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1 защищать мир
1) Diplomatic term: safeguard peace3) Makarov: come out in defense of peace, defend peace -
2 мир
1. сущ.(согласие, отсутствие вражды) peaceугрожать миру (представлять угрозу делу мира) — to endanger (imperil, jeopardize, menace, threaten) peace; pose a threat to peace
- гражданский мирсторонник мира — advocate (defender, supporter) of peace
- длительный мир
- прочный мир
- справедливый мир 2. сущ.( вселенная) the universe; worldво всём мире — all over the world (the globe); in the whole world; throughout the world; the world over; world-wide
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3 отстаивать мир
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4 a lupta pentru pace
to struggle / to fight for peaceto defend peaceto fight like Kilkenny cats. -
5 запазвам
1. (задържам, съхранявам) keep, preserve, retain, save(продукти) preserve(място, легло и пр.) reserve, book(ред и пр.) maintain(тайна) keepзапазвам за себе си keep/reserve for o.s.запазвам си реда keep o.'s placeзапазвам здравето си preserve o.'s healthзапазвам хубавата си фигура/хубостта си keep o.'s figure/o.'s looksзапазвам присъствие на духа keep o.'s presence of mindзапазвам силите си за reserve o.s. forзапазвам поданството си hold on to/retain o.s citizenshipзапазвам в паметта си retain/keep in o.'s memoryзапазвам мнозинството си (за партия и пр.) retain majorityзапазвам за спомен keep as a souvenirзапазвам мира safeguard peaceзапазвам се keep; remain(за човек) be (well) preserved* * *запа̀звам,гл.1. ( задържам, съхранявам) keep, preserve, retain, save; ( продукти) preserve; ( място, легло и пр.) reserve, book; ( ред и пр.) maintain; ( тайна) keep; ( работа, пост и пр.) hold down; \запазвам в паметта си retain/keep in o.’s memory; \запазвам за спомен keep as a souvenir; \запазвам здравето си preserve o.’s health; \запазвам мнозинството си (за партия и пр.) retain majority; \запазвам поданството си hold on to/retain o.’s citizenship; \запазвам присъствие на духа keep o.’s presence of mind; \запазвам реда си keep o.’s place; \запазвам си правото (да) reserve the right (to); \запазвам хубавата си фигура/хубостта си keep o.’s figure/o.’s looks;2. ( закрилям) guard (от from, against), protect (from), defend, shield (against); \запазвам мира safeguard peace;\запазвам се keep; remain; (за човек) be (well) preserved.* * *maintain; garner{`ga;nx}; keep: запазвам o.'s figure - запазвам фигурата си; preserve: запазвам o.'s health - запазвам здравето си; protect; retain{ri`tein}; save (from); treasure* * *1. (за човек) be (well) preserved 2. (задържам, съхранявам) keep, preserve, retain, save 3. (закрилям) guard (от from, against), protect (from), defend, shield (against) 4. (място, легло и пр.) reserve, book 5. (продукти) preserve 6. (ред и пр.) maintain 7. (тайна) keep 8. ЗАПАЗВАМ ce keep;remain 9. ЗАПАЗВАМ в паметта си retain/keep in o.'s memory 10. ЗАПАЗВАМ за себе си keep/reserve for о. s. 11. ЗАПАЗВАМ за спомен keep as a souvenir 12. ЗАПАЗВАМ здравето си preserve o.'s health 13. ЗАПАЗВАМ мира safeguard peace 14. ЗАПАЗВАМ мнозинството си (за партия и пр.) retain majority 15. ЗАПАЗВАМ поданството си hold on to/retain o.s citizenship 16. ЗАПАЗВАМ присъствие на духа keep o.'s presence of mind 17. ЗАПАЗВАМ си правото (да) reserve the right (to) 18. ЗАПАЗВАМ си реда keep o.'s place 19. ЗАПАЗВАМ силите си за reserve о. s. for 20. ЗАПАЗВАМ хубавата си фигура/хубостта си keep o.'s figure/o.'s looks -
6 mantener
v.1 to keep.mantener algo en buen estado to keep something in good conditionmantener una promesa to keep a promisemantener la calma to stay calmLos mantengo trabajando I keep them working.Ellos mantienen el proyecto They maintain the project.2 to support (with scaffold, columns).mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air3 to support.con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages4 to have (relationships, conversations).mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with somebody5 to stick to (to defend) (conviction).mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocentmantiene que no la vió he maintains that he didn't see her6 to maintain, to keep, to conserve, to hold.Ellos mantienen unas mantas They maintain some bedcovers.Mantiene sus mismas creencias de antes He keeps his old views.Ellos mantienen su opinión They maintain their opinion.María mantiene a su hijo Mary maintains=provides for her son.Ella mantiene su declaración She maintains her declaration.7 to claim to, to hold to, to maintain to.Ellos mantienen haber limpiado They claim to have cleaned.* * *1 (conservar) to keep■ 'Mantenga Zamora limpia' "Keep Zamora tidy"2 (tener) to keep■ 'Mantener en posición vertical' "Keep vertical"■ 'Mantener fuera del alcance de los niños' "Keep out of the reach of children"3 (sostener) to support, hold up, hold■ no sé como se mantiene en pie con lo que ha bebido I don't know how he can stand up after having drunk so much4 (sustentar) to support, maintain5 (afirmación etc) to maintain■ pues yo mantengo que no es verdad well, I maintain that it is not true6 (conversación, relaciones) to have; (reunión) to hold, have; (correspondencia) to keep up; (promesa, palabra) to keep1 (sostenerse) to remain, stand2 (continuar en un estado, una posición) to keep3 (sustenerse) to manage, maintain oneself, support oneself4 (alimentarse) to eat, live■ se mantiene a base de fruta she lives on fruit, she eats only fruit\mantener algo en secreto to keep something secretmantenerse aparte to stay out of it, not get involvedmantenerse en contacto con to stay in contact withmantenerse en forma to keep in shape, keep in trim, keep fitmantenerse en pie to stand, remain standingmantenerse en sus trece to stick to one's gunsmantenerse vivo,-a to stay alive* * *verb1) to keep2) maintain3) hold4) support5) sustain* * *1. VT1) (=sostener) [gen] to hold; [+ puente, techo] to support2) (=preservar)a) [en un lugar] to store, keep"manténgase en un lugar fresco y seco" — "store in a cool dry place"
b) [en un estado o situación] to keepraya I, 1)•
mantener algo en equilibrio — to balance sth, keep sth balanced3) (=conservar) [+ opinión] to maintain, hold; [+ costumbre, ideales] to keep up, maintain; [+ disciplina] to maintain, keep; [+ promesa] to keepun alto porcentaje mantenía su opinión sobre la crisis — a high percentage maintained o held their opinion about the crisis
me marcho manteniendo mi opinión — I'm leaving, but I stand by my opinion
una civilización que lucha por mantener sus tradiciones — a civilization struggling to uphold o maintain its traditions
eran partidarios de mantener el antiguo orden social — they were in favour of preserving the old social order
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al conducir hay que mantener la distancia de seguridad — you have to keep (at) a safe distance when drivinghemos conseguido mantener el equilibrio entre ingresos y gastos — we have managed to maintain a balance between income and expenditure
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mantener la línea — to keep one's figure, keep in shapecalma, distancia•
mantener la paz — to keep the peace, maintain peace4) [económicamente] to support, maintainya no pienso mantenerla más — I refuse to keep o support o maintain her any longer
5) [+ conversación, contacto] to maintain, holdes incapaz de mantener una conversación coherente — he is incapable of maintaining o holding a coherent conversation
en las conversaciones que hemos mantenido con el presidente — in the talks we have held with the president
correspondencia 2)¿han mantenido ustedes relaciones sexuales? — have you had sexual relations?
6) (=afirmar) to maintain2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep2)a) (conservar, preservar) to keepmantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure
b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keepmantenga limpia su ciudad — keep Norwich (o York etc) tidy
3)a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintainb) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain2.mantenerse verbo pronominal1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep3) ( alimentarse)* * *= hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.Ex. The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.Ex. Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.Ex. Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.Ex. They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.Ex. The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.Ex. At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.Ex. The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex. Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.Ex. The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.Ex. The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.----* capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.* de mantener una conversación = conversational.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.* mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.* mantener a flote = keep + afloat.* mantener a la par de = keep up with.* mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.* mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.* mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.* mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.* mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener al ralentí = idle.* mantener a mano = keep to + hand.* mantener aparte = keep + separate.* mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.* mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.* mantener constancia de = keep + record of.* mantener contacto = maintain + contact.* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.* mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.* mantener el control = stay in + control.* mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.* mantener el orden = keep + order, police.* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.* mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.* mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.* mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.* mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.* mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.* mantener informado = keep + informed.* mantener junto = keep together.* mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.* mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.* mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.* mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.* mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).* mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.* mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.* mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.* mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* mantener la posición = hold + the line.* mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.* mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.* mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.* mantener la vida = sustain + life.* mantener libre de = keep + free of.* mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* mantener los precios = hold + prices down.* mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.* mantener presente = keep before.* mantener presionado = hold down.* mantener registro de = keep + record of.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).* mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse a distancia = stand off.* mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.* mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.* mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.* mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.* mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.* mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.* mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.* mantenerse bien = keep + well.* mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.* mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.* mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.* mantenerse como válido = hold up.* mantener secreto = keep + secret.* mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.* mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).* mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.* mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.* mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.* mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse fiel a = stick with.* mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.* mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.* mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener separado = keep apart.* mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.* mantenerse unidos = stick together.* mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.* mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.* mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.* mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.* mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.* mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.* mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.* mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.* mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mantener un concepto = hold + concept.* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.* mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.* mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.* mantener un registro = keep + log.* mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.* mantener vigente = keep + alive.* mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.* voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep2)a) (conservar, preservar) to keepmantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure
b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keepmantenga limpia su ciudad — keep Norwich (o York etc) tidy
3)a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintainb) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain2.mantenerse verbo pronominal1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep3) ( alimentarse)* * *= hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.Ex: The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.
Ex: Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.Ex: Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.Ex: The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.Ex: At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.Ex: The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex: Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.Ex: The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.Ex: The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.* capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.* de mantener una conversación = conversational.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.* mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.* mantener a flote = keep + afloat.* mantener a la par de = keep up with.* mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.* mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.* mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.* mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.* mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener al ralentí = idle.* mantener a mano = keep to + hand.* mantener aparte = keep + separate.* mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.* mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.* mantener constancia de = keep + record of.* mantener contacto = maintain + contact.* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.* mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.* mantener el control = stay in + control.* mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.* mantener el orden = keep + order, police.* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.* mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.* mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.* mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.* mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.* mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.* mantener informado = keep + informed.* mantener junto = keep together.* mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.* mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.* mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.* mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.* mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).* mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.* mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.* mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.* mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* mantener la posición = hold + the line.* mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.* mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.* mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.* mantener la vida = sustain + life.* mantener libre de = keep + free of.* mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* mantener los precios = hold + prices down.* mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.* mantener presente = keep before.* mantener presionado = hold down.* mantener registro de = keep + record of.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).* mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse a distancia = stand off.* mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.* mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.* mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.* mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.* mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.* mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.* mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.* mantenerse bien = keep + well.* mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.* mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.* mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.* mantenerse como válido = hold up.* mantener secreto = keep + secret.* mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.* mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).* mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.* mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.* mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.* mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse fiel a = stick with.* mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.* mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.* mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener separado = keep apart.* mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.* mantenerse unidos = stick together.* mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.* mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.* mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.* mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.* mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.* mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.* mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.* mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.* mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mantener un concepto = hold + concept.* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.* mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.* mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.* mantener un registro = keep + log.* mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.* mantener vigente = keep + alive.* mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.* voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.* * *vtA (sustentar económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintaincuesta una fortuna mantener a ese perro tan grande it costs a fortune to keep that enormous dog¡y pretende que ella lo mantenga! and he expects her to support o keep him!B1 (conservar, preservar) to keepmantener la calma/la compostura to keep calm/one's composuremantener el orden to keep o ( frml) maintain orderpara mantener la paz in order to keep the peacemantener su peso actual to maintain his present weightmantener las viejas tradiciones to keep up the old traditions2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keeplos postes mantienen la viga en posición the posts keep the beam in positionmantener el equilibrio to keep one's balancelo mantiene en equilibrio sobre la punta de la nariz he balances it on the end of his noselos militares lo mantuvieron en el poder the military kept him in powertodos los medicamentos deben mantenerse fuera del alcance de los niños all medicines should be kept out of reach of children[ S ] mantenga limpia su ciudad keep Norwich ( o York etc) tidy[ S ] una vez abierto manténgase refrigerado keep refrigerated once openno mantiene su coche en buenas condiciones he doesn't keep his car in good condition, he doesn't maintain his car very wellsigue manteniendo vivos sus ideales he still keeps his ideals aliveC1 ‹conversaciones› to have; ‹contactos› to maintain, keep up; ‹correspondencia› to keep up; ‹relaciones› to maintaindurante las negociaciones mantenidas en Ginebra during the negotiations held in Geneva2 (cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keepD (afirmar, sostener) to maintainmantiene que es inocente he maintains that he is innocentA (sustentarse económicamente) to support o maintain o keep oneselfB (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keepse mantuvieron en primera división they kept their place o they stayed in the first divisionmantenerse en forma to keep in shape, to keep fitlo único que se mantiene en pie es la torre all that remains is the tower, only the tower is still standingse mantiene al día she keeps up to datesiempre se mantuvo a distancia he always kept his distancese mantuvo en contacto con sus amigos de la infancia he kept in touch with o kept up with his childhood friendsse mantuvo neutral en la disputa he remained neutral in the disputeC(alimentarse): nos mantuvimos a base de latas we lived off tinned foodse mantiene a base de vitaminas he lives on vitamin pills* * *
mantener ( conjugate mantener) verbo transitivo
1 ( económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain;
‹ amante› to keep
2 (conservar, preservar) to keep;
mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance;
mantener algo en equilibrio to balance sth;
para mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight
3
‹ contactos› to maintain, keep up;
‹ correspondencia› to keep up;
‹ relaciones› to maintain
4 (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
mantenerse verbo pronominal
1 ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) to keep;
la torre aún se mantiene en pie the tower is still standing;
mantenerse en contacto (con algn) to keep in touch (with sb)
3 ( alimentarse):
mantener verbo transitivo
1 (conservar) to keep: ella mantiene vivo su recuerdo, she keeps his memory alive
mantén la calma, keep calm
2 (sostener) to have: mantuvimos una conversación muy seria, we had a very serious talk
(una teoría, hipótesis) to defend, maintain
3 (alimentar, sustentar) to support, feed: no podían mantener las dos casas, they couldn't keep up both houses
4 (peso) to support, hold up
' mantener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
callarse
- conchabarse
- conservar
- conservarse
- continuismo
- escribirse
- ir
- hilo
- línea
- raya
- sustentar
- tener
- tipo
- ahuyentar
- alerta
- calma
- correspondencia
- corriente
- disciplina
- flote
- guardar
- llevar
- mantiene
- mantuve
- orden
- preservar
- sujetar
English:
balance
- bay
- buoy
- captive
- carry on
- cherish
- cool
- fire
- hold
- hold off
- house
- hygiene
- image
- keep
- keep away
- keep down
- keep up
- maintain
- order
- preserve
- provide for
- retain
- secrecy
- stall
- support
- suspense
- sustain
- swear
- track
- unionist
- uphold
- weight-watching
- white elephant
- carry
- clear
- conduct
- correspond
- credit
- door
- go
- head
- inform
- occupy
- peace
- police
- provide
- segregate
- stand
- stick
- struggle
* * *♦ vt1. [económicamente] to support;con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages2. [sostener] to keep;un andamio mantiene el edificio en pie a scaffold supports the building o keeps the building from falling down;mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air3. [conservar] to keep;[ritmo, nivel, presión] to keep up;mantener las amistades to keep up one's friendships;mantener algo en buen estado to keep sth in good condition;mantener la calma to stay calm;mantener el orden to keep order;mantener la línea to keep one's figure;mantener una promesa/la palabra to keep a promise/one's word;mantenga limpia su ciudad [en letrero] keep your city tidy;manténgase en un lugar seco [en etiqueta] keep in a dry place;manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños [en medicamento, producto tóxico] keep out of the reach of children;es incapaz de mantener la boca cerrada he can't keep his mouth shut4. [tener] [conversación] to have;[negociaciones, diálogo] to hold;mantener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with sb;mantener contactos con alguien to be in contact with sb5. [defender] [convicción, idea] to stick to;[candidatura] to refuse to withdraw;mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent;mantiene que no la vio he maintains that he didn't see her* * *v/t2 ( preservar) keep3 conversación, relación have4 económicamente support5 ( afirmar) maintain* * *mantener {80} vt1) sustentar: to support, to feedmantener uno su familia: to support one's family2) conservar: to keep, to preserve3) continuar: to keep up, to sustainmantener una correspondencia: to keep up a correspondence4) afirmar: to maintain, to affirm* * *mantener vb2. (económicamente) to support3. (afirmar) to maintain -
7 bronić
broń Boże! — God forbid!, heaven forbid!
bronić dostępu do kogoś/czegoś — to bar the way to sb/sth
bronić pracy doktorskiej — to defend one's PhD thesis lub dissertation
* * *ipf.1. + Gen. defend (sb l. sth) (przed czymś/kimś against sb/sth); bronić kraju przed wrogiem fight in defense of one's country; bronić miasta defend a city; bronić domu przed napastnikami defend one's home against aggressors.2. + Gen. l. Acc. (= strzec, chronić) protect, shield; bronić przed niebezpieczeństwem protect from l. against harm; wały broniące miasta przed powodzią embankments protecting the town against flooding; bronić pokoju keep the peace; bronić swoich interesów protect l. look after one's interests; broń Boże! l. niech Bóg broni! l. niech ręka boska broni! God l. heaven forbid!3. + Gen. (= odpierać zarzuty wobec) defend; (sprawy, idei) champion; bronić swojego stanowiska defend one's position; stick to one's guns; bronić swoich praw stand up for one's rights; bronić przyjaciół stand up l. stick up for one's friends; bronić doktoratu defend one's dissertation.4. + Acc. prawn. defend, plead the case of (sb).5. (= zabraniać) forbid ( komuś robienia czegoś sb doing sth l. to do sth); prohibit ( komuś (robienia) czegoś sb from (doing) sth); bronić komuś łowić ryby forbid sb fishing l. to fish; bronić komuś wstępu do swojego domu refuse sb entrance into one's house.ipf.1. (= odpierać atak) defend o.s.; bronić się dzielnie put up a good fight; bronić się do upadłego fight to one's last l. to one's dying breath; bronić się do ostatka fight to the last l. to the bitter end.2. (= odpierać zarzuty) defend o.s.; bronić się przed oskarżeniami defend o.s. against accusations; bronić się w sądzie defend o.s. in court.3. (= strzec się) protect o.s., shield o.s. (przed kimś/czymś from l. against sb/sth); bronić się przed złymi myślami l. od złych myśli suppress bad thoughts; bronić się przed ciekawością sąsiadów shield o.s. against the prying of one's neighbors; bronić się przed napływającymi łzami fight back tears.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > bronić
-
8 защищать
1) (от нападения) to defend2) (отстаивать позицию и т.п.) to defend, to uphold, to maintain, to stand up (for)защищать суверенные права и свободы народов — to defend the sovereign rights and freedoms of nations
3) (предохранять от чего-л.) to protect, to shield, to safeguard -
9 ultranza
f.utmost degree.* * *a ultranza (a muerte) to the death 2 (a todo trance) at all costs, at any price 3 (acérrimo) out-and-out, extreme* * *SFa ultranza —
1) [como adjetivo] (Pol etc) out-and-out, extreme2) [como adverbio]* * *a)a ultranza — (loc adj) out-and-out, fanatical
b)a ultranza — (loc adv)
luchó a ultranza por sus ideales — she fought tooth and nail to defend her ideals
* * *a)a ultranza — (loc adj) out-and-out, fanatical
b)a ultranza — (loc adv)
luchó a ultranza por sus ideales — she fought tooth and nail to defend her ideals
* * *1a ultranza ( loc adj) out-and-out, fanaticales nacionalista a ultranza he's a fanatical o an out-and-out nationalist, he's a nationalist through-and-through2a ultranza ( loc adv): luchó a ultranza por sus ideales she fought tooth and nail to defend her ideals* * *
ultranza (a) locución adverbial defendió su postura a ultranza, he fought tooth and nail to defend his position
* * *ultranza: a ultranza♦ loc adjdie-hard, hardline;el liberalismo a ultranza die-hard liberalism♦ loc advto the last;defender sus valores a ultranza to defend one's values to the last o at any price* * *:a ultranza for all one is worth;un defensor a ultranza de algo an ardent defender of sth* * *ultranza nf1)a ultranza : to the extremelo defendió a ultranza: she defended him fiercely2)a ultranza : extreme, out-and-outperfeccionismo a ultranza: rabid perfectionism -
10 presidiare
presidiare v.tr.1 (mil.) to garrison; (estens.) ( controllare, sorvegliare) to guard, to protect; to defend: presidiare una fortezza, una città, to garrison a fortress, a city; l'ambasciata è presidiata dalla polizia, the embassy is guarded by the police (o is under police guard); presidiare una fabbrica, ( picchettare) to picket a factory* * *[presi'djare]verbo transitivo1) mil. to garrison2) (difendere) to defend, to protect, to guard* * *presidiare/presi'djare/ [1]1 mil. to garrison2 (difendere) to defend, to protect, to guard. -
11 bellum
bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—(ante-class. and poet. ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:b.subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:b.quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50.Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50. -
12 стоять
1. it pays2. avast3. standing4. standsхолм, на котором мы стоим — the hill whereon we stand
5. stood6. stop; halt7. stand; be; stop; lodge; quarter; stand up; defend; insist -
13 отстаивать
отстаивать дело мира — to champion / to uphold / to defend the cause of peace
отстаивать позицию — to maintain an attitude / a stand
отстаивать своё мнение — to maintain / to uphold one's opinion
отстаивать свои права — to assert / to uphold one's rights
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14 защитить
1. stand up forзащищать; защитить — stand up for
2. defend; protect; vindicate; advocate; maintain; support; pleadзащитить, снять защиту — protects fff unprotects
3. champion4. fence5. plead guiltyпризнавать себя виновным; защищать; защитить; приводить в оправдание — plead guilty
6. protect7. safeguardСинонимический ряд:1. заступиться (глаг.) взять под защиту; встать на защиту; вступиться; выступить в защиту; заступиться; не дать в обиду; постоять2. отстоять (глаг.) отразить нападки; отстоять3. предохранить (глаг.) предохранитьАнтонимический ряд:напасть; обвинить -
15 стоять на страже мира
1) Military: defend the cause of peaceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > стоять на страже мира
-
16 defensor
adj.defending.m.1 defender, supporter, advocate, champion.2 counsel for the defense, lawyer, defense lawyer, legist.* * *► adjetivo1 defending► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 defender2 DERECHO counsel for the defence (US defense)\defensor del pueblo ombudsman* * *(f. - defensora)noun1) advocate2) champion3) defender* * *defensor, -a1. SM / F1) (=protector) [de territorio, intereses] defender; [de causa, idea, derechos] defender, champion2) (Jur) defence lawyer, defense attorney o lawyer (EEUU)el defensor interrogó al testigo — counsel for the defence o defending counsel cross-examined the witness
3) (Dep) [de título] defender2. ADJ1) (=protector)una asociación defensora de los derechos de los marginados — an organization which defends o protects the rights of the underprivileged
2) (Jur)abogado defensor — defence lawyer, defense attorney o lawyer (EEUU)
* * *I- sora adjetivoa) < ejército> defending (before n)b) (Der) < abogado> defense* (before n)II- sora masculino, femeninoa) (Mil) defenderb) ( de una causa) championc) (Der) defense counsel (AmE), defence lawyer (BrE)* * *= advocate, defendant, proponent, respondent, champion, defender, supporter, apologist, backer, crusader, freedom fighter, torchbearer [torch bearer], campaigner, standard-bearer.Ex. Sanford Berman has been an early, continuing, and outspoken advocate of user-oriented cataloging service.Ex. A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.Ex. The proponents do provide for an author added entry to show what the library has by an author.Ex. A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.Ex. NACs see their role as champions of the inarticulate by either taking up their case or providing groups with the information weaponry to campaign for their rights.Ex. It is very difficult to think of discreditable activities associated with books apart from the writing and selling of pornography and even that has its defenders.Ex. Then, a series of unfortunate circumstances (the outbreak of the war, family problems) deprived the project of its promoter and most passionate supporter.Ex. At the present time the misunderstandings that still persist, even among those who should know better, oblige any apologist of reference work to go out of his way to make clear what reference work is not.Ex. The author urges librarians and library backers to be more assertive in their requests for funding.Ex. This article reviews the work of Professor Kaula, the staunch crusader of librarianship in India.Ex. As a freedom fighter at the end of World War 2 he resisted Dutch efforts to regain control of their former colony.Ex. The mission of college libraries in India is to shoulder the responsibilities of a torch bearer.Ex. He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.Ex. He was a rebel and an anti-establishment standard-bearer of intellectualism and internationalism.----* abogado defensor = defence attorney [defense attorney, -USA].* defensor de la ecología = eco-warrior.* defensor de la paz = peace activist.* defensor de la prohibición del aborto = pro-lifer.* defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights activist.* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights campaigner.* defensor de los derechos de los ciudadanos = citizen activist.* defensor de los derechos humanos = human rights activist, human rights campaigner.* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.* defensor del pueblo = ombudsman [ombudsmen, -pl.].* defensor ecológico = eco-warrior.* defensor e impulsor = booster.* defensor incodicional = stalwart.* grupo defensor = interest group.* * *I- sora adjetivoa) < ejército> defending (before n)b) (Der) < abogado> defense* (before n)II- sora masculino, femeninoa) (Mil) defenderb) ( de una causa) championc) (Der) defense counsel (AmE), defence lawyer (BrE)* * *= advocate, defendant, proponent, respondent, champion, defender, supporter, apologist, backer, crusader, freedom fighter, torchbearer [torch bearer], campaigner, standard-bearer.Ex: Sanford Berman has been an early, continuing, and outspoken advocate of user-oriented cataloging service.
Ex: A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.Ex: The proponents do provide for an author added entry to show what the library has by an author.Ex: A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.Ex: NACs see their role as champions of the inarticulate by either taking up their case or providing groups with the information weaponry to campaign for their rights.Ex: It is very difficult to think of discreditable activities associated with books apart from the writing and selling of pornography and even that has its defenders.Ex: Then, a series of unfortunate circumstances (the outbreak of the war, family problems) deprived the project of its promoter and most passionate supporter.Ex: At the present time the misunderstandings that still persist, even among those who should know better, oblige any apologist of reference work to go out of his way to make clear what reference work is not.Ex: The author urges librarians and library backers to be more assertive in their requests for funding.Ex: This article reviews the work of Professor Kaula, the staunch crusader of librarianship in India.Ex: As a freedom fighter at the end of World War 2 he resisted Dutch efforts to regain control of their former colony.Ex: The mission of college libraries in India is to shoulder the responsibilities of a torch bearer.Ex: He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.Ex: He was a rebel and an anti-establishment standard-bearer of intellectualism and internationalism.* abogado defensor = defence attorney [defense attorney, -USA].* defensor de la ecología = eco-warrior.* defensor de la paz = peace activist.* defensor de la prohibición del aborto = pro-lifer.* defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights activist.* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights campaigner.* defensor de los derechos de los ciudadanos = citizen activist.* defensor de los derechos humanos = human rights activist, human rights campaigner.* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.* defensor del pueblo = ombudsman [ombudsmen, -pl.].* defensor ecológico = eco-warrior.* defensor e impulsor = booster.* defensor incodicional = stalwart.* grupo defensor = interest group.* * *1 ‹ejército› defending ( before n)3(partidario): los delegados defensores del cambio the delegates in favor of o who advocate changeorganizaciones defensoras de los derechos humanos human-rights organizationsmasculine, feminine1 ( Mil) defender2 (de una causa) championun defensor de nuestros recursos naturales a defender o champion of our natural resourcesun defensor de la fe a defender of the faithCompuestos:(CR) ombudsmanombudsman Defensor del pueblo (↑ defensor a1)* * *
defensor◊ - sora adjetivo
■ sustantivo masculino, femeninoa) (Mil) defender
defensor,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino defender
abogado defensor, counsel for the defence
el defensor del pueblo, the ombudsman
' defensor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abanderada
- abanderado
- abogada
- abogado
- defensora
- entusiasta
- incondicional
- paladín
- acérrimo
- ardiente
- ferviente
- guardián
- protector
English:
advocate
- campaigner
- champion
- consumer advocate
- defender
- ombudsman
- proponent
- protector
- counsel
- exponent
- guardian
* * *defensor, -ora♦ adj2. [partidario]siempre fue defensor de una legislación más dura he always advocated tougher legislation;asociaciones defensoras de los consumidores consumer o consumers' associations♦ nm,f1. [de ideal, persona] defender;[adalid] champion;un gran defensor de la paz a great campaigner for peacedefensor del lector [en periódico] = person who represents the readership of a newspaper and deals with their complaints against the newspaper;defensor de oficio court-appointed defence lawyer;Esp defensor del pueblo ombudsman;defensor del soldado = public body created to defend the rights of soldiers, especially young soldiers doing military service2. [abogado] counsel for the defence* * *m, defensora f1 defender, champion;defensor de la naturaleza environmentalist2 JUR defense lawyer, Brdefending counsel* * *: defending, defense1) : defender, advocate2) : defense counsel -
17 отстаивать
отстоять (вн.)defend (d.); stand* up (for); сов. тж. vindicate (d.); воен. hold* against enemy attacks (d.); make* a stand (for)отстаивать принцип (рд.) — uphold* the principle (of)
отстаивать дело мира — champion / uphold* / defend the cause of peace
отстаивать свои права — assert / uphold* one's rights
отстаивать своё мнение — persist in one's opinion; stick* to one's guns идиом. разг.
отстаивать чьи-л. интересы — champion smb.'s interests, battle for smb.'s interests
отстоять свободу и независимость — uphold* (the) liberty and independence
отстаивать единство партии — uphold* / safeguard the unity of the party
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18 tutelare
protect* * *tutelare agg. tutelar, tutelary; guardian (attr.): giudice tutelare, tutelary judge // angelo tutelare, guardian angel.tutelare v.tr. to protect, to defend, to safeguard, to keep*: la legge tutela i cittadini contro l'ingiustizia, the law protects citizens from injustice; tutelare la propria reputazione, i propri diritti, to protect one's reputation, one's rights; tutelare l'ambiente, to protect the environment; tutelare i propri interessi, to safeguard one's interests; (dir.) tutelare l'ordine pubblico, to keep the peace.◘ tutelarsi v.rifl. to protect oneself, to safeguard oneself.* * *I [tute'lare]1. vtto protect, defend2. vr (tutelarsi)to protect o.s.II [tute'lare] aggDir* * *[tute'lare] I1) dir. tutelarygiudice tutelare — = tutelary judge
2) (che protegge) [ nume] tutelar(y)II 1. 2.* * *tutelare1/tute'lare/1 dir. tutelary; giudice tutelare = tutelary judge————————tutelare2/tute'lare/ [1]to protect, to safeguard [persona, interesse]; to preserve [ dignità]; tutelare l'ordine pubblico to keep the orderII tutelarsi verbo pronominaleto protect oneself. -
19 отстаивать
I несов. - отста́ивать, сов. - отстоя́ть(вн.; защищать) defend (d); stand up (for); сов. тж. vindicate (d); воен. hold (d) against enemy attacks; make a stand (for)отста́ивать при́нцип (рд.) — uphold the principle (of)
отста́ивать де́ло ми́ра — champion / uphold / defend the cause of peace
отста́ивать свобо́ду и незави́симость — uphold (the) liberty and independence
отста́ивать с ору́жием в рука́х — dispute (d) in arms
отста́ивать свои́ права́ — assert / uphold one's rights
отста́ивать своё мне́ние — persist in one's opinion; stick to one's guns идиом. разг.
II несов. - отста́ивать, сов. - отстоя́тьотста́ивать чьи-л интере́сы — champion smb's interests, battle for smb's interests
1) ( простаивать до конца чего-л) stand out / through, stand (on one's feet) as long as smth lastsотста́ивать сме́ну — stand throughout one's workshift
отста́ивать о́чередь — stand in a (long) queue брит. / line амер.
2) (о зданиях - стоять, не разрушаясь) standIII несов. - отста́ивать, сов. - отстоя́тьце́рковь отстоя́ла пять веков — the church is five centuries old, the church has stood for five centuries
(вн.; давать отстояться) settle (d) -
20 интерес
1) interestвозбуждать / вызывать интерес — to arouse / to excite / to provoke / to awake (smb.'s) interest; to interest
представлять большой интерес — to be of great / of the utmost interest
проявлять интерес — to have / to take / to show an interest (in)
утратить интерес — to lose interest (in)
взаимный интерес — mutual interest / concern
представлять взаимный интерес — to be of mutual interest / concern
острый интерес — keen interest (in, for)
2) мн. (потребности) interestsвыражать интересы — to express (smb.'s) interests / the interests (of)
действовать в чьих-л. интересах — to act in smb.'s interests, to play smb.'s game, to play the game of smb.
задевать / затрагивать интересы — to affect / to infringe upon (smb.'s) interests / the interests (of smb.), to involve the interests (of smb.)
замаскировать интересы — to mask (one's) interests
защищать интересы — to defend / to protect (smb.'s) interests / the interests (of smb.)
игнорировать интересы — to for(e)go (one's) interests
идти вразрез с интересами — to go against (one's) interests
использовать в своих интересах — to turn / to use (smth). to one's advantage
нанести ущерб интересам — to impinge (on smb.'s) interests
отвечать чьим-л. интересам — to meet the interests of smb.
отстаивать интересы — to defend / uphold (smb.'s) interests
поставить под угрозу интересы — to jeopardize (smb.'s) interests
предавать интересы — to betray (smb.'s) interests / the interests (of smb.)
представлять интересы — to represent (smb.'s) interests
пренебрегать интересами — to neglect (one's) interests
противоречить интересам — to conflict with (smb.'s) interests, to run counter to the interests (of), to be opposed to the interests (of)
соответствовать интересам — to respond to the interests (of smb.) / (to smb.'s) interests, to be in accord with the interests (of)
сочетать свой интересы с интересами других — to accomodate one's interests to the interests of others
учитывать интересы — to take into account (smb.'s) interests / the interests (of)
учитывать интересы (всех договаривающихся сторон) — to accommodate the interests (of all contracting parties)
ущемлять интересы — to infringe on (smb.'s) interests
поставить под угрозу высшие интересы каждой-л. из сторон / страны — to jeopardize the supreme interests of a party / a country
главные / основные интересы — basic interests
государственные интересы — state / national interests, interests of the state
долгосрочные интересы — long-range / long-term interests
жизненно важные / жизненные / кровные / насущные интересы — vital / vested interests
объявить какой-л. район мира зоной своих "жизненных интересов" — to declare some territory a zone of vital interests
отвечать жизненным интересам людей — to be entirely consonant with the vital interests of the people
представлять угрозу насущным интересам — to challenge (smb.'s) vital interests
коренные интересы — basic / fundamental / vital interests
корыстные интересы — self-interests, selfish interests
преследовать корыстные интересы — to do smth. in one's interests
личные / собственные / частные интересы — private / personal / one's own interests, self-interests
действовать в личных интересах — to act in one's own interest, to play for one's own interest
общегосударственные интересы — interests of the entire state / of the whole country / of the country at large
общественные интересы — social / public interests
противоположные интересы — contending / opposing interests
в чьих-л. интересах — in smb.'s interests, in the interests of smb.
интересы одинаковой / равной безопасности — equal security interests
столкновение интересов — clash / conflict of interests
- 1
- 2
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