the+gospel

ἐντολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἐντέλλω; Pind., Hdt.+; also Mel., P. 7, 48; 48, 343)

① an order authorizing a specific action, writ, warrant, perh. J 11:57 (ἐντολὰς διδόναι ἵνα, as OGI 441, 59 [81 B.C.]).

② a mandate or ordinance, command

ⓐ of commands by pers. in high position (JRS 66 ’76, 106–31, line 31 [18–19 A.D.] by a legate of Tiberius): father (Tob 4:19) Lk 15:29. Apostles Ac 17:15; Col 4:10. Judean-type (s. Ἰουδαϊκός and Ἰουδαῖος 2) instruction of a sectarian nature and without divine sanction ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων Tit 1:14. Papias (2:3) distinguishes ἀλλοτρίας ἐ. from the Lord’s instruction.

ⓑ of commands given by divine authorities (cp. SIG 888, 51 [238 A.D.] of imperial decrees: ταῖς θείαις ἐντολαῖς).

α. of commandments of OT law.

א.. The sg. takes in all the commandments as the law (4 Macc 13:15; 16:24) κατὰ τ. ἐντολήν according to the law Lk 23:56; cp. Ro 7:8ff; Hb 7:18; 9:19. κατὰ νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης acc. to a legal system which demands that one meets a (specific) physical standard (i.e. Levitical descent) 7:16; Mt. 15:6 v.l. (for λόγον). In contrast to God’s ἐ. is the παράδοσις of the Pharisees 15:3; cp. Mk 7:8f.

ב.. More freq. the pl. stands for the totality of legal ordinances (Epict. 4, 7, 17 ἔγνωκα τοῦ θεοῦ τὰς ἐντολάς; SEG VIII, 170, 5; Just., D. 10, 3; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 4, 13; Theoph. Ant. 3, 11 [p. 226, 28]) Mt 5:19; 19:17; Mk 10:19; Lk 1:6 (also s. β below); 18:20.

ג.. of specific commandments Mt 22:36, 38 (cp. EpArist 228 ὁ θεὸς πεποίηται ἐ. μεγίστην.—HHunt, The Great Commandment: ET 56, ’44, 82f; CBurchard, Das doppelte Liebesgebot, JJeremias Festschr., ’70, 39–62.—Just., D. 40, 1 αὕτη ἡ ἐ. al. παραβᾶται τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐντολῆς [of Adam and Eve] Did., Gen. 84, 27), 40; Mk 10:5; 12:28, 31; Ro 13:9; Eph 6:2; B 7:3; 9:5. ὁ νόμος τῶν ἐντολῶν Eph 2:15.—Of Levites ἐντολὴν ἔχουσιν ἀποδεκατοῦν τὸν λαόν they have the legal right to take tithes from the people Hb 7:5.

β. of divine commandments gener. (Julian, Caesares 336c: Mithras gave ἐντολαί to his initiates), as they concern people Lk 1:6 (also s. αב above); 1 Cor 7:19; 1J 3:22–24; ISm 8:1. λαμβάνειν 2J 4. φυλάσσειν observe (Jos., Ant. 7, 384) B 4:11. τηρεῖν 1J 5:3; Rv 12:17; 14:12. ποιεῖν 1J 5:2. ἐ. καινήν … παλαιάν 1J 2:7f; 2J 5. ἐ. ἔχομεν… ἵνα 1J 4:21; cp. 2J 5. κατορθώσασθαι τὰς ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου preserve the Lord’s commandments Hv 3, 5, 3. αἱ ἐ. αὐτοῦ βαρεῖαι οὐκ εἰσίν 1J 5:3. περιπατεῖν κατὰ τὰς ἐ. αὐτοῦ 2J 6.

γ. of God’s commands to Christ J 10:18 (λαμβάνειν as Jos., Bell. 4, 498); 12:49f; 14:31 v.l.; 15:10b; B 6:1.

δ. of the precepts of Jesus J 13:34; 14:15, 21; 15:10a, 12 (w. ἵνα foll.); 1 Cor 14:37; Rv 22:14 v.l.; 2 Cl 3:4; 6:7; 17:3. Applied to God as well as Christ τὰς ἐ. αὐτοῦ 1J 2:3f. Of the commands in the Sermon on the Mount 1 Cl 13:3. ποιεῖν τὰς ἐντολάς μου 2 Cl 4:5 (fr. an unknown gospel). ἐ. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 17:6 (cp. κατὰ τὴν ἐ. τοῦ Ἰησοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 6, 7, 29); IEph 9:2; cp. Pol 2:2; IRo ins; φυλάσσειν τὰς ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου observe the Lord’s commandments 2 Cl 8:4 (cp. Just., D. 134, 4 τοὺς φυλάσσοντας τὰς ἐ. αὐτοῦ).

ε. of commands of the angel of repentance Hv 5:5; Hs 10, 3, 4 (Gk. text from POxy 404, 17); cp. the title of the second part: ἐντολαί, also m 1:2; 2:7 al.

ζ. of God’s expectation of Christians, with special ref. to their ethical decisions ἐντολή 1 Ti 6:14; 2 Pt 2:21. ἡ τ. ἀποστόλων ὑμῶν ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου κ. σωτῆρος the command of the Lord and Savior (given) through your apostles 3:2; cp. ITr 13:2.—DELG s.v. τέλλω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ἰούδας, α, ὁ (יְהוּדָה Judah, etym. unknown; LXX; TestSol 1:12 D; Test12Patr; JosAs 27:6; AscIs, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just., Mel., P. 93, 703.—The indecl. form Ἰουδά, which occasionally occurs in the LXX [e.g. Gen 29:35; 2 Macc 14:13 Swete; Thackeray 163] is not to be postulated for our lit., not even Mt 2:6; Lk 1:39) Judas, Judah (Hebr., the Engl. sp. conventionally used for 1 and 2), Judas (Gk., conventional sp. for nos. 3–7), Jude (s. 8 below); cp. B-D-F §53, 1; 55, 1a; Mlt-H, 143f.

① Judah, son of the patriarch Jacob

ⓐ in pers.: in the genealogy of Jesus Mt 1:2f; Lk 3:33. κατὰ τὸν Ἰούδαν through Judah 1 Cl 32:2.

ⓑ the tribe of Judah (Judg 1:2) ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ κύριος Hb 7:14. Also φυλὴ Ἰούδα Rv 5:5; 7:5 (Just., D. 43, 1).

ⓒ the country belonging to the tribe of Judah (Josh 11:21; 2 Ch 28:18) Βηθλέεμ γῆ Ἰούδα Mt 2:6a; cp. Lk 2:4 D; ἡγεμόνες Ἰ. Mt 2:6b; πόλις Ἰ. (2 Ch 23:2) Lk 1:39 (cp. CTorrey, HTR 17, 1924, 83–91). ὁ οἶκος Ἰ. (w. ὁ οἶκος Ἰσραήλ) the inhabitants of the land Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31).

② Judah, a pers. in the genealogy of Jesus

ⓐ Ἰ. son of Ἰωσήφ 2: Lk 3:30.

ⓑ Ἰ. son of Ἰωανάν: Lk 3:26 v.l.

③ Judas, called ὁ Γαλιλαῖος, a revolutionary in the time of Quirinius ‘in the days of the census’ (cp. Jos., Ant. 18, 4–10, 23–25; 20, 102, Bell. 2, 118; 433; 7, 253.—Schürer I 381f; 414; 417f; 425; II 599–606) Ac 5:37.—WLodder, J. de Galileër: NTS 9, 1926, 3–15.

④ Judas of Damascus, Paul’s host Ac 9:11.

⑤ Judas, an apostle, called Ἰ. Ἰακώβου son of Jacob or James (linguistically speaking, ἀδελφός might also be supplied: Alciphron 4, 17, 10 Τιμοκράτης ὁ Μητροδώρου, i.e. his brother), to differentiate him fr. the informer. He is mentioned in lists of apostles only in the writings of Luke, where two men named Judas are specifically referred to Lk 6:16 and presupposed Ac 1:13; cp. J 14:22.

⑥ Judas, several times called Ἰσκαριώθ or (ὁ) Ἰσκαριώτης (q.v.), the one who turned in Jesus Mt 10:4; 26:14, 25, 47; 27:3; Mk 3:19; 14:10, 43; Lk 6:16 (προδότης ‘traitor’); 22:3, 47f; J 12:4; 13:29; 18:2f, 5; Ac 1:16, 25; GEb 34, 61; Agr 23b; MPol 6:2 (also Mel., P. 93, 703). His father was Simon J 13:2, and this Simon is also called Ἰσκαριώτης 6:71; 13:26 (v.l. described him as Ἰσκαρ.). On Judas himself and the tradition concerning him, incl. the manner of his death, s. Papias (1:5 Lat. [cp. Hippolytus in Da 60 p. 338, 3 Bonwetsch]; 3:1, 2).—Cp. EPreuschen, Antileg.² 1905, 98. Lit. in Hennecke-Schneemelcher (Wils.) II 62–64 (s. also I 313f) as well as GMarquardt, D. Verrat des J. Isch.—eine Sage 1900; WWrede, Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 127–46; FFeigel, D. Einfluss d. Weissagungsbeweises 1910, 48ff; 95; 114; WSmith, Ecce Deus 1911, 295–309; KWeidel, StKr 85, 1912, 167–286; GSchläger, Die Ungeschichtlichkeit des Verräters J.: ZNW 15, 1914, 50–59; MPlath, ibid. 17, 1916, 178–88; WCadman, The Last Journey of Jesus to Jerus. 1923, 129–36; JRobertson, Jesus and J. 1927; DHaugg, J. Isk. in den ntl. Berichten 1930 (lit.); JFinegan, D. Überl. d. Leidens-u. Auferstehungsgesch. Jesu ’34; FDanker, The Literary Unity of Mk 14:1–25: JBL 85, ’66, 467–72. Esp. on the death of J.: RHarris, AJT 4, 1900, 490–513; JBernard, Exp. 6th ser., 9, 1904, 422–30; KLake, Beginn. V ’33, note 4, 22–30; PBenoit, La mort de Judas, AWikenhauser Festschr. ’53, 1–19; KLüthi, Judas Iskarioth in d. Geschichte d. Auslegung von d. Reformation bis zur Gegenwart ’55; idem, D. Problem d. Judas Iskarioth neu untersucht: EvTh 16, ’56, 98–114; MEnslin, How the Story Grew: Judas in Fact and Fiction: FGingrich Festschr., ed. Barth and Cocroft, ’72, 123–41; and s. παραδίδωμι and πρηνής.—JBrownson, Neutralizing the Intimate Enemy—The Portrayal of Judas in the Fourth Gospel: SPSBL ’92, 49–60; WKlassen, Judas—Betrayer or Friend of Jesus? ’96; s. also WVogler, Judas Iskarioth ’83.

⑦ Judas, called Βαρσαββᾶς (s. the entry), a Christian prophet in a leading position in the Jerusalem congregation Ac 15:22, 27, 32. His name also appears in the interpolated vs. 34.

⑧ Judas, a brother of Jesus Mt 13:55; Mk 6:3. Prob. the same man is meant by the Jude of Jd 1.—M-M. EDNT.

κατηχέω 1 aor. κατήχησα, pass. κατηχήθην; pf. pass. κατήχημαι (late word; PStras 41, 37 [III A.D.]; not LXX, but ParJer 5:19; Philo, Joseph.) gener. ‘to communicate’.

① to share a communication that one receives, report, inform (Jos., Vi. 366 αὐτός σε πολλὰ κατηχήσω=‘I will personally give you much information’) pass. be informed, learn (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 198; Ps.-Plut., Fluv. 7, 2; 8, 1; 17, 1 κατηχηθεὶς περὶ συμβεβηκότων; PPrinc II, 20, 1 [II A.D.]) ἵνα ἐπιγνῷς περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων τὴν ἀσφάλειαν (=τὴν ἀ. τῶν λόγων περὶ ὧν κ.) so that you may be certain about the things you have heard or been informed of Lk 1:4 (so, Zahn, JWeiss, EKlostermann; FVogel, NKZ 44, ’33, 203–5; Beyer, RSV; prob. in ref. to variations in reports or stories relating to the career of Jesus; s. ἀσφάλεια 2; others prefer mng. 2a). In a forensic context κατηχήθησαν περὶ σοῦ ὅτι they have been informed concerning you that Ac 21:21; cp. vs. 24.

② teach, instruct (Lucian, Jupp. Trag. 39; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 48; in our lit. only of instruction in theological matters. The noun κατήχησις normally refers to ‘instruction’ [LAlexander, The Preface to Luke’s Gospel ’93, 139, s. also 141f]).

ⓐ gener. τινά someone 1 Cor 14:19. ὁ κατηχῶν the teacher Gal 6:6b. Pass. (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 17 of teaching about God: κατηχούμενος πείθου παρʼ ἐμοῦ) κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου instructed in the law Ro 2:18. W. acc. of what is taught κατηχημένος τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ κυρίου in the way of the Lord Ac 18:25 (cp. Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 61, 2f]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 36, 2]). ὁ κατηχούμενος τὸν λόγον in (Christian) teaching Gal 6:6a (B-D-F §159, 1. BWeiss, HHoltzmann, FHauck, Rengstorf, Goodsp., NRSV, et al. prefer this mng. Lk 1:4 [but s. 1 above]: that you may know the truth about the things you have been taught. S. on παρακολουθέω 3.).

ⓑ in the specif. sense of basic Christian instruction for new converts give instruction 2 Cl 17:1.—PCarrington, The Primitive Christian Catechism ’40; CDodd in NT Essays (TWManson memorial vol.) ’59, 106–18.—DELG s.v. ἠχή. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

μετατίθημι by-form pres. 3 pl. μετατίθονται AcPl Ha 2, 26 (s. B-D-F §94, 1); fut. μεταθήσω Is 29:14; 1 aor. μετέθηκα; 2 aor. ptc. μεταθείς. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. μετατεθήσεται Is 29:17; 1 aor. μετετέθην (Hom.+) gener. ‘change (the position of)’.

① to convey from one place to another, put in another place, transfer τὴν χεῖρα ἐπί τι transfer your hand to someth. 13:5. W. acc. of pers. and indication of the goal μεταθέντες αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν καροῦχαν they had him transferred to the carriage MPol 8:2. Pass.: of corpses μετετέθησαν εἰς Συχέμ they were brought back to Shechem Ac 7:16. W. indication of the place fr. which ἐκ τῶν βασάνων be removed from (the place of) torment Hv 3, 7, 6 (μετατίθημι ἐκ as a grave-ins fr. Amastris: JÖAI 28 Beibl. ’33, col. 81f no. 39). Of Enoch be taken up, translated, taken away (to heaven) Hb 11:5a; 1 Cl 9:3 (cp. Sir 44:16; Wsd 4:10); the act. in the same sense and of the same person Hb 11:5b (Gen 5:24).

② to effect a change in state or condition, change, alter (Hdt. 5, 68 et al.; Jos., Ant. 15, 9; IAndrosIsis, Kyme 4: the νόμοι of Isis are not subject to alteration by humans) τὶ εἴς τι someth. into someth. (Esth 4:17s μετάθες τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ εἰς μῖσος) τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριτα εἰς ἀσέλγειαν pervert the grace of our God to dissoluteness Jd 4. Pass. μετατιθεμένης τῆς ἱερωσύνης when the priesthood is changed, i.e. passed on to another Hb 7:12 (Jos., Ant. 12, 387 of the transfer of the office of high priest to another person).—Of a severe alteration in condition collapse μεγάλαι πόλεις μετατίθονται AcPl Ha 2, 25f.

③ to have a change of mind in allegiance, change one’s mind, turn away, desert mid. (Polyb. 5, 111, 8; 24, 9, 6; Diod S 11, 4, 6; 2 Macc 7:24 ἀπὸ τ. πατρίων.—ὁ μεταθέμενος in Diog. L. 7, 166 and Athen. 7, 281d [the latter without the art.] refers to Dionysius the Turncoat, who left the Stoics and adopted Epicureanism) ἀπό τινος εἴς τι from someth. to someth. μ. ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς … εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον desert him who called you (and turn) to another gospel Gal 1:6 (cp. Hierocles 7 p. 429: there is to be no yielding to μεταβαλλομένοις ἐκ τῆς περὶ φιλοσοφίαν σπουδῆς εἰς ἑτέραν τινὰ τοῦ βίου πρόθεσιν; Just., D. 47, 5 ἀπὸ εὐσεβείας … ἐπὶ … ἀθεότητα; Field, Notes 188). ἀπὸ τῶν χαλεπῶν ἐπὶ τὰ δίκαια turn away from evil to good MPol 11:1 (cp. Just., A I, 45, 6 and D. 107, 2 al.).—M-M. TW.

Ναζωραῖος, ου, ὁ Nazoraean, Nazarene, predominantly a designation of Jesus, in Mt, J, Ac and Lk 18:37, while Mk has Ναζαρηνός (q.v.). Of the two places where the latter form occurs in Lk, the one, Lk 4:34, apparently comes fr. Mk (1:24), the other, 24:19, perh. fr. a special source. Where the author of Lk-Ac writes without influence fr. another source he uses Ναζωραῖος. Mt says expressly 2:23 that Jesus was so called because he grew up in Nazareth. In addition, the other NT writers who call Jesus Ναζωραῖος know Nazareth as his home. But linguistically the transition fr. Ναζαρέτ to Ναζωραῖος is difficult (Dalman, Gramm.² 178; Wlh. on Mt 26:69; MLidzbarski, Mandäische Liturgien 1920, xviff, Zeitschrift für Semitistik 1, 1922, 230ff, Ginza 1925, ixf; FBurkitt, The Syriac Forms of NT Proper Names 1912; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926 p. 432, 4; cp. 411f; RBultmann, ZNW 24, 1925, 143f, Jesus 1926, 26 [Eng. tr. 24]; HSchaeder in Rtzst. u. Schaeder, Studien zum antiken Synkretismus 1926 p. 308, 2, also TW IV 879–84; Moore below) and it is to be borne in mind that Ναζωραῖος meant someth. different before it was connected w. Nazareth (cp. Orig. Celsus 7, 18, 9f, who calls Jesus ὁ Ναζωραῖος ἄνθρωπος. JSanders, JBL 84, ’65, 169–72 [rev. in: The Gospels and the Scriptures of Israel, ed. CEvans/WStegner ’94, 116–28] interprets Ν. in Mt 2:23 as meaning both ‘coming from Nazareth’ and ‘miraculously born’). The pass. where Jesus is so called are Mt 2:23; 26:69 v.l., 71; Lk 18:37; J 18:5, 7; 19:19; Ac 2:22; 3:6; 4:10; 6:14; 22:8; 26:9. Acc. to Ac 24:5 the Christians were so called; s. Kl. Texte 3² p. 3, ln. 32 and 8³ p. 6, lines 8, 17, 27; p. 7, note on ln. 1ff; p. 8, ln. 5; p. 9, ln.17; 23; p. 10, ln. 5; 15; p. 11, ln. 28 and note on ln. 9ff, all passages in which Jewish Christians are called Nazaraei, Nazareni, Ναζωραῖοι.—Laud. Therap. 27 the monks are called ναζιραῖοι (with the v.l. Ναζαραῖοι).—EbNestle, ET 19, 1908, 523f, PM 14, 1910, 349f; HZimmern, ZDMG 74, 1920, 429ff; GMoore, Nazarene and Nazareth: Beginn. I/1, 1920, 426–32 (s. I/5, ’33, 356f); EMeyer II 408f; 423, 2; HGressmann, ZKG 41=n.s. 4, 1922, 166f; WCaspari, ZNW 21, 1922, 122–27; HSmith, Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται: JTS 28, 1927, 60; ELohmeyer, Joh. d. Täufer ’32, p. 115, 2; HSchlier, TRu n.s. 5, ’33, 7f; WOesterley, ET 52, ’41, 410–12; SLyonnet, Biblica 25, ’44, 196–206; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 197–200; WAlbright, JBL 65, ’46, 397–401, also JKennard, Jr., ibid. 66, ’47, 79–81; HShires, ATR 29, ’47, 19–27; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings, ’50, 257–60; BGärtner, Die rätselhafte Termini Nazoräer u. Iskariot ’57, 5–36; ESchweizer, Judentum, Urchrist., Kirche ’60, 90–93; RPesch: The Gospels and the Scriptures of Israel ’94, 178–211.—B-D-F §39, 4; BHHW II, 1293. M-M. EDNT. TW.

τέλειος, α, ον (Hom. [e.g. Il. 24, 34 of unblemished sacrificial animals] +) gener. ‘attaining an end or purpose, complete’.

① pert. to meeting the highest standard

ⓐ of things, perfect

α. as acme of goodness, as adj. (ἀρετή Did., Gen. 40, 19.—Of aeons, Iren. 1, 1, 1 [Harv. I 8, 2]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 31, 4) ἔργον Js 1:4a (s. ἔργον lb); cp. ISm 11:2. δώρημα Js 1:17 (s. δώρημα). νόμος vs. 25 (opp. the Mosaic law). ἀγάπη 1J 4:18. ἀνάλυσις 1 Cl 44:5 (Just., D. 41, 1). γνῶσις 1:2; B 1:5. πρόγνωσις 1 Cl 44:2. μνεία 56:1. ἐλπίς ISm 10:2 (v.l. πίστις); χάρις 11:1. νηστεία Hs 5, 3, 6. ναός B 4:11 (ἐκκλησία Did., Gen. 69, 14). τελειοτέρα σκηνή (s. σκηνή 2) Hb 9:11.—Subst. τὸ τέλειον what is perfect Ro 12:2; perh. 1 Cor 13:10 (opp. ἐκ μέρους. S. EHoffmann, ConNeot 3, ’38, 28–31). ἐνάρετον καὶ τέλειον (someth.) virtuous and perfect IPhld 1:2. W. gen. τὸ τέλειον τῆς γνώσεως ἡμῶν the full measure of our knowledge B 13:7. Pl. (Philo) τέλεια what is perfect ISm 11:3b (Tat. 13, 2 τὰ τέλεια).

β. as acme of badness (ApcSed 14:7 ἀπόγνωστοι τὴν τελείαν ἀπόγνωσιν), adj. ἁμαρτίαι B 8:1; Hv 1, 2, 1. σκάνδαλον B 4:3.—Subst. τὸ τέλειον τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν the full measure of the sins 5:11.

ⓑ of persons who are fully up to standard in a certain respect and not satisfied with half-way measures perfect, complete, expert (TAM II/1, 147, 4f ἰατρὸς τέλειος; ZPE 3, ’68, 86: Didymus Fgm. 281, 7 τέλειος γεώμετρος; Wsd 9:6; 1 Ch 25:8) τέλειος ἀθλητής IPol 1:3. Esther is τελεία κατὰ πίστιν 1 Cl 55:6. Jesus became τέλειος ἄνθρωπος perfect human ISm 4:2.

② pert. to being mature, full-grown, mature, adult (Aeschyl., Pla., X.+; oft. pap; Philo; Jos., Ant. 19, 362).

ⓐ adj. ἀνὴρ τέλειος Eph 4:13 (opp. νήπιοι, as Polyb. 5, 29, 2; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 94, Sobr. 9 νήπιον παιδίον πρὸς ἄνδρα τέλειον=an immature child compared to a mature man, Somn. 2, 10). In dazzling wordplay: μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσίν, ἀλλὰ τῇ κακίᾳ νηπιάζετε, ταῖς δὲ φρεσὶν τέλειοι γίνεσθε do not think like children, yet do be infants as respects evil, while at the same time grown-up in your thinking 1 Cor 14:20.

ⓑ subst. (Dio Chrys. 34 [51], 8 οἱ τ.; Diogenes, Ep. 31, 3 οἱ τ. … οἱ παῖδες; Ath., R. 17 p. 68, 31) τελείων ἐστὶν ἡ στερεὰ τροφή solid food is (only) for adults Hb 5:14 (opp. νήπιος). οἱ τέλειοι 1 Cor 2:6 is contrasted with νήπιοι 3:1 by WBauer, Mündige u. Unmündige bei dem Ap. Paulus, diss. Marburg 1902 (also Aufsätze u. Kleine Schriften, ed. GStrecker, ’67, 124–30 et al.; s. also GDelling, TW VIII 76–78.) But this may also belong in the next classification

③ pert. to being a cult initiate, initiated. As a t.t. of the mystery religions, τέλειος refers to one initiated into mystic rites (τελετή; s. τελειόω 3; cp. Herm. Wr. 4, 4; Philod., Περὶ θεῶν 1, 24, 12 [ed. HDiels, ABA 1915 p. 41; 93]; Iambl., Myst. 3, 7 p. 114 Parthey; Philo, Somn. 2, 234; Gnostics [WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921 p. 197, 1].—Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 133f; 338f; JWeiss, exc. after 1 Cor 3:3, also p. xviiif, Das Urchristentum 1917, 492; HKennedy, St. Paul and the Mystery Religions 1913, 130ff; Clemen² 314; in general, CZijerveld, Τελετή, Bijdrage tot de kennis der religieuze terminologie in het Grieksch ’34). Phil 3:15 and Col 1:28 prob. belong here (s. MDibelius, Hdb. on both passages. οἱ ὡς ἐν χριστιανισμῷ τ. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 19, 13).—CGuignebert, Quelques remarques sur la Perfection (τελείωσις) et ses voies dans le mystère paulinien: RHPR 8, 1928, 412–29; UWilckens, Weisheit u. Torheit, ’59, 53–60 supports Reitzenstein against Bauer.

④ pert. to being fully developed in a moral sense

ⓐ of humans perfect, fully developed (Hippol., Ref. 1, 19, 16) in a moral sense τέλειος ἀνήρ Js 3:2 (s. RHöistad, ConNeot 9, ’44, p. 22f). τὸν τέλειον ἄνθρωπον GMary 463, 26f (restored). Mostly without a noun εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι Mt 19:21 (EYarnold, TU 102, ’68, 269–73). Cp. IEph 15:2; D 1:4; 6:2. Pl. Mt 5:48a; ISm 11:3a. W. ὁλόκληροι Js 1:4b. W. πεπληροφορημένοι Col 4:12.

ⓑ of God perfect (Pind., Aeschyl. et al.; Theocr., Diod S, Plut. et al.; Tat.4, 2, 12; 4, 15, 2; Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 12]) Mt 5:48b (i.e. God is a role model for unlimited display of beneficence; cp. on this verse Hierocles 18 p. 459: the goal is τὴν πρὸς θεὸν ὁμοίωσιν κτήσασθαι ‘attainment of likeness to God’ [oft. in Hierocles]; Marinus, Vi. Procli 18 ἵνα τὴν ὁμοίωσιν ἔχῃ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, ὅπερ τέλος ἐστὶ τὸ ἄριστον τῆς ψυχῆς; Betz, SM ad loc.). Restoration in a corrupt context AcPl Ha 1, 11 (ed. indicates τελέσαι or τελεῖν as alternatives).—RFlew, The Idea of Perfection ’34; FGrant, The Earliest Gospel, ’43; EFuchs, RBultmann Festschr., ’54 (Beih. ZNW 21), 130–36; PDuPlessis, Teleios. The Idea of Perfection in the NT ’59; KPrümm, Das NTliche Sprach-u. Begriffsproblem der Vollkommenheit, Biblica 44, ’63, 76–92; AWikgren, Patterns of Perfection in Hb, NTS 6, ’60, 159–67.—Schmidt, Syn. IV 503f. DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἄνωθεν adv. of place (Trag., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 12:6 C; JosAs 21:4 [cod. A and Pal. 364]; ApcrEzk [Epiph 70, 10]; Just., Ath.).

① in extension fr. a source that is above, from above (SIG 969, 63; PHib 110, 66; 107; 109; Gen 49:25; Josh 3:16; EpJer 61; En 28:2; TestSol 12:6 C; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 64; 184, Fug. 138, Somn., 2, 142; Jos., Ant. 3, 158) σχισθῆναι ἀπʼ ἄ. ἕως κάτω be torn fr. top to bottom Mk 15:38. For this ἄ. ἕως κάτω Mt 27:51 (where ἀπʼ is added by many witnesses, foll. Mk). ἐκ τῶν ἄ. ὑφαντὸς διʼ ὅλου woven from the top in one piece (i.e. altogether without seam) J 19:23. Esp. from heaven (cp. ἄνω 1 and schol. on Pla. 856e of the seer: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα; Philo, Mos. 2, 69) ἄ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ J 3:27 v.l. ὁ ἄ. ἐρχόμενος he who comes from heaven (explained in the same vs. by ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐρχόμενος) 3:31. Of the Holy Spirit πνεῦμα ἄ. ἐρχόμενον Hm 11:21; also simply τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἄ. 11:8. ἡ δύναμις ἡ ἄ. ἐρχομένη 11:20. ἡ σοφία ἄ. κατερχομένη Js 3:15. Also ἡ ἄ. σοφία vs. 17. ἄ. εἶναι come from above Hm 9:11; 11:5; Js 1:17. Some would place 2 Cl 14:2 here, but the temporal sense seems more prob., s. 2. ἄ. δεδομένον bestowed from above (i.e. by God; cp. Procop. Soph., Ep. 109 θεοῦ ἄ. ἐπινεύοντος) J 19:11. ἄ. γεννᾶσθαι be born from above J 3:3, 7 (Epict. 1, 13, 3: all humans are begotten of their ancestor Zeus ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν σπερμάτων καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἄ. καταβολῆς; Just., D. 63, 3), but. s. 4 on the wordplay in these verses (Nicodemus thinks of physical rebirth [vs. 4], but the narrator shows Jesus with another dimension in mind).

② from a point of time marking the beginning of someth., from the beginning (Hippocr., VM 3; Pla.; Demosth. 44, 69; SIG 1104, 11; POxy 237 VIII, 31; En 98:5; JosAs 21:4 cod. A [p. 71, 19 Bat.]; Philo, Mos. 2, 48; Ath., R. 68, 19) παρακολουθεῖν ἄ. follow from the beginning Lk 1:3 (w. suggestion of thoroughness rather than temporal precision: LAlexander, The Preface to Luke’s Gospel, ’93, 130); cp. Ac 26:5 and s. 3. Opp. νῦν 2 Cl 14:2 (Lghtf.).

③ for a relatively long period in the past, for a long time (SIG 685, 81 and 91; 748, 2; PTebt 59, 7 and 10; Jos., Ant. 15, 250; Just. [throughout]; Ath.) προγινώσκειν ἄ. know for a long time Ac 26:5 (Ael. Aristid. 50, 78 K.=26 p. 525 D. ἄ. Ἀριστείδην γιγνώσκω) beside ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς vs. 4 (cp. Aelian NA 17, 40 οὐκ ἄνωθεν, οὐδὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς=not for a long time nor from of old). For Lk 1:3 s. 2.

④ at a subsequent point of time involving repetition, again, anew (Pla., Ep. 2 p. 310e ἄ. ἀρξάμενος; Epict. 2, 17, 27; Jos., Ant. 1, 263; IG VII, 2712, 59; BGU 595, 5ff) ἄ. ἐπιδεικνύναι MPol 1:1. Oft. strengthened by πάλιν (CIG 1625, 60; Wsd 19:6) Gal 4:9.—ἀ. γεννηθῆναι be born again J 3:3, 7 (ἄ. γεννᾶσθαι in the physical sense Artem. 1, 13) is designedly ambiguous and suggests also a transcendent experience born from above (s. 1 above on these pass. fr. J). JLouw, NThSt 23, ’40, 53–56; ESjöberg, Wiedergeburt u. Neuschöpfung im paläst. Judentum: Studia Theologica 4, ’51, 44–85.—DELG s.v. ἀνά. M-M.

ῥῆμα, ατος, τό (Pind.; Pla., Leg. 840c [w. μῦθο], prob. of edifying maxims; Hdt.+)

① that which is said, word, saying, expression, or statement of any kind τὰ ῥήματα the words (opp. τὰ ἔργα) 2 Cl 13:3; Hs 9, 21, 2; cp. Ac 16:38. πᾶν ῥῆμα every word B 11:8. πᾶν ῥῆμα ἀργόν Mt 12:36. πᾶν ῥ. πονηρόν Hs 5, 3, 6; οὐδὲ ἓν ῥ. not even one word Mt 27:14; cp. ῥῆμα ἕν Ac 28:25.—Lk 2:17, 50; 20:26; 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:3). φωνὴ ῥημάτων the sound of words, a voice whose words Hb 12:19; αἰσχρὸν ῥ. Hv 1, 1, 7. ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥ. Lk 24:11. ἄρρητα ῥήματα (s. ἄρρητος 2) 2 Cor 12:4. ῥ. ἔκφρικτα Hv 1, 3, 3b. ῥ. ἀληθῆ m 11:3; δεινὰ ῥ. MPol 8:3. ῥ. βλάσφημα Ac 6:11. ῥῆμα, ῥήματα ἀκούειν B 16:10; Hv 1, 1, 6; 4, 1, 7; 4, 2, 6 al. τὰ προειρημένα ῥ. (s. προεῖπον 1) 2 Pt 3:2; s. Jd 17; Hm 9:4. πολὺν ἐν ῥήμασιν γενέσθαι be profuse in speech, be too talkative 1 Cl 30:5 (Job 11:3).—τὸ ῥ., τὰ ῥ. oft. takes a special significance fr. the context: prophecy, prediction Mt 26:75; Mk 9:32; 14:72; Lk 1:38; 2:29; 9:45ab; 18:34; 22:61 (v.l. λόγο); 24:8; Ac 11:16; MPol 16:2. Declaration of scripture 2 Cl 15:4 (cp. Mel., P. 11, 73 τὰ ῥ. τῆ γραφῆ).—Command(ment), order, direction Lk 5:5; esp. of God (Dt 1:26) 3:2; Hb 11:3; 1 Cl 10:1; ῥ. τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ Hb 1:3. τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ῥ. the mighty creative word Hv 1, 3, 4; cp. 3, 3, 5. διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ Ro 10:17.— Threat λαλεῖν ῥήματα κατά τινος make threats against someth. Ac 6:13.—τὰ ῥ. speech, sermon, proclamation πάντα τὰ ῥ. αὐτοῦ everything he had to say Lk 7:1. ἐνωτίσασθε τὰ ῥήματά μου pay attention to what I am proclaiming Ac 2:14.—10:44; J 8:20. τὰ ῥήματα αὐτῶν their preaching Ro 10:18 (Ps 18:5).—Of pronouncements of (Christian) teaching or of divine understanding πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν πιστεύσετε; J 5:47. Cp. 6:63; 10:21; 12:47f; 14:10; 15:7; 17:8; Ac 10:22. ῥήματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου J 6:68. τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης Ac 5:20. ῥήματα ἐν οἷς σωθήσῃ 11:14. ῥήματα ἀληθείας κ. σωφροσύνης 26:25. τὰ ῥ. τοῦ θεοῦ (Sextus 4, 39 ῥήματα θεοῦ; Marinus, Vi. Procli 32 θεῖα ῥ.) J 3:34; 8:47. ἐπὶ παντὶ ῥήματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος θεοῦ (Dt 8:3) Mt 4:4. τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ κυρίου τὰ λεγόμενα διὰ παραβολῶν the Lord’s teachings which were expressed in the form of parables Hs 5, 4, 3. διάσταλμα ῥήματος the special meaning of the teaching B 10:11. Gener. the sing. brings together all the divine teachings as a unified whole, w. some such mng. as gospel, or confession: ἐγγύς σου τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν Ro 10:8a (Dt 30:14); cp. vs. 9 v.l. MSuggs, ‘The Word Is Near You’ Ro 10:6–10, JKnox Festschr. ’67, 289–312. Cp. Eph 5:26. ἐπότισεν ῥήματι he (Paul) gave (Artemilla) a drink of words to ponder AcPl Ha 4, 5. τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Pt 1:25b. W. objective gen. τὸ ῥῆμα τῆς πίστεως Ro 10:8b. W. subjective gen. ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17; Hb 6:5. τὸ ῥ. κυρίου 1 Pt 1:25a (cp. Is 40:8).—GKittel, D. Wort Gottes im NT: Pastoralblätter für Predigt etc. 80, ’37/38, 345–55.

② after the Hebrew an event that can be spoken about, thing, object, matter, event οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα nothing will be impossible with God Lk 1:37 (Gen 18:14). ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1 (both Dt 19:15; cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 24 [Stone p. 32]). Cp. the sing. (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 15 [Stone p. 40]; JosAs 17:1 [CBurchard, A Note on ῥῆμα in JosAs 17:1f; Lk 2:15, 17; Ac 10:3: NovT 27, ’85, 281–95]) Lk 2:15 (cp. 1 Km 4:16); Ac 10:37. Pl. Lk 1:65; 2:19, 51; Ac 5:32; 13:42.—ERepo, Der Begriff Rhema im Biblisch-griechischen (Academia Scientia Fennica) I ’52 (LXX); II ’54 (NT and early Christian lit.), but s. critique by GZuntz, L’Antiquité Classique 22, ’53, 106–12.—B. 1262. DELG s.v. εἴρω (2). M-M. EDNT. TW.