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21 unfold
• ilmaista• ilmetä• aukoa• aukaista• avautua• aueta• esittää• kehkeytyä• kehittyä• levittää• levittäytyä• hajottaa• kääriä auki* * *1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) avata2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) paljastaa -
22 unconscious
[ʌn'kɒnʃəs] 1.1) (insensible) privo di sensi, svenutoto knock sb. unconscious — fare perdere i sensi a o stendere qcn.
2) (unaware)to be unconscious of sth., of doing — non essere consapevole o cosciente di qcs., di fare
3) (unintentional) [bias, hostility] inconsapevole; [ impulse] involontario2.* * *1. adjective1) (senseless or stunned, eg because of an accident: She was unconscious for three days after the crash.) incosciente2) (not aware: He was unconscious of having said anything rude.) inconsapevole3) (unintentional: Her prejudice is quite unconscious.) inconsapevole2. noun(the deepest level of the mind, the processes of which are revealed only through eg psychoanalysis: the secrets of the unconscious.) inconscio- unconsciousness* * *unconscious /ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/A a.1 inconscio; inconsapevole: an unconscious fear [desire, gesture], un timore [desiderio, gesto] inconscio; unconscious humour, umorismo involontario2 (med.) incosciente; privo di sensi; svenuto: She lay unconscious for ten minutes, è rimasta svenuta per dieci minuti3 (psic.) inconscio; latenteB n.– (psic.) the unconscious, l'inconscio● to be unconscious of, non essere consapevole di; non accorgersi di □ (med.) to become unconscious, perdere conoscenza; svenire □ (med.) to knock sb. unconscious, far perdere i sensi a q. colpendolo, stordire q.: He was knocked unconscious and left for dead, lo hanno stordito e lasciato come mortounconsciously avv.* * *[ʌn'kɒnʃəs] 1.1) (insensible) privo di sensi, svenutoto knock sb. unconscious — fare perdere i sensi a o stendere qcn.
2) (unaware)to be unconscious of sth., of doing — non essere consapevole o cosciente di qcs., di fare
3) (unintentional) [bias, hostility] inconsapevole; [ impulse] involontario2. -
23 unfold
[ʌn'fəʊld] 1. 2.1) [deckchair, map] aprirsi; [flower, leaf] schiudersi2) fig. [scene, mystery] svolgersi* * *1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) spiegare, stendere2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) rivelare, svelare* * *[ʌn'fəʊld] 1. 2.1) [deckchair, map] aprirsi; [flower, leaf] schiudersi2) fig. [scene, mystery] svolgersi -
24 unconscious
1. adjective1) (Med.): (senseless) bewusstlos2) (unaware)be unconscious of something — sich einer Sache (Gen.) nicht bewusst sein
3) (not intended; Psych.) unbewusst2. nounUnbewusste, das* * *1. adjective1) (senseless or stunned, eg because of an accident: She was unconscious for three days after the crash.) bewußtlos2) (not aware: He was unconscious of having said anything rude.) unbewußt3) (unintentional: Her prejudice is quite unconscious.) unabsichtlich2. noun(the deepest level of the mind, the processes of which are revealed only through eg psychoanalysis: the secrets of the unconscious.) das Unbewußte- academic.ru/93130/unconsciously">unconsciously- unconsciousness* * *un·con·scious[ʌnˈkɒn(t)ʃəs, AM -ˈkɑ:n-]I. adj1. MED bewusstlos\unconscious state Bewusstlosigkeit fto knock sb \unconscious jdn bewusstlos schlagen2. PSYCH unbewusstthe \unconscious mind das Unbewusste [o Unterbewusste3. (unaware) unabsichtlich▪ the \unconscious das Unbewusste [o Unterbewusste]* * *[ʌn'kɒnʃəs]1. adjthe blow knocked him unconscious — durch den Schlag wurde er bewusstlos
to become unconscious — das Bewusstsein verlieren, bewusstlos werden
2) predI was unconscious of the fact that... — ich war mir or es war mir nicht bewusst, dass...
3) (= unintentional) insult, allusion etc unbewusst, unbeabsichtigt; blunder ungewollt, unbeabsichtigt; humour unfreiwilligshe was the unconscious cause of his unhappiness —
he was the unconscious tool of... — er wurde unwissentlich zum Werkzeug (+gen)...
at or on an unconscious level — auf der Ebene des Unbewussten
2. n (PSYCH)he probed his unconscious — er erforschte das Unbewusste in sich (dat)
* * *A adj (adv unconsciously)1. unbewusst:2. MED bewusstlos, ohnmächtig3. unbeseelt, leblos (Materie)5. unabsichtlich (Fehler etc)* * *1. adjective1) (Med.): (senseless) bewusstlos2) (unaware)be unconscious of something — sich einer Sache (Gen.) nicht bewusst sein
3) (not intended; Psych.) unbewusst2. nounUnbewusste, das* * *adj.besinnungslos adj.unbewusst adj. -
25 wash
wash [wɒ∫]1. noun• to give one's hands/face a wash se laver les mains/le visageb. ( = laundry) I do a big wash on Mondays je fais une grande lessive le lundi• your shirt is in the wash ( = being washed) ta chemise est à la lessivea. laver• to wash o.s. [person] se laver ; [cat] faire sa toilette• to wash one's hands/face se laver les mains/le visagea. ( = have a wash) [person] se laver ; [cat] faire sa toilettec. [waves, sea, flood] to wash over sth balayer qch• a wave of sadness/tiredness washed over him il a soudain ressenti une profonde tristesse/une grande fatigue4. compounds[stain] s'en aller au lavagea. [+ stain] faire partir au lavageb. [waves, sea, flood] ( = carry away) emporter ; [+ footprints] balayera. [+ deck, car] laver (à grande eau) ; [+ wall] lessiverb. [+ medicine, pill] faire descendre ; [+ food] arroser► wash off► wash outa. [dye, colours] passer au lavagea. ( = remove) [+ stain] faire partir au lavageb. ( = rinse) [+ bottle, pan] laverc. the match was washed out ( = prevented by rain) le match a été annulé à cause de la pluie► wash upa. (British) ( = wash dishes) faire la vaisselleb. (US) ( = have a wash) se débarbouillerb. [sea, tide] rejeter (sur le rivage) ; [river] rejeter (sur la berge)* * *1. [wɒʃ]1) [U] ( by person)to give [something] a wash — laver [window, floor]; nettoyer [object]; lessiver [paintwork]; se laver [hands, face]
to give somebody a wash — débarbouiller [child]
2) ( laundry process) lavage mweekly wash — lessive f hebdomadaire
in the wash — ( about to be cleaned) au sale; ( being cleaned) au lavage
3) ( from boat) remous m4) ( coating) gen couche f (de peinture); Art lavis m5) ( for face) lotion f2.noun modifierfrequent wash shampoo — shampooing m pour lavages fréquents
3. [wɒʃ], US [wɔːʃ]pen and wash drawing — dessin m à la plume et au lavis
transitive verb1) ( clean) laver [person, clothes, floor]; nettoyer [object, wound]; lessiver [surface]to wash one's hands/face — se laver les mains/le visage
2) ( carry along) entraîner [silt, debris]to wash somebody/something overboard — emporter quelqu'un/quelque chose par-dessus bord
3) littér ( lap against) lécher4) ( coat) Art laver; gen, Technology passer une légère couche de peinture sur [wall]4.intransitive verb ( clean oneself) [person] se laver, faire sa toilette; [animal] faire sa toilette; ( clean clothes) faire la lessive; ( become clean) se laver5.that excuse won't wash with me — (colloq) fig cette excuse ne me satisfait pas
to wash oneself — [person] se laver; [animal] faire sa toilette
Phrasal Verbs:- wash off- wash out- wash up••it will all come out in the wash — ( be revealed) tout finira bien par se savoir; ( be resolved) tout finira par s'arranger
to wash one's hands of — se laver les mains de [matter]; se désintéresser de [person]
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26 unfold
[ʌn'fəuld] 1. vt 2. vi* * *1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) rozłożyć, rozwinąć2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) wyjawić -
27 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) atvērt; atlocīt2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) atklāt; atklāties* * *atvērt, atraisīt; atraisīties, atvērties; izlaist aitas no aizgalda; atklāt; atklāties -
28 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) išskleisti2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) atskleisti -
29 unfold
v. öppna; avslöja, uppenbara; uppenbaras* * *1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) veckla upp (ut)2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) yppa, avslöja -
30 come out
vi1) ( go outside) herauskommen;( go out socially) ausgehen;can Zoe \come out out to play? kommt Zoe raus zum Spielen?;the police watched him \come out out of the house die Polizei beobachtete ihn, wie er das Haus verließ;to \come out out of prison aus dem Gefängnis kommenmy cooking always \come outs out a mess was ich auch koche, es schmeckt immer schrecklich;these figures have \come out out wrong diese Zahlen haben sich als falsch herausgestellt;your painting has \come out out really well Ihr Gemälde ist wirklich gut geworden;she came out of the divorce settlement a rich woman sie ging aus der Scheidung als reiche Frau hervor5) phot [gut] herauskommen;damn, the photo hasn't \come out out Mist, das Foto ist nichts geworden! ( fam)6) ( express opinion)7) ( tell)to \come out out with good ideas gute Ideen vorbringen;to \come out out with a remark eine Bemerkung loslassen ( fam)8) ( result)a lot of good films came out of that period aus dieser Zeit stammen viele gute Filme;a lot of inventions came out of his tireless research sein unermüdliches Forschen führte zu vielen Erfindungen10) ( in contest)to \come out [on strike] in Streik tretento \come out out to sb sich akk jdm gegenüber outen;to \come out out about sth alcoholism, mental illness, AIDS, homosexuality etw bekannt gebencan you get this cork to \come out out of the bottle? bekommst du den Korken aus der Flasche heraus?to \come out out in a rash/ spots einen Ausschlag/Pickel bekommenI didn't mean to be rude - it just came out that way ich wollte nicht unhöflich sein - es klang nur soPHRASES:it will all \come out out in the wash;(prov: be revealed) am Ende wird alles rauskommen;( be all right) am Ende wird schon alles gut gehen -
31 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) rozložit2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) odhalit* * *• rozvinout• rozložit• odhalovat -
32 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) rozložiť2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) odhaliť* * *• vypustit• rozvíjat sa• rozostriet• rozvinút(sa)• rozprestriet• rozvinút• roztvorit sa• rozložit• rozvinút sa• otvorit sa• otvorit náruc• otvorit• odhalit -
33 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.)2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) -
34 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) ξεδιπλώνω, ξετυλίγω2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) αποκαλύπτω, αναπτύσσω -
35 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.) déplier2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) révéler -
36 unfold
1) (to open and spread out (a map etc): He sat down and unfolded his newspaper.)2) (to (cause to) be revealed or become known: She gradually unfolded her plan to them.) -
37 wash
A n1 ¢ ( by person) to give [sth] a wash laver [window, floor] ; nettoyer [object] ; lessiver [paintwork, walls] ; se laver [hands, face] ; to give sb a wash débarbouiller [child] ; you need a good wash tu as besoin d'un bon débarbouillage ; to have a quick wash faire un brin de toilette ○ ; these curtains/your feet need a wash ces rideaux/tes pieds ont besoin d'être lavés ;2 ( laundry process) lavage m ; weekly wash lessive f hebdomadaire ; after only two washes après deux lavages seulement ; in the wash ( about to be cleaned) au sale ; ( being cleaned) au lavage ;5 Pharm lotion f ;6 ( swill) pâtée f.B modif frequent wash shampoo shampooing m pour lavages fréquents ; pen and wash drawing dessin m à la plume et au lavis.1 ( clean) laver [person, clothes, floor] ; nettoyer [object, wound] ; lessiver [paintwork, surface] ; to get washed se laver ; to wash everything by hand/in the machine laver tout à la main/à la machine ; to wash one's hands/face se laver les mains/le visage ; to wash sth clean laver [hands, clothes, floor] ; lessiver [paintwork] ; nettoyer [cut] ; to wash the dishes faire la vaisselle ;2 ( carry along) [tide, current] entraîner [silt, debris] ; to be washed out to sea être entraîné vers le large ; to be washed along by the tide être entraîné par la marée ; to be washed downstream être entraîné en aval ; to wash sb/sth ashore rejeter qn/qch sur le rivage ; to wash sb/sth overboard emporter qn/qch par-dessus bord ;4 ( dig out) creuser ; the water had washed a hole in the bank les inondations avaient creusé un trou dans le talus ;5 ( coat) Art laver [drawing] ; gen, Constr passer une légère couche de peinture sur [wall] ; ( with whitewash) badigeonner [wall] ; to wash a wall in pink passer une légère couche de rose sur un mur ; to wash sth with gold dorer qch au trempé [metal, coin] ;D vi2 ( clean clothes) faire la lessive ; I wash on Mondays je fais la lessive le lundi ; Whizzo washes whiter Advertg Whizzo lave plus blanc ;3 ( become clean) se laver ; to wash easily/well se laver facilement/bien ;4 ○ ( be believed) his explanation won't wash with the electorate son explication ne satisfera pas l'électorat ; that excuse won't wash with me cette excuse ne me satisfait pas.it will all come out in the wash ( be revealed) tout finira bien par se savoir ; ( be resolved) tout finira par s'arranger ; to wash one's hands of se laver les mains de [matter] ; se désintéresser de [person].■ wash away:▶ wash [sth] away, wash away [sth]2 ( carry off) [flood, tide, current] emporter [structure, debris] ; ( by erosion) [sea] éroder [cliff, bank] ;▶ wash [sb] away [wave, tide] emporter [person].■ wash down:▶ wash [sth] down, wash down [sth]2 ○ ( help to swallow) faire descendre [pill] ; faire passer [unpleasant food] ; arroser [food] ; a good steak washed down with a glass of claret un bon steak arrosé d'un verre de bordeaux.■ wash off:▶ wash off [mark] partir au lavage ;▶ wash [sth] off, wash off [sth]1 ( clean off) faire partir [qch] à l'eau [dirt, mark] ; to wash the mud off the car laver la voiture pour faire partir la boue ; go and wash that dirt off your face débarbouille-toi la figure ;2 ( carry off) drainer [topsoil].■ wash out:▶ wash out1 ( disappear by cleaning) [stain] partir au lavage ; [colour] passer ; stains that won't wash out Advertg taches rebelles ;2 ○ US ( fail to reach standard for) she washed out of college elle s'est fait recaler aux examens d'entrée en fac ○ ;▶ wash [sth] out, wash out [sth]2 ( rinse inside) rincer [cup, inside] ;3 ( clean quickly) passer [qch] à l'eau [dishcloth, brush] ;4 ( rain off) ( gén au passif) the first day's play was washed out la première journée a été annulée à cause de la pluie ;■ wash over: [water] balayer [deck] ; everything I say just washes over him tout ce que je dis glisse sur lui ; a great feeling of relief washed over me un immense soulagement m'a envahi.■ wash through:▶ wash [sth] through passer [qch] à l'eau.■ wash up:▶ wash up1 GB ( do dishes) faire la vaisselle ;▶ wash [sth] up, wash up [sth] -
38 Psychoanalysis
[Psychoanalysis] seeks to prove to the ego that it is not even master in its own house, but must content itself with scanty information of what is going on unconsciously in the mind. (Freud, 1953-1974, Vol. 16, pp. 284-285)Although in the interview the analyst is supposedly a "passive" auditor of the "free association" narration by the subject, in point of fact the analyst does direct the course of the narrative. This by itself does not necessarily impair the evidential worth of the outcome, for even in the most meticulously conducted laboratory experiment the experimenter intervenes to obtain the data he is after. There is nevertheless the difficulty that in the nature of the case the full extent of the analyst's intervention is not a matter that is open to public scrutiny, so that by and large one has only his own testimony as to what transpires in the consulting room. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that this is not a question about the personal integrity of psychoanalytic practitioners. The point is the fundamental one that no matter how firmly we may resolve to make explicit our biases, no human being is aware of all of them, and that objectivity in science is achieved through the criticism of publicly accessible material by a community of independent inquirers.... Moreover, unless data are obtained under carefully standardized circumstances, or under different circumstances whose dependence on known variables is nevertheless established, even an extensive collection of data is an unreliable basis for inference. To be sure, analysts apparently do attempt to institute standard conditions for the conduct of interviews. But there is not much information available on the extent to which the standardization is actually enforced, or whether it relates to more than what may be superficial matters. (E. Nagel, 1959, pp. 49-50)3) No Necessary Incompatibility between Psychoanalysis and Certain Religious Formulationshere would seem to be no necessary incompatibility between psychoanalysis and those religious formulations which locate God within the self. One could, indeed, argue that Freud's Id (and even more Groddeck's It), the impersonal force within which is both the core of oneself and yet not oneself, and from which in illness one become[s] alienated, is a secular formation of the insight which makes religious people believe in an immanent God. (Ryecroft, 1966, p. 22)Freudian analysts emphasized that their theories were constantly verified by their "clinical observations."... It was precisely this fact-that they always fitted, that they were always confirmed-which in the eyes of their admirers constituted the strongest argument in favour of these theories. It began to dawn on me that this apparent strength was in fact their weakness.... It is easy to obtain confirmations or verifications, for nearly every theory-if we look for confirmation. (Popper, 1968, pp. 3435)5) Psychoanalysis Is Not a Science But Rather the Interpretation of a Narrated HistoryPsychoanalysis does not satisfy the standards of the sciences of observation, and the "facts" it deals with are not verifiable by multiple, independent observers.... There are no "facts" nor any observation of "facts" in psychoanalysis but rather the interpretation of a narrated history. (Ricoeur, 1974, p. 186)6) Some of the Qualities of a Scientific Approach Are Possessed by PsychoanalysisIn sum: psychoanalysis is not a science, but it shares some of the qualities associated with a scientific approach-the search for truth, understanding, honesty, openness to the import of the observation and evidence, and a skeptical stance toward authority. (Breger, 1981, p. 50)[Attributes of Psychoanalysis:]1. Psychic Determinism. No item in mental life and in conduct and behavior is "accidental"; it is the outcome of antecedent conditions.2. Much mental activity and behavior is purposive or goal-directed in character.3. Much of mental activity and behavior, and its determinants, is unconscious in character. 4. The early experience of the individual, as a child, is very potent, and tends to be pre-potent over later experience. (Farrell, 1981, p. 25)Our sceptic may be unwise enough... to maintain that, because analytic theory is unscientific on his criterion, it is not worth discussing. This step is unwise, because it presupposes that, if a study is not scientific on his criterion, it is not a rational enterprise... an elementary and egregious mistake. The scientific and the rational are not co-extensive. Scientific work is only one form that rational inquiry can take: there are many others. (Farrell, 1981, p. 46)Psychoanalysts have tended to write as though the term analysis spoke for itself, as if the statement "analysis revealed" or "it was analyzed as" preceding a clinical assertion was sufficient to establish the validity of what was being reported. An outsider might easily get the impression from reading the psychoanalytic literature that some standardized, generally accepted procedure existed for both inference and evidence. Instead, exactly the opposite has been true. Clinical material in the hands of one analyst can lead to totally different "findings" in the hands of another. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 128)The analytic process-the means by which we arrive at psychoanalytic understanding-has been largely neglected and is poorly understood, and there has been comparatively little interest in the issues of inference and evidence. Indeed, psychoanalysts as a group have not recognized the importance of being bound by scientific constraints. They do not seem to understand that a possibility is only that-a possibility-and that innumerable ways may exist to explain the same data. Psychoanalysts all too often do not seem to distinguish hypotheses from facts, nor do they seem to understand that hypotheses must be tested in some way, that criteria for evidence must exist, and that any given test for any hypothesis must allow for the full range of substantiation/refutation. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 129)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychoanalysis
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