terram+col

vŏlūto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. and n. [id.], to roll, turn, twist, or tumble about.

Lit.

In gen.

With acc.:

amphoras per terram,

Col. 12, 48, 4:

pelagus (ventus),

Luc. 1, 412: pilas e fimo pedibus. i. e. to form by rolling together, Plin. 11, 28, 34, § 98; cf. volvo, I.—With se:

se in pulvere,

to roll about, wallow, Plin. 30, 16, 53, § 148.—

More freq., mid.:

ut gallinae possint in pulvere volutari,

roll themselves, roll, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 7:

sus caenoso lacu,

Col. 7, 10, 6:

super aureorum acervos... toto corpore volutatus est,

Suet. Calig. 42 fin.:

volutati supra jacentia poma (irenacei),

Plin. 8, 37, 56, § 133; cf.

in allusion to the lit. signif. of the name Verres: quem (Verrem) in luto volutatum totius corporis vestigiis invenimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53:

(animi) corporibus elapsi circum terram ipsam volutantur,

id. Rep. 6, 26, 29:

cum tibi pueri ad pedes volutarentur,

Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; so in part.:

genua amplexus genibusque volutans Haerebat,

Verg. A. 3, 607:

(amnis) per cava saxa volutans,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 45:

in sacco et cinere volutantes,

Tert. Apol. 40 fin. —

In partic., in mal. part., Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 140; Sen. Contr. 1, 2; Petr. 79; Just. 12, 16, 2; Tert. ad Uxor. 9.—

Trop., to roll, roll about, roll along, etc.; to roll, wallow.

In gen.:

vocem per ampla atria,

to roll, spread, Verg. A. 1, 725; so,

vocem,

id. ib. 5, 149:

murmura,

id. ib. 10, 98: confusa verba. Ov. M. 12, 55.—

Mid.: cum omnes in omni genere et scelerum et flagitiorum volutentur,

wallow, Cic. Fam. 9, 3, 1:

in omni dedecore,

Auct. Her. 4, 13, 19:

inter mala plurima,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 4.—

In partic.

To busy, occupy (of the mind):

animum saepe tacitis cogitationibus,

Liv. 9, 17, 2:

in veteribus scriptis studiose et multum volutatum esse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 10, 39; cf. id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 4.—

To turn over or revolve in the mind; to consider, weigh, ponder:

rem in pectore,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 1:

gladios in comisationem praeparatos volutabam in animo,

Liv. 40, 13, 4:

haec secum volutantem in animo,

id. 42, 11, 5:

hoc eum jam pridem volutare in animo,

id. 28, 18, 11:

haec in animo voluta,

Sen. Ep. 24, 15; cf.:

in pectore volutare,

Lact. 7, 16, 4:

ipse quid intra animum volutaverim... omittam referre,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

nihil umquam nisi sempiternum et divinum animo volutare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28:

aliud atque aliud consilium animo,

Curt. 5, 12, 10; Tac. H. 2, 49; Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5:

aliquid mente,

Lucr. 3, 240:

tacitus mecum ipse voluto,

Verg. E. 9, 37:

inter seque,

Ov. M. 1, 389:

multa secum animo volutans,

Liv. 40, 8, 5:

haec secum volutans,

id. 30, 14, 3; 26, 7, 3:

secum corde,

Verg. A. 4, 533:

suo cum corde,

id. ib. 6, 185:

aliquid in secreto cum amicis,

to consider, discuss, Liv. 34, 36, 4:

consilia de Romano bello,

id. 34, 60, 2:

quibus suā sponte volutantibus res inter se repugnantes obtorpuerant animi,

id. 32, 20, 2.—

Neutr., to roll or tumble one's self (very rare):

leone obvio suppliciter volutante,

Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 56; so id. 35, 11, 40, § 140 (cf. I. A. 1. b. fin. supra).

postŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [posco], to ask, demand, require, request, desire (syn.: posco, flagito, peto); constr. with aliquid, aliquid ab aliquo, aliquem aliquid, with ut ( ne), de, with inf., or absol.

In gen.:

incipiunt postulare, poscere, minari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78:

nemo inventus est tam audax, qui posceret, nemo tam impudens qui postularet ut venderet,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 44; cf. Liv. 2, 45; 3, 19:

tametsi causa postulat, tamen quia postulat, non flagitat, praeteribo,

Cic. Quint. 3, 13:

postulabat autem magis quam petebat, ut, etc.,

Curt. 4, 1, 8:

dehinc postulo, sive aequom est, te oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 19:

ita volo itaque postulo ut fiat,

id. ib. 3, 3, 18; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 27:

suom jus postulat,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 47; cf.:

aequom postulat, da veniam,

id. And. 5, 3, 30; and:

quid est? num iniquom postulo?

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 64:

nunc hic dies alios mores postulat,

id. And. 1, 2, 18:

fidem publicam,

Cic. Att. 2, 24, 2:

istud, quod postulas,

id. Rep. 1, 20, 33; id. Lael. 2, 9:

ad senatum venire auxilium postulatum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

deliberandi sibi unum diem postulavit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 22, 60; cf.:

noctem sibi ad deliberandum postulavit,

id. Sest. 34, 74:

postulo abs te, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 18:

postulatur a te jam diu vel flagitatur potius historia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 5:

quom maxime abs te postulo atque oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 4; and:

quidvis ab amico postulare,

Cic. Lael. 10, 35; cf. in pass.:

cum aliquid ab amicis postularetur,

id. ib.:

orationes a me duas postulas,

id. Att. 2, 7, 1:

quod principes civitatum a me postulassent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; cf. infra the passages with an object-clause.—With ut ( ne):

quodam modo postulat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

postulatum est, ut Bibuli sententia divideretur,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 1 (for other examples with ut, v. supra):

legatos ad Bocchum mittit postulatum, ne sine causā hostis populo Romano fieret,

Sall. J. 83, 1.—With subj. alone:

qui postularent, eos qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent, sibi dederent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 3.—With de:

sapientes homines a senatu de foedere postulaverunt,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

Ariovistus legatos ad eum mittit, quod antea de colloquio postulasset, id per se fieri licere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42.—With inf., freq. to be rendered, to wish, like, want: qui lepide postulat alterum frustrari, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 2, 7 (Sat. 32 Vahl.):

hic postulat se Romae absolvi, qui, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 138:

o facinus impudicum! quam liberam esse oporteat, servire postulare,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 62; id. Men. 2, 3, 88:

me ducere istis dictis postulas?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Eun. 1, 1, 16:

(lupinum) ne spargi quidem postulat decidens sponte,

Plin. 18, 14, 36, § 135:

si me tibi praemandere postulas,

Gell. 4, 1, 11.—With a double object: quas (sollicitudines) levare tua te prudentia postulat, demands of you, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2. —With nom. and inf.:

qui postulat deus credi,

Curt. 6, 11, 24.—

In partic., in jurid. lang.

To summon, arraign before a court, to prosecute, accuse, impeach (syn.: accuso, insimulo); constr. class. usu. with de and abl., post-Aug. also with gen.):

Gabinium tres adhuc factiones postulant: L. Lentulus, qui jam de majestate postulavit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 15:

aliquem apud praetorem de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Cornel. Fragm. 1:

aliquem repetundis,

Tac. A. 3, 38:

aliquem majestatis,

id. ib. 1, 74:

aliquem repetundarum,

Suet. Caes. 4: aliquem aliquā lege, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3:

aliquem ex aliquā causā reum,

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 33:

aliquem impietatis reum,

Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 7:

aliquem injuriarum,

Suet. Aug. 56 fin.:

aliquem capitis,

Dig. 46, 1, 53:

qui (infames) postulare prohibentur,

Paul. Sent. 1, 2, 1.—

To demand a writ or leave to prosecute, from the prætor or other magistrate:

postulare est desiderium suum vel amici sui in jure apud eum qui jurisdictioni praeest exponere vel alterius desiderio contradicere, etc.,

Dig. 3, 1, 1; cf.

this whole section: De postulando: in aliquem delationem nominis postulare,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 64:

postulare servos in quaestionem,

id. Rosc. Am. 28, 77:

quaestionem,

Liv. 2, 29, 5.—

For the usual expostulare, to complain of one:

quom patrem adeas postulatum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38 (but in id. Mil. 2, 6, 35, the correct read. is expostulare; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Postulare votum (lit. to ask a desire, i. e.), to vow, App. Flor. init. —

Of the seller, to demand a price, ask (post-class. for posco):

pro eis (libris) trecentos Philippeos postulasse,

Lact. 1, 6, 10; cf.:

accipe victori populus quod postulat aurum,

Juv. 7, 243. —

Transf., of things.

To contain, measure:

jugerum sex modios seminis postulat,

Col. 2, 9, 17.—

To need, require:

cepina magis frequenter subactam postulat terram,

Col. 11, 3, 56.—Hence, po-stŭlātum, i, n.; usually in plur.: po-stŭlāta, ōrum, a demand, request (class.):

intolerabilia postulata,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1; id. Phil. 12, 12, 28: deferre postulata alicujus ad aliquem, Caes. B. C. 1, 9:

cognoscere de postulatis alicujus,

id. B. G. 4, 11 fin.:

postulata facere,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 4.

postŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [posco], to ask, demand, require, request, desire (syn.: posco, flagito, peto); constr. with aliquid, aliquid ab aliquo, aliquem aliquid, with ut ( ne), de, with inf., or absol.

In gen.:

incipiunt postulare, poscere, minari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78:

nemo inventus est tam audax, qui posceret, nemo tam impudens qui postularet ut venderet,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 44; cf. Liv. 2, 45; 3, 19:

tametsi causa postulat, tamen quia postulat, non flagitat, praeteribo,

Cic. Quint. 3, 13:

postulabat autem magis quam petebat, ut, etc.,

Curt. 4, 1, 8:

dehinc postulo, sive aequom est, te oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 19:

ita volo itaque postulo ut fiat,

id. ib. 3, 3, 18; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 27:

suom jus postulat,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 47; cf.:

aequom postulat, da veniam,

id. And. 5, 3, 30; and:

quid est? num iniquom postulo?

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 64:

nunc hic dies alios mores postulat,

id. And. 1, 2, 18:

fidem publicam,

Cic. Att. 2, 24, 2:

istud, quod postulas,

id. Rep. 1, 20, 33; id. Lael. 2, 9:

ad senatum venire auxilium postulatum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

deliberandi sibi unum diem postulavit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 22, 60; cf.:

noctem sibi ad deliberandum postulavit,

id. Sest. 34, 74:

postulo abs te, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 18:

postulatur a te jam diu vel flagitatur potius historia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 5:

quom maxime abs te postulo atque oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 4; and:

quidvis ab amico postulare,

Cic. Lael. 10, 35; cf. in pass.:

cum aliquid ab amicis postularetur,

id. ib.:

orationes a me duas postulas,

id. Att. 2, 7, 1:

quod principes civitatum a me postulassent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; cf. infra the passages with an object-clause.—With ut ( ne):

quodam modo postulat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

postulatum est, ut Bibuli sententia divideretur,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 1 (for other examples with ut, v. supra):

legatos ad Bocchum mittit postulatum, ne sine causā hostis populo Romano fieret,

Sall. J. 83, 1.—With subj. alone:

qui postularent, eos qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent, sibi dederent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 3.—With de:

sapientes homines a senatu de foedere postulaverunt,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

Ariovistus legatos ad eum mittit, quod antea de colloquio postulasset, id per se fieri licere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42.—With inf., freq. to be rendered, to wish, like, want: qui lepide postulat alterum frustrari, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 2, 7 (Sat. 32 Vahl.):

hic postulat se Romae absolvi, qui, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 138:

o facinus impudicum! quam liberam esse oporteat, servire postulare,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 62; id. Men. 2, 3, 88:

me ducere istis dictis postulas?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Eun. 1, 1, 16:

(lupinum) ne spargi quidem postulat decidens sponte,

Plin. 18, 14, 36, § 135:

si me tibi praemandere postulas,

Gell. 4, 1, 11.—With a double object: quas (sollicitudines) levare tua te prudentia postulat, demands of you, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2. —With nom. and inf.:

qui postulat deus credi,

Curt. 6, 11, 24.—

In partic., in jurid. lang.

To summon, arraign before a court, to prosecute, accuse, impeach (syn.: accuso, insimulo); constr. class. usu. with de and abl., post-Aug. also with gen.):

Gabinium tres adhuc factiones postulant: L. Lentulus, qui jam de majestate postulavit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 15:

aliquem apud praetorem de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Cornel. Fragm. 1:

aliquem repetundis,

Tac. A. 3, 38:

aliquem majestatis,

id. ib. 1, 74:

aliquem repetundarum,

Suet. Caes. 4: aliquem aliquā lege, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3:

aliquem ex aliquā causā reum,

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 33:

aliquem impietatis reum,

Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 7:

aliquem injuriarum,

Suet. Aug. 56 fin.:

aliquem capitis,

Dig. 46, 1, 53:

qui (infames) postulare prohibentur,

Paul. Sent. 1, 2, 1.—

To demand a writ or leave to prosecute, from the prætor or other magistrate:

postulare est desiderium suum vel amici sui in jure apud eum qui jurisdictioni praeest exponere vel alterius desiderio contradicere, etc.,

Dig. 3, 1, 1; cf.

this whole section: De postulando: in aliquem delationem nominis postulare,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 64:

postulare servos in quaestionem,

id. Rosc. Am. 28, 77:

quaestionem,

Liv. 2, 29, 5.—

For the usual expostulare, to complain of one:

quom patrem adeas postulatum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38 (but in id. Mil. 2, 6, 35, the correct read. is expostulare; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Postulare votum (lit. to ask a desire, i. e.), to vow, App. Flor. init. —

Of the seller, to demand a price, ask (post-class. for posco):

pro eis (libris) trecentos Philippeos postulasse,

Lact. 1, 6, 10; cf.:

accipe victori populus quod postulat aurum,

Juv. 7, 243. —

Transf., of things.

To contain, measure:

jugerum sex modios seminis postulat,

Col. 2, 9, 17.—

To need, require:

cepina magis frequenter subactam postulat terram,

Col. 11, 3, 56.—Hence, po-stŭlātum, i, n.; usually in plur.: po-stŭlāta, ōrum, a demand, request (class.):

intolerabilia postulata,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1; id. Phil. 12, 12, 28: deferre postulata alicujus ad aliquem, Caes. B. C. 1, 9:

cognoscere de postulatis alicujus,

id. B. G. 4, 11 fin.:

postulata facere,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 4.

prō-lŭo, lŭi, lūtum, 3, v. a., to wash forth or out, to cast out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; not found in Cic.; once in Cæs.; v. infra).

Lit.:

genus omne natantum Litore in extremo... fluctus Proluit,

Verg. G. 3, 543;

ventrem,

i. e. to cause diarrhœa, Col. 7, 3, 25.—

Transf.

To wash off or away:

tempestas ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

impetus aquarum proluit terram,

Col. 2, 18, 5; cf.:

silvas Eridanus,

Verg. G. 1, 481; id. A. 12, 686.—Hence, *

Trop., to make away with property:

pecuniam prandiorum gurgitibus,

to squander, dissipate, Gell. 2, 24, 11.—

To moisten, wet, wash:

in vivo prolue rore manus,

Ov. F. 4, 778:

ensem,

i. e. with blood, Sil. 15, 304:

cruor proluit pectora,

Stat. Th. 8, 711.— Poet., of drinking:

leni praecordia mulso Prolueris melius,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 26:

se pleno auro,

Verg. A. 1, 739;

multā prolutus vappā,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 16:

nec fonte labra prolui caballino,

Pers. prol. 1.—In comic lang.: cloacam (i. e. ventrem), to wash out the stomach, i. e. to drink one's fill, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 29.—

To overflow, inundate (postclass.): prolutas esse regiones imbribus, App. de Mundo, p. 73, 26.

con-gĕro, gessi, gestum, 3, v. a., to bear, carry, or bring together, to collect; to prepare, to make, build, heap up, etc. (class. and freq.).

Lit.

With acc.:

undique, quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent,

Nep. Them. 6, 5:

congestis undique saccis,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 70:

cetera aedificanti utilia,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: caedi arbores et saxa congeri jubet,

Curt. 8, 2, 24:

alimenta undique,

id. 7, 11, 1:

frondem,

id. 8, 10, 17:

virgulta arida,

Suet. Caes. 84:

robora,

Ov. M. 12, 515:

arma,

id. ib. 14, 777:

tura,

id. ib. 7, 160; cf.:

turea dona,

Verg. A. 6, 224:

epulas alicui,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 70 sq.:

cibaria sibi,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 32:

viaticum,

Cic. Planc. 10, 26:

divitias sibi fulvo auro,

Tib. 1, 1, 1:

opes,

Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 136:

congestoque avidum pinguescere corpore corpus,

Ov. M. 15, 89:

nemus,

i. e. wood, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216; cf.

silvas,

id. ib. 506:

siccā congestā pulvere barbā,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 31:

terram,

Col. Arb. 3, 6; cf. Dig. 19, 2, 57:

oscula congerimus properata,

to join, add one to another, Ov. H. 17 (18), 113.—

With acc., and a designation of place to, at, or in which, etc., any thing is brought or heaped up:

hasce herbas in suum alvum,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; cf. Ov. M. 6, 651:

in cellulam patris penum omnem congerebam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 18:

laticem in vas,

Lucr. 3, 1009; cf. id. 3, 936:

Midae dormienti formicae in os tritici grana congesserunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 78; cf.:

in os pueri,

id. ib. 2, 31, 66:

excrementa in unum locum,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 25; Suet. Vesp. 5; Sen. Oedip. 870:

scuta illi (sc. virgini) pro aureis donis congesta,

Liv. 1, 11, 8; cf. Suet. Ner. 19:

sestertium millies in culinam,

to expend, Sen. ad Helv. 10:

huc amnes vastos congerit tellus,

Val. Fl. 4, 717:

Pindo congestus Athos,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1153:

uni (digito anulos),

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 25:

humum corbulae,

Suet. Ner. 19.—

In partic.

Of weapons, missiles, etc., to throw in great numbers, accumulate, shower, etc.:

lanceas,

Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 15:

saxa in caput alicujus,

Sen. Oedip. 871:

in ipsum Porum tela,

Curt. 8, 14, 38:

congestis telis,

Tac. A. 2, 11.—Hence, poet.:

ictus alicui,

Val. Fl. 4, 307:

plagas mortuo,

Phaedr. 4, 1, 11.—

To make, build, construct, etc., by bringing or heaping together:

Echinades insulae ab Acheloo amne congestae,

Plin. 2, 85, 87, § 201:

aram sepulcri arboribus,

Verg. A. 6, 178:

oppida manu,

id. G. 1, 256:

pauperis et tuguri congestum caespite culmen,

id. E. 1, 69.—So of birds, insects, etc.:

lucifugis congesta cubilia blattis,

Verg. G. 4, 243:

nidum,

Ser. Samm. 10, 30; and absol. notavi Ipse locum aëriae quo congessere palumbes (sc. nidum), Verg. E. 3, 69; Gell. 2, 29, 5 (cf. the full expression:

in nervom ille hodie nidamenta congeret,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 51): apes in alvearium congesserant, Cic. Oecon. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.:

rape, congere, aufer,

Mart. 8, 44, 9.—

Trop.

In discourse, to bring, take, or comprise together, to compile (freq. in Quint.):

operarios omnes,

Cic. Brut. 86, 297:

dicta,

Quint. 6, 3, 5; cf. id. 4, 5, 7:

argumenta (opp. dissolvere),

id. 5, 13, 15:

vana (maledicta),

id. 7, 2, 34:

undique nomina plurimorum poëtarum,

id. 10, 1, 56:

orationem dierum ac noctium studio,

id. 12, 6, 5; cf.:

orationem ex diversis,

id. 2, 11, 7:

figuras,

id. 9, 3, 5: zôê kai psuchê lascivum congeris usque, i. e. you repeat, Mart. 10, 68, 5.—With in:

ut te eripias ex eā, quam ego congessi in hunc sermonem, turbā patronorum,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; so Quint. 4, 3, 3; 9, 1, 25; 9, 3, 39; 10, 5, 23.—

To put something upon one in a hostile or friendly manner, to accumulate, heap upon, to impart, ascribe to, to impute, attribute to; constr. class. with ad or in; post-Aug. also with dat. pers.: ad quem di [p. 419] atque homines omnia ornamenta congessissent, Cic. Deiot. 4, 12:

ne plus aequo quid in amicitiam congeratur,

id. Lael. 16, 58:

ingentia beneficia in aliquem,

Liv. 42, 11, 2; 30, 1, 4:

congerere juveni consulatus, triumphos,

Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.; cf.:

ambitiosae majestati quicquid potuimus titulorum congessimus,

Sen. Clem. 1, 14, 2; Suet. Calig. 15; id. Aug. 98:

mortuo laudes congessit,

id. Tit. 11:

mala alicui,

Sen. Contr. 1, 7, 2: meli mou, psuchê mou congeris usque, Mart. 10, 68, 5:

spes omnis in unum Te mea congesta est,

Ov. M. 8, 113:

in unum omnia,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117; cf.: iis nihil, quo expleri possit eorum meritum, tributurum populum Romanum, si omnia simul congesserit, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 7.—Esp., of crimes, etc.:

maledicta in aliquem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 15; cf.:

congestis probris,

Suet. Tib. 54:

quae (crimina) postea sunt in eum congesta,

Cic. Mil. 24, 64:

causas alicujus rei in aliquem,

Liv. 3, 38, 7.— Hence, * congestus, a, um, P. a., lit. brought together; hence, in pregn. signif., pressed together, thick:

gobio congestior alvo,

Aus. Mos. 132.—

* Adv.: congestē, briefly, summarily:

haec breviter et congeste,

Capitol. Marc. Aur. 19 fin.

con-gĕro, ōnis, m. [1. congero], a thief, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 6; cf. Fulg. p. 566, 13: congerones qui aliena ad se congregant; so also 2. gero.

rĕ-mollio, no perf., ītum, 4, v. a., to make soft again, to make soft, soften ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

terram,

Col. 2, 11, 9:

grana umore remollita,

App. Herb. 3, 9:

quare... Salmacis enervet tactosque remolliat artus,

softens, weakens, Ov. M. 4, 286.—

Trop.:

eo se inhibitum ac remolitum, quo minus, ut destinarat, etc.,

softened, mollified, Suet. Aug. 79.

ŏcŭlus (sync. oclus, Prud. steph. 10, 592 dub.), i, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. akshi and aksha, from the root ītsh, videre; Gr. ossomai, osse; Goth. augō; Germ. Auge; Engl. eye], an eye.

Lit.:

quae (natura) primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit et saepsit... sed lubricos oculos fecit et mobiles,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142; cf. Cels. 7, 7, 13; Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 139 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 221:

venusti,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

eminentes,

prominent, id. Vatin. 2, 4:

oculi tanquam speculatores,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 140:

acuti,

id. Planc. 27, 69:

maligni,

Verg. A. 5, 654:

minaces,

Luc. 2, 26: oculos conicere in aliquem, to cast or fix one's eyes upon, Cic. Clu. 19, 54:

oculos conjecit in hostem,

Verg. A. 12, 483: adicere alicui rei, to cast one's eyes upon, glance at:

ad eorum ne quem oculos adiciat suos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 24; to covet, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 37:

adicere ad rem aliquam,

id. Agr. 2, 10, 25:

de aliquo nusquam deicere,

to never turn one's eyes away from, to regard with fixed attention, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

deicere ab aliquā re,

to turn away, id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

in terram figere,

to fix one's eyes upon the ground, Tac. H. 4, 72:

deicere in terram,

to cast down to, Quint. 1, 11, 9:

demittere,

Ov. M. 15, 612:

erigere,

id. ib. 4, 146: attollere. Verg. A. 4, 688; Ov. M. 2, 448:

circumferre,

id. ib. 6, 169:

premere,

Verg. A. 9, 487: deponere, to fix, Hor C. 1, 36, 18:

distorquere,

id. S. 1, 9, 65:

spargere,

to direct hither and thither, Pers. 5, 33:

oculis cernere,

to see with one's own eyes, Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

oculos auferre spectanti,

to blind the eyes of an observer, to cheat him before his eyes, Liv. 6, 15 fin.: ponere sibi aliquid ante oculos. i. e. to imagine to one's self any thing, Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

proponere oculis suis aliquid,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

esse ante oculos,

to be before one's eyes, id. Lael. 11, 38: res posita in oculis, and ante oculos, that lies before one's eyes, is apparent, evident:

de rebus ante oculos positis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 5:

omnia sunt enim posita ante oculos,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

inque meis oculis candida Delos erat,

before my eyes, Ov. H. 21, 82: vivere in oculis, habitare in oculis, to live in the sight of, in the presence of, in intercourse with:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium quondam viximus,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 3:

habitavi in oculis,

id. Planc. 27, 66; cf.:

in foro palam Syracusis in ore atque in oculis provinciae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; Liv. 22, 12; 35, 10; Tac. H. 4, 77:

habere in oculis,

to keep in sight, to watch, observe, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 66:

in oculis omnium submergi,

Curt. 9, 4, 11:

se ante oculos suos trucidari sinerent,

Liv. 2, 6, 2; 4, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48: ab oculis alicujus abire (ire), to leave one's presence:

Abin' hinc ab oculis?

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 147; id. Truc. 2, 5, 24; Sen. Ep. 36, 10; cf.:

ab oculis recedere,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11:

ab oculis concedere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

(angues) conspecti repente ex oculis abierunt,

out of sight, Liv. 25, 16, 2:

prodigii species ex oculis elapsa,

id. 26, 19, 7:

(avem) ablatam ex oculis,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

facesserent propere ex urbe ab ore atque oculis populi Romani,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

sub oculis alicujus,

before a person's eyes, in his presence, Caes. B. C. 1, 71; Vell. 2, 79, 4:

sub oculis domini esse,

Col. 9, 5, 2:

quos honores sub oculis tuis gessit,

Plin. Ep. 10, 11, 2:

sub avi oculis necari,

Just. 1, 4, 5; Flor. 4, 7, 8:

hostes sub oculis erant,

Liv. 22, 14, 3; 26, 38, 9:

sub oculis Caesaris,

Tac. A. 2, 35: hunc oculis suis nostrarum numquam quisquam vidit, with his own eyes, i. e. actually, in person, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 10:

numquam ante hunc diem meis oculis eam videram,

id. Hec. 5, 4, 23: ad oculum, for display, to be seen:

non ad oculum servientes,

Vulg. Eph. 1, 18; id. Col. 3, 22.—As a term of endearment, the apple of my eye, my darling:

ubi isti sunt quibus vos oculi estis, quibus vitae estis, quibus deliciae?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 46:

bene vale, ocule mi!

id. Curc. 1, 3, 47 —Hence, in a double sense:

par oculorum in amicitiā M. Antonii triumviri,

Suet. Rhet. 5.—The ancients swore by their eyes:

si voltis per oculos jurare, nihilo magis facietis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 1.—

Transf.

The power of seeing, sight, vision: ut eum quoque oculum, quo bene videret, amitteret, lost, i. e. became blind, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:

oculos perdere,

id. Har. Resp. 18, 37:

restituere alicui,

Suet. Vesp. 7; cf.:

oculis usurpare rem,

i. e. see, Lucr. 1, 301.—

A luminary, said of the sun and stars ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): mundi oculus. i. e. the sun, Ov. M. 4, 228:

stellarum oculi,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10.—

A spot resembling an eye, as on a panther's hide, a peacock's tail, etc., Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62:

pavonum caudae,

id. 13, 15, 30, § 96. —So arch. t. t.:

oculus volutae,

Vitr. 3, 5. —

Of plants.

An eye, bud, bourgeon: oculos imponere, i. e. to bud, inoculate, Verg. G. 2, 73:

gemmans,

Col. 4, 24, 16.—

A bulb or knob on many roots, on the reed, etc.:

harundinis,

Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 3:

seritur harundo bulbo radicis, quem alii oculum vocant,

Plin. 17, 20, 33, § 144.—

A plant, called also aizoum majus, Plin. 25, 13, 102, § 160. —

Trop.

A principal ornament: hi duo illos oculos orae maritimae effoderunt ( Corinth and Carthage), Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

ex duobus Graeciae oculis,

i. e. Athens and Sparta, Just. 5, 8, 4.—

The eye of the soul, the mind's eye:

eloquentiam quam nullis nisi mentis oculis videre possumus,

Cic. Or. 29, 101:

acrioribus mentis oculis intueri,

Col. 3, 8, 1:

oculos pascere re aliquā,

to feast one's eyes on any thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; cf.:

concupiscentia oculorum,

Vulg. 1 Joh. 2, 16: fructum oculis (dat.) capere ex aliquā re, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: oculi dolent, the eyes ache, i. e. one is afflicted by something seen, Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 64; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1; cf.:

pietas, pater, oculis dolorem prohibet,

i. e. forbids me to take offence, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 4: in oculis, in the eye, i. e. in view, hoped or expected:

frumenti spes, quae in oculis fuerat, utrosque frustrata pariter,

Liv. 26, 39, 23:

acies et arma in oculis erant,

Curt. 3, 6, 3:

Philotae supplicium in oculis erat,

id. 8, 6, 21:

esse in oculis,

to be beloved, esteemed, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

esse in oculis multitudinis,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: ferre, gestare in oculis, to love, esteem, value:

oderat tum, cum, etc....jam fert in oculis,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:

rex te ergo in oculis,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11: aequis oculis videre, i. e. contentedly, with satisfaction (like aequo animo), Curt. 8, 2, 9: ante oculos, in mind, in view:

mors ante oculos debet esse,

Sen. Ep. 12, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6; also plain, obvious:

simul est illud ante oculos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 85, 349:

sit ante oculos Nero,

i. e. set him before you, consider him, Tac. H. 1, 16: ante oculos habere, to keep in mind (post-class.):

habe ante oculos hanc esse terram,

Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 4:

mortalitatem,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; Just. 5, 6, 1; for which (late Lat.) prae oculis: prae oculis habere terrorem futuri judicii, Greg. M. Ep. 2, 48;

3, 27 al.: nec jam fas ullum prae oculis habent,

Amm. 30, 4, 18: ob oculos versari, to be before the mind, etc.:

mors (ei) ob oculos versatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Liv. 28, 19, 14; cf.:

usu versatur ante oculos vobis Glaucia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98; id. Fin. 2, 22, 75; 5, 1, 3; id. Dom. 55, 141; Liv. 34, 36, 6: ponere aliquid ante oculos, to call up in mind, imagine, etc.:

eā (translatione) utimur rei ante oculos ponendae causā,

Auct. Her. 4, 34, 45:

ora eorum ponite vobis ante oculos,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

calamitatem Cottae sibi ante oculos ponunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

exsilium Cn. Marci sibi proponunt ante oculos,

Liv. 2, 54, 6:

conjurationem ante oculos ponere,

id. 24, 24, 8:

studia eorum vobis ante oculos proponere,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48;

rarely: constituere sibi aliquid ante oculos,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Aug. Serm. 233, 3: ante oculos ponere (proponere), with ellips. of dat. of person, Cic. Marc. 2, 5; id. Deiot. 7, 20; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115; 11, 3, 7; id. N. D. 1, 41, 114:

nec a re publicā deiciebam oculos,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1.

prō-scindo, scĭdi, scissum, 3, v. a., to tear open in front, to rend, split, cleave, cut up, cut in pieces ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.

In gen.:

ferro proscindere quercum,

Luc. 3, 434:

piscem,

App. Mag. p. 300, 18 and 20:

spumanti Rhodanus proscindens gurgite campos,

Sil. 3, 449:

vulnere pectus,

Stat. Th. 10, 439:

fulgure terram,

Just. 44, 3, 6.—

In partic., in agriculture, of the first ploughing, to break up the land: rursum terram cum primum arant, proscindere appellant; cum iterum, offringere dicunt, quod primā aratione glebae grandes solent excitari. Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 2; 1, 27, 2:

terram transversis adversisque sulcis,

Col. 3, 13, 4: priusquam ares, proscindito, Cato ap. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 176: bubulcum autem per proscissum ingredi oportet, the trench, furrow, Col. 2, 2, 25; 3, 13, 4; 11, 2, 32.— Poet., in gen., for arare, to plough: rorulentas terras, Att. ap. Non. p. 395, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 496 Rib.):

validis terram proscinde juvencis,

Verg. G. 2, 237:

terram pressis aratris,

Lucr. 5, 209:

ferro campum,

Ov. M. 7, 119.—

Transf., to cut through, to cleave, furrow ( poet.): rostro ventosum aequor. Cat. 64, 12:

remo stagna,

Sil. 8, 603.—

Trop., to cut up with words, to censure, satirize, revile, defame:

aliquem,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 47:

equestrem ordinem,

Suet. Calig. 30:

aliquem foedissimo convicio,

id. Aug. 13:

carminibus proscissus,

Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48: aliquem famoso carmine, Suet. Vit. Luc.; Val. Max. 5, 3, 3; 8, 5, 2.

dē-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [premo], to press down, weigh down, sink down, to depress (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

vis venti nubem deprimit,

Lucr. 6, 432:

qui (Critolaus) tantum propendere illam lancem putet, ut terram et maria deprimat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 17 fin.; cf. id. Fin. 5, 30, 92: deprimi in tenebras, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 19:

ad mentum depresso supercilio,

id. Pis. 6 fin.:

animus caelestis ex altissimo domicilio depressus et quasi demersus in terram,

id. de Sen. 21:

depresso aratro (sc. in terram),

Verg. G. 1, 45 et saep.— Absol.:

haec quae porto deprimunt,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 9.—

In partic.

To sink deep, as a plant, a well, etc.; to plant deep, to dig deep:

vites in terram,

Cato R. R. 32 fin.; cf. Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 10:

plantas,

Col. 11, 3, 28 et saep.:

qui tollit aedificium, vel deprimit,

Dig. 8, 2, 17, § 2:

saxum in mirandam altitudinem depressum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27; cf.:

valle in altitudinem depressa,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9, 2:

locus circiter duodecim pedes humi depressus,

Sall. C. 55, 3:

fossam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 40, 3; Tac. A. 15, 42:

deprimere vel allevare rivum,

Dig. 8, 4, 11 et saep.—

Naut. t. t., to sink to the bottom, to sink, sc. a ship:

partem navium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 58 fin.:

naves,

id. ib. 2, 6 fin.; 2, 7; Nep. Con. 4, 4:

lenunculos,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43 fin.:

carinam,

Ov. M. 14, 185; Tac. H. 4, 79: classis superata atque depressa, Cic. de imp. Pomp. 8, 21 et saep. —

Trop.

To press down, depress:

animus depressus,

Lucr. 6, 53: vos, gemi nae voragines scopulique reipublicae, vos meam fortunam deprimitis? vestram extollitis? (a figure borrowed from the sinking of a ship, v. supra, no. I. B. 2), Cic. Pis. 18; cf.:

improbitate depressa veritas emergit,

id. Clu. 65, 183:

ita se quisque extollit, ut deprimat alium,

Liv. 3, 65 fin.; cf. id. 30, 36; Plin. Pan. 44, 6 et saep.:

preces,

to suppress, silence, Nep. Att. 22, 2:

nunc quid elocutio attollat aut deprimat dicendum,

Quint. 8, 3 fin.: depressus in ludum, i. e. pressed, forced, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3.—

Esp., to depreciate in words, disparage (cf. depretio):

adversariorum causam per contemptionem deprimere,

Auct. Her. 1, 5, 8; Cic. Inv. 1, 16, 22.—

To oppress (late Lat.):

populum,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 5, 15.—Hence, dēpressus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., pressed down, i. e. deep, lying low, depressed (perh. only post-Aug.):

humilius et depressius iter,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2:

aquaeductus depressior,

Front. Aquaed. 65:

depresso loco castra ponere,

id. Strat. 1, 5, 24.—

Transf., of the voice, low, suppressed:

quam sedatissima et depressissima vox,

Auct. Her. 3, 14.— Adv.: dē-pressē, deeply; pos. not found.— Comp.:

fodere, quo depressius aestivos specus foderint,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 2:

pastinare,

Col. 11, 3, 10.

altus, a, um, participle from alo., lit., grown or become great, great (altus ab alendo dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 7 Müll.; cf. the Germ. gross with the Engl. grow), a polar word meaning both high and deep.

Seen from below upwards, high.

Lit.: IN ALTOD MARID PVCNANDOD, etc., Columna Duilii; so, maria alta, Liv. Andron. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5, 10; id. ib. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.: aequor, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 23 Müll.: parietes, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44:

sub ramis arboris altae,

Lucr. 2, 30:

acervus,

id. 3, 198 al.:

columellam tribus cubitis ne altiorem,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

altior illis Ipsa dea est colloque tenus supereminet omnes,

taller, Ov. M. 3, 181:

altis de montibus,

Verg. E. 1, 83:

umbras Altorum nemorum,

Ov. M. 1, 591 al. —With the acc. of measure:

clausi lateribus pedem altis,

a foot high, Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 39 Gerl.; cf. Lind. C. Gr. I. p. 215.—With gen.:

triglyphi alti unius et dimidiati moduli, lati in fronte unius moduli,

Vitr. 4, 3:

majorem turrim altam cubitorum CXX.,

id. 10, 5:

alta novem pedum,

Col. 8, 14, 1:

singula latera pedum lata tricenum, alta quinquagenum,

Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 4.—

Trop., high, lofty, elevated, great, magnanimous, high-minded, noble, august, etc.:

altissimus dignitatis gradus,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 14; so id. Clu. 55; id. Dom. 37.—Of mind or thought:

te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

homo sapiens et altā mente praeditus,

highminded, id. Mil. 8:

qui altiore animo sunt,

id. Fin. 5, 20, 57 al. —So of gods, or persons elevated in birth, rank, etc.;

also of things personified: rex aetheris altus Juppiter,

Verg. A. 12, 140:

Apollo,

id. ib. 10, 875:

Caesar,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 37:

Aeneas, i. e. deā natus,

id. S. 2, 5, 62:

Roma,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 33:

Carthago,

Prop. 2, 1, 23 al. —Of the voice, high, shrill, loud, clear:

Conclamate iterum altiore voce,

Cat. 42, 18:

haec fatus altā voce,

Sen. Troad. 196:

altissimus sonus,

Quint. 11, 3, 23 (cf.:

vox magna,

Ov. Tr. 4, 9, 24; Juv. 4, 32).— Subst.: altum, i, n., a height:

sic est hic ordo (senatorius) quasi propositus atque editus in altum,

on high, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 98:

aedificia in altum edita,

Tac. H. 3, 71:

quidquid in altum Fortuna tulit, ruitura levat,

Sen. Agam. 100.—Esp.

(Sc. caelum.) The height of heaven, high heaven, the heavens:

ex alto volavit avis,

Enn. Ann. 1, 108:

haec ait, et Maiā genitum demisit ab alto,

Verg. A. 1, 297.—Still more freq.,

(Sc. mare.) The high sea, the deep, the sea: rapit ex alto navīs velivolas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 224:

ubi sumus provecti in altum, capiunt praedones navem illam, ubi vectus fui,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 39; so id. Men. 1, 2, 2; id. Rud. prol. 66; 2, 3, 64:

terris jactatus et alto,

Verg. A. 1, 3:

in altum Vela dabant,

id. ib. 1, 34:

collectae ex alto nubes,

id. G. 1, 324:

urget ab alto Notus,

id. ib. 1, 443 al.:

alto mersā classe,

Sil. 6, 665:

ab illā parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32:

in alto jactari,

id. Inv. 2, 31, 95:

naves nisi in alto constitui non poterant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

naves in altum provectae,

id. ib. 4, 28: scapha in altum navigat, Sall. Fragm.—So in the plur.:

alta petens,

Verg. A. 7, 362.— Trop.:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6:

imbecillitas... in altum provehitur imprudens,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:

te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui in altum abstraxit,

id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—

Seen from above downwards, deep, profound.

Lit. (hence sometimes opp. summus): Acherusia templa alta Orci, salvete, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 81; Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 48:

quom ex alto puteo sursum ad summum escenderis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 14:

altissimae radices,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5:

altae stirpes,

id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

altissima flumina,

Caes. B. C. 3, 77:

altior aqua,

id. ib. 1, 25:

alta theatri Fundamenta,

Verg. A. 1, 427:

gurgite in alto,

in the deep whirlpool, id. E. 6, 76:

altum vulnus,

id. A. 10, 857; Petr. 136; Sen. Troad. 48:

altum totā metitur cuspide pectus,

Sil. 4, 292; so id. 6, 580 al.:

unde altior esset Casus,

Juv. 10, 106.—With the abl. of measure:

faciemus (scrobes) tribus pedibus altas,

Pall. Jan. 10, 3.—

Trop. (more freq. in and after the Aug. per.), deep, profound:

somno quibus est opus alto,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 8; so Liv. 7, 35:

sopor,

Verg. A. 8, 27:

quies,

id. ib. 6, 522:

silentium,

id. ib. 10, 63; Quint. 10, 3, 22:

altissima tranquillitas,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1:

altissima eruditio,

id. ib. 4, 30:

altiores artes,

Quint. 8, 3, 2.— Subst.: altum, i, n., the depth, i. e. what is deep or far removed:

ex alto dissimulare,

Ov. Am. 2, 4, 16:

non ex alto venire nequitiam, sed summo, quod aiunt, animo inhaerere,

Sen. Ira, 1, 16 med. al.—Hence, ex alto repetere, or petere, in discourse, to bring from far; as P. a., farfetched:

quae de nostris officiis scripserim, quoniam ex alto repetita sunt,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5:

quid causas petis ex alto?

Verg. A. 8, 395 (cf.:

alte repetere in the same sense,

Cic. Sest. 13; id. Rep. 4, 4, and v. al. infra).—

Poet., in reference to a distant (past) time: cur vetera tam ex alto appetissis discidia, Agamemno? Att. ap. Non. 237, 22 (altum: vetus, antiquum, Non.); cf. Verg. G. 4, 285.—With the access. idea of venerable (cf. antiquus), ancient, old:

genus alto a sanguine Teucri,

Verg. A. 6, 500:

Thebanā de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti,

id. ib. 9, 697;

genus Clauso referebat ab alto,

Ov. F. 4, 305:

altā gente satus,

Val. Fl. 3, 202:

altis inclitum titulis genus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 338.— Adv.: altē, and very rarely altum, high, deep (v. supra, altus, P. a. init.).

High, on high, high up, from on high, from above (v. altus, P. a., A.).

Lit.:

alte ex tuto prospectum aucupo,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 188 Rib.:

colomen alte geminis aptum cornibus,

id. ib. p. 221:

alte jubatos angues,

Naev. ib. p. 9:

jubar erigere alte,

Lucr. 4, 404:

roseā sol alte lampade lucens,

id. 5, 610:

in vineā ficos subradito alte, ne eas vitis scandat,

Cato, R. R. 50:

cruentum alte extollens pugionem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 28: non animadvertis cetarios escendere in malum alte, ut perspiciant pisces? Varr. ap. Non. 49, 15:

(aër) tollit se ac rectis ita faucibus eicit alte,

Lucr. 6, 689:

dextram Entellus alte extulit,

Verg. A. 5, 443:

alte suras vincire cothurno,

high up, id. ib. 1, 337:

puer alte cinctus,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 10, and Sen. Ep. 92:

unda alte subjectat arenam,

Verg. G. 3, 240:

Nihil tam alte natura constituit, quo virtus non possit eniti,

Curt. 7, 11, 10: alte maesti in terram cecidimus, from on high, Varr. ap. Non. 79, 16:

eo calcem cribro succretam indito alte digitos duo,

to the height of two fingers, Cato, R. R. 18, 7; so Col. R. R. 5, 6, 6.— Comp.:

quae sunt humiliora neque se tollere a terrā altius possunt,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

tollam altius tectum,

id. Har. Resp. 15, 33:

altius praecincti,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 5:

pullus in arvis altius ingreditur,

Verg. G. 3, 75:

caput altius effert,

id. ib. 3, 553:

altius atque cadant imbres,

id. E. 6, 38 ubi v. Forb.:

altius aliquid tenere,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5.— Sup.: [p. 96] cum altissime volāsset (aquila), Suet. Aug. 94.—

Trop.:

alte natus,

Albin. 1, 379 (cf.: altus Aeneas, supra, P. a., A. II.):

alte enim cadere non potest,

Cic. Or. 28, 98:

video te alte spectare,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82; id. Rep. 6, 23, 25.— Comp.:

altius se efferre,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25; 3, 3, 4:

altius irae surgunt ductori,

Verg. A. 10, 813:

altius aliquid agitare,

Cels. 1 prooem.:

attollitur vox altius,

Quint. 11, 3, 65:

verbis altius atque altius insurgentibus,

id. 8, 4, 27.— Sup.:

Ille dies virtutem Catonis altissime illuminavit,

Vell. 2, 35:

ingenium altissime adsurgit,

Plin. Ep. 8, 4.—

Deep, deeply (v. altus, P. a. B.).

Lit.:

ablaqueato ficus non alte,

Cato, R. R. 36:

ferrum haud alte in corpus descendere,

Liv. 1, 41:

alte vulnus adactum,

Verg. A. 10, 850; Ov. M. 6, 266; Curt. 4, 6, 18; Cels. 5, 26, 30:

timidum caput abdidit alte,

Verg. G. 3, 422:

alte consternunt terram frondes,

deeply strew, id. A. 4, 443:

ut petivit Suspirium alte!

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 58 (cf.:

ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo,

Verg. A. 1, 485):

inter cupam pertundito alte digitos primorīs tres,

Cato, R. R. 21, 2:

minimum alte pedem,

Col. de Arb. 30.— Comp.:

ne radices altius agant,

Col. 5, 6, 8:

terra altius effossa,

Quint. 10, 3, 2:

cum sulcus altius esset impressus,

Cic. Div. 2, 23, 50:

frigidus imber Altius ad vivum persedit, Verg G. 3, 441: tracti altius gemitus,

Sen. Ira, 3, 4, 2.— Sup.:

(latronibus gladium) altissime demergo,

App. M. 2, 32.—

Trop., deeply, profoundly, far, from afar:

privatus ut altum Dormiret,

Juv. 1, 16:

alte terminus haerens,

Lucr. 1, 77:

longo et alte petito prooemio respondere,

Cic. Clu. 21, 58:

ratio alte petita,

Quint. 11, 1, 62:

alte et a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18; id. Rep. 4, 4, 4; id. Sest. 13, 31.— Comp.:

qui altius perspiciebant,

had a deeper insight, Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

quae principia sint, repetendum altius videtur,

must be sought out more deeply, id. Off. 1, 16:

altius repetitae causae,

Quint. 11, 1, 62:

de quo si paulo altius ordiri ac repetere memoriam religionis videbor,

Cic. Verr. 4, 105:

Hisce tibi in rebus latest alteque videndum,

Lucr. 6, 647:

altius supprimere iram,

Curt. 6, 7, 35:

altius aliquem percellere,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

altius metuere,

id. ib. 4, 41:

altius animis maerere,

id. ib. 2, 82:

cum verbum aliquod altius transfertur,

Cic. Or. 25, 82:

Altius omnem Expediam primā repetens ab origine famam,

Verg. G. 4, 285;

so,

Tac. H. 4, 12:

altius aliquid persequi,

Plin. 2, 23, 31, § 35:

hinc altius cura serpit,

id. 4, 11, 13, § 87.— Sup.:

qui vir et quantus esset, altissime inspexi,

Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 5.

altus, ūs, m. [alo], a nourishing, support:

terrae altu,

Macr. S. 1, 20 fin.

sŭbĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3 (sūbĭgĭt, scanned with u long, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 47, 106), v. a. [sub-ago], to bring under, get under; bring or get up, or up to any place.

Lit. (mostly poet.):

sues antequam aestus incipiat, subigunt in umbrosum locum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 6:

qui adverso flumine lembum Remigiis subigit,

i. e. rows up stream, Verg. G. 1, 202:

naves ad castellum,

Liv. 26, 7:

classem ad moenia,

Sil. 15, 218:

saxum contra ardua montis,

id. 13, 610:

frondosum apicem ad sidera,

id. 17, 641 et saep.:

celsos sonipedes ocius subigit jugo,

brings under the yoke, Sen. Hippol. 1002.—In mal. part.:

ancillam,

i. e. to lie with, Aus. Epigr. 142; cf. Suet. Caes. 49.—

In gen., to turn up from beneath, to break up, dig up, plough, cultivate; to work, knead; to rub down, sharpen, whet; to tame, break (class.;

syn. domo): terram ferro,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45 fin.:

locum subigere oportet bene: ubi erit subactus, areas facito,

to turn over and over, turn up, Cato, R. R. 161, 1: segetes aratris, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 9:

agrum bipalio,

Col. 3, 5, 3:

glebas,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

vomere terram,

Ov. M. 11, 31:

arva,

Verg. G. 1, 125.— Poet.:

ratem conto,

to work, move, Verg. A. 6, 302:

pontum remis,

i. e. to plough, furrow, Val. Fl. 1, 471:

farinam in mortarium indito, aquae paulatim addito subigitoque pulchre: ubi bene subegeris, defingito,

knead it thoroughly, Cato, R. R. 74; so,

corium pilis,

id. ib. 18, 7: harenam argillae usque ad lentorem, id. ap. Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 111:

panem,

Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 105:

aliquid oleo,

id. 32, 10, 44, § 126:

digitis opus,

Ov. M. 6, 20:

subigunt in cote secures,

i. e. sharpen, Verg. A. 7, 627:

pressa manu (pecudum) terga,

to rub down, Col. 6, 30, 1:

(beluam) facilem ad subigendum frenat,

easy to be tamed, Cic. Rep. 2, 40, 67; cf.

vitulos,

Col. 6, 2, 1:

ubera,

Vulg. Ezech. 23, 3.—

Trop.

To put down, overcome, conquer, subjugate, subject, subdue, etc. (freq. in prose and poetry):

plerique omnes subiguntur sub suum judicium,

Naev. Bell. Pan. Fr. Inc. 7 (p. 18 Vahl.):

Persas, Paphlagonas... subegit solus,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 78: tertiam partem orbis terrarum, Cic. [p. 1777] Rosc. Am. 36, 103:

quos armis subegimus,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

Gallia devicta et subacta,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

urbes atque nationes,

Sall. C. 2, 2:

totam inter Alpes fretumque Italiam armis,

Flor. 1, 26, 9:

Africam,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 14; Just. 30, 3, 9:

poëtae consuetudine subigere aures populi debent,

Varr. L. L. 9, 11, 130:

nos in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 38:

vitulos,

to break in, Col. 6, 2:

bos subactus,

id. 6, 3.— Plur. subst.:

victi ac subacti,

Cic. Font. 16, 36.— Absol.: mors amici subigit, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22.—In mal. part. (cf. signif. I.): Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem, Poët. ap. Suet. Caes. 49.—

To bring, incite, impel; to force, compel, constrain to any thing; constr. with ut, ad, or in aliquid; rarely with inf.:

subegi, fenore argentum ab danistā ut sumeret,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 14:

tu me numquam subiges, redditum ut reddam tibi,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 8:

subigor, ut, etc.,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 6; cf.:

nec subigi queantur, ut, etc.,

id. Pers. 2, 2, 12:

ut ederet socios, subigi non potuit,

Tac. A. 2, 40:

egestate stipendii ad deditionem subigi,

id. H. 3, 8:

ad deditionem Volscos,

Liv. 6, 2:

hostes ad deditionem,

id. 9, 41; 9, 1:

urbes metu subactae in dicionem,

id. 28, 43:

hostes fame in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 18:

vis subegit verum fateri,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 9:

Tarquiniensem metu subegerat frumentum exercitui praebere,

Liv. 9, 41:

subegit socios ignotae linquere terrae,

Verg. A. 5, 794:

ambitio multos mortalis falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5:

injuria te subegit decernere, etc.,

id. ib. 51, 18; cf. Tac. A. 1, 39:

insidiis subactus,

Verg. A. 12, 494.—

(Acc. to I. B.) To cultivate, of the mind; to train, discipline (very rare):

subacto mihi ingenio opus est, ut agro non semel arato sed novato et iterato, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

subacti atque durati bellis,

Liv. 42, 52.

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.

Referring to a time previously specified.

To a definite past time.

To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:

is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,

Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:

quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:

cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:

erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,

Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;

44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,

Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;

39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,

Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—

Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:

insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,

Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;

ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:

jam duo restabant fata tum,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;

5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,

Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,

id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,

Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;

2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,

id. 8, 3, 9:

Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,

id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;

1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,

Vell. 1, 8, 3:

tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,

id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:

non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,

Curt. 3, 11, 5:

Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:

quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—

Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:

quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,

Cic. Clu. 20, 55:

cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,

id. ib. 27, 75:

Caere, opulento tum oppido,

Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:

praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 9.—

Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;

nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:

tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:

quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:

tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—

Opposed to another time specified:

itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:

sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,

Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;

21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,

Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—

In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;

ut tum accidit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:

foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,

Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—

Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:

quis tum non ingemuit?

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,

id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;

nunc agendum est subtilius,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:

itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,

i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:

M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,

Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:

sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,

Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:

Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,

Ov. M. 14, 474.—

With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,

Cic. Clu. 13, 39:

emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;

so repeated seven times,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—

Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):

atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,

Cic. Clu. 20, 56:

itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,

id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—

In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:

quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?

if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:

(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,

id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:

moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,

id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—

Referring to indefinite time.

Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—

With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:

qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:

deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),

Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;

4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—

With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;

fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:

ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,

Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;

tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,

id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;

tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—

Referring to future time.

To a definite time before mentioned:

ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,

i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:

jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:

tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—

With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:

quom videbis, tum scies,

id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;

Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:

confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,

Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—

Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.

Simple sequence in time.

Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;

otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,

Enn. Ann. 179:

dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);

tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;

5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,

Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;

3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,

Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—

In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:

tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,

Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:

tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,

Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:

tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,

Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—

Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:

at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,

Lucr. 5, 399:

madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;

7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—

Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.

Succession of time proper:

ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;

postremum, etc.,

Liv. 2, 39, 4:

primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,

id. 9, 6, 1:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;

23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,

Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—

So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;

not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:

tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:

tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,

id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—

Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:

qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—

Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.

Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;

rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:

magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;

duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,

Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):

quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:

faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—

Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.

With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;

tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—

Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):

tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:

tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:

mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,

id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:

dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,

Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:

plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;

so three times,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;

four times,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;

five times,

id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;

six times,

id. ib. 1, 53, 120;

seven times,

Quint. 9, 4, 133;

nine times,

Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):

Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,

at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—

Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):

ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:

tum... tum... aliquando,

id. Div. 2, 2, 6:

tum... tum... aut... aut,

id. Or. 61, 204:

modo... tum autem,

id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:

nunc... nunc... tum... tum,

Flor. 1, 17, 5.—

Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):

Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,

Vell. 2, 68, 3:

Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:

Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,

id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;

and with etiam,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—

As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.

Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):

quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:

cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,

id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—

Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):

nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—

Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:

visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:

movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,

Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —

With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:

quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:

luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:

concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,

Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:

quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —

Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,

By vero:

cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,

in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—

By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:

cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:

cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—

By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:

cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:

fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,

Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—

By inprimis, chiefly, principally:

cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—

By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—

By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:

at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—

By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:

cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,

Cic. Am. 7, 23. —

By etiam, besides, as well:

cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,

Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,

id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—

By quoque, also, besides, as well:

cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,

Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—

By et, also, besides, too:

cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,

Just. 19, 1, 7.—

By praeterea, moreover, besides:

dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.

Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).

With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.

Referring to definite past time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:

bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:

tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,

Liv. 45, 3, 7:

tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,

Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:

nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:

cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—

Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).

Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:

cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,

Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —

Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:

id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:

cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,

Liv. 5, 22, 3.—

Referring to definite present time:

quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—

Referring to indefinite time.

As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;

etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:

nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,

Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;

4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,

Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:

eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

As coincident:

quom amamus, tum perimus,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:

ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,

Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):

cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:

nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:

quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —

As subsequent:

ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:

eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—

Referring to future time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:

non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

quom videbis, tum scies,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:

de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—

With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

Cato, R. R. 33:

tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):

ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:

ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,

Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—

Referring to indefinite time:

post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:

ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,

Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—

Referring to future time:

otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:

ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,

Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—

With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,

Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—

Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).

Referring to definite past time:

posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):

postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,

Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—

Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—

With a temporal clause introduced by ut.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,

Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of definite past time:

nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:

sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—

Referring to future time:

neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),

Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With a temporal clause introduced by quando.

Tum as antecedent of the clause.

Of definite past time:

auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—

Of future time:

at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:

utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):

quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,

Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—

Of future time:

at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,

Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:

quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,

Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—

In the apodosis after simul ac:

an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?

Lucr. 6, 402.—

With a temporal clause introduced by dum.

Tum as antecedent:

sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,

Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

dum habeat, tum amet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:

dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,

Verg. A. 9, 540.—

As antecedent of quamdiu:

qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—

Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:

quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:

cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—

After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—

With conditional clauses.

With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).

Tum as antecedent of clause:

tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:

si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,

Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,

Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:

quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:

si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,

Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—

Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,

Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—

With a condition contrary to fact.

Tum, antecedent of clause:

tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,

Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,

id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:

quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —

After an abl. absol.

With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.

Referring to definite past time:

ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,

Cic. Mur. 16, 34:

sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,

Sall. C. 61, 1:

ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,

Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—

Referring to indefinite time:

hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—

Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):

ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—

With pres. participles (post-class.):

tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,

Just. 12, 15, 6.

Particular connections.

With other particles of time.

Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:

jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:

quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,

Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:

ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:

jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,

Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;

24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,

Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—

Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.

Tum demum.

In gen.:

adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,

Lucr. 3, 58:

tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:

nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,

Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—

In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:

imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:

tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,

Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—

Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—

Tum denique.

In gen.:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—

Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):

tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,

tum denique si,

id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,

Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—

Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:

tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,

Lucr. 5, 1014:

ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:

ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,

Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —

With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.

Deinde tum (very rare):

primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,

Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—

Tum deinde.

= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:

nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:

emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,

Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:

quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,

Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —

= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;

tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,

Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—

With hic:

hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:

hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,

id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:

hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,

id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—

Tum postea:

tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,

Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—

With interim:

unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,

Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—

With particles of emphasis.

Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.

In gen.:

discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,

Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 18, 51:

tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:

Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,

Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:

deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—

As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:

quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,

Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:

tum vero... si,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:

quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,

Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—

Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,

actum quidem,

id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:

et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,

Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;

7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,

Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:

Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,

Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—

Ne tum quidem, not even then:

num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:

ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:

ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—

Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).

Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:

quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—

Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):

regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,

Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:

per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,

id. 40, 32, 1; so,

tum cummaxime,

id. 43, 7, 8:

corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,

Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:

et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,

Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—

Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—

Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):

C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,

Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—

Etiam tum.

Even then:

etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:

totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,

even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

etiam tum cum verisimile erit,

id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—

Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—

And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,

not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—

Tum etiam.

Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:

atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:

qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—

Then also, then too, besides:

tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—

Tum quoque.

Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;

nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,

Lucr. 6, 162:

tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:

tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,

Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—

Even then, = etiam tum (rare):

et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,

Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—

In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:

quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,

Liv. 42, 62, 7. —

= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;

9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,

Just. 2, 9, 18.—

Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:

nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:

tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118:

ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—

Tum with co-ordinating particles.

Tum autem.

= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;

tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:

tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—

= tum... tum:

visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?

Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—

= eo tempore, with autem as connective:

tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:

tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—

But in this instance:

uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—

For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—

Tum praeterea:

nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—

Tum porro:

tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,

Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—

Quid tum?

In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:

quid tum postea?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—

In imitation of a dialogue:

at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—

As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—

Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:

tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,

Just. 31, 2, 6.

con-sterno, strāvi, strātum, 3, v. a.

To strew over, cover by strewing, bestrew, to thatch, floor, pave, spread, cover (class. in prose and poetry).

With abl.:

tabernacula caespitibus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

cubilia gallinarum paleis,

Col. 8, 5, 3:

stabula culmis,

id. 7, 3, 8:

aream silice,

id. 1, 6, 23:

specus molli fronde,

Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 127:

nidum mollibus plumis,

id. 10, 33, 49, § 92:

contabulationem summam lateribus lutoque,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

haec longuriis cratibusque,

id. B. G. 4, 17:

mare classibus,

Liv. 35, 49, 5; Curt. 9, 6, 7:

amnis constratus navigiis,

id. 9, 8, 5:

cubile purpureā veste,

Cat. 64, 163:

ossaeis aethera saxis,

Verg. Cir. 33:

omnia constrata telis, armis, cadaveribus,

Sall. J. 101, 11:

campos milite,

Sil. 1, 125:

forum corporibus civium caede nocturnā,

Cic. Sest. 39, 85:

late terram tergo,

Verg. A. 12, 543; cf.: terram gravi casu, * Lucr. 5, 1332; and:

terram gravi corpore,

Cic. Arat. 433:

paludem pontibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 14.—

Without abl.:

frumentum vias omnes constraveras,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 69:

terram frondes altae,

Verg. A. 4, 444:

triclinium,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 9 Müll.; cf.:

lectum,

App. M. 9, p. 218, 13:

ratem pontis in modum humo injecta,

Liv. 21, 28, 7.—Hence, constrata navis, covered, having a deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 104; Caes. B. C. 3, 27; Auct. B. Alex. 11; Liv. 35, 46, 3; cf.

vehicula,

Curt. 9, 10, 25.—Hence,

constrā-tum, i, n. subst.,

A covering:

pontium,

Liv. 30, 10, 14.—

A deck:

puppis,

Petr. 100, 3:

navis,

id. ib. § 6.—

To throw down, prostrate, level (very rare).

Lit.:

tempestas in Capitolio aliquot signa constravit,

Liv. 40, 45, 3; cf.:

culcitae humi constratae, Jul. Epit. Nov. c. 4, § 15: montes erigat, campos tendat, maria consternat,

levels, Lact. 3, 24, 8:

Ephesus et Nicomedia constratae terrae motu,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 16, 12.—

Trop.: constrata ira, moderated, subdued (the figure taken from animals conquered in combat), Stat. S. 2, 5, 1.

consterno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [strengthened collat. form of 1. consterno, acc. to II.].

To stretch upon the ground, to overcome:

pecorum in modum consternatos (Gallos) caedunt fugantque,

Liv. 38, 17, 7.—Far more freq., esp. after the Aug. per. (not in Cic., Hor., or Quint.),

To bring into confusion, to perplex; to terrify, alarm, affright, dismay, overwhelm with terror, etc.

In gen.:

sic sunt animo consternati ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 30 fin.;

without animo,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19; Liv. 6, 2, 11; 8, 9, 12; 21, 11, 13; Suet. Aug. 23, 90 al.:

vana Laetitia est, consternatique Timores,

Ov. M. 12, 60: in fugam, to put to flight by disquieting or alarming, Liv. 10, 43, 13; 38, 46, 5; cf.:

foedā fugā,

Tac. H. 3, 79 fin.:

Coriolanus prope ut amens consternatus ab sede suo,

Liv. 2, 40, 5.—

Transf., of animals, to make afraid, to frighten, startle; and pass.: consternari, to be frightened, to become shy:

consternantur equi,

Sall. H. 1, 96 Dietsch; Ov. M. 2, 314; id. F. 5, 310:

equos,

Liv. 37, 41, 10:

equo ex odore cadaveris consternato,

Suet. Ner. 48:

taurus securis ictu consternatus,

id. Galb. 18.—

In partic., to excite to sedition or revolt:

eam multitudinem conjuratorum ad arma consternatam esse,

Liv. 7, 42, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ad arma,

id. 21, 24, 2; 34, 3, 6 al.

conspergo (in MSS. also conspar-go; cf. 1. aspergo), si, sum, 3, v. a. [spargo].

To sprinkle, moisten, besprinkle, bespatter, strew (very freq. and class.).

Lit.

With acc. and abl.:

fores vino,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 80:

aras multo sanguine,

Lucr. 4, 1233:

terram tabo,

id. 3, 661:

me lacrimis,

Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

carnem sale,

Col. 12, 55, 3:

terram rore,

Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 38:

semen cinere,

id. 20, 1, 2, § 3:

tracta placentae farinae L. II. (i. e. libris duabus),

Cato, R. R. 76, 2 al. — Poet.:

herbas viridantes floribus,

Lucr. 2, 33:

caput Tauri stellis frequentibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

Without abl.:

consperge (humum) ante aedes,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

humum aestuantem,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 15:

vias propter pulverem,

Suet. Calig. 43 fin. —

Trop. of oratorical ornament, to besprinkle or strew, to cover (the image taken from flowers):

(oratio) conspersa sit quasi verborum sententiarumque floribus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 96:

quae quādam hilaritate conspersimus,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 8; * Quint. 8, 5, 28.—

To scatter, sprinkle:

vinum vetus,

Col. 12, 39, 3 dub.

flŭo, xi, xum, 3 (archaic form of the sup.: FLUCTUM, acc. to Prisc. p. 817 P.; cf.: fluo, fluctum, Not. Tir. From this form are derived fluctio and fluctus. In Lucr. 6, 800, the correct read. is laveris, not flueris, v. Lachm. ad h. l.), v. n. [Gr. phlu-, phlusai, anaphluô, etc.; Lat. fleo, fletus; flumen, fluctus, etc.; orig. one root with fla-, to blow, q. v. and cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 302], to flow (cf.: mano, labor, etc.).

Lit.: per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 177 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

ut flumina in contrarias partes fluxerint,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78:

flumen quod inter eum et Domitii castra fluebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 1; cf.

also: aurea tum dicat per terras flumina vulgo Fluxisse,

Lucr. 5, 911:

fluvius Eurotas, qui propter Lacedaemonem fluit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 96:

Helvetiorum inter fines et Allobrogum Rhodanus fluit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:

Arar in utram partem fluat,

id. ib. 1, 12, 1:

ea, quae natura fluerent atque manarent, ut aqua,

Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: fluens unda, water from a stream (opp.: putealis unda, spring-water), Col. 1, 5, 1:

in foveam,

Lucr. 2, 475; cf. id. 5, 271:

fluxit in terram Remi cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 19; cf. Luc. 6, 61:

imber,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 2:

sanguis,

id. M. 12, 312:

fluit de corpore sudor,

id. ib. 9, 173; cf.:

sudor fluit undique rivis,

Verg. A. 5, 200:

aes rivis,

id. ib. 8, 445:

nudo sub pede musta fluunt,

Ov. R. Am. 190:

madidis fluit unda capillis,

drips, id. M. 11, 656:

cerebrum molle fluit,

id. ib. 12, 435:

fluunt lacrimae more perennis aquae,

id. F. 2, 820:

fluens nausea,

Hor. Epod. 9, 35; cf.:

alvus fluens,

Cels. 2, 6:

fluit ignibus aurum,

becomes fluid, melts, Ov. M. 2, 251.—

Transf.

Of bodies, to flow, overflow, run down, drip with any fluid.— With abl.:

cum fluvius Atratus sanguine fluxit,

Cic. Div. 1, 43, 98; Ov. M. 8, 400:

cruore fluens,

id. ib. 7, 343:

sudore fluentia brachia,

id. ib. 9, 57; cf.:

fluunt sudore et lassitudine membra,

Liv. 38, 17, 7; 7, 33, 14; cf. id. 10, 28, 4:

pingui fluit unguine tellus,

Val. Fl. 6, 360:

vilisque rubenti Fluxit mulctra mero,

overflows, Sil. 7, 190. —Without abl.:

madidāque fluens in veste Menoetes,

Verg. A. 5, 179:

fluentes cerussataeque buccae,

dripping with paint, Cic. Pis. 11, 25 (cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266, 2. b. infra):

Graeculae vites acinorum exiguitate minus fluunt,

i. e. yield but little wine, Col. 3, 2, 24; 3, 2, 5; 12, 52, 1.—With acc. of kin. signif.:

Oenotria vina fluens,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 264.—

To move in the manner of fluids, to flow, stream, pour:

inde alium (aëra) supra fluere,

to flow, Lucr. 5, 514 and 522:

unde fluens volvat varius se fluctus odorum,

id. 4, 675 sq.; cf.:

principio omnibus a rebus, quascumque videmus, Perpetuo fluere ac mitti spargique necesse est Corpora, quae feriant oculos visumque lacessant: Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor a sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris,

id. 6, 922 sq.:

aestus e lapide,

id. 6, 1002:

venti,

id. 1, 280:

fluit undique victor Mulciber,

Sil. 17, 102:

comae per levia colla fluentes,

flowing, spreading, Prop. 2, 3, 13; cf.:

blanditiaeque fluant per mea colla rosae,

id. 4 (5), 6, 72:

vestis fluens,

flowing, loose, id. 3, 17 (4, 16), 32:

tunicisque fluentibus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 301:

nodoque sinus collecta fluentes,

Verg. A. 1, 320; cf.

also: balteus nec strangulet nec fluat,

Quint. 11, 3, 140:

nec mersa est pelago, nec fluit ulla ratis,

floats, is tossed about, Mart. 4, 66, 14:

ramos compesce fluentes,

floating around, spreading out, Verg. G. 2, 370:

ad terram fluit devexo pondere cervix,

droops, id. ib. 3, 524:

omnisque relictis Turba fluit castris,

pour forth, id. A. 12, 444:

olli fluunt ad regia tecta,

id. ib. 11, 236;

so of a multitude or crowd of men: densatis ordinibus effuse fluentem in se aciem excepere,

Curt. 6, 1, 6.—

Pregn., of bodies, to pass away, fall away, to fall off or out, to vanish:

excident gladii, fluent arma de manibus,

Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:

capilli fluunt,

Cels. 6, 1; Plin. 27, 4, 5, § 17:

sponte fluent (poma) matura suā,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 25:

quasi longinquo fluere omnia cernimus aevo,

Lucr. 2, 69; cf.:

cuncta fluunt omnisque vagans formatur imago,

Ov. M. 15, 178: dissolvuntur enim tum demum membra fluuntque, Lucr. 4, 919:

surae fluxere,

Luc. 9, 770:

buccae fluentes,

fallen in, lank, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266.

Trop.

In gen., to flow, spring, arise, come forth; to go, proceed:

ex ejus (Nestoris) lingua melle dulcior fluebat oratio,

Cic. de Sen. 10, 31:

carmen vena pauperiore fluit,

Ov. Pont. 4, 2, 20:

Calidii oratio ita libere fluebat, ut nusquam adhaeresceret,

Cic. Brut. 79, 274:

in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

also: grammatice pleno jam satis alveo fluit,

id. 2, 1, 4:

quae totis viribus fluit oratio,

id. 9, 4, 7:

oratio ferri debet ac fluere,

id. 9, 4, 112.— Transf., of the writer himself:

alter (Herodotus) sine ullis salebris quasi sedatus amnis fluit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf.:

(Lucilius) cum flueret lutulentus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 11; 1, 10, 50; 1, 7, 28:

facetiis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 12:

multa ab ea (luna) manant et fluunt, quibus animantes alantur augescantque,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:

haec omnia ex eodem fonte fluxerunt,

id. ib. 3, 19, 48:

dicendi facultatem ex intimis sapientiae fontibus fluere,

Quint. 12, 2, 6; 5, 10, 19; 5, 9, 14:

omnia ex natura rerum hominumque fluere,

id. 6, 2, 13:

nomen ex Graeco fluxisse,

id. 3, 4, 12:

ab isto capite fluere necesse est omnem rationem bonorum et malorum,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34; Quint. 1, 1, 12:

unde id quoque vitium fluit,

id. 11, 3, 109; 7, 3, 33:

Pythagorae doctrina cum longe lateque flueret,

spread itself, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:

multum fluxisse video de libris nostris variumque sermonem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

sic mihi tarda fluunt ingrataque tempora,

flow, pass, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 23:

in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

going, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90: rebus supra votum fluentibus, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 169 (Hist. 1, 101 Dietsch); Tac. H. 3, 48; Just. 23, 3; cf.:

rebus prospere fluentibus,

succeeding, prospering, Tac. Or. 5; id. A. 15, 5: illius rationes quorsum fluant, proceed, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.:

res fluit ad interregnum,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 11;

cuncta in Mithridatem fluxere,

Tac. A. 11, 9.—

In partic.

Of speech, etc., to flow uniformly, be monotonous:

efficiendum est ne fluat oratio, ne vagetur, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

quod species ipsa carminum docet, non impetu et instinctu nec ore uno fluens,

Tac. A. 14, 16; cf. Cic. Brut. 79.—Pregn., to dissolve, vanish, perish:

qua (voluptate) cum liquescimus fluimusque mollitia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

fluens mollitiis,

Vell. 1, 6, 2; 2, 88, 2:

cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi, nec diutius esse uno et eodem statu,

Cic. Or. 3, 10:

fluit voluptas corporis et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106:

fluentem procumbentemque rem publicam populi Romani restituere,

Vell. 2, 16 fin. —Hence,

fluens, entis, P. a.

Lax, relaxed, debauched, enervated, effeminate:

inde soluti ac fluentes non accipiunt e scholis mala ista, sed in scholas afferunt,

Quint. 1, 2, 8:

Campani fluentes luxu,

Liv. 7, 29, 5:

incessu ipso ultra muliebrem mollitiem fluentes,

Sen. Tranq. 15:

fluentibus membris, incessu femineo,

Aug. Civ. D. 7, 26.—

Of speech,

Flowing, fluent:

sed in his tracta quaedam et fluens expetitur, non haec contorta et acris oratio,

Cic. Or. 20, 66:

lenis et fluens contextus,

Quint. 9, 4, 127.—

Lax, unrestrained:

ne immoderata aut angusta aut dissoluta aut fluens sit oratio,

Cic. Or. 58, 198:

dissipata et inculta et fluens oratio,

id. ib. 65, 220;

and transf. of the speaker: in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes sumus,

Quint. 9, 4, 138.— Adv.: flŭenter, in a flowing, waving manner (very rare):

res quaeque fluenter fertur,

Lucr. 6, 935 (but not ib. 520, where the correct read. is cientur;

v. Lachm.): capillo fluenter undante,

App. M. 2, p. 122, 7. —

fluxus, a, um, P. a. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit., flowing, fluid:

elementa arida atque fluxa, App. de Mundo: sucus,

Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:

vas fluxum pertusumque,

i. e. leaking, Lucr. 6, 20.—

Transf., flowing, loose, slack:

ipsa crine fluxo thyrsum quatiens,

Tac. A. 11, 31:

habena,

Liv. 38, 29, 6:

amictus,

Luc. 2, 362; cf.:

ut cingeretur fluxiore cinctura,

Suet. Caes. 45 fin.:

fluxa arma,

hanging slack, loose, Tac. H. 2, 99.—

Pregn., frail, perishable, weak:

corpora,

Tac. H. 2, 32; cf.:

spadone eviratior fluxo,

Mart. 5, 41, 1:

(murorum) aevo fluxa,

Tac. H. 2, 22. —

Trop.

Lax, loose, dissolute, careless:

animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

Sall. C. 14, 5: cf.:

animi fluxioris esse,

Suet. Tib. 52:

duces noctu dieque fluxi,

Tac. H. 3, 76:

spectaculum non enerve nec fluxum,

Plin. Pan. 33, 1:

fluxa atque aperta securitas,

Gell. 4, 20, 8.—

Pregn., frail, weak, fleeting, transient, perishable:

res nostrae ut in secundis fluxae, ut in adversis bonae,

decayed, impaired, disordered, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 1: hujus belli fortuna, ut in secundis, fluxa;

ut in adversis, bona,

id. ad Brut. 1, 10, 2:

res humanae fluxae et mobiles,

Sall. J. 104, 2:

divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est,

id. C. 1, 4; cf.:

instabile et fluxum,

Tac. A. 13, 19:

fluxa auctoritas,

id. H. 1, 21:

cave fidem fluxam geras,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

fides,

Sall. J. 111, 2; Liv. 40, 50, 5; cf.:

fluxa et vana fides,

unreliable, unstable, id. 28, 6, 11; Tac. H. 2, 75; 4, 23:

studia inania et fluxa,

id. A. 3, 50 fin.:

fluxa senio mens,

id. ib. 6, 38.— Adv.: fluxē, remissly, negligently (post-class. and rare):

more vitae remissioris fluxius agens,

Amm. 18, 7.

verto ( vorto), ti, sum, 3 ( inf. vortier, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 48; Lucr. 1, 710; 2, 927; 5, 1199 al.), v. a. and n. [Sanscr. root vart-, to apply one's self, turn; cf. vart-ukas, round].

Act., to turn, to turn round or about (syn.: verso, contorqueo).

Lit.:

(luna) eam partem, quaecumque est ignibus aucta, Ad speciem vertit nobis,

Lucr. 5, 724:

speciem quo,

id. 4, 242:

ora huc et huc,

Hor. Epod. 4, 9:

terga,

Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 6:

gradu discedere verso,

id. M. 4, 338:

verso pede,

id. ib. 8, 869:

pennas,

i. e. to fly away, Prop. 2, 24, 22 (3, 19, 6):

cardinem,

Ov. M. 14, 782:

fores tacito cardine,

Tib. 1, 6, 12: cadum, to turn or tip up, Hor. C. 3, 29, 2:

versā pulvis inscribitur hastā,

inverted, Verg. A. 1, 478:

verte hac te, puere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 29; cf.:

verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus,

Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:

cum haesisset descendenti (virgini) stola, vertit se et recollegit,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9:

ante tuos quotiens verti me, perfida, postes,

Prop. 1, 16, 43:

Pompeiani se verterunt et loco cesserunt,

turned about, wheeled about, fled, Caes. B. C. 3, 51; cf.:

vertere terga,

to turn one's back, run away, betake one's self to flight, id. B. G. 1, 53; 3, 21; id. B. C. 1, 47; 3, 63 fin.; Liv. 1, 14, 9; cf.

also: hostem in fugam,

to put to flight, rout, id. 30, 33, 16;

Auct. B. Afr. 17: iter retro,

Liv. 28, 3, 1:

hiems (piscis) ad hoc mare,

Hor. Epod. 2, 52: fenestrae in viam versae, turned or directed towards, looking towards, Liv. 1, 41, 4; cf.:

mare ad occidentem versum,

id. 36, 15, 9:

Scytharum gens ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit,

Curt. 7, 7, 3:

(Maeander) nunc ad fontes, nunc in mare versus,

Ov. M. 8, 165: terram aratro, to turn up or over, to plough, etc., Hor. S. 1, 1, 28:

ferro terram,

Verg. G. 1, 147:

glaebas (aratra),

Ov. M. 1, 425; 5, 477:

solum bidentibus,

Col. 4, 5:

agros bove,

Prop. 3, 7, 43 (4, 6, 43):

collem,

Col. 3, 13, 8:

freta lacertis (in rowing),

Verg. A. 5, 141:

ex illā pecuniā magnam partem ad se vortit,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57.—Mid.: vertier ad lapidem, to turn or incline one's self towards, Lucr. 5, 1199:

congressi... ad caedem vertuntur,

Liv. 1, 7, 2; so,

versi in fugam hostes,

Tac. H. 2, 26; cf.:

Philippis versa acies retro,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 26:

sinit hic violentis omnia verti Turbinibus,

to whirl themselves about, Lucr. 5, 503:

magnus caeli si vortitur orbis,

id. 5, 510:

vertitur interea caelum,

revolves, Verg. A. 2, 250:

squamarum serie a caudā ad caput versā,

reaching, Plin. 28, 8, 30, § 119.—

Trop.

In gen., to turn:

ne ea, quae reipublicae causa egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8:

in suam rem litem vertendo,

Liv. 3, 72, 2:

usum ejus (olei) ad luxuriam vertere Graeci,

Plin. 15, 4, 5, § 19; cf.:

aliquid in rem vertere,

turn to account, make profitable, Dig. 15, 3, 1 sqq.:

edocere, quo sese vertant sortes,

Enn. Trag. v. 64 Vahl.; Verg. A. 1, 671:

ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā,

Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

idque omen in Macedonum metum verterunt Tyrii,

Curt. 4, 2, 13:

in religionem vertentes comitia biennic habita,

making a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 5, 14, 2:

aquarum insolita magnitudo in religionem versa,

id. 30, 38, 10; cf. id. 26, 11, 3:

id ipsum quod iter belli esset obstructum, in prodigium et omen imminentium cladium vertebatur,

Tac. H. 1, 86 fin.:

vertere in se Cotyi data,

to appropriate, id. A. 2, 64:

perii! quid agam? quo me vertam?

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 1:

quo se verteret, non habebat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74; id. Div. 2, 72, 149:

Philippus totus in Persea versus,

inclined towards him, Liv. 40, 5, 9:

toti in impetum atque iram versi,

id. 25, 16, 19:

si bellum omne eo vertat,

id. 26, 12, 13:

di vortant bene, Quod agas,

cause to turn out well, prosper, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 121; cf. infra, II. B.; so,

in melius somnia,

Tib. 3, 4, 95.—

In partic.

To turn, i. e. to change, aller, transform (syn. muto):

Juppiter In Amphitruonis vortit sese imaginem,

Plaut. Am. prol. 121:

in anginam ego nunc me velim vorti,

id. Most. 1. 3, 61:

omnes natura cibos in corpora viva Vertit,

Lucr. 2, 880: vertunt se fluvii frondes et pabula laeta In pecudes; vertunt pecudes [p. 1978] in corpora nostra Naturam, id. 2, 875 sq.; cf.:

cum terra in aquam se vertit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 31:

verte omnis tete in facies,

Verg. A. 12, 891:

ego, quae memet in omnia verti,

id. ib. 7, 309:

tot sese vertit in ora,

id. ib. 7, 328:

inque deum de bove versus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 616:

Auster in Africum se vertit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 26 fin.; cf. Liv. 30, 24, 7:

semina malorum in contrarias partes se vertere,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:

omnia versa et mutata in pejorem partem,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 103:

cur nunc tua quisquam Vertere jussa potest,

Verg. A. 10, 35:

hic continentiam et moderationem in superbiam ac lasciviam vertit,

Curt. 6, 6, 1; cf.:

fortuna hoc militiae probrum vertit in gloriam,

id. 9, 10, 28:

versus civitatis status,

Tac. A. 1, 4:

versis ad prospera fatis,

Ov. H. 16, 89: solum, to change one's country, i. e. to emigrate or go into exile, Cic. Balb. 11, 28; Amm. 15, 3, 11 et saep.; v. solum. —With abl. (rare and poet.):

nullā tamen alite verti Dignatur,

Ov. M. 10, 157; cf.

muto.—Prov.: in fumum et cinerem vertere,

to turn into smoke, dissipate, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 39.—Mid.:

omnia vertuntur: certe vertuntur amores,

Prop. 2, 8, 7 (9):

saevus apertam In rabiem coepit verti jocus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 149.—

To exchange, interchange: nos divitem istum meminimus adque iste pauperes nos;

vorterunt sese memoriae,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

vorsis gladiis depugnarier,

id. Cas. 2, 5, 36.—

Of literary productions, to turn into another language, to translate (syn.:

transfero, interpretor, reddo): Philemo scripsit, Plautus vortit barbare,

Plaut. Trin. prol. 19:

si sic verterem Platonem, ut verteruntnostri poëtae fabulas,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7:

verti etiam multa de Graecis,

id. Tusc. 2, 11, 26:

annales Acilianos ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem vertit,

Liv. 25, 39, 12.—

To ply:

stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo,

i. e. stimulates the fury, Verg. A. 6, 101.—

In partic., like our to turn upside down, i. e. to overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy (= everto):

Callicratidas cum multa fecisset egregie, vertit ad extremum omnia,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84:

agerent, verterent cuncta,

Tac. H. 1, 2; id. A. 2, 42; 3, 36:

Cycnum Vi multā,

Ov. M. 12, 139:

fluxas Phrygiae res fundo,

Verg. A. 10, 88; 1, 20; 2, 652:

vertere ab imo moenia Trojae,

id. ib. 5, 810:

Ilion fatalis incestusque judex... vertit in pulverem,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 20:

proceras fraxinos,

id. ib. 3, 25, 16:

ab imo regna,

Sen. Hippol. 562:

Penates,

id. Troad. 91:

puppem,

Luc. 3, 650:

fortunas,

Amm. 28, 3, 1.—

Mid., from the idea of turning round in a place, to be engaged in, to be in a place or condition; also to turn, rest, or depend upon a thing:

jam homo in mercaturā vortitur,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 109:

res in periculo vortitur,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 12; Phaedr. 2, 8, 19; so,

res vertitur in majore discrimine,

Liv. 6, 36, 7:

ipse catervis Vertitur in mediis,

Verg. A. 11, 683:

omnia in unius potestate ac moderatione vertentur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 20; so,

spes civitatis in dictatore,

Liv. 4, 31, 4:

totum id in voluntate Philippi,

id. 37, 7, 8:

causa in jure,

Cic. Brut. 39, 145:

hic victoria,

Verg. A. 10, 529:

cum circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur,

Liv. 36, 7, 1:

puncto saepe temporis maximarum rerum momenta verti,

id. 3, 27, 7.— Impers.:

vertebatur, utrum manerent in Achaico concilio Lacedaemonii, an, etc.,

Liv. 39, 48, 3.—

To ascribe, refer:

quae fuerunt populis magis exitio quam fames morbique, quaeque alia in deum iras velut ultima malorum vertunt,

Liv. 4, 9, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

cum omnium secundorum adversorumque in deos verterent,

id. 28, 11, 1.—

= considero; exercitum majorum more vortere, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 408 dub. (Sall. H. inc. 51 Dietsch ad loc.).

Neutr., to turn one's self, direct one's way, to turn about, to turn.

Lit.:

depulsi aemulatione alio vertunt,

Tac. A. 1, 18:

eoque audaciae provectum ut verteret, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 10:

utinam mea vocula dominae vertat in auriculas!

Prop. 1, 16, 28:

versuros extemplo in fugam omnes ratus,

Liv. 38, 26, 8 (but in Lucr. 5, 617 the correct read. is cancri se ut vortat).—

Trop., to turn, change, etc.:

jam verterat fortuna,

Liv. 5, 49, 5:

libertatem aliorum in suam vertisse servitutem conquerebantur,

id. 2, 3, 3:

totae solidam in glaciem vertere lacunae,

Verg. G. 3, 365: verterat pernicies in accusatorem, Tac. A. 11, 37:

quod si esset factum, detrimentum in bonum verteret,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73 fin.:

ea ludificatio veri in verum vertit,

Liv. 26, 6, 16: talia incepta, ni in consultorem vertissent, reipublicae pestem factura, against, Sall. H. inc. 89 Dietsch:

neque inmerito suum ipsorum exemplum in eos versurum,

Liv. 7, 38, 6:

si malus est, male res vortunt, quas agit,

turn out badly, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 5; so,

quae res tibi vertat male,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

quod bene vertat, castra Albanos Romanis castris jungere jubet (= cum bonis omnibus),

Liv. 1, 28, 1; 3, 62, 5; 3, 35, 8:

quod bene verteret,

Curt. 5, 4, 12; 7, 11, 14:

hos illi (quod nec vertat bene), mittimus haedos,

Verg. E. 9, 6.—

Annus, mensis vertens, the course or space of a year, of a month:

anno vertente sine controversiā (petisses),

Cic. Quint. 12, 40; so,

anno vertente,

id. N. D. 2, 20, 53; Nep. Ages. 4, 4; cf.:

apparuisse numen deorum intra finem anni vertentis,

Cic. Phil. 13, 10, 22:

tu si hanc emeris, Numquam hercle hunc mensem vortentem, credo, servibit tibi,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 76; Macr. S. 1, 14.—

Pregn.: annus vertens, the great year or cycle of the celestial bodies (a space of 15,000 solar years), Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24.—Hence, ver-sus ( vors-), or (much less freq.) ver-sum ( vors-), adv., turned in the direction of, towards a thing; usu. after the name of a place to which motion is directed (orig. a part., turned towards, facing, etc., and so always in Livy; cf. Liv. 1, 18, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; 1, 41, 4; 9, 2, 15).

Form versus (vors-).

After ad and acc.:

T. Labienum ad Oceanum versus... proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33: ad Alpes versus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2:

ad Cercinam insulam versus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 3: ad Cordubam versus, Auct. B. Hisp. 11: modo ad Urbem, modo in Galliam versus,

Sall. C. 56, 4. —

After in and acc.:

in agrum versus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 10:

in forum versus,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

in Arvernos versus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8: si in urbem versus venturi erunt, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78 (82), 3.—

After acc. alone (class. only with names of towns and small islands):

verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus,

Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:

Brundisium versus,

id. Fam. 11, 27, 3:

Ambraciam versus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 36:

Massiliam versus,

id. ib. 2, 3:

Narbonem versus,

id. B. G. 7, 7.—

After other advv.:

deorsum versus,

Cato, R. R. 156, 4:

sursum versus,

Cic. Or. 39, 135:

dimittit quoquo versus legationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

ut quaedam vocabula utroque versus dicantur,

Gell. 5, 12, 10; cf. the adverbs deorsum, sursum, etc.—

Form versum (vors-).

After ad and acc.:

animadvertit fugam ad se versum fieri,

Sall. J. 58, 4.—

After other advv.:

cunas rursum vorsum trahere,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 60 (63):

lumbis deorsum versum pressis,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 5:

vineam sursum vorsum semper ducito,

Cato, R. R. 33, 1:

cum undique versum circumfluat,

Gell. 12, 13, 20:

utroque vorsum rectum est ingenium meum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 8.

, but no ancient authority can be safely cited for this use. The true readings are:

in Italiam versus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 1:

adversus aedem,

Liv. 8, 20, 8:

in forum versus,

Plin. 10, 43, 60, § 121; and perh. in oppidum, Auct. B. Hisp. 21.

a-spĭcĭo ( adsp-, Jan; asp-, others except Halm, who uses both), spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. (aspexit = aspexerit, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25), to look to or upon a person or thing, to behold, look at, see.

Lit., constr. in the ante - class. per. sometimes with ad; but afterwards with the acc., with a finite clause, or absol.; in eccl. Lat., with in with acc., and super with acc.

With ad:

aspice ad me,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 38:

aspicient ad me,

Vulg. Zach. 12, 10:

aspicere ad terram,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 25:

ad caelum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 28:

Aspice nunc ad sinisteram,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 38 (Ritschl, spice):

ad Scrofam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. the epitaph of Pacuvius: Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogat, Ut se[se] aspicias, etc., ap. Gell. 1, 24 fin. —(b With acc.: Aspice hoc sublimen candens, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 65: templum Cereris, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 82: me, Pac. ap. Non. p. 470, 20: aspicite (me) religatum asperis Vinctumque saxis, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25:

me huc aspice,

id. Am. 2, 2, 118:

faciem alicujus,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 9.—In Plaut. twice with contra: aspiciam aliquem [p. 176] contra oculis, Cas. 5, 3, 2: Th. Aspicedum contra me. Tr. Aspexi. Th. Vides? Tr. Video, Most. 5, 1, 56; so,

non audebat aspicere contra Deum,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 6:

formam alicujus aspicere,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 25:

tergum alicujus,

Vulg. Exod. 33, 8:

aspicite ipsum: contuemini os, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 27:

me,

Vulg. Job, 7, 8:

sic obstupuerant, sic terram intuebantur, sic furtim non numquam inter se aspiciebant, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 13; so Vulg. Jer. 4, 23:

aspicis me iratus,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30 fin.:

hominis omnino aspiciendi potestatem eripere,

id. Lael. 23, 87:

ut nemo eorum forum aut publicum aspicere vellet,

Liv. 9, 7, 11:

aliquid rectis oculis,

Suet. Aug. 16:

Aspicit hanc torvis (oculis),

Ov. M. 6, 34:

aspiciunt oculis Superi mortalia justis,

id. ib. 13, 70:

aliquid oculis aequis,

Verg. A. 4, 372:

aspice vultus Ecce meos,

Ov. M. 2, 92 al.:

horrendae aspectu,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 26:

aspice nos hoc tantum,

look on us thus much only, Verg. A. 2, 690 Wagner: Aspice Felicem sibi non tibi, Romule, Sullam, poët. ap. Suet. Tib. 59.—In pass. (rare):

unde aliqua pars aspici potest,

Cic. Mil. 3:

pulvis procul et arma adspiciebantur,

Tac. H. 2, 68; id. G. 13:

super triginta milia armatorum aspiciebantur,

id. Agr. 29; 40; id. A. 3, 45; 11, 14:

Septentrionem ibi adnotatum primā tantum parte noctis adspici,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 185:

quasi eum aspici nefas esset,

Cic. Verr. 5, 67; 5, 187; id. Har. Resp. 8:

adspici humana exta nefas habetur,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 5.—

Absol.:

Vide amabo, si non, quom aspicias, os inpudens videtur,

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 22:

postquam aspexi, ilico Cognovi,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 43.—

With in with acc.:

in terram aspicere,

Vulg. Psa. 101, 20; ib. Isa. 5, 30:

in caelum,

ib. Matt. 14, 9.—

With super with acc.:

super castra aspicere,

Vulg. Judith, 9, 7 al. —

Transf.

a.. Of things in space, to look toward, lie toward:

tabulatum aspiciat meridiem,

Col. 8, 8, 2:

cryptoporticus non aspicere vineas, sed tangere videtur,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 29:

ea pars Britanniae, quae Hiberniam aspicit,

Tac. Agr. 24:

terra umidior quā Gallias, ventosior quā Noricum aspicit,

id. G. 5.—

Of persons:

nobilissimi totius Britanniae eoque in ipsis penetralibus siti nec servientium litora aspicientes,

Tac. Agr. 30.—

With the access. idea of purpose (cf.: adeo, aggredior, etc.), to look upon something in order to consider or examine it; and in gen. to consider, survey, inspect (freq. in Liv.):

hujus ut aspicerent opus admirabile,

Ov. M. 6, 14:

Boeotiam atque Euboeam aspicere jussi,

Liv. 42, 37:

in Boeotiā aspiciendae res,

id. 42, 67 fin.:

Ap. Claudium legatum ad eas res aspiciendas componendasque senatus misit,

id. 42, 5; 26, 51; 32, 5 al.—

Trop.

In gen.: sic in oratione Crassi divitias atque ornamenta ejus ingenii per quaedam involucra perspexi;

sed ea cum contemplari cuperem, vix aspiciendi potestas fuit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:

sic evolavit oratio, ut ejus vim atque incitationem aspexerim, vestigia ingressumque vix viderim,

observed, noticed, id. ib. 1, 35, 161:

in auctorem fidei,

Vulg. Heb. 12, 2:

in remunerationem,

ib. ib. 11, 26.—So esp., to examine, reflect upon, to consider, weigh, ponder (most freq. in the imperat.: aspice, see, ponder, consider, etc.).

With acc.:

Postea [tu] aspicito meum, quando ego tuum inspectavero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 50:

neque tanta (est) in rebus obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat, si modo (eas) aspexerit,

attends to them, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124: aspice, ait, Perseu, nostrae primordia gentis, Ov M. 5, 190.—

With a finite clause.

In the subj.:

qui semel aspexit, quantum dimissa petitis Praestent, etc.,

has weighed, considered, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 96:

aspiciebant, quomodo turba jactaret aes etc.,

Vulg. Marc. 12, 41:

aspiciebant, ubi (Jesus) poneretur,

ib. ib. 15, 47:

Quin tu illam aspice, ut placide adcubat,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 168:

quin aspice, quantum Aggrediare nefas,

Ov. M. 7, 70:

Aspice, venturo laetentur ut omnia saeclo!

Verg. E. 4, 52:

Aspice, Plautus Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi, ut patris attenti... Quantus sit dossennus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 170 sqq.:

Aspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum,

Verg. A. 10, 481:

aspice, si quid loquamur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4 sq.:

Aspice, qui coeant populi,

Verg. A. 8, 385:

Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam aspice,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 76: aspice, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circumspectemus etc., id. ib. 2, 2, 92.—

In the indic. (rare):

Aspice, ut antrum Silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis,

Verg. E. 5, 6:

Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis Ingreditur,

id. A. 6, 855:

quantas ostentant, aspice, vires,

id. ib. 6, 771:

Aspice, quem gloria extulerat,

id. Cat. 12, 1:

aspicite, quae fecit nobiscum,

Vulg. Tob. 13, 6.—Also, to take into consideration, to have in view:

si genus aspicitur, Saturnum prima parentem Feci,

Ov. F. 6, 29.—

Esp.

To look upon with respect, admiration:

erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed eum magis milites quam qui praeerant, aspiciebant,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—

Aliquem, to look one boldly in the face, to meet his glance:

Lacedaemonii, quos nemo Boeotiorum ausus fuit aspicere in acie,

Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf. supra, I., the passage from Suet. Aug. 16). —

Lumen aspicere, to see the light for to live:

odi celebritatem, fugio homines, lucem aspicere vix possum,

Cic. Att. 3, 7; id. Brut. 3, 12; cf. the foll. number fin. —

Ad inchoative (as in addubito, addormio, aduro, etc.), to get a sight of, to see, perceive, descry:

perii, si me aspexerit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

forte unam aspicio adulescentulam,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 91; id. Ad. 3, 3, 19:

respexit et equum alacrem laetus aspexit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; so id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

tum vero Phaëthon cunctis e partibus orbem Aspicit accensum,

Ov. M. 2, 228; 7, 651:

aspicit hanc visamque vocat,

id. ib. 2, 443; 2, 714; 3, 69; 3, 356; 3, 486; 7, 384;

7, 791 et saep.: Quem simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 90.—Hence trop.: lumen aspicere, to see the light for to be born:

ut propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspexerit, eos indignissime luce privārit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22 fin.; cf. supra, II. B. 3.

a-spĭcĭo ( adsp-, Jan; asp-, others except Halm, who uses both), spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. (aspexit = aspexerit, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25), to look to or upon a person or thing, to behold, look at, see.

Lit., constr. in the ante - class. per. sometimes with ad; but afterwards with the acc., with a finite clause, or absol.; in eccl. Lat., with in with acc., and super with acc.

With ad:

aspice ad me,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 38:

aspicient ad me,

Vulg. Zach. 12, 10:

aspicere ad terram,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 25:

ad caelum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 28:

Aspice nunc ad sinisteram,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 38 (Ritschl, spice):

ad Scrofam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. the epitaph of Pacuvius: Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogat, Ut se[se] aspicias, etc., ap. Gell. 1, 24 fin. —(b With acc.: Aspice hoc sublimen candens, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 65: templum Cereris, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 82: me, Pac. ap. Non. p. 470, 20: aspicite (me) religatum asperis Vinctumque saxis, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25:

me huc aspice,

id. Am. 2, 2, 118:

faciem alicujus,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 9.—In Plaut. twice with contra: aspiciam aliquem [p. 176] contra oculis, Cas. 5, 3, 2: Th. Aspicedum contra me. Tr. Aspexi. Th. Vides? Tr. Video, Most. 5, 1, 56; so,

non audebat aspicere contra Deum,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 6:

formam alicujus aspicere,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 25:

tergum alicujus,

Vulg. Exod. 33, 8:

aspicite ipsum: contuemini os, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 27:

me,

Vulg. Job, 7, 8:

sic obstupuerant, sic terram intuebantur, sic furtim non numquam inter se aspiciebant, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 13; so Vulg. Jer. 4, 23:

aspicis me iratus,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30 fin.:

hominis omnino aspiciendi potestatem eripere,

id. Lael. 23, 87:

ut nemo eorum forum aut publicum aspicere vellet,

Liv. 9, 7, 11:

aliquid rectis oculis,

Suet. Aug. 16:

Aspicit hanc torvis (oculis),

Ov. M. 6, 34:

aspiciunt oculis Superi mortalia justis,

id. ib. 13, 70:

aliquid oculis aequis,

Verg. A. 4, 372:

aspice vultus Ecce meos,

Ov. M. 2, 92 al.:

horrendae aspectu,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 26:

aspice nos hoc tantum,

look on us thus much only, Verg. A. 2, 690 Wagner: Aspice Felicem sibi non tibi, Romule, Sullam, poët. ap. Suet. Tib. 59.—In pass. (rare):

unde aliqua pars aspici potest,

Cic. Mil. 3:

pulvis procul et arma adspiciebantur,

Tac. H. 2, 68; id. G. 13:

super triginta milia armatorum aspiciebantur,

id. Agr. 29; 40; id. A. 3, 45; 11, 14:

Septentrionem ibi adnotatum primā tantum parte noctis adspici,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 185:

quasi eum aspici nefas esset,

Cic. Verr. 5, 67; 5, 187; id. Har. Resp. 8:

adspici humana exta nefas habetur,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 5.—

Absol.:

Vide amabo, si non, quom aspicias, os inpudens videtur,

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 22:

postquam aspexi, ilico Cognovi,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 43.—

With in with acc.:

in terram aspicere,

Vulg. Psa. 101, 20; ib. Isa. 5, 30:

in caelum,

ib. Matt. 14, 9.—

With super with acc.:

super castra aspicere,

Vulg. Judith, 9, 7 al. —

Transf.

a.. Of things in space, to look toward, lie toward:

tabulatum aspiciat meridiem,

Col. 8, 8, 2:

cryptoporticus non aspicere vineas, sed tangere videtur,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 29:

ea pars Britanniae, quae Hiberniam aspicit,

Tac. Agr. 24:

terra umidior quā Gallias, ventosior quā Noricum aspicit,

id. G. 5.—

Of persons:

nobilissimi totius Britanniae eoque in ipsis penetralibus siti nec servientium litora aspicientes,

Tac. Agr. 30.—

With the access. idea of purpose (cf.: adeo, aggredior, etc.), to look upon something in order to consider or examine it; and in gen. to consider, survey, inspect (freq. in Liv.):

hujus ut aspicerent opus admirabile,

Ov. M. 6, 14:

Boeotiam atque Euboeam aspicere jussi,

Liv. 42, 37:

in Boeotiā aspiciendae res,

id. 42, 67 fin.:

Ap. Claudium legatum ad eas res aspiciendas componendasque senatus misit,

id. 42, 5; 26, 51; 32, 5 al.—

Trop.

In gen.: sic in oratione Crassi divitias atque ornamenta ejus ingenii per quaedam involucra perspexi;

sed ea cum contemplari cuperem, vix aspiciendi potestas fuit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:

sic evolavit oratio, ut ejus vim atque incitationem aspexerim, vestigia ingressumque vix viderim,

observed, noticed, id. ib. 1, 35, 161:

in auctorem fidei,

Vulg. Heb. 12, 2:

in remunerationem,

ib. ib. 11, 26.—So esp., to examine, reflect upon, to consider, weigh, ponder (most freq. in the imperat.: aspice, see, ponder, consider, etc.).

With acc.:

Postea [tu] aspicito meum, quando ego tuum inspectavero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 50:

neque tanta (est) in rebus obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat, si modo (eas) aspexerit,

attends to them, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124: aspice, ait, Perseu, nostrae primordia gentis, Ov M. 5, 190.—

With a finite clause.

In the subj.:

qui semel aspexit, quantum dimissa petitis Praestent, etc.,

has weighed, considered, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 96:

aspiciebant, quomodo turba jactaret aes etc.,

Vulg. Marc. 12, 41:

aspiciebant, ubi (Jesus) poneretur,

ib. ib. 15, 47:

Quin tu illam aspice, ut placide adcubat,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 168:

quin aspice, quantum Aggrediare nefas,

Ov. M. 7, 70:

Aspice, venturo laetentur ut omnia saeclo!

Verg. E. 4, 52:

Aspice, Plautus Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi, ut patris attenti... Quantus sit dossennus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 170 sqq.:

Aspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum,

Verg. A. 10, 481:

aspice, si quid loquamur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4 sq.:

Aspice, qui coeant populi,

Verg. A. 8, 385:

Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam aspice,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 76: aspice, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circumspectemus etc., id. ib. 2, 2, 92.—

In the indic. (rare):

Aspice, ut antrum Silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis,

Verg. E. 5, 6:

Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis Ingreditur,

id. A. 6, 855:

quantas ostentant, aspice, vires,

id. ib. 6, 771:

Aspice, quem gloria extulerat,

id. Cat. 12, 1:

aspicite, quae fecit nobiscum,

Vulg. Tob. 13, 6.—Also, to take into consideration, to have in view:

si genus aspicitur, Saturnum prima parentem Feci,

Ov. F. 6, 29.—

Esp.

To look upon with respect, admiration:

erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed eum magis milites quam qui praeerant, aspiciebant,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—

Aliquem, to look one boldly in the face, to meet his glance:

Lacedaemonii, quos nemo Boeotiorum ausus fuit aspicere in acie,

Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf. supra, I., the passage from Suet. Aug. 16). —

Lumen aspicere, to see the light for to live:

odi celebritatem, fugio homines, lucem aspicere vix possum,

Cic. Att. 3, 7; id. Brut. 3, 12; cf. the foll. number fin. —

Ad inchoative (as in addubito, addormio, aduro, etc.), to get a sight of, to see, perceive, descry:

perii, si me aspexerit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

forte unam aspicio adulescentulam,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 91; id. Ad. 3, 3, 19:

respexit et equum alacrem laetus aspexit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; so id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

tum vero Phaëthon cunctis e partibus orbem Aspicit accensum,

Ov. M. 2, 228; 7, 651:

aspicit hanc visamque vocat,

id. ib. 2, 443; 2, 714; 3, 69; 3, 356; 3, 486; 7, 384;

7, 791 et saep.: Quem simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 90.—Hence trop.: lumen aspicere, to see the light for to be born:

ut propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspexerit, eos indignissime luce privārit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22 fin.; cf. supra, II. B. 3.

cŏlo, colŭi, cultum, 3, v. a. [from the stem KOL, whence boukolos, boukoleô; cf.: colonus, in-cola, agri-cola] (orig. pertaining to agriculture), to cultivate, till, tend, take care of a field, garden, etc. (freq. in all per. and species of composition).

Prop.

With acc.:

fundum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 2:

agrum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 14; Cato, R. R. 61; Col. 1 pr.:

agri non omnes frugiferi sunt qui coluntur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; id. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

arva et vineta et oleas et arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

praedia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

rus,

Col. 1, 1:

rura,

Cat. 64, 38; Tib. 1, 5, 21; Verg. G. 2, 413:

hortos,

Ov. M. 14, 624 al.:

jugera,

Col. 1 pr.:

patrios fines,

id. ib.:

solum,

id. 2, 2, 8:

terram,

id. 2, 2, 4:

arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

vitem,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38:

arbores,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 22:

arva,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24; Ov. Am. 1, 13, 15:

fructus,

Verg. G. 2, 36:

fruges,

Ov. M. 15, 134:

poma,

id. ib. 14, 687; cf. under P. a.—