1\} The emendation is justified by many place-names, e.g. Gailgarben or Geylegarben `Weissenberg'. -
68 gъrba
gъrbъ; gъrba Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hump'Page in Trubačev: VII 199-201Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:gȓb `back' [m o];gȑba `hump' [f ā]Slovene:gȓb `hump, back, wrinkle' [m o];gŕba `hump, back, wrinkle' [f ā]Bulgarian:grăb `back' [m o];gắrba `hump' [f ā]Old Prussian:Certainty: -Page in Pokorny: 387Comments: In my opinion, it is preferable to separate * gъrbъ from -> *grǫbъ, * grubъ `coarse, rude'. Of course, the roots may have influenced one another. We may reconstruct * grbʰ-, if we wish to stick to Indo-European terms, perhaps an enlarged of a root meaning `bend' (cf. Mažiulis PKEŽ IV: 324-326).Notes:\{1\} The emendation is justified by many place-names, e.g. Gailgarben or Geylegarben `Weissenberg'. -
69 kъlpь
kъlpь Grammatical information: f. i; m. joPage in Trubačev: XIII 189-190Russian:kolṕ (dial.) `spoonbill' [f i]Old Russian:Polish:\{1\}Kashubian:kwɫṕ `swan' [m jo];ḱėɫp `swan' [m jo]Slovincian:kòu̯p `swan' [m jo], kòu̯pjă [Gens]Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:kȗp (Herc.) `swan' [m o];kȗf (Dubr.) `swan, pelican' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kulpisIndo-European reconstruction: KulP-i-Certainty: -Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Place-names derived from kieɫp- occur in various parts of Poland (see Bańkowski 2000: 665-666). -
70 ἀ- (3)
ἀ-Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The origin of the phenomenon is unknown; it is due to a non-IE language. The fact may be different from the Pre-Greek prothetic vowel.Page in Frisk: 1,1Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀ- (3)
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71 βρένδον
Grammatical information: m.\/n.?Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Messap.Etymology: Messapian word (EM), also found in place names, e. g. Βρεντέσιον = Brundisium. Further in north Germanic, e. g. Swed. dial. brind(e) `male elk', norw. brund (Latv. briêdis, prob. from Germ.); cf. without dental Alb. bri `horn, antlers' (Demiraj s.v.). - S. Krahe, Spr. d. Illyrier 1, 39; Rix, Beitr. z. Namenforschung 5, 115ff.Page in Frisk: 1,265Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βρένδον
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72 γράβαν
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: σκαφίον, βόθρον H. ModGr. (Laconia etc.) γράβα = τρώγλη, `hole', often in place names, s. Georgakas ByzZ 41, 360f., Rohlfs WB 461.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Germ.Etymology: With Kretschmer Arch. slav. Phil. 27, 234 from Germ., Goth. OHG graba `ditch'. Or from\/through Illyrian? S. also Hubschmid ZRPh 77, 1961, 432. Cf. γράβιον.Page in Frisk: 1,323Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γράβαν
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73 ἔπισσαι
Grammatical information: f. pl.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: For the formation cf. μέτασσαι f. pl. `lams of middle age' (ι 221); (perh. also the place names Ἄμφισσα, Ἄντισσα). Derivation uncertain; perh. a τ-ι̯ο-suffix (Schulze KZ 40, 412ff. = Kl. Schr. 71 n. 1), or - κ-ιο-. Acc. to Giles ClassRev. 3, 3f. ἔπι-σσαι would be analogical after μέτ-ασσαι = μετ-οῦσαι with archaic disappearance of the zero grade of the ptc. f. See Schwyzer 472 w. n. 2.Page in Frisk: 1,542Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔπισσαι
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74 κάνθαρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `kind of (dung-)beetle, Scarabaeus pilularius', also metaph. of a drinking cup, a kanoo, a fish (Strömberg Fischnamen 123f.), a woman's ornament (IA.)Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἡλιο-, κυκνο-κάνθαρος (Com.)Derivatives: κανθάριον name of a beaker (Att. inscr., Plu.); κανθαρίς a beetle, also name of a fish and a plant (Hp., Arist.); κανθάρεως name of a vine (Thphr.; - εως as in ἐρινεώς; s. on ἐρινεός), κανθαρίτης οἶνος (Plin.), both of the Κανθάριος ἄκρα on Samos (Str.), (also called Ἄμπελος, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 97); κανθαρίας name of a precious stone (Plin.); κανθαρώδης `κ.-like' (sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]; LW [loanword] Sem.Etymology: Not well explained. By Strömberg Wortstudien 10f. connected with the name of the ass, κάνθων, κανθήλιος (hardly probable) with the suffix as in χίμαρος, κίσσαρος a. o. (Chantraine Formation 226f.). - On the plant name κανθαρίς, ἀντικάνθαρον s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 140. Chantr. pointed out that there are anthroponymes Bechtel, H. Personennamen 582 and 589, as well as place names, as Κάνθαρος, a port of Piraeus, and concludes that it can be a term from Pre-Greek, with which I agree. - As there is an Acc. word kanda\/uru- `cup', in this meaning it will be a loan, Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 672,Page in Frisk: 1,776-777Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάνθαρος
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75 πάγασα
Grammatical information: f.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάγασα
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76 πίτυς
πίτυς, - υοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `pine, fir, spruce' (Hom., Hdt., Thphr.).Other forms: ep. dat. pl. - υσσιν.Compounds: Some compp., e.g. πιτυο-κάμπη f. `pine-caterpillar' (Dsc.; Strömberg Wortstud. 9), χαμαί-πιτυς f. plant-name (Nic., Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl. 61f., 109).Derivatives: Demin. πιτύ-διον n. (Plin., Theognost.). - ίς, - ίδος f. `pine-seed' (Dsc.), - ινος `made of pinewood' (Hp. Thphr.), - ώδης `rich in pines' (Alcm., Str.); - ουσα (v. l. - οῦσσα) f. `kind of milkweed, Euphorbia' (Dsc.; on the formation Strömberg Pfl. 43); - οῦσσαι f. pl. name of a group of islands on the Spanish coast; - οῦς, - οῦντος m. name of a town in the Black Sea (Str.), - εια f. town in Mysia (Β 829), - ασσος f. town in Pisidia (Str.); cf. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 155 a. 158.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: To πίτυς resemble on one hand Lat. pīnus f. `fir, pine' and Alb. pishë `fir, pine', both with unclear basis, on the other Skt. pī́tudāru-, pūtúdru etc. m. name of a tree. Further analysis quite uncertain; cf. the extensive treatment in Mayrhofer s. v. w. lit. Older lit. with untenable or quite doubtful conclusions in Bq, WP. 2, 74f., (Pok. 794), W.-Hofmann s.v.; s. esp. Benveniste BSL 51, 29 ff. with well-argued criticism of the usual collecting of several phonetically resembling forms which are semantically to be separated ( πίων, πίνω, πίτυς etc.). -- Furnée 260 compares the place names Πισύη = Πιτύη St. Byz. and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek; not very certain.Page in Frisk: 2,545-546Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίτυς
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77 πύργος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `tower, wall-tower', also the fortification wall itself (Il.), metaph. `closed division of warriors, column' (Il.), `siege-tower' (X.), `farm-building', (LXX, pap., NT; lit. in Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πυργο-δάϊκτος `destroying towers' (A. Pers. 105 [lyr.]; prop. `with destroyed towers'? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 82; s. also E. Williger Sprachl. Unt. zu den Kompp. der gr. Dicht. des V.Jh.s [Göttingen 1928] 45 n. 1), εὔ-πυργος `with fair towers, well-towered' (Η 71 a.o.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πυργ-ίον, - ίδιον, - ίς, - ίσκος, - ίσκιον, - ισκάριον (mostly hell. a. late); 2. - ωμα, mostly pl. - ώματα n. `tower structures' (Orac. ap. Hdt., A., E.); 3. πυργιτρον n. form a. meaning unclear (pap.VIp); 4. πυργ-ίτης n. `kind of sparrow' (Gal. a.o.; s. Redard 84 and on σποργίλος); - ῖτις βοτάνη H. 5. Adj. πύργ-ινος `consisting of towers' (A. in lyr.), - ειος `tower-like' (Ion., trag.), - ώδης `id.' (S.), - ῶτις `towered' (A. in lyr.; f. on *-ώτης, Redard 8); - ήρης `provided with towers, enclosed within towers or walls' (Orac. ap. Paus.) with - ηρέομαι `to be enclosed within towers or walls, to be besieged' (A., E.). 6. Adv. - ηδόν `columnwise' (Il.), `towerwise' (Aret.). 7. Verb πυργ-ῶσαι, - όω `to fence with towers, to pile up' (λ 264) with - ωτός `piled up' (Str. a.o.). 8. Πυργ-αλίδαι m. pl. n. of a guild in Kameiros (inscr.); after Τανταλ-ίδαι?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Building technical expression; because of the striking similarity with NHG Burg, Goth. baurgs `town, tower' by Kretschmer Glotta 22, 100ff. taken as German. LW [loanword] through Northbalkan. (Macedon. ?) mediation. By others taken as Pre-Greek (Pelasgian as a form of Indo-European can now be forgotten. s. Furnée 40-55; s. Heubeck Praegraeca 63ff. w. further lit. In the same way is considered Πέργαμος, - ον, -α `the citadel (of Troy)', also PlN, to NHG Berg, Hitt. parkuš `high' etc.), s. Heubeck l.c. (Pok. 140f.), where also on the H.-glosses φύρκος τεῖχος and φ\<ο\> ύρκορ ὀχύρωμα (on this also Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 3, 22 n. 1); there is also a stronghold in Elis called Πύργος (Hdt. 4, 148, Str.) and a Φύρκος (Th. 5,49) -- On Lat. burgus (from Germ. or only influenced by it?) W.-Hofmann s.v. with Nachträgen. -- The forms with φυρκ- show well-known Pre-Greek alternations. To Asia Minor may point Urart. burgana `palace'. As to Περγαμον, the suffix - αμο- is Pre-Greek (cf. κάρδαμον). (Its non-IE character is confirmed by the place names Περγασα\/ Παργασα\/ Βαργασα, Furnée 64 n. 268, cf. on πάγασα) So the word is a normal Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,629-630Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύργος
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78 minasurie
noun "enquiry" Þ; the word is actually cited as minaþurie in Ondonóre Nómesseron Minaþurie "Enquiry into the Place-names of Gondor". The editor tentatively analyzes minaþurie as \#mina "into" + \#þurie \#surië noun "seeking" VT42:17, 30-31. -
79 kleiner See
mmere Br. [liter., or in place names] -
80 Toponomastik
ftoponymy [study of the place names]
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