success

fructus, a, um, Part., from fruor.

fructus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. fructuis, Varr. ap. Non. 492, 14; id. R. R. 1, 2, 19; cf. Gell. 4, 16:

fructi,

Cato, R. R. 4; Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 16; Turp. ap. Non. 491, 7), m. [fruor], an enjoying, enjoyment.

In abstracto.

Lit. (perh. only ante- and post-class.): Ol. Mea est haec. St. Scio; sed meus fructus est prior, i. e. use and enjoyment, for ususfructus (q. v. under usus), Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 16; Dig. 7, 8, 14.—

Trop. (class. but rare):

hoc tam singulare vestrum beneficium ad animi mei fructum atque laetitiam duco esse permagnum,

for my mental enjoyment, Cic. Agr. 2, 2, 5: qui propter odium fructum oculis (dat.) ex ejus casu capere vellent, to feast their eyes on, Nep. Eum. 11 (cf.:

spectatumne huc, ut rem fruendam oculis, sociorum caedes venimus?

Liv. 22, 14, 4).—Far more freq.,

Transf., concr., the enjoyment that proceeds from a thing, proceeds, produce, product, fruit, profit, income (very freq. and class.; in sing. and plur.; cf.: fruges, fetus, frumentum).

Lit.: quod earum rerum videa tur ei levis fructus, exiguus usus, incertus dominatus, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 17; cf.:

pecudes partim esse ad usum hominum, partim ad fructum, partim ad vescendum procreatas,

id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 4; cf.

also ususfructus, under usus: frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 12:

fructum ex aliqua re percipere or capere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 14:

quoniam fructum arbitror esse fundi eum, qui ex eo satus nascitur utilis ad aliquam rem, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 1:

ruri si recte habitaveris, fructi plus capies,

Cato, R. R. 4, 2; cf.:

in quos sumptus abeunt fructus praediorum?

Cic. Att. 11, 2, 2:

praediorum,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

arbusta vineaeque et consita omnia magis amoenis quam necessariis fructibus,

fruits, Liv. 22, 15, 2:

(vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13:

gallinarum fructus erant ova et pulli,

id. ib. 3, 3, 6:

quae (oves) neque ali neque ullum fructum edere ex se sine cultu hominum possent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

non serendis, non percipiendis, non condendis fructibus,

id. de Sen. 7, 24; cf.:

ver ostendit futuros fructus: reliqua tempora demetendis fructibus et percipiendis accommodata sunt,

id. ib. 19, 70:

comportare et condere fructus,

id. Agr. 2, 32 fin.:

apibus fructum restituo suum,

Phaedr. 3, 13, 15:

in fructibus arborum,

Quint. 8, 5, 26:

fructum ferre,

id. 8, 3, 10:

graves fructu vites,

id. 8, 3, 8: Heracleotae et Bragyletae, qui item debent, aut pecuniam solvant aut fructibus suis satisfaciant, satisfy him with their proceeds, Cic Fam. 13, 56, 2:

Asia multos annos vobis fructum Mithridatico bello non tulit,

id. Agr. 2, 30, 83; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 81:

M. Crassus negabat ullam satis magnam pecuniam esse ei... cujus fructibus exercitum alere non posset,

i. e. revenue, income, id. Off. 1, 8, 25:

aurum ex fructu metallorum coacervatum,

Liv. 45, 40, 2:

in tantas brevi creverant opes, seu maritimis seu terrestribus fructibus,

id. 21, 7, 3; cf.:

fuerat ei magno fructui mare,

id. 34, 36, 3:

qua re saepe totius anni fructus uno rumore periculi amittitur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 15:

an partus ancillae in fructu sit habendus,

id. Fin. 1, 4, 12:

putatisne vos illis rebus frui posse nisi eos, qui vobis fructui (al. fructuosi) sunt, conservaveritis,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16.—

Trop., fruit, consequence, effect, result, return, reward, success:

ego fructus ex re publica non laetos et uberes, sed magna acerbitate permixtos tuli,

Cic. Planc. 38, 92; cf.:

fructum pietatis suae ex aliquo ferre,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

ex otio fructus capere,

id. Rep. 1, 4; cf.:

ex accusatione Aquilii diligentiae fructum ceperat,

id. Brut. 62, 222:

alicujus amoris et judicii,

id. Pis. 14, 31:

honeste acta superior aetas fructus auctoritatis capit ipsa extremos,

id. de Sen. 18, 62:

modestiae fructum aliquem percipere,

id. Sull. 1, 1:

gloria est fructus verae virtutis honestissimus,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

laboris,

Quint. 6 praef. §

2: studiorum,

id. 8 praef. § 26; 10, 3, 2; 10, 7, 1; cf.

also: ex re decerpere fructus (with plus mali haurire),

Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:

divitiarum fructus in copia est,

the enjoyment derived from riches, Cic. Par. 6, 2, 47:

vestrum beneficium, ad animi mei fructum atque laetitiam permagnum,

id. Agr. 2, 5:

Theophrastus talium sumptuum facultatem fructum divitiarum putat. Mihi autem ille fructus liberalitatis, multo et major videtur et certior,

id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

pecuniae fructus maximus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 64:

animi fructus, qui in te videndo est,

id. Fam. 15, 14, 3:

vitae fructus,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 28; id. Mur. 23, 47; cf.:

omnem fructum vitae superioris perdidissent,

id. Div. 2, 9, 24:

quin spe posteritatis fructuque ducatur,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 29:

voluptatum,

id. Lael. 23, 87:

jucunditatis,

id. Mur. 19, 40:

graviore sono tibi Musa loquetur Nostra, dabunt cum maturos mihi tempora fructus,

Verg. Cul. 9.

frux, frūgis, and more freq. in plur. frūges, um (also in nom. sing. frugis:

frugi rectus est natura frux, at secundum consuetudinem dicimus, ut haec avis, haec ovis, sic haec frugis,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 76 dub.), f. [from the root FRUG; v. fruor], fruits of the earth (that may be enjoyed), produce of the fields, pulse, legumes (whereas fructus denotes chiefly tree-fruit, and frumentum halm-fruit, grain), sometimes also, in gen., for fruits (grain, tree-fruit, etc.).

Lit.

Plur.:

terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

fruges terrae,

id. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. de Sen. 2, 5; cf.:

nos fruges serimus, nos arbores,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

ubertas frugum et fructuum,

id. ib. 3, 36, 86:

frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio,

id. Off. 2, 3, 12:

oleam frugesve ferre,

id. Rep. 3, 9:

neque foliis, neque oleo neque frumento neque frugibus usurum,

Dig. 7, 8, 12; cf. ib. 50, 16, 77: arbores frondescere... segetes largiri fruges, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 195 Vahl.): ut cum fruges [p. 787] Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. Lucr. 2, 656:

inventis frugibus,

Cic. Or. 9, 31:

fruges in ea terra (Sicilia) primum repertas esse arbitrantur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:

cultus agrorum perceptioque frugum,

id. Rep. 2, 14: lentiscus triplici solita grandescere fetu, Ter fruges fundens, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 15: arboreae, Cornif. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 55:

roburneae,

Col. 9, 1, 5:

(Gallorum gens) dulcedine frugum maximeque vini capta,

Liv. 5, 33, 2 al. — Poet.:

salsae fruges = mola salsa,

the sacrificial roasted barley-meal mixed with salt, Verg. A. 2, 133; 12, 173:

medicatae,

magic herbs, id. ib. 6, 420.—

Sing.: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.; cf. ib. v. 318):

spicea frux, Aus. Monos. de Cibis, 4: (mensae) exstructae dapibus nec tostae frugis egentes,

Ov. M. 11, 121:

ut non omnem frugem neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

fundit frugem spici ordine structam,

id. de Sen. 15, 51:

quercus et ilex multa fruge pecus juvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 10:

sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum Copia,

id. ib. 1, 18, 109.

Trop.

In gen., like fructus, result, success, value (rare but class.):

quae virtutis maturitas et quantae fruges industriae sint futurae,

Cic. Cael. 31, 76:

illae sunt animi fruges,

Auct. Aetn. 273:

generare atque ad frugem aliquam perducere,

to some maturity, Quint. 6, 2, 3; cf.:

illud ingeniorum velut praecox genus non temere umquam pervenit ad frugem,

id. 1, 3, 3:

jam ego et ipsa frugem tuam periclitabor,

maturity of mind, ability, App. M. 6, p. 177, 13:

hominem nihili, neque rei neque frugis bonae,

Gell. 6, 11, 2; cf. B. 1. b infra. — Poet.: centuriae seniorum agitant expertia frugis, rail at what is crude, worthless (= poëmata nimis jocosa), Hor. A. P. 341: cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures Fruge Cleanthea, with Cleanthian fruit, i. e. doctrine, Pers. 5, 64:

herus si tuus volet facere frugem, meum herum perdet,

i. e. to act with advantage, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 70.—

In partic., of moral character.

frugi (a dat. form, fit for food; frugi aptus, serviceable, chrêsimos, chrêstos; hence, transf.), as adj. indecl., useful, fit, proper, worthy, honest, discreet, virtuous, temperate, frugal (class.; for comp. and sup. the words frugalior and frugalissimus were used;

v. frugalis): frugi hominem dici non multum habet laudis in rege,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 26; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.:

qui (L. Piso) tanta virtute atque integritate fuit, ut... solus Frugi nominaretur. Quem cum in contionem Gracchus vocari juberet et viator quaereret, quem Pisonem, quod erant plures: Cogis me, inquit, dicere inimicum meum frugi,

id. Font. 13, 29; cf.:

loquitur ut Frugi ille Piso,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

homines plane frugi ac sobrii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67:

ego praeter alios meum virum fui rata Siccum, frugi, continentem (opp. madidum, nihili, incontinentem),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 7:

hominis frugi et temperantis functus officium,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 19:

parcius hic vivit: frugi dicatur,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 49:

Antonius frugi factus est,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

(Penelope) tam frugi tamque pudica,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 77:

sum bonus et frugi,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 49:

quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat,

id. A. P. 207:

servus frugi atque integer,

Cic. Clu. 16, 47:

Davus, amicum mancipium domino et frugi,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 3:

liberti probi et frugi,

Plin. Pan. 88, 2:

quae (lena) frugi esse vult,

useful, serviceable, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 23; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 59.—

Strengthened by the attributive bonae:

is probus est, quem paenitet, quam probus sit et frugi bonae: Qui ipsus sibi satis placet, nec probus est nec frugi bonae,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 39 and 40; id. As. 3, 3, 12; id. Poen. 4, 2, 23:

(Fabius Luscus) satis acutus et permodestus ac bonae frugi,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, 3.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things: frugi severaque vita, honest, virtuous, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

victus luxuriosus, an frugi, an sordidus, quaeritur,

frugal, temperate, Quint. 5, 10, 27; cf.:

atrium frugi nec tamen sordidum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4:

cena,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4; Juv. 3, 167:

jentacula,

Mart. 13, 31, 1.—

Frux = homo frugi, worthy, honest: dictum factumque facit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 318 Vahl.). —

Ad frugem or ad bonam frugem, in vulg. lang. (to turn or bring one's self) to moral worth, excellence, virtue:

equidem multos vidi et in hac civitate, qui totam adolescentiam voluptatibus dedissent, emersisse aliquando et se ad frugem bonam, ut dicitur, recepisse gravesque homines atque illustres fuisse,

have reformed, Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

multa ad bonam frugem ducentia in eo libro scripta sunt,

Gell. 13, 27, 2:

quin tu adolescentem, quem esse corruptum vides, restituis? quin ad frugem corrigis?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 81; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:

certum'st ad frugem applicare animum,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 34.

frux, frūgis, and more freq. in plur. frūges, um (also in nom. sing. frugis:

frugi rectus est natura frux, at secundum consuetudinem dicimus, ut haec avis, haec ovis, sic haec frugis,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 76 dub.), f. [from the root FRUG; v. fruor], fruits of the earth (that may be enjoyed), produce of the fields, pulse, legumes (whereas fructus denotes chiefly tree-fruit, and frumentum halm-fruit, grain), sometimes also, in gen., for fruits (grain, tree-fruit, etc.).

Lit.

Plur.:

terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

fruges terrae,

id. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. de Sen. 2, 5; cf.:

nos fruges serimus, nos arbores,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

ubertas frugum et fructuum,

id. ib. 3, 36, 86:

frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio,

id. Off. 2, 3, 12:

oleam frugesve ferre,

id. Rep. 3, 9:

neque foliis, neque oleo neque frumento neque frugibus usurum,

Dig. 7, 8, 12; cf. ib. 50, 16, 77: arbores frondescere... segetes largiri fruges, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 195 Vahl.): ut cum fruges [p. 787] Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. Lucr. 2, 656:

inventis frugibus,

Cic. Or. 9, 31:

fruges in ea terra (Sicilia) primum repertas esse arbitrantur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:

cultus agrorum perceptioque frugum,

id. Rep. 2, 14: lentiscus triplici solita grandescere fetu, Ter fruges fundens, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 15: arboreae, Cornif. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 55:

roburneae,

Col. 9, 1, 5:

(Gallorum gens) dulcedine frugum maximeque vini capta,

Liv. 5, 33, 2 al. — Poet.:

salsae fruges = mola salsa,

the sacrificial roasted barley-meal mixed with salt, Verg. A. 2, 133; 12, 173:

medicatae,

magic herbs, id. ib. 6, 420.—

Sing.: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.; cf. ib. v. 318):

spicea frux, Aus. Monos. de Cibis, 4: (mensae) exstructae dapibus nec tostae frugis egentes,

Ov. M. 11, 121:

ut non omnem frugem neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

fundit frugem spici ordine structam,

id. de Sen. 15, 51:

quercus et ilex multa fruge pecus juvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 10:

sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum Copia,

id. ib. 1, 18, 109.

Trop.

In gen., like fructus, result, success, value (rare but class.):

quae virtutis maturitas et quantae fruges industriae sint futurae,

Cic. Cael. 31, 76:

illae sunt animi fruges,

Auct. Aetn. 273:

generare atque ad frugem aliquam perducere,

to some maturity, Quint. 6, 2, 3; cf.:

illud ingeniorum velut praecox genus non temere umquam pervenit ad frugem,

id. 1, 3, 3:

jam ego et ipsa frugem tuam periclitabor,

maturity of mind, ability, App. M. 6, p. 177, 13:

hominem nihili, neque rei neque frugis bonae,

Gell. 6, 11, 2; cf. B. 1. b infra. — Poet.: centuriae seniorum agitant expertia frugis, rail at what is crude, worthless (= poëmata nimis jocosa), Hor. A. P. 341: cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures Fruge Cleanthea, with Cleanthian fruit, i. e. doctrine, Pers. 5, 64:

herus si tuus volet facere frugem, meum herum perdet,

i. e. to act with advantage, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 70.—

In partic., of moral character.

frugi (a dat. form, fit for food; frugi aptus, serviceable, chrêsimos, chrêstos; hence, transf.), as adj. indecl., useful, fit, proper, worthy, honest, discreet, virtuous, temperate, frugal (class.; for comp. and sup. the words frugalior and frugalissimus were used;

v. frugalis): frugi hominem dici non multum habet laudis in rege,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 26; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.:

qui (L. Piso) tanta virtute atque integritate fuit, ut... solus Frugi nominaretur. Quem cum in contionem Gracchus vocari juberet et viator quaereret, quem Pisonem, quod erant plures: Cogis me, inquit, dicere inimicum meum frugi,

id. Font. 13, 29; cf.:

loquitur ut Frugi ille Piso,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

homines plane frugi ac sobrii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67:

ego praeter alios meum virum fui rata Siccum, frugi, continentem (opp. madidum, nihili, incontinentem),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 7:

hominis frugi et temperantis functus officium,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 19:

parcius hic vivit: frugi dicatur,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 49:

Antonius frugi factus est,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

(Penelope) tam frugi tamque pudica,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 77:

sum bonus et frugi,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 49:

quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat,

id. A. P. 207:

servus frugi atque integer,

Cic. Clu. 16, 47:

Davus, amicum mancipium domino et frugi,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 3:

liberti probi et frugi,

Plin. Pan. 88, 2:

quae (lena) frugi esse vult,

useful, serviceable, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 23; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 59.—

Strengthened by the attributive bonae:

is probus est, quem paenitet, quam probus sit et frugi bonae: Qui ipsus sibi satis placet, nec probus est nec frugi bonae,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 39 and 40; id. As. 3, 3, 12; id. Poen. 4, 2, 23:

(Fabius Luscus) satis acutus et permodestus ac bonae frugi,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, 3.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things: frugi severaque vita, honest, virtuous, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

victus luxuriosus, an frugi, an sordidus, quaeritur,

frugal, temperate, Quint. 5, 10, 27; cf.:

atrium frugi nec tamen sordidum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4:

cena,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4; Juv. 3, 167:

jentacula,

Mart. 13, 31, 1.—

Frux = homo frugi, worthy, honest: dictum factumque facit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 318 Vahl.). —

Ad frugem or ad bonam frugem, in vulg. lang. (to turn or bring one's self) to moral worth, excellence, virtue:

equidem multos vidi et in hac civitate, qui totam adolescentiam voluptatibus dedissent, emersisse aliquando et se ad frugem bonam, ut dicitur, recepisse gravesque homines atque illustres fuisse,

have reformed, Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

multa ad bonam frugem ducentia in eo libro scripta sunt,

Gell. 13, 27, 2:

quin tu adolescentem, quem esse corruptum vides, restituis? quin ad frugem corrigis?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 81; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:

certum'st ad frugem applicare animum,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 34.

Ixīon, ŏnis, m., = Ixiôn, the son of Phlegyas (acc. to others, of Antion or of Jupiter), king of the Lapithæ in Thessaly, and father of Pirithoüs. He murdered his father-in-law, to avoid paying the nuptial presents; and as no one would absolve him after such a deed, Jupiter took him into heaven and there purified him. When, notwithstanding this, he made an attempt on the chastity of Juno, Jupiter substituted for her an image of cloud, with which he begat the Centaurs; but having boasted of his imaginary criminal success with Juno, Jupiter hurled him into Tartarus, where he was bound fast to an ever-revolving wheel, Ov. M. 4, 465; 10, 42; Verg. A. 6, 601:

Ixione natus,

i. e. Pirithoüs, Ov. M. 12, 210:

Ixione nati,

the Centaurs. id. ib. 12, 504.—

Derivv.

Ixīŏnĭus ( - onĕus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ixion:

Ixionei rota orbis,

Verg. G. 4, 484:

Ixionii amici,

Lampr. Heliog. 24.—

Ixīŏnĭdes, ae, m., son of Ixion, i. e. Pirithoüs, Prop. 2, 1, 38.—In plur.: Ixīŏnĭdae, ārum, the Centaurs, Luc. 6, 386; Ov. M. 8, 566.

Ixīon, ŏnis, m., = Ixiôn, the son of Phlegyas (acc. to others, of Antion or of Jupiter), king of the Lapithæ in Thessaly, and father of Pirithoüs. He murdered his father-in-law, to avoid paying the nuptial presents; and as no one would absolve him after such a deed, Jupiter took him into heaven and there purified him. When, notwithstanding this, he made an attempt on the chastity of Juno, Jupiter substituted for her an image of cloud, with which he begat the Centaurs; but having boasted of his imaginary criminal success with Juno, Jupiter hurled him into Tartarus, where he was bound fast to an ever-revolving wheel, Ov. M. 4, 465; 10, 42; Verg. A. 6, 601:

Ixione natus,

i. e. Pirithoüs, Ov. M. 12, 210:

Ixione nati,

the Centaurs. id. ib. 12, 504.—

Derivv.

Ixīŏnĭus ( - onĕus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ixion:

Ixionei rota orbis,

Verg. G. 4, 484:

Ixionii amici,

Lampr. Heliog. 24.—

Ixīŏnĭdes, ae, m., son of Ixion, i. e. Pirithoüs, Prop. 2, 1, 38.—In plur.: Ixīŏnĭdae, ārum, the Centaurs, Luc. 6, 386; Ov. M. 8, 566.

Ixīon, ŏnis, m., = Ixiôn, the son of Phlegyas (acc. to others, of Antion or of Jupiter), king of the Lapithæ in Thessaly, and father of Pirithoüs. He murdered his father-in-law, to avoid paying the nuptial presents; and as no one would absolve him after such a deed, Jupiter took him into heaven and there purified him. When, notwithstanding this, he made an attempt on the chastity of Juno, Jupiter substituted for her an image of cloud, with which he begat the Centaurs; but having boasted of his imaginary criminal success with Juno, Jupiter hurled him into Tartarus, where he was bound fast to an ever-revolving wheel, Ov. M. 4, 465; 10, 42; Verg. A. 6, 601:

Ixione natus,

i. e. Pirithoüs, Ov. M. 12, 210:

Ixione nati,

the Centaurs. id. ib. 12, 504.—

Derivv.

Ixīŏnĭus ( - onĕus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ixion:

Ixionei rota orbis,

Verg. G. 4, 484:

Ixionii amici,

Lampr. Heliog. 24.—

Ixīŏnĭdes, ae, m., son of Ixion, i. e. Pirithoüs, Prop. 2, 1, 38.—In plur.: Ixīŏnĭdae, ārum, the Centaurs, Luc. 6, 386; Ov. M. 8, 566.

Ixīon, ŏnis, m., = Ixiôn, the son of Phlegyas (acc. to others, of Antion or of Jupiter), king of the Lapithæ in Thessaly, and father of Pirithoüs. He murdered his father-in-law, to avoid paying the nuptial presents; and as no one would absolve him after such a deed, Jupiter took him into heaven and there purified him. When, notwithstanding this, he made an attempt on the chastity of Juno, Jupiter substituted for her an image of cloud, with which he begat the Centaurs; but having boasted of his imaginary criminal success with Juno, Jupiter hurled him into Tartarus, where he was bound fast to an ever-revolving wheel, Ov. M. 4, 465; 10, 42; Verg. A. 6, 601:

Ixione natus,

i. e. Pirithoüs, Ov. M. 12, 210:

Ixione nati,

the Centaurs. id. ib. 12, 504.—

Derivv.

Ixīŏnĭus ( - onĕus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ixion:

Ixionei rota orbis,

Verg. G. 4, 484:

Ixionii amici,

Lampr. Heliog. 24.—

Ixīŏnĭdes, ae, m., son of Ixion, i. e. Pirithoüs, Prop. 2, 1, 38.—In plur.: Ixīŏnĭdae, ārum, the Centaurs, Luc. 6, 386; Ov. M. 8, 566.

Ixīon, ŏnis, m., = Ixiôn, the son of Phlegyas (acc. to others, of Antion or of Jupiter), king of the Lapithæ in Thessaly, and father of Pirithoüs. He murdered his father-in-law, to avoid paying the nuptial presents; and as no one would absolve him after such a deed, Jupiter took him into heaven and there purified him. When, notwithstanding this, he made an attempt on the chastity of Juno, Jupiter substituted for her an image of cloud, with which he begat the Centaurs; but having boasted of his imaginary criminal success with Juno, Jupiter hurled him into Tartarus, where he was bound fast to an ever-revolving wheel, Ov. M. 4, 465; 10, 42; Verg. A. 6, 601:

Ixione natus,

i. e. Pirithoüs, Ov. M. 12, 210:

Ixione nati,

the Centaurs. id. ib. 12, 504.—

Derivv.

Ixīŏnĭus ( - onĕus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ixion:

Ixionei rota orbis,

Verg. G. 4, 484:

Ixionii amici,

Lampr. Heliog. 24.—

Ixīŏnĭdes, ae, m., son of Ixion, i. e. Pirithoüs, Prop. 2, 1, 38.—In plur.: Ixīŏnĭdae, ārum, the Centaurs, Luc. 6, 386; Ov. M. 8, 566.

laetĭtĭa, ae, f. [id.], joy, esp. unrestrained joyfulness, gladness, pleasure, delight (cf.: gaudium, hilaritas).

Lit.:

laetitia opinio recens boni praesentis, in quo efferri rectum esse videatur,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:

laetitia dicitur exsultatio quaedam animi gaudio efferventior eventu rerum expetitarum,

Gell. 2, 27, 3:

judicium plenum laetitiae,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 243:

percipere laetitiam ex re,

id. ib. 1, 44, 197:

prae laetitia lacrumae prosuliunt mihi,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 13:

ut mea laetitia laetus promiscam siet,

id. Ps. 4, 5, 11:

totus in laetitiam effusus,

wholly dissolved in pleasure, Just. 12, 13, 7:

diem perpetuum in laetitia degere,

to spend joyfully, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 6:

ne me in laetitiam frustra conicias,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 51:

laetitiae dator,

i. e. Bacchus, Verg. A. 1, 734:

efferri laetitiā,

to be transported with joy, Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

exsultare,

id. Att. 14, 6, 2:

perfrui,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

afficere aliquem,

id. Mil. 28, 77:

comitia me laetitiā extulerunt,

have rejoiced me exceedingly, id. Fam. 2, 10, 1:

laetitiam capere oculis,

to enjoy, id. Att. 14, 14, 1:

dare alicui,

to give delight to, id. Planc. 42, 103:

et altera traditur circensis turbae non minus similis veri laetitia,

another outbreak of joy, Liv. 45, 1, 6:

ut hanc laetitiam nec opinanti primus ei obicerem domi,

this cause of joy, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 12; cf.:

offerre laetitiam alicui,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 18.—Esp. of success in love, Prop. 1, 10, 12; 2, 6, 32.— Plur.:

quaero quoi ter trinas triplicis tribus demeritas artibus Dem laetitias,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 14: incessi omnibus laetitiis laetus, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 2.—

Transf., pleasing appearance, beauty, grace:

membrorum,

Stat. Th. 6, 571.— Luxuriance, fertility, of plants:

trunci,

Col. 4, 24, 12:

pabuli,

plenty, abundance, Just. 44, 4, 14.—Of a fruitful soil:

loci,

Col. 4, 21, 2.—Of speech, sweetness, grace:

laetitia et pulcritudo orationis,

Tac. Or. 20.

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

Attributively.

As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.

Vir bonus.

A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—

An honest man:

justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—

A man of good standing in the community:

id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—

Ironically of bad men:

sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—

Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—

As a conventional courtesy:

homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

bone accusator,

id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—

Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—

With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

bonus consul,

Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

boni tribuni plebis,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

bonus senator,

id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

senator bonus,

id. Dom. 4, 8:

bonus judex,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

bonus augur (ironically),

id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

bonus vates,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

bonus imperator,

Sall. C. 60, 4:

bonus dux,

Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

naturam, optimam ducem,

the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

bonus miles,

Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

bonus orator,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

optimus orator,

id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

poeta bonus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

scriptor bonus,

Quint. 10, 1, 104:

bonus advocatus,

id. 5, 13, 10:

bonus defensor,

id. 5, 13, 3:

bonus altercator,

a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

bonus praeceptor,

id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

bonus gubernator,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

optimus opifex,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

sutor bonus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

actor optimus,

Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

cantor optimus est modulator,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

melior gladiator,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

bonus paterfamilias,

a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

bonus servus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

dominus bonus,

Cato, R. R. 14:

bonus custos,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

filius bonus,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

patres,

Quint. 11, 3, 178:

parens,

id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

uxor melior,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

amicus,

id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

amicus optimus,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

optimus testis,

Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

auctor, in two senses,

good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

optimus et fortissimus civis,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—

Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.

In gen.:

sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

fata... bonique divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

divis orte bonis,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

O bone deus!

Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—

Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—

Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

di boni, boni quid porto!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—

Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—

Optimus as a laudatory epithet.

Vir optimus:

per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

id. ib. 35, 76:

fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

id. ib.:

consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—

Femina bona, optima:

tua conjunx bona femina,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

id. ib. —

Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—

With proper names ( poet.):

optimus Vergilius,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

Maecenas optimus,

id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

optime Quinti,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—

Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

Ov. F. 2, 637:

optime Romulae Custos gentis,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—

Bonus and Bona, names of deities.

Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

in mal. part.,

Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—

Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—

Bona Fortuna:

si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

Bonae Fortunae (signum),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —

Bona Spes:

Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

BONAE SPEI,

Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—

BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

Prop. 3, 24, 19.

With nouns denoting things.

Things concrete, denoting excellence:

navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

id. ib. 76, 14:

id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

id. ib. 73; cf.:

bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

praedium bonum caelum habeat,

good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

bona tempestate,

in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

(praedium) solo bono valeat,

by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

villam bonam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

bonus pons,

Cat. 17, 5:

scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

perbona toreumata,

id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

38: bona domicilia,

comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

fundum meliorem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

equus melior,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

bona cena,

Cat. 13, 3:

boni nummi,

good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

super omnia vultus accessere boni,

good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

mulier bona forma,

of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

equus formae melioris,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

fruges bonae,

Cat. 34, 19:

ova suci melioris,

of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

bonum omen, 2. e.),

Quint. 6, 3, 69:

scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

bona firmaque vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 13.—

Things abstract.

Of physical well-being:

ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

non bonus somnus de prandio est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

bona aetas,

prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

optima aetate,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—

Of the mind and soul:

meliore esse sensu,

Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

optima indoles,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

bona conscientia,

Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

mens melior,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

duos optimae indolis filios,

Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

bonum consilium,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bona voluntas,

a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

memoria bona,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

bonae rationes,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

pronuntiatio bona,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—

Of moral relations:

ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

bona studia,

moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

quidquid vita meliore parasti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—

Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

bono usui estis nulli,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

Optumo optume optumam operam das,

id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

bonam dedistis mihi operam,

a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bonum otium,

valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

bonis versibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

versus meliores,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

meliora poemata,

Hor. A. P. 303:

in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

optimas fabulas,

id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

melius munus,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—

Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

de Procilio rumores non boni,

unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

fortuna optima esse,

to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

occasio tam bona,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

bona navigatio,

id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

ego sum spe bona,

Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

optima spe,

id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

melior interpretatio,

Tac. H. 3, 65:

cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

id. A. 4, 38:

amnis Doctus iter melius,

i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

omen bonum,

a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

Ov. F. 1, 221;

optimum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

bona scaeva,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

auspicio optumo,

id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—

Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

optima res publica,

id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

minus bonis temporibus,

id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

optimis temporibus,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

lex optima,

id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—

Good = large, considerable:

bono atque amplo lucro,

Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

bona librorum copia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

bona copia cornu,

Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—

Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

si bono genere natus sit,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—

Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.

Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

bona tua venia dixerim,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

Liv. 7, 41, 3:

obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

id. 6, 40, 10:

cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—

Bona pax, without quarrelling:

bona pax sit potius,

let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—

Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

Sall. J. 5, 5.—

Bona societas, alliance:

Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

Tac. A. 1, 58.

In particular phrases.

Bonae res.

= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

optimis rebus usus est,

he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—

= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

in bonis rebus,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —

Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —

Costly things, articles of luxury:

capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

nimium rei bonae,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

ignorantia bonarum rerum,

Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

re bona copiosum esse,

Gell. 16, 19, 7.—

Moral, morally good:

illi cum res non bonas tractent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

id. Sen. 18, 65.—

In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—

Bonae artes.

A good, laudable way of dealing:

qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

Sall. C. 2, 9:

huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

id. ib. 11, 2:

quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

Tac. A. 6, 46.—

Liberal arts and sciences:

litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

Quint. 12, 1, 7:

conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—

Bona fides, or fides bona.

Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—

Jurid. t. t.

Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,

Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—

Bona verba.

Kind words:

Bona verba quaeso,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—

Words of good omen (v. omen):

dicamus bona verba,

Tib. 2, 2, 1:

dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

Ov. F. 2, 638.—

Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

verborum bonorum cursu,

id. Brut. 66, 233:

omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

Quint. 10, 1, 9.—

Moral sayings:

non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —

Bona dicta.

Polite, courteous language:

hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—

Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—

Bona facta.

= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

Tac. A. 3, 40.—

Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

id. ib. 45.— Hence,

Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

Suet. Caes. 80:

et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

id. Vit. 14:

hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

Tert. Pud. 1.—

Bona gratia.

A friendly understanding:

cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

per gratiam bonam abire,

to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—

Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—

Bona pars.

The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

Liv. 21, 4, 1:

pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

id. 7, 21, 6.—

The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

civem bonarum partium,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—

Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

bonam partem ad te adtulit,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

bona pars noctium,

Quint. 12, 11, 19:

bona pars hominum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

meae vocis... bona pars,

id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

melior pars diei,

Verg. A. 9, 156.—

Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

nostri melior pars animus est,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

quae pars optima est in homine,

best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—

Adverb.:

bonam partem = ex magna parte,

Lucr. 6, 1249.—

Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—

Dies bonus or bona.

A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

Ov. F. 1, 72.—

A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—

Bonus mos.

Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

Liv. 34, 6, 9:

mores meliores,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—

Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

neglegentia boni moris,

Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —

Adverbial phrases.

Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.

To be of good cheer or courage:

bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

animo bono es,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

Liv. 39, 13, 7:

habe modo bonum animum,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

habe animum bonum,

id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

bonum animum habe,

Liv. 45, 8, 5:

clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—

Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—

Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

Ov. M. 9, 433.—

Bono modo.

= placide, with composure, moderation:

si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—

In a decent manner:

neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —

Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

ne jure optimo irrideamur,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

similarly, optimo judicio,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.

As subst.

bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.

In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.

Plur.:

bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—

Sing.:

malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—

Bonus, a man of honor.

A brave man:

pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

Sall. C. 33, 5:

fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —

A gentleman:

quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—

Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.

In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 47, 100:

ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

id. Pis. 2, 4:

etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

optimi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—

Without reference to political views;

opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

Sall. C. 37, 3:

elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

da locum melioribus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—

Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—

Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.

Referring to morality:

esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—

Of the educated classes:

adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

optimo cuique infesta libertas,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—

Honorable, brave:

optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

Sall. J. 92, 8.—

In gen., excellent:

optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

Sall. C. 8, 5.—

Distributively:

ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—

Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—

Attributively, with a noun:

optimam quamque causam,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

optima quaeque dies,

Verg. G. 3, 66.

bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.

Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—

Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

multa bona vobis volt facere,

will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

multa tibi di dent bona,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

omnia Bona dicere,

to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

nihil enim boni nosti,

nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

quia bonum sit valere,

a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

ad melius transcurrere,

to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—

Bonum or bona, prosperity:

fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—

Good qualities, gifts:

omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

id. ib. 17, 39:

non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

id. Balb. 28, 63:

gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—

Advantage, benefit:

si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—

With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

si bonum aequomque oras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—

Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.

In gen.:

paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

bona sua med habiturum omnia,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

id. ib. 30, 65:

bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

id. Caecin. 13, 38:

at mulctantur bonis exsules,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—

Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.

Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—

Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

Liv. 2, 24, 6:

bona proscribere,

to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—

Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—

In bonis esse;

with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.

Predicative use.

With nouns or pronouns as subjects.

Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —

To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

jam istuc non bonumst,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

oleum viridius et melius fiet,

id. ib. 3:

vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

quid est homini salute melius?

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

Liv. 2, 51, 3:

parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—

To be kind:

bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—

With reference to the gods:

ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—

Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).

Without a subject:

bonum sit!

may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—

With subject inf.:

nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—

Melius est.

With subject inf.:

melius sanam est mentem sumere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

proinde quiesse erit melius,

Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—

With subject inf.-clause:

meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—

With ut-clause:

quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—

With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—

Optimum est.

With subject inf.:

optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

Liv. 23, 34, 8:

si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—

With inf.-clause:

constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—

With ut and subj:

hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—

With quod:

illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—

With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).

Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

di melius duint,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

di meliora velint!

Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

di meliora! inquit,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.

With object expressed,

By dat.

= good, useful, beneficial for:

ambula, id lieni optumum est,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 447.—

= benignus or propitius, kind to:

vicinis bonus esto,

Cato, R. R. 4:

bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

Verg. A. 12, 647.—

= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

Cato, R. R. 6:

tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

id. ib. 26:

terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—

With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

cui bono fuisset,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

ellipt. form cui bono?

Prisc. p. 1208 P.—

With dat. gerund:

ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—

By ad and acc.:

refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 14.

naufrăgĭum, ii, n. [for navifragium, from navis-frango], a shipwreck.

Lit.:

multi naufragia fecerunt,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 1:

naufragio perire,

id. Deiot. 9, 25:

naufragio interire,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27:

naufragio interceptus,

Tac. A. 14, 3; Flor. 3, 10, 7:

nullum conferri posse Naufragium velis ardentibus,

Juv. 12, 22:

pati,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 118.—Prov.:

naufragia alicujus ex terrā intueri,

to behold the ruin of others from a position of safety, Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4 (cf. Lucr. 2, 1):

naufragium in portu facere,

i. e. to fail when on the verge of success, Quint. Decl. 12, 23.—

Poet., transf.

A storm:

naufragiis magnis multisque coörtis,

Lucr. 2, 552.—

The remains of a shipwreck, a wreck:

Eurus Naufragium spargens operit freta,

Sil. 10, 323.—

Trop., shipwreck, ruin, loss, destruction:

naufragium fortunarum,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 25:

luculenti patrimonii,

id. Phil. 12, 8, 19:

rei familiaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 5:

cum Gallica gens per Italiam naufragia sua latius traheret,

defeats, Flor. 1, 13, 19: tabula ex naufragio, lit. a plank on which a shipwrecked person saves himself; hence, a means of deliverance, a solace, Cic. Att. 4, 18, 3.—

Transf., the shattered remains, a wreck:

naufragia Caesaris amicorum,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 3: colligere naufragium rei publicae. id. Sest. 6, 15:

credo mollia naufragiis litora posse dari,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 62; 2, 9, 9.

offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).

Lit.:

offendere caput ad fornicem,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

latus vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

coxam,

to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:

solido,

against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:

in scopulis offendit puppis,

strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:

in redeundo offenderunt,

ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

in cornua,

Sol. 40:

ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:

visco,

id. Poen. 2, 37.—

Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:

si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,

id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:

imparatum te offendam,

will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:

eundem bonorum sensum,

id. ib. 1, 9, 17:

nondum perfectum templum offendere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:

omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—

Trop.

In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

in causis,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:

ad fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—

In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:

pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98:

sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,

gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:

se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,

id. Att. 10, 4, 8:

neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:

in multis enim offendimus omnes,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:

cum nihil aliud offenderit,

Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—

To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:

at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—

To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:

apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

cum multi viri fortes offenderint,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,

i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:

sin aliquid esset offensum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7:

quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,

might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:

nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,

id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:

at si valetudo ejus offendissit,

failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—

To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:

me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

tuam existimationem,

id. ib. 3, 8, 7:

neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

offensus nemo contumeliā,

id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

ne offendam patrem,

id. ib. 6, 3, 9:

ut eos splendor offendat,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:

extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,

Lucr. 6, 791:

offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,

provoke, Juv. 16, 24:

polypodion offendit stomachum,

disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:

ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,

id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:

multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:

ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),

so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.

Offensive, odious (cf.:

invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:

offensum et invisum esse alicui,

id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:

offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—

Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:

offensus et alienatus animus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:

aliena et offensa populi voluntas,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:

quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:

quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,

id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.

offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.).

offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. [obfendo]. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).

Lit.:

offendere caput ad fornicem,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

latus vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

coxam,

to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720:

solido,

against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78:

in scopulis offendit puppis,

strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22:

in redeundo offenderunt,

ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

in cornua,

Sol. 40:

ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2:

visco,

id. Poen. 2, 37.—

Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30:

paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5:

si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,

id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:

imparatum te offendam,

will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3:

eundem bonorum sensum,

id. ib. 1, 9, 17:

nondum perfectum templum offendere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:

omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—

Trop.

In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

in causis,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 301:

ad fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—

In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:

pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98:

sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,

gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105:

se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,

id. Att. 10, 4, 8:

neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin:

in multis enim offendimus omnes,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive:

cum nihil aliud offenderit,

Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—

To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:

at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—

To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:

apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

cum multi viri fortes offenderint,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131:

tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,

i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.— Impers. pass.:

sin aliquid esset offensum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7:

quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,

might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.:

nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo... in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,

id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.:

at si valetudo ejus offendissit,

failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—

To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:

me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

tuam existimationem,

id. ib. 3, 8, 7:

neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

offensus nemo contumeliā,

id. Att. 6, 3, 3:

ne offendam patrem,

id. ib. 6, 3, 9:

ut eos splendor offendat,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 7:

extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,

Lucr. 6, 791:

offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,

provoke, Juv. 16, 24:

polypodion offendit stomachum,

disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58:

ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,

id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.— Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt:

multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.:

ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),

so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin. —Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a.

Offensive, odious (cf.:

invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145:

offensum et invisum esse alicui,

id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence:

offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—

Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:

offensus et alienatus animus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7:

aliena et offensa populi voluntas,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere [p. 1259] deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.— Comp.:

quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2:

quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,

id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.

offendo, ĭnis, f. [1. offendo], an offence, Afran. ap. Non. 146, 32 (offendo, offensio, Non.).

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

Attributively.

As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.

Vir bonus.

A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—

An honest man:

justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—

A man of good standing in the community:

id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—

Ironically of bad men:

sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—

Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—

As a conventional courtesy:

homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

bone accusator,

id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—

Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—

With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

bonus consul,

Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

boni tribuni plebis,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

bonus senator,

id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

senator bonus,

id. Dom. 4, 8:

bonus judex,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

bonus augur (ironically),

id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

bonus vates,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

bonus imperator,

Sall. C. 60, 4:

bonus dux,

Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

naturam, optimam ducem,

the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

bonus miles,

Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

bonus orator,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

optimus orator,

id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

poeta bonus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

scriptor bonus,

Quint. 10, 1, 104:

bonus advocatus,

id. 5, 13, 10:

bonus defensor,

id. 5, 13, 3:

bonus altercator,

a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

bonus praeceptor,

id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

bonus gubernator,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

optimus opifex,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

sutor bonus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

actor optimus,

Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

cantor optimus est modulator,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

melior gladiator,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

bonus paterfamilias,

a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

bonus servus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

dominus bonus,

Cato, R. R. 14:

bonus custos,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

filius bonus,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

patres,

Quint. 11, 3, 178:

parens,

id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

uxor melior,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

amicus,

id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

amicus optimus,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

optimus testis,

Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

auctor, in two senses,

good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

optimus et fortissimus civis,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—

Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.

In gen.:

sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

fata... bonique divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

divis orte bonis,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

O bone deus!

Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—

Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—

Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

di boni, boni quid porto!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—

Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—

Optimus as a laudatory epithet.

Vir optimus:

per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

id. ib. 35, 76:

fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

id. ib.:

consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—

Femina bona, optima:

tua conjunx bona femina,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

id. ib. —

Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—

With proper names ( poet.):

optimus Vergilius,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

Maecenas optimus,

id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

optime Quinti,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—

Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

Ov. F. 2, 637:

optime Romulae Custos gentis,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—

Bonus and Bona, names of deities.

Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

in mal. part.,

Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—

Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—

Bona Fortuna:

si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

Bonae Fortunae (signum),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —

Bona Spes:

Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

BONAE SPEI,

Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—

BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

Prop. 3, 24, 19.

With nouns denoting things.

Things concrete, denoting excellence:

navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

id. ib. 76, 14:

id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

id. ib. 73; cf.:

bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

praedium bonum caelum habeat,

good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

bona tempestate,

in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

(praedium) solo bono valeat,

by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

villam bonam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

bonus pons,

Cat. 17, 5:

scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

perbona toreumata,

id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

38: bona domicilia,

comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

fundum meliorem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

equus melior,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

bona cena,

Cat. 13, 3:

boni nummi,

good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

super omnia vultus accessere boni,

good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

mulier bona forma,

of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

equus formae melioris,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

fruges bonae,

Cat. 34, 19:

ova suci melioris,

of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

bonum omen, 2. e.),

Quint. 6, 3, 69:

scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

bona firmaque vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 13.—

Things abstract.

Of physical well-being:

ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

non bonus somnus de prandio est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

bona aetas,

prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

optima aetate,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—

Of the mind and soul:

meliore esse sensu,

Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

optima indoles,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

bona conscientia,

Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

mens melior,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

duos optimae indolis filios,

Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

bonum consilium,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bona voluntas,

a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

memoria bona,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

bonae rationes,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

pronuntiatio bona,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—

Of moral relations:

ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

bona studia,

moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

quidquid vita meliore parasti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—

Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

bono usui estis nulli,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

Optumo optume optumam operam das,

id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

bonam dedistis mihi operam,

a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bonum otium,

valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

bonis versibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

versus meliores,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

meliora poemata,

Hor. A. P. 303:

in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

optimas fabulas,

id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

melius munus,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—

Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

de Procilio rumores non boni,

unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

fortuna optima esse,

to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

occasio tam bona,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

bona navigatio,

id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

ego sum spe bona,

Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

optima spe,

id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

melior interpretatio,

Tac. H. 3, 65:

cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

id. A. 4, 38:

amnis Doctus iter melius,

i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

omen bonum,

a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

Ov. F. 1, 221;

optimum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

bona scaeva,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

auspicio optumo,

id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—

Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

optima res publica,

id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

minus bonis temporibus,

id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

optimis temporibus,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

lex optima,

id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—

Good = large, considerable:

bono atque amplo lucro,

Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

bona librorum copia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

bona copia cornu,

Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—

Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

si bono genere natus sit,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—

Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.

Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

bona tua venia dixerim,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

Liv. 7, 41, 3:

obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

id. 6, 40, 10:

cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—

Bona pax, without quarrelling:

bona pax sit potius,

let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—

Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

Sall. J. 5, 5.—

Bona societas, alliance:

Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

Tac. A. 1, 58.

In particular phrases.

Bonae res.

= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

optimis rebus usus est,

he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—

= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

in bonis rebus,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —

Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —

Costly things, articles of luxury:

capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

nimium rei bonae,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

ignorantia bonarum rerum,

Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

re bona copiosum esse,

Gell. 16, 19, 7.—

Moral, morally good:

illi cum res non bonas tractent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

id. Sen. 18, 65.—

In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—

Bonae artes.

A good, laudable way of dealing:

qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

Sall. C. 2, 9:

huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

id. ib. 11, 2:

quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

Tac. A. 6, 46.—

Liberal arts and sciences:

litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

Quint. 12, 1, 7:

conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—

Bona fides, or fides bona.

Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—

Jurid. t. t.

Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,

Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—

Bona verba.

Kind words:

Bona verba quaeso,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—

Words of good omen (v. omen):

dicamus bona verba,

Tib. 2, 2, 1:

dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

Ov. F. 2, 638.—

Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

verborum bonorum cursu,

id. Brut. 66, 233:

omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

Quint. 10, 1, 9.—

Moral sayings:

non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —

Bona dicta.

Polite, courteous language:

hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—

Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—

Bona facta.

= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

Tac. A. 3, 40.—

Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

id. ib. 45.— Hence,

Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

Suet. Caes. 80:

et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

id. Vit. 14:

hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

Tert. Pud. 1.—

Bona gratia.

A friendly understanding:

cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

per gratiam bonam abire,

to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—

Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—

Bona pars.

The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

Liv. 21, 4, 1:

pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

id. 7, 21, 6.—

The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

civem bonarum partium,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—

Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

bonam partem ad te adtulit,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

bona pars noctium,

Quint. 12, 11, 19:

bona pars hominum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

meae vocis... bona pars,

id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

melior pars diei,

Verg. A. 9, 156.—

Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

nostri melior pars animus est,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

quae pars optima est in homine,

best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—

Adverb.:

bonam partem = ex magna parte,

Lucr. 6, 1249.—

Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—

Dies bonus or bona.

A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

Ov. F. 1, 72.—

A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—

Bonus mos.

Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

Liv. 34, 6, 9:

mores meliores,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—

Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

neglegentia boni moris,

Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —

Adverbial phrases.

Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.

To be of good cheer or courage:

bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

animo bono es,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

Liv. 39, 13, 7:

habe modo bonum animum,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

habe animum bonum,

id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

bonum animum habe,

Liv. 45, 8, 5:

clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—

Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—

Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

Ov. M. 9, 433.—

Bono modo.

= placide, with composure, moderation:

si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—

In a decent manner:

neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —

Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

ne jure optimo irrideamur,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

similarly, optimo judicio,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.

As subst.

bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.

In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.

Plur.:

bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—

Sing.:

malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—

Bonus, a man of honor.

A brave man:

pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

Sall. C. 33, 5:

fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —

A gentleman:

quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—

Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.

In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 47, 100:

ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

id. Pis. 2, 4:

etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

optimi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—

Without reference to political views;

opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

Sall. C. 37, 3:

elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

da locum melioribus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—

Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—

Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.

Referring to morality:

esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—

Of the educated classes:

adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

optimo cuique infesta libertas,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—

Honorable, brave:

optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

Sall. J. 92, 8.—

In gen., excellent:

optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

Sall. C. 8, 5.—

Distributively:

ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—

Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—

Attributively, with a noun:

optimam quamque causam,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

optima quaeque dies,

Verg. G. 3, 66.

bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.

Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—

Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

multa bona vobis volt facere,

will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

multa tibi di dent bona,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

omnia Bona dicere,

to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

nihil enim boni nosti,

nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

quia bonum sit valere,

a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

ad melius transcurrere,

to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—

Bonum or bona, prosperity:

fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—

Good qualities, gifts:

omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

id. ib. 17, 39:

non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

id. Balb. 28, 63:

gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—

Advantage, benefit:

si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—

With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

si bonum aequomque oras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—

Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.

In gen.:

paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

bona sua med habiturum omnia,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

id. ib. 30, 65:

bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

id. Caecin. 13, 38:

at mulctantur bonis exsules,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—

Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.

Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—

Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

Liv. 2, 24, 6:

bona proscribere,

to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—

Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—

In bonis esse;

with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.

Predicative use.

With nouns or pronouns as subjects.

Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —

To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

jam istuc non bonumst,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

oleum viridius et melius fiet,

id. ib. 3:

vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

quid est homini salute melius?

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

Liv. 2, 51, 3:

parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—

To be kind:

bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—

With reference to the gods:

ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—

Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).

Without a subject:

bonum sit!

may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—

With subject inf.:

nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—

Melius est.

With subject inf.:

melius sanam est mentem sumere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

proinde quiesse erit melius,

Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—

With subject inf.-clause:

meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—

With ut-clause:

quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—

With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—

Optimum est.

With subject inf.:

optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

Liv. 23, 34, 8:

si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—

With inf.-clause:

constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—

With ut and subj:

hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—

With quod:

illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—

With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).

Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

di melius duint,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

di meliora velint!

Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

di meliora! inquit,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.

With object expressed,

By dat.

= good, useful, beneficial for:

ambula, id lieni optumum est,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 447.—

= benignus or propitius, kind to:

vicinis bonus esto,

Cato, R. R. 4:

bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

Verg. A. 12, 647.—

= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

Cato, R. R. 6:

tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

id. ib. 26:

terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—

With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

cui bono fuisset,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

ellipt. form cui bono?

Prisc. p. 1208 P.—

With dat. gerund:

ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—

By ad and acc.:

refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 14.

prōcessus, a, um, Part., from procedo.

prōcessus, ūs, m. [procedo], a going forwards, advance, course, progression, progress, process.

In gen. (class.):

processus dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 65, 232:

processum vult,

the progress of the discourse, id. Or. 62, 210: in Graecis litteris magnum processum habere, Attei. Philol. ap. Suet. Gram. 10:

sin in processu coepit crudescere morbus,

in its course, Verg. G. 3, 504:

amnis,

Sen. Ben. 3, 29, 3:

pelagi,

Rutil. Nam. 1, 439. —In plur.:

tantos processus efficiebat,

Cic. Brut. 78, 272:

sic tua processus habeat fortuna perennes,

Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 25; cf. Juv. 1, 39:

aversatio alienorum processuum,

Sen. Tranq. 2, 11:

inimica semper alienis processibus invidia,

success, good fortune, id. Cons. ad Polyb. 9, 4, § 28:

queruntur et de consiliis et de processibus suis,

of their results, id. Ep. 115, 17:

in malis,

progress, Vulg. Ecclus. 20, 9.—

In partic.

The ceremonious appearance of the consul on assuming office, Dig. 24, 1, 41.—

The public appearance of the emperor (opp. to recensus), Treb. Pol. Gall. 17, 3.—

An attack:

rapidus turmarum,

Amm. 19, 2, 6.—

Transf.

A projection, process, Cels. 8, 1.—

Of time, a passing away, elapsing, lapse (post-class.):

ternis dierum ac noctium processibus,

Prud. Cath. 7, 121: temporis, Firm. 3, 4; Amm. 14, 1, 2; cf. id. 31, 16, 6; Cod. 31, 2, 3.

prōfectus, a, um, Part., from proficio

prŏfectus, a, um, Part., from proficiscor

prōfectus (with the first syllable short, Aus. ldyll. 4, 70), ūs, m. [proficio], advance, progress, effect, increase, growth, profit, success ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

sine profectu, Ov M. 9, 50: verbaque profectu dissimulata carent,

id. P. 3, 9, 40; Col. 1, 4, 5; Varr. R. R. 1, 223; Quint. 10, 3, 2; 12, 6, 4; 1, 2, 26:

in quo quantum esset ingenii, quantum etiam profectus, sermo primus ostendit,

progress, Sen. Ep. 11, 1:

experimentum profectus tui capere animi firmitate,

id. ib. 20, 1:

donec blandlente profectu prodire in scenam concupiit,

Suet. Ner. 20:

puer magni profectus in eā arte obiit,

Plin. 35, 4, 7, § 21.—So, the improvement, convalescence of the sick, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 9, 54.—In plur.:

in similitudine et temporum et profectuum,

Vell. 1, 16, 2.

prospĕrĭtas, ātis, f. [prosper], desirable condition, good fortune, success, prosperity (rare but good prose):

vitae,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 86: honestarum rerum, id. Fragm. ap. Amm. 21, 16, 13:

tantā prosperitate usus est valetudinis, ut, etc.,

such a desirable state of health, such full health, Nep. Att. 21, 1.—In plur.:

improborum prosperitates secundaeque res,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

ventorum,

App. M. 11, p. 270, 21:

summarum rerum,

Amm. 17, 4, 6:

currentes ex voto,

id. 22, 8, 6; Vulg. 2 Macc. 14, 14.—

Joy, approbation:

quod est prosperitatis indicium plenum,

Amm. 15, 8, 15.

prōventus, ūs, m. [provenio], a coming forth, growing up, growth, increase; produce, yield, crop (not in Cic.; syn. reditus).

Lit.:

proventu oneret sulcos,

Verg. G. 2, 518:

papilionis,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 209:

rosarum,

id. 21, 5, 11, § 22:

olei,

id. 17, 21, 19, § 93:

lactis,

id. 20, 12, 48, § 122:

uberi vinearum proventu,

Suet. Claud. 16 fin.:

ficus trifero proventu,

Plin. 15, 18, 19, § 71; Amm. 22, 8, 32; Sen. Ben. 4, 33, 2; id. Ep. 114, 1; cf.:

equinus proventus,

Sol. 45, 5.— In plur.:

frugum,

Censor. 18, 7; Plin. 19, 5, 24, § 74; 19, 12, 62, § 189.—

Transf., a supply, number:

tum deinde efflorescat... oratorum ingens proventus,

Quint. 12, 10, 11:

poëtarum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 1:

clarorum virorum,

Just. 13, 1, 12:

murium,

Plin. 10, 65, 85, § 186:

cuniculorum,

id. 8, 55, 81, § 218.—

Trop.

In gen., an issue, result:

errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

omnes milites intenti pugnae proventum expectabant,

id. ib. 7, 80:

hujus peregrinationis,

App. M. 2, p. 120, 12.—

In partic., a fortunate issue, happy result, success:

superioris temporis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 38:

secundarum rerum,

Liv. 45, 41:

orationis,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 18; Vulg. 1 Cor. 10, 13.

sā̆crāmentum, i, n. [sacro].

In good class. Lat., a jurid. and milit. t. t.

Jurid. t. t., the sum which the two parties to a suit at first deposited, but afterwards became bound for, with the tresviri capitales; so called because the sum deposited by the losing party was used for religious purposes, esp. for the sacra publica; v. Fest. p. 344 Müll.; or, perh. more correctly, because the money was deposited in a sacred place; v. the foll. passage of Varro and Müller's note. (Another reason is given in Isid. Orig. 5, 24 fin.: sacramentum est pignus sponsionis; vocatum autem sacramentum, quia violare, quod quisque promittit, perfidia est): ea pecunia, quae in judicium venit in litibus, sacramentum a sacro. Qui petebat et qui infitiabatur, de aliis rebus utrique quingenos aeris ad pontem deponebant, de aliis rebus item certo alio legitimo numero assum;

qui judicio vicerat, suom sacramentum e sacro auferebat, victi ad aerarium redibat,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 180 Müll. N. cr.: qui prior vindicaverat, dicebat: quando tu injuria vindicavisti, de aeris sacramento te provoco; adversarius quoque dicebat: similiter ego te;

seu L. asses sacramenti nominabant... Postea praedes Praetor ab utroque accipiebat sacramenti, quod id in publicum cedebat,

Gai. Inst. 4, 16; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, § 13 sq.;

95: sacramenti autem nomine id aes dici coeptum est quod et propter aerarii inopiam et sacrorum publicorum multitudinem consumebatur id in rebus divinis,

Fest. p. 344 Müll.: cum in rem aliquam agerent litigatores et poena se sacramenti peterent, poscebant judicem, qui dabatur post trigesimum diem, Pseudo-Ascon. ad. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26 (p. 164 Orell.):

de multae sacramento consules comitiis centuriatis tulerunt,

Cic. Rep. 2, 35, 60.—

Meton., a cause, a civil suit or process:

decemviri re quaesitā et deliberatā sacramentum nostrum justum judicaverunt,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; cf.

transf. in gen.: homines graves, quibuscum tibi justo sacramento contendere, non liceret,

on equal terms, with a fair chance of success, id. de Or. 1, 10, 42: cetera... entechna et arguta adparebunt, ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, lay a wager, i. e. confidently assert, id. Fam. 7, 32, 2:

injustis vindiciis ac sacramentis ali enos fundos petere,

id. Mil. 27, 74: si Xviri [p. 1612] sacramentum in libertatem injustum judicassent, id. Dom. 29, 78.—

Milit. t. t. (cf. infra, 2, the passage from Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36), orig. the preliminary engagement entered into by newly-enlisted troops (this was followed by the proper military oath, jusjurandum, which was at first voluntary, but, after the second Punic war, was demanded by the military tribune): milites tum (i.e. 538 A.U.C.), quod numquam antea factum erat, jurejurando ab tribunis militum adacti milites [jussu consulis conventuros]: nam ad eam diem nihil praeter sacramentum fuerat;

et, ubi ad decuriatum aut centuriatum convenissent, suā voluntate ipsi inter sese decuriati equites, centuriati pedites conjurabant, sese fugae atque formidinis ergo non abituros neque ex ordine recessuros, nisi, etc.... Id ex voluntario inter ipsos foedere ad tribunos ac legitimam juris jurandi adactionem translatum,

Liv. 22, 38, 2 seq. Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 4; and v. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 292 sq.—Hence, since that time,

For jusjurandum, the military oath of allegiance (very freq. and class.):

milites Domitianos sacramentum apud se dicere jubet,

to take the oath of allegiance, Caes. B. C. 1, 23; so,

sacramentum dicere,

id. ib. 1, 86 fin.:

quos consulis sacramento rogavisset,

id. B. G. 6, 1:

sacramentum dicere alicui,

Tac. A. 1, 28; and in a like signif. in Livy: sacramento (abl.) dicere, Liv. 2, 24 fin.; 4, 53; 25, 5; 41, 5 fin.:

sacramento dicere alicui,

id. 24, 8: ut omnes minores quinquaginta annis sacramento (abl.) rogaret, should administer the oath of allegiance to them, swear them in, id. 40, 26; so,

rogare (aliquos) sacramento,

id. 32, 26; 35, 2; Quint. 12, 2, 26;

in a like sense: adigere sacramento aliquos,

Liv. 4, 5; 7, 11; 9, 29; Tac. A. 1, 37; id. H. 1, 55:

adigere aliquos sacramento Othonis,

id. ib. 1, 76:

Vitellii,

id. ib. 2, 55:

Vespasiani,

id. ib. 2, 79:

adigere aliquos sacramento in nomen senatūs,

Suet. Galb. 16:

sacramento aliquem tenere... sacramento tenere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32; cf.:

secundo eum obliget militiae sacramento, quia, priore amisso, jure cum hostibus pugnare non poterat,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (in which passage the primary jurid. signif. is alluded to):

ex quibus (legionibus) aetate aut valetudine fessi sacramento solvebantur,

Tac. A. 16, 13 fin.:

legionibus, quae sacramentum mutaverant, in paenitentiam conversis,

i. e. had revolted, Suet. Claud. 13; cf.:

paenitentia mutati sacramenti,

id. Galb. 10:

alicujus sacramentum exuere,

Tac. H. 3, 42:

hoc sacramento (viz. in the service of Bacchus) initiatos juvenes milites faciendos censetis?

Liv. 39, 15.—