sĕrum

* * *

sĕrum, i, n. (collat. form sĕrū, acc. to Charis. p. 23 P.) [prob. sibilated from oros].

The watery part of curdled milk, whey, Plin. 11, 41, 96, § 239; 28, 9, 33, § 126; Col. 7, 12, 10; Verg. G. 3, 406; Tib. 2, 3, 16; Ov. F. 4, 770.—

Transf., like oros, of the watery parts, serum, of other things;

of resin,

Plin. 16, 12, 23, § 60:

seminis genitalis,

Cat. 80, 8.

* * *

sĕrum, i, n. (collat. form sĕrū, acc. to Charis. p. 23 P.) [prob. sibilated from oros].

The watery part of curdled milk, whey, Plin. 11, 41, 96, § 239; 28, 9, 33, § 126; Col. 7, 12, 10; Verg. G. 3, 406; Tib. 2, 3, 16; Ov. F. 4, 770.—

Transf., like oros, of the watery parts, serum, of other things;

of resin,

Plin. 16, 12, 23, § 60:

seminis genitalis,

Cat. 80, 8.

sērus, a, um, adj. [cf. series; Sanscr. sărat, thread; that which is long drawn out], late (freq. and class.; cf.: tardus, lentus): nescis quid vesper serus vehat (the title of a work by Varro), Varr. ap. Gell. 1, 22, 4; 13, 11, 1:

sero a vespere,

Ov. M. 4, 415:

serā nocte,

Liv. 1, 57, 9; Col. 1 praef.; Prop. 1, 3, 10; Val. Fl. 7, 400:

crepuscula,

Ov. M. 1, 219:

lux,

id. ib. 15, 651:

dies,

Tac. H. 3, 82 (cf. infra, B.):

hiems,

Liv. 32, 28, 6:

anni,

i. e. ripe years, age, Ov. M. 6, 29; 9, 434; id. F. 5, 63; cf.

aetas,

id. A. A. 1, 65; Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 4:

gratulatio,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1:

portenta deūm Tarda et sera nimis, id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: nepotes,

Ov. M. 6, 138:

posteritas,

id. P. 1, 4, 24: sera eruditio, quam Graeci opsimathian appellant, Gell. 11, 7, 3; cf. poet., of persons, with gen.: o seri studiorum! ye late-learned, opsimatheis (i. e. backward, ignorant), Hor. S. 1, 10, 21 (v. infra, b. a): ulmus, late - or slowly-growing (acc. to others, old), Verg. G. 4, 144; so,

ficus,

late in bearing, Col. 5, 10, 10; cf. serotinus, and v. the foll. under sup.—Comp. (rare; not in Cic. or Cæs.; cf. adv. infra fin.):

serior mors (opp. maturior),

Cels. 2, 6 med.:

senectus,

Mart. 5, 6, 3:

spe omnium serius bellum,

Liv. 2, 3, 1:

serior putatio,

Col. 4, 23, 1; 2, 10, 15.— Poet., for posterior:

serior aetas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 7; Tib. 1, 4, 33:

hora,

Ov. H. 19, 14.— Sup.:

successores quam serissimi,

Vell. 2, 131, 2:

serissima omnium (pirorum) Amerina, etc.,

ripening the latest, Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 55; cf. supra.—

Poet.

For the adv. sero, of one who does any thing late:

serus in caelum redeas,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 45:

serus Graecis admovit acumina chartis,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 161:

jusserit ad se Maecenas serum sub lumina prima venire Convivam,

late in the day, id. S. 2, 7, 33:

nec nisi serus abi,

Ov. A. A. 2, 224:

poena tamen tacitis sera venit pedibus,

Tib. 1, 10, 3:

(me) Arguit incepto serum accessisse labori,

Ov. M. 13, 297.—So with things as subjects:

sera rubens accendit lumina Vesper,

Verg. G. 1, 251:

imposita est sero tandem manus ultima bello,

Ov. M. 13, 403:

seros pedes assumere,

id. ib. 15, 384:

Cantaber serā domitus catenā,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 22:

serum ut veniamus ad amnem Phasidos,

Val. Fl. 4, 708.—With gen.:

o seri studiorum!

Hor. S. 1, 10, 21 (v. supra); so,

belli serus,

Sil. 3, 255.—With inf.:

cur serus versare boves et plaustra Bootes?

Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 35.—

For adverb. use of sera and serum, v. adv. infra.—

Substt. ‡

sēra, ae, f. (sc. hora), a late hour, the evening hour, hespera, sera, vespra, crepusculum, Gloss. Vet.—

sērum, i, n., late time, late hour (of the day or night; first in Liv.;

esp. in the historians): serum erat diei,

Liv. 7, 8, 4:

quia serum diei fuerit,

id. 26, 3, 1:

jamque sero diei subducit ex acie legionem,

Tac. A. 2, 21 fin.:

extrahebatur in quam maxime serum diei certamen,

Liv. 10, 28, 2 Drak. N. cr.:

in serum noctis convivium productum,

id. 33, 48; cf.: ad serum [p. 1682] usque diem, Tac. H. 3, 82.— Absol., in Sueton., of a late hour of the day:

in serum dimicatione protractā,

Suet. Aug. 17; id. Ner. 22:

in serum usque patente cubiculo,

id. Oth. 11.—

Pregn., too late (class.):

ut magis exoptatae Kalendae Januariae quam serae esse videantur,

Cic. Phil. 5, 1:

neque rectae voluntati serum est tempus ullum, etc.,

Quint. 12, 1, 31:

tempus cavendi,

Sen. Thyest. 487: bellum, Sall. Fragm. ap. Philarg. Verg. G. 4, 144:

Antiates serum auxilium post proelium venerant,

Liv. 3, 5 fin.; 31, 24:

auxilia,

Val. Fl. 3, 562:

improbum consilium serum, ut debuit, fuit: et jam profectus Virginius erat, etc.,

Liv. 3, 46 fin.:

redit Alcidae jam sera cupido,

Val. Fl. 4, 247:

seras conditiones pacis tentare,

Suet. Aug. 17:

cum tandem ex somno surrexissent, in quod serum erat, aliquot horas remis in naves collocandis absumpserunt,

which was too late, Liv. 33, 48, 8:

hoc serum est,

Mart. 8, 44, 1; and with a subj.-clause:

dum deliberamus, quando incipiendum sit, incipere jam serum est,

Quint. 12, 6, 3; so,

serum est, advocare iis rebus affectum, etc.,

id. 4, 2, 115.—

Poet. for the adverb (cf. supra, I. b. a):

tum decuit metuisse tuis: nunc sera querelis Haud justis assurgis,

too late, Verg. A. 10, 94:

ad possessa venis praeceptaque gaudia serus,

Ov. H. 17, 107:

Herculeas jam serus opes spretique vocabis Arma viri,

Val. Fl. 3, 713:

serā ope vincere fata Nititur,

Ov. M. 2, 617:

auxilia ciere,

Val. Fl. 3, 562.—Hence, adv., in three forms.

sēră, late ( poet. and very rare):

sera comans Narcissus,

late in flowering, Verg. G. 4, 122.—

sērum, late at night ( poet. and very rare):

quae nocte sedens serum canit,

Verg. A. 12, 864.—

sērō̆.

(Acc. to I.) Late.

Late, at a late hour of the day or night (rare but class.):

eo die Lentulus venit sero,

Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1 (cf. infra, B.):

domum sero redire,

id. Fam. 7, 22.—

Late, at a late period of time, in gen. (freq. and class.):

res rustica sic est: si unam rem sero feceris omnia opera sero facies,

Cato, R. R. 5, 7; Cic. Brut. 10, 39; Quint. 6, 3, 103:

doctores artis sero repertos,

id. 2, 17, 7; 2, 5, 3.— Comp.:

modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

Ov. M. 4, 198; Liv. 31, 11, 10:

serius, quam ratio postulat,

Quint. 2, 1, 1:

scripsi ad Pompeium serius quam oportuit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 10; 15, 1, 4; id. Sest. 31, 67; Liv. 37, 45, 18; 42, 28, 1:

itaque serius aliquanto notatus et cognitus (numerus),

Cic. Or. 56, 186:

serius egressus vestigia vidit in alto Pulvere,

Ov. M. 4, 105:

ipse salutabo decimā vel serius horā,

Mart. 1, 109, 9: omnium Versatur urna serius ocius Sors exitura, later or earlier (or, as we say, inverting the order, sooner or later), Hor. C. 2, 3, 26; so,

serius aut citius sedem properamus ad unam,

Ov. M. 10, 33:

serius ei triumphandi causa fuit, ne, etc.,

Liv. 39, 6, 4; 38, 27, 4:

in acutis morbis serius aeger alendus est,

Cels. 3, 2.— Sup.:

ut quam serissime ejus profectio cognosceretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 75 (Scaliger ex conj.); so,

legi pira Tarentina,

Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 61 (al. serissima).—

(Acc to II.) Too late (freq. and class.):

abi stultus, sero post tempus venis,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90:

idem, quando illaec occasio periit, post sero cupit,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 71; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Men. 5, 6, 31; id. Pers. 5, 1, 16 (Opp. temperi); id. Trin. 2, 4, 14; 2, 4, 167; 4, 2, 147; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103; id. Ad. 2, 4, 8. (Scipio) factus est consul bis:

primum ante tempus: iterum sibi suo tempore, rei publicae paene sero,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 9:

sero resistimus ei, quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

id. Att. 7, 5, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 164 et saep.:

ne nimis sero ad extrema veniamus,

far too late, id. Phil. 2, 19, 47; Liv. 21, 3, 5.—Hence, in a double sense, alluding to the signif. A. a.:

cum interrogaret (accusator), quo tempore Clodius occisus esset? respondit (Milo), Sero,

Quint. 6, 3, 49.—Prov.: sero sapiunt Phryges, are wise too late, are troubled with after-wit; v. sapio.— Comp., in the same sense:

possumus audire aliquid, an serius venimus?

Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 20:

ad quae (mysteria) biduo serius veneram,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

doleo me in vitam paulo serius tamquam in viam ingressum,

id. Brut. 96, 330: erit verendum mihi, ne non hoc potius omnes boni serius a me, quam quisquam crudelius factum esse dicat, id. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

serius a terrā provectae naves,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8; Suet. Tib. 52.

* * *

* * *

* * *

ē-mulgĕo, no perf., lsum, 2, v. a., to milk out.

Prop.:

exiguum lactis,

Col. 7, 3, 17.—

Poet., in gen., to drain out, exhaust:

paludem,

Cat. 68, 110:

serum,

id. 80, 8.

ignōmĭnĭa, ae, f. [in - nomen; qs. a deprivation of one's good name, of one's honor as a citizen], disgrace, dishonor, ignominy, esp. as the result of civil or military punishment (class.; in sing. and plur.; cf.: infamia, dedecus, probrum, opprobrium).

A legal and military term: censoris judicium nihil fere damnato nisi ruborem affert. Itaque, ut omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine, animadversio illa ignominia dicta est, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 9 sq. (Rep. 4, 6 Mos.); Cic. Clu. 47, 130:

tu non animadvertes in omnes, sed carpes ut velis, et paucos ex multis ad ignominiam sortiere?

id. ib. 46, 129:

ignominiae causa post omnes interrogatus,

Suet. Claud. 9:

nonnullos signiferos ignominiā notavit ac loco movit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 74, 1; cf.:

qui ignominiā notandos censuerunt eos, si qui militiam subterfugissent,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 23:

mille milites, quia serum auxilium post proelium venerant, prope cum ignominia dimissi,

Liv. 3, 5, 15; cf. Suet. Caes. 69:

sine ignominia domum reverti,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 10; cf. id. B. G. 7, 17, 5; id. B. C. 3, 101, 6; Suet. Ner. 39; id. Oth. 9; id. Vesp. 8 al.: ignominiae aut poenae causa ab urbe Roma abesse, Paul. ex Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

in omnibus, quibus damnatus unusquisque ignominia notatur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 60:

ne laboret ignominia,

id. ib. 4, 182.—In plur.:

variis ignominiis afficere,

Suet. Aug. 24:

animadversionum et ignominiarum genera,

id. Tib. 19. —

In gen.

Absol.: maculam atque ignominiam imponere, Lucil. ap. Non. 24, 14:

in quibus (civitatibus) expetunt laudem optimi et decus ignominiam fugiunt ac dedecus,

Cic. Rep. 5, 4;

so with dedecus,

id. Div. 2, 9, 22; id. Quint. 20, 64;

with infamia,

id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45:

per summam injuriam ignominiamque,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 226:

injuriam sine ignominia imponere,

id. Quint. 31, 96:

haec insignis ignominia,

id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16:

ignominiā mortuum afficere,

id. Rosc. Am. 39, 113:

adjecta quibusdam ignominia,

Quint. 3, 7, 20:

ad depellendam ignominiam,

id. 1, 2, 24:

in urbanas tribus transferri ignominiae est,

Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 13:

gravior omni vulnere,

Juv. 8, 210.—In plur.:

ut homines castigationibus, reprehensionibus, ignominiis affici se in delicto dolerent,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 45:

judiciis ignominiisque concisus,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 11.—

With gen.:

hac tamen una plaga conciderit, ignominia senatus,

a disgrace inflicted by the Senate, Cic. Prov. Cons. 7, 16:

labes ignominiaque mortis,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27:

ignominia amissarum navium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 100 fin.:

cum summa ignominia familiae,

Nep. Timoth. 4, 1.

in (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in ante-class. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. with abl. and acc. [kindr. with Sanscr. an; Greek en, en-tha, en-then, eis, i. e. en-s, ana; Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes either rest or motion within or into a place or thing; opp. to ex; in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.

With abl.

In space.

Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which):

aliorum fructus in terra est, aliorum et extra,

Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61:

alii in corde, alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus,

id. Brut. 43, 161:

qui sunt cives in eadem re publica,

id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.:

facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in qua idem conducat omnibus,

id. ib.:

T. Labienus ex loco superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

quod si in scaena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 26, 97:

in foro palam Syracusis,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81:

plures in eo loco sine vulnere quam in proelio aut fuga intereunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35:

tulit de caede, quae in Appia via facta esset,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15:

in via fornicata,

Liv. 22, 36:

vigebat in illa domo mos patrius et disciplina,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

in domo furtum factum ab eo qui domi fuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 16:

nupta in domo,

Liv. 6, 34, 9:

copias in castris continent,

in, within, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

cum in angusto quodam pulpito stans diceret,

Quint. 11, 3, 130:

se ac suos in vehiculo conspici,

Liv. 5, 40, 10:

malo in illa tua sedecula sedere, quam in istorum sella curuli,

Cic. Att. 4, 10:

sedere in solio,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 66:

Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6. —

Sometimes, also, with names of places: omnes se ultro sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182:

heri aliquot adolescentuli coiimus in Piraeo,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1:

navis et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6:

complures (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

caesos in Marathone ac Salamine,

Quint. 12, 10, 24:

in Berenice urbe Troglodytarum,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.—

In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.):

in his poeta hic nomen profitetur suum,

Ter. Eun. prol. 3:

Thales, qui sapientissimus in septem fuit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

peto ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas,

id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.:

in perditis et desperatis,

id. ib. 13, 56, 1:

omnia quae secundum naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis,

id. de Sen. 19, 71:

dolor in maximis malis ducitur,

id. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

justissimus unus in Teucris,

Verg. A. 2, 426:

cecidere in pugna ad duo milia... in his quatuor Romani centuriones,

Liv. 27, 12, 16:

in diis et feminae sunt,

Lact. 1, 16, 17.—

Of analogous relations of place or position:

sedere in equo,

on horseback, id. Verr. 2, 5, 10:

quid legati in equis,

id. Pis. 25, 60:

sedere in leone,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109:

in eo flumine pons erat,

on, over, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

in herboso Apidano,

on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6:

in digitis,

on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267:

castra in limite locat,

on the rampart, Tac. A. 1, 50:

ipse coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo,

on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

oleae in arbore,

Cels. 2, 24:

Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius,

among, Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat,

Liv. 25, 16, 7:

in juvenibus,

Quint. 11, 1, 32:

nutus in mutis pro sermone est,

id. 11, 3, 66.—Of dress, like cum, q. v.:

in veste candida,

Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3:

in calceis,

id. 24, 38, 2:

in insignibus,

id. 5, 41, 2:

in tunicis albis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13:

in Persico et vulgari habitu,

Curt. 3, 3, 4:

in lugubri veste,

id. 10, 5, 17:

in Tyriis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 297:

in Cois,

id. ib. v. 298; cf.:

homines in catenis Romam mittere,

Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in viola aut in rosa, Cic. Tusc. [p. 912] 5, 26, 73.—So of arms:

duas legiones in armis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395:

in armis hostis,

under arms, Ov. M. 12,65:

quae in ore atque in oculis provinciae gesta sunt (= coram),

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so,

in oculis provinciae,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2:

in oculis omnium,

id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt,

Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6:

Julianus in ore ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur,

Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.—Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561):

in populorum institutis aut legibus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

in illis libris qui sunt de natura deorum,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

in Timaeo dicit,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 30:

epistula, in qua omnia perscripta erant,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2:

perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49; but in is also used with an author's name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to:

in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero,

Cic. Or. 71, 234:

in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 18.—Of books:

libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt,

Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach:

philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18:

quam spem nunc habeat in manibus, exponam,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

rem habere in manibus,

id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

neque mihi in manu fuit Jugurtha qualis foret,

in my power, Sall. J. 14, 4:

postquam nihil esse in manu sua respondebatur,

Liv. 32, 24, 2:

quod ipsorum in manu sit,... bellum an pacem malint,

Tac. A. 2, 46; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied (cf.:

inter manus),

Liv. 4, 57, 1; so,

quorum epistulas in manu teneo,

Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2:

in manu poculum tenens,

id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

coronati et lauream in manu tenentes,

Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc.:

in animo esse,

Cic. Fam. 14, 11:

in animo habere,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

lex est ratio insita in natura,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

in memoria sedere,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.:

tacito mutos volvunt in pectore questus,

Luc. 1, 247:

quanta auctoritas fuit in C. Metello!

Cic. de Sen. 17, 61. —So freq. of a person's qualities of mind or character:

erat in eo summa eloquentia, summa fides,

Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.:

in omni animante est summum aliquid atque optimum, ut in equis,

id. Fin. 4, 41, 37:

si quid artis in medicis est,

Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.:

nibil esse in morte timendum,

Lucr. 3, 866.— Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition:

in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc.,

Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so,

quo in loco, etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum fuga, quo in loco res essent, cognovissent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

videtis, quo in loco res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit,

Liv. 37, 14, 5.—Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.:

non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant,

Liv. 30, 19, 3:

cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret,

id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. infra).—

In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of:

feci ego istaec itidem in adulescentia,

in my youth, when I was young, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6:

in tempore hoc,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 24:

in hoc tempore,

Tac. A. 13, 47:

in tali tempore,

Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.:

in diebus paucis,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

in brevi spatio,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4:

in qua aetate,

Cic. Brut. 43 fin.:

in ea aetate,

Liv. 1, 57:

in omni aetate,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 9:

in aetate, qua jam Alexander orbem terrarum subegisset,

Suet. Caes. 7:

qua (sc. Iphigenia) nihil erat in eo quidem anno natum pulchrius,

in the course of, during the year, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo quidem anno):

nihil in vita se simile fecisse,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius. id. Clu. 6, 18:

in tota vita inconstans,

id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—

In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; v. tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5:

spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit,

id. 2, 47:

rebellaturi,

Tac. A. 12, 50:

atque adeo in ipso tempore eccum ipsum obviam,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.—

In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances:

sic enim mihi in praesentia occurrit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14:

vestrae quidem cenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die jucundae sunt,

id. ib. 5, 35, 100:

id quod unum maxime in praesentia desiderabatur,

Liv. 21, 37:

haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.,

for the present, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.—

With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in:

fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare,

id. Fin. 2, 9, 26:

quod in litteris dandis praeter consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat,

id. Cat. 3, 3, 6:

ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus,

in laying waste, id. ib. 5, 19:

in excidenda Numantia,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76:

cum in immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset,

id. Or. 21, 74.—

In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in:

qui magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent,

Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare,

id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

Larinum in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit,

id. Clu. 8, 25.—

So freq., of qualities or states of mind: summa in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli,

Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

torpescentne dextrae in amentia illa?

Liv. 23, 9, 7:

hunc diem perpetuum in laetitia degere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2:

in metu,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in voluptate,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

alicui in amore esse,

beloved, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

alicui in amoribus esse,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

res in invidia erat,

Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10:

num... Diogenem Stoicum coegit in suis studiis obmutescere senectus?

in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua diligentia: quod in summis tuis occupationibus mihi tamen rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti,

even in, notwithstanding your great occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.—

So freq., of business, employment, occupations, etc.: in aliqua re versari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat,

Curt. 5, 5, 23:

in certamine armorum atque in omni palaestra quid satis recte cavetur,

Quint. 9, 4, 8:

agi in judiciis,

id. 11, 1, 78:

tum vos mihi essetis in consilio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

in actione... dicere,

Quint. 8, 2, 2.—Of an office, magistracy:

in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat,

Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1:

in eo magistratu pari diligentia se praebuit,

Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. supra):

in ea ipsa causa fuit eloquentissimus,

Cic. Brut, 43, 160:

qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in vitio, quam, etc.,

is in the wrong, acts wrongly, id. Off. 1, 7, 23:

etsi hoc quidem est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,

is wrong, id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis,

id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.:

an omnino nulla sit in eo genere distinctio,

id. Or. 61, 205:

Drusus erat de praevaricatione absolutus in summa quatuor sententiis,

on the whole, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.:

et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

id. ib. 3, 5, 5;

but, in summa, sic maxime judex credit, etc.,

in a word, in fine, Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8:

horum (juvenum) inductio in parte simulacrum decurrentis exercitus erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii quam militaris artis,

in part, Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.:

quod mihi in parte verum videtur,

Quint. 2, 8, 6:

patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior interrogatio est,

id. 5, 7, 22:

hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt,

in the case of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

in furibus aerarii,

Sall. C. 52, 12:

Achilles talis in hoste fuit,

Verg. A. 2, 540:

in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc.,

in the case of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15:

suspectus et in morte matris fuit,

Suet. Vit. 14:

qui praesentes metuunt, in absentia hostes erunt, = absentes,

Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. supra).—Of the meaning of words, etc.:

non solum in eodem sensu, sed etiam in diverso, eadem verba contra,

Quint. 9, 3, 36:

aliter voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur,

id. 9, 3, 69:

Sallustius in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit,

Gell. 1, 22, 15:

stips non dicitur in significatione trunci,

Charis. 1, 18, 39:

semper in significatione ea hortus,

Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50. —

In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality:

cum exitus haud in facili essent, i. e. haud faciles,

Liv. 3, 8, 9:

adeo moderatio tuendae libertatis in difficili est,

id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension:

in obscuro esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse,

id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174:

dum in dubiost animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10:

in integro esse,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4:

in incerto esse,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

in obvio esse,

id. 37, 23, 1:

in tuto esse,

id. 38, 4, 10; cf.:

videre te in tuto,

Cat. 30, 6:

in aequo esse,

Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44:

in expedito esse,

Curt. 4, 2, 22:

in proximo esse,

Quint. 1, 3, 4:

in aperto esse,

Sall. C. 5, 3:

in promisco esse,

Liv. 7, 17, 7:

in augusto esse,

Cels. 5, 27, 2:

in incerto haberi,

Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17:

in levi habitum,

id. H. 2, 21; cf.:

in incerto relinquere,

Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.

With acc.

In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing (rarely with names of towns and small islands;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

in Ephesum advenit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35:

in Epirum venire,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

ibo in Piraeeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: venio ad Piraeea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod... Piraeea scripserim, non Piraeeum, quam in quod addiderim;

non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

remigrare in domum veterem e nova,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

cum in sua rura venerunt,

id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

id. Fam. 15, 9:

in Ubios legatos mittere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum et opulentum,

Sall. J. 75, 1:

Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat,

Liv. 3, 58, 1:

abire in exercitum,

Plaut. Am. prol. 102.— With nuntio:

cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est,

Tac. A. 4, 56:

nuntiatur in castra,

Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.:

allatis in castra nuntiis,

Tac. H. 4, 32: in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one's hands:

iste unumquodque vas in manus sumere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

Falerios se in manus Romanis tradidisse,

Liv. 5, 27, 3.—Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into... and place there):

in crimen populo ponere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10:

ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi,

Liv. 29, 19, 7:

prius me collocavi in arborem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6:

sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocasse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to:

in caelum ascendere,

Cic. Lael. 23 fin.:

filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

up to the altar, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25:

Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso,

Ov. M. 1, 113:

in flumen deicere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.—

Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

si in latus aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat,

Cels. 2, 3:

Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem etiam inspicitur,

Tac. Agr. 10:

in laevum prona nixus sedet Inachus urna,

Stat. Th. 2, 218.—With versus:

castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus,

towards, Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.:

in Galliam versus movere,

Sall. C. 56, 4: in [p. 913] ltaliam versus, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11:

si in urbem versus venturi erant,

Plin. Ep. 10, 82. —

So of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.):

in memoriam reducere,

Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98:

in animum inducere,

Liv. 27, 9:

in mentem venire,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

frequens imitatio transit in mores,

Quint. 1, 11, 3. —

Or into a writing or speech: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam,

Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.—

In time, into, till, for:

dormiet in lucem,

into the daylight, till broad day, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34:

statim e somno, quem plerumque in diem extrahunt, lavantur,

Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.:

in multam noctem luxit,

Suet. Tib. 74:

si febris in noctem augetur,

Cels. 7, 27:

dixit in noctem atque etiam nocte illatis lucernis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14:

indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt,

for thirty years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8:

nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1:

ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem,

for the following day, id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

subito reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit,

id. Mil. 9, 24:

solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

for many years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

postero die Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie,

Liv. 27, 2:

qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum,

Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:

seritur (semen lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae,

Col. 2, 10, 17.—With usque:

neque illi didicerunt haec usque in senectutem,

Quint. 12, 11, 20:

in illum usque diem servati,

id. 8, 3, 68:

in serum usque patente cubiculo,

Suet. Oth. 11:

regnum trahat usque in tempora fati,

Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever:

sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

res dilata est in posterum,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

id. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

id aegre et in praesentia hi passi et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.:

ingenti omnium et in praesens laetitia et in futurum spe,

id. 30, 17, 1:

effugis in futurum,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

quod eum tibi quaestoris in loco constitueras, idcirco tibi amicum in perpetuum fore putasti?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.:

oppidum omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

quae (leges) non in tempus aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis causa in aeternum latae sunt,

Liv. 34, 6, 4: in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.):

sensit miles in tempus conficta,

Tac. A. 1, 37:

ne urbs sine imperio esset, in tempus deligebatur, qui jus redderet,

id. ib. 6, 11:

scaena in tempus structa,

id. ib. 14, 20. —So in diem, for the day, to meet the day's want:

nihil ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat,

Liv. 22, 40, 8:

rapto in diem frumento,

id. 4, 10, 1;

but, cum illa fundum emisset in diem,

i. e. a fixed day of payment, Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily:

vitium in dies crescit,

Vell. 2, 5, 2:

in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto,

Cic. Att. 5, 7:

qui senescat in dies,

Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, daily:

nos in diem vivimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

in diem et horam,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 47;

and in horas,

hourly, id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.—

In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into:

id, quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum,

about the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28:

Callimachi epigramma in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.:

cum cenaret Simonides apud Scopam cecinissetque id car men, quod in eum scripsisset, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

quo amore tandem inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam,

towards, id. ib. 1, 44, 196:

in liberos nostros indulgentia,

id. ib. 2, 40, 168:

de suis meritis in rem publicam aggressus est dicere,

id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against, id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.:

in dominum quaeri,

to be examined as a witness against, id. Mil. 22, 60:

in eos impetum facere,

id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

invehi in Thebanos,

Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3:

quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

num etiam in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse?

Liv. 7, 6, 11:

vereor coram in os te laudare amplius,

to your face, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5:

si in me exerciturus (pugnos), quaeso, in parietem ut primum domes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168:

in puppim rediere rates,

Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.:

sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat enim in funus: cui funeri ego quoque operam dedi,

to the funeral, to take charge of the funeral, Cic. Att. 15, 1, B:

se quisque eum optabat, quem fortuna in id certamen legeret,

Liv. 21, 42, 2:

quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora fore,

Tac. A. 11, 6:

haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33:

Rhegium quondam in praesidium missa legio,

Liv. 28, 28; so,

datae in praesidium cohortes,

Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

haec et in eam sententiam cum multa dixisset,

id. Att. 2, 22:

qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 12:

in utramque partem disputat,

on both sides, for and against, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.:

facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46:

cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati,

in the manner of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt,

id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

senior quidam Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit,

Liv. 5, 15, 4;

also: domus et villae in urbium modum aedificatae,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

judicium quin acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae Naevius edebat, non recusasse,

id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.:

senatusconsultum in haec verba factum,

Liv. 30, 43, 9:

pax data Philippo in has leges est,

id. 33, 30:

Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.:

quae quidem in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur,

Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26:

itaque Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse,

id. Font. 5, 9:

extulit eum plebs sextantibus collatis in capita,

a head, for each person, Liv. 2, 33 fin.:

Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium,

id. 32, 17, 2; cf.:

Thracia in Rhoemetalcen filium... inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. inter),

Tac. A. 2, 67.—

Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect:

non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16:

neglegentior in patrem,

Just. 32, 3, 1:

in quem omnes intenderat curas,

Curt. 3, 1, 21:

quos ardere in proelia vidi,

Verg. A. 2, 347:

in bellum ardentes,

Manil. 4, 220:

nutante in fugam exercitu,

Flor. 3, 10, 4:

in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam vobis paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.),

Liv. 21, 43, 7:

certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent,

id. 21, 45, 4:

in id sors dejecta,

id. 21, 42, 2:

in id fide accepta,

id. 28, 17, 9:

in spem pacis solutis animis,

id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.:

ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc.,

Hor. Epod. 17, 63:

nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 16, 3:

alius non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in quod tum missi?

Just. 38, 3, 4.—So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind:

in obsequium plus aequo pronus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10:

paratus in res novas,

Tac. H. 4, 32:

in utrumque paratus,

Verg. A. 2, 61.—

Of the result of an act or effort:

denique in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit,

Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

paratusque miles, ut ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret,

Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, Verg. A. 6, 42:

portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum,

id. ib. 3, 533:

populum in obsequia principum formavit,

Just. 3, 2, 9:

omnium partium decus in mercedem conruptum erat,

Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch:

commutari ex veris in falsa,

Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18:

in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est,

Curt. 3, 8, 20.—

Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one (first in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere,

Liv. 39, 26, 12:

pugnaturi in gratiam ducis,

id. 28, 21, 4:

quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16:

oratio habita in sexus honorem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

convivium in honorem victoriae,

id. 11, 2, 12:

in honorem Quadratillae,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7:

in honorem tuum,

Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.—

In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail (cf.: e re esse;

opp.: contra rem esse): ut aequom est, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

si in rem est Bacchidis,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7:

hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt,

Liv. 26, 44, 7:

cetera, quae cognosse in rem erat,

id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3:

in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.:

in duas res magnas id usui fore,

Liv. 37, 15, 7:

in hos usus,

Verg. A. 4, 647.—

To form adverbial expressions:

non nominatim, qui Capuae, sed in universum qui usquam coissent, etc.,

in general, Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.:

terra etsi aliquanto specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

Tac. G. 5:

in universum aestimanti, etc.,

id. ib. 6:

aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere),

wholly, entirely, Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2:

in plenum dici potest, etc.,

fully, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217:

Marii virtutem in majus celebrare,

beyond due bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5:

aliter se corpus habere atque consuevit, neque in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius,

for the worse, for the better, Cels. 2, 2:

in deterius,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in mollius,

id. ib. 14, 39:

quid enim est iracundia in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: civitas saepta muris neque in barbarum corrupta (v. barbarus),

Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.:

aucto in barbarum cognomento,

id. H. 5, 2:

priusquam id sors cerneret, in incertum, ne quid gratia momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni,

while the matter was uncertain, Liv. 43, 12, 2:

nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos In tantum spe tollet avos,

so much, Verg. A. 6, 876:

in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.:

quaedam (aquae) fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 24:

viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest,

Vell. 2, 43, 4:

quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit,

Ov. M. 11, 71:

meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus,

in all respects, Vell. 2, 13:

ut simul in omnia paremur,

Quint. 11, 3, 25:

in antecessum dare,

beforehand, Sen. Ep. 118.—

Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one ' s power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one ' s mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.:

quod, qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38:

ut portus in potestatem Locrensium esset,

Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4:

eam optimam rem publicam esse duco, quae sit in potestatem optimorum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

neque enim sunt motus in nostram potestatem,

Quint. 6, 2, 29:

numero mihi in mentem fuit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

ecquid in mentem est tibi?

id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53:

nec prius surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, quam, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 16:

quod satis in usum fuit, sublato, ceterum omne incensum est,

Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum [p. 914] jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108:

M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodiam habitum,

put in prison, kept in prison, Liv. 22, 25, 6:

reliquos in custodiam habitos,

Tac. H. 1, 87.—So rarely with other verbs:

pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestatem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8. —

In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello.—As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.

in (before b and p, im; before l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these consonants), an inseparable particle [kindred with Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. a-, an; Goth. and Germ. un-], which negatives the meaning of the noun or participle with which it is connected; Engl. un-, in-, not: impar, unequal: intolerabilis, unbearable, intolerable: immitis, not mild, rude, etc.

incĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 (archaic incepsit inceperit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.), v. a. and n. [in-capio; lit., to seize upon, lay hold of; opp. to desinere; hence, with the accessory idea of action), to begin to do something, to take in hand (syn. incoho; in class. prose, viz. in Cic., only in the tempp. press., while coepi is used in the tempp. perff.); constr. usually with the inf., less freq. absol., with the acc., ab, or adv. of place or time.

With inf.:

ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant vel certe timere desistant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

huic incipio sententiae diffidere,

id. ib. 5, 1, 3:

prius quam incipit tinnire,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 42:

bella gerere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

leges neglegere,

id. Rep. 1, 43 fin.:

queri cum multis incipiunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:

nimis cito diligere,

id. Lael. 21, 78:

amare aliquem,

id. ib. 16, 60:

fossas complere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 51, 4:

rem frumentariam expedire,

id. B. C. 1, 54, 4:

triplicem aciem ducere,

id. ib. 1, 64, 7;

2, 30, 1: cum maturescere frumenta inciperent,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 49, 1:

cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet,

id. B. G. 2, 2, 2; cf.:

ictus erat, qua crus esse incipit,

Ov. M. 6, 255; 8, 474; 15, 256:

opes pellere dominatione,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 3:

si res explicare incipiam,

Nep. Pelop. 1:

Bessus agere gratias incipit,

Curt. 5, 12, 1:

cenare,

Suet. Aug. 74:

promovere scalas,

Tac. A. 15, 4 fin.:

si dormire incipis ortu luciferi,

Juv. 8, 11:

male quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id efficere perpetrat, etc.... Si bene facere incepit, etc. (shortly afterward, occeperunt),

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12 and 14:

satis nequam sum, utpote qui hodie inceperim Amare,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 5.—

Absol.:

ut incipiendi ratio fuerit, ita sit desinendi modus,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 135; cf. Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1; Sen. Ep. 116:

dum incipimus,

Quint. 11, 3, 144:

dum deliberamus, quando incipiendum sit, incipere jam serum est,

id. 12, 6, 3:

in incipiendo, etc.,

id. 11, 1, 6: ac statim sic rex incipit, thus begins (to speak), Sall. J. 109 fin.; cf.:

nec sic incipies, ut scriptor cyclicus olim: Fortunam Priami, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 136:

sic incipit, with a foll. direct quotation,

id. S. 2, 6, 79; Ov. M. 9, 281;

and simply incipit,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

sapere aude, Incipe,

make a beginning, begin, id. Ep. 1, 2, 41; Juv. 4, 34:

priusquam incipias, consulto opus est,

Sall. C. 1, 6:

turpe inceptu est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16:

incipientes atque adhuc teneri (pueri),

who are beginning to learn, beginners, Quint. 1, 2, 26:

incipiens,

id. 2, 5, 18; 2, 6, 5; 8 prooem. § 1; 3;

10, 7, 18: quoties madidum ver incipit,

Juv. 9, 52 al. —

With acc. (once in Cic., once in Cæs., v. infra):

facinus audax incipit,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 1:

facinus,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

pugilatum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13:

iter,

id. Cas. 4, 4, 2:

aliquid novi negotii,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 29:

bellum (opp. deponere),

Sall. J. 83, 1:

tam prava,

id. ib. 64, 2:

indigna nobis,

id. H. 2, 41, 8:

opus,

Liv. 7, 34, 13:

bellum,

id. 21, 21, 6; 26, 37, 9; 42, 43, 3:

sementem,

Verg. G. 1, 230:

Maenalios versus,

id. E. 8, 21:

si id facere non potueris, quod, ut opinio mea fert, ne incipies quidem,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48; Quint. 1, 12, 5:

iter mihi incepi,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 16:

tantum incepi operis,

id. Men. 2, 3, 80:

mandata,

Tac. A. 12, 10; 4, 46:

auspicia a parricidio,

Just. 26, 2 init.: multa, Cat. ap. Gell. 16, 14, 2.— Pass.:

tanta incepta res est,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 31:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17; 3, 3, 7:

si inceptam oppugnationem reliquissent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 6:

quia dici extremum erat, proelium non inceptum,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

proelium incipitur,

id. ib. 57, 3;

74, 2: saxis proelium incipitur,

Tac. H. 5, 17:

satis cito incipi victoriam,

id. ib. 2, 25; id. A. 2, 5; 2, 76; 12, 67 fin.:

iter inceptum celerant,

Verg. A. 8, 90:

inceptumque decurre laborem,

id. G. 2, 39:

inceptum frustra summitte furorem,

id. A. 12, 832:

deus me vetat Inceptos iambos Ad umbilicum adducere,

Hor. Epod. 14, 7:

in re incipiunda ad defendendam noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

in contentionibus aut incipiendis aut finiendis,

Quint. 11, 3, 128:

a tantis princeps incipiendus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 570.—

With ab or an adv. of place or time:

a Jove incipiendum putat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36 (acc. to the Gr. of Aratus, ek Dios archômestha):

ab illis incipit uxor,

Juv. 6, 348; Quint. 10, 1, 46:

incipiamus ab iis,

id. 9, 2, 6:

semper ab excusatione aetatis incipientem,

id. 6, 3, 76:

potissimum incipiam ab ea parte,

id. 3, 7, 1:

optime manus a sinistra parte incipit, in dextra deponitur,

id. 11, 3, 106:

amicitia incepta a parvis cum aetate accrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7.— Pass. impers.:

optime incipitur a longis, recte aliquando a brevibus,

Quint. 9, 4, 92.

Neutr., to begin to be, to begin, commence (rare but class.); constr. with abl. instrum., or absol.

With abl.:

tertius sinus Acrocerauniis incipit montibus,

Plin. 4, 1, 1, § 1:

censere ut principium anni inciperet mense Decembri,

Tac. A. 13, 10:

verbum petere quo incipiant,

Quint. 10, 7, 21.—

Absol.:

cum ver esse coeperat... cum rosam viderat, tum incipere ver arbitrabatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27:

quoties incipit sensus aut desinit,

Quint. 9, 4, 67:

hic annus incipit vicesimus,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 3:

narrationis incipit mihi initium,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 26:

jam tum inceperat turba inter eos,

id. Eun. 4, 4, 58:

tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegris Incipit,

Verg. A. 2, 269:

mox Idumaea incipit et Palaestina,

Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68:

epistula, quam incipiente febricula scripseras,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2:

incipientes curas principis onerari,

Tac. A. 1, 19:

incipiens adhuc et nondum adulta seditio,

id. H. 1, 31:

incipiens omnia sentit amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 648:

Menander Syracusanus incipientis juventae,

Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 14:

incipiente aestate,

id. 27, 13, 109, § 133:

trixago incipientibus hydropicis efficax,

id. 24, 15, 80, § 131:

quem (honorem) et incipientes principes et desinentes adeo concupis cunt ut auferant,

Plin. Pan. 57.—Hence, in-ceptum, i, n., a beginning, attempt, undertaking (freq. in historians and poets, but not in Cæs.;

also rare in Cic.): cujus ego non modo factum, sed inceptum ullum conatumve contra patriam deprehendero,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

servetur ad imum, Qualis ab incepto processerit (persona),

from the beginning onwards, Hor. A. P. 127: permanere in incepto, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14 fin.:

a quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat,

Sall. C. 4, 2:

cujus neque consilium neque inceptum ullum frustra erat,

id. J. 7, 6; cf.:

ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret,

the subject, id. ib. 7 fin.:

absistere incepto,

Liv. 31, 26, 5:

desistere incepto,

Verg. A. 1, 37:

haerere in incepto,

id. ib. 2, 654:

peragere inceptum,

id. ib. 4, 452; cf.:

perficere inceptum,

Sall. J. 11 fin.:

piget incepti,

Verg. A. 5, 678:

nunc ad inceptum redeo,

Sall. J. 4, 9; 42, 5:

turpe inceptum est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16.— In plur.:

cupidus incepta patrandi,

Sall. J. 70, 5:

juventus Catilinae inceptis favebat,

id. C. 17, 6:

incepta mea inpedivit,

id. H. 4, 61, 12; cf.:

inceptis annue, diva, meis,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 56; and:

di nostra incepta secundent,

Verg. A. 7, 259:

gravia et magna professa,

Hor. A. P. 14.

missus, a, um, Part., from mitto.

missus, ūs, m. [mitto], a sending away, a sending, despatching.

Lit.

missu Caesaris ad Ambiorigem ventitare consueverat, Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

duas venisse legiones missu Caesaris,

id. ib. 6, 7:

Archippi regis missu,

Verg. A. 7, 752: quae valido venit contorta falarica missu, Enn. ap. Non. 555, 15 (Ann. v. 534 Vahl.).—

A throwing, hurling, launching:

pilum, haud paulo quam hasta vehementius ictu missuque telum,

Liv. 9, 19, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.: telorum, Auct. B. Hisp. 17, 3; 31, 1.—

Transf.

A cast, a shot:

vix absunt nobis missus bis mille sagittae,

Lucr. 4, 408.—

In the public games, a course, a round, a heat:

spectaculum multiplicatis missibus in serum produxit,

Suet. Ner. 22; id. Dom. 4: unus est missus qui ordinarius dicitur, Schol. Juv. 11, 193.—

At table, a course:

novem libras carnis per tres missus ponebat,

Capitol. Pert. 12; Lampr. Heliog. 30.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.

Posit.:

cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

in posterum diem distulit,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

postero die mane,

id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

posterā Crescam laude,

in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

posteri dies,

unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,

Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

posterūm gloria,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

postero, for postero die,

on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

quam minimum credula postero,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

in posterum oppugnationem differt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

in posterum confirmat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

multum in posterum providerunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

longe in posterum prospicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—

Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—

Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.

Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

id. Or. 6, 21:

ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

genua,

id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

Ov. F. 4, 718:

posteriores cogitationes,

afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

id. Brut. 11, 48:

quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—

Subst.

postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

posterius dicere,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

jubet posterius ad se reverti,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—

Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —

Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.

postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

acies,

the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

in postremo libro,

at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

mense postremo,

Pall. 7, 2:

munus, i. e. exsequiae,

the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

nec postrema cura,

not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

Pall. 12, 22.—

Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

postremum genus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

servitus postremum malorum omnium,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

App. Mag. p. 336.—

po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

postuma spes,

the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—

Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

de postumo corporis,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

prō-trăho, xi, ctum, 3 (sync. form protraxtis for protraxistis, Sil. 16, 84.— Inf. protraxe for protraxisse, Lucr. 5, 1159), v. a., to draw or drag forth, to bring forth or out, pull out, to draw to a place (class.; cf.: promo, profero).

Lit., Cels. 7, 12, 1:

aliquem e tentorio,

Tac. H. 4, 27:

me istam capillo protracturum in viam,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 58:

aliquem hinc in convivium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 24:

Calchanta in medios,

Verg. A. 2, 123:

aliquem in medium manibus suis,

Suet. Ner. 53:

ad operas mercenarias statim protrahi,

Cic. Phil. 1, 9, 22:

pedibusque informe cadaver (Caci) Protrahitur,

Verg. A. 8, 265:

multa siti protracta corpora,

Lucr. 6, 1264:

e tentorio,

Tac. H. 4, 27.—

Trop.

In gen., to drag forth, to draw or bring anywhere:

aliquid in lucem,

Lucr. 4, 1189:

ad gestum pueros,

id. 5, 1031:

quidquid paulatim protrahit aetas In medium,

id. 5, 1387 dub. (v. Lachm. II. p. 346):

indicem ad indicium,

Liv. 33, 28:

nudi in medium protrahebantur,

id. 28, 29. —

In partic.

To bring to light, discover, disclose, reveal, expose, betray:

auctorem nefandi facinoris,

Liv. 45, 5:

inimicum,

id. 44, 26:

facinus per indicium,

id. 27, 3:

publicanorum fraudes,

Vell. 2, 92, 2:

nec meus indicio latitantes versus amicus Protraheret,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 71.—

To lengthen out any thing as to time, to prolong, protract, defer (post-Aug.;

syn.: produco, propago): protrahere ac differre stipendia militum,

Suet. Ner. 32:

convivia in primam lucem,

id. Caes. 52; cf.:

epulas a medio die ad mediam noctem,

id. Ner. 27:

in serum dimicatione protractā,

id. Aug. 17:

sermones,

Vulg. Act. 20, 7.— Pass. in mid. force: quid diutius protrahor? why dwell longer on this? Vop. Tac. 6.— Absol.:

quinque horas protraxit,

i. e. he lingered for five hours, Suet. Ner. 33 fin. —

To weary, detain too long:

ne diutius te protraham,

Vulg. Act. 24, 4.—

To extend, increase (post-class.):

utrum hoc usque ad Graecum sermonem tantum protrahimus, an verum et ad alium... dubitari potest,

Dig. 45, 1, 1 fin.:

insolentiam,

Val. Max. 1, 5, 8 (al. pertraheret).—

To bring or reduce to:

ad paupertatem protractus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 72.