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sălĭo

  • 1 saliō

        saliō uī, saltus, īre    [2 SAL-], to leap, spring, bound, jump, hop: calamo salientes ducere pisces, O.: de muro, L.: in aquas, O.: ultra Limites clientium, H.: per praecipitia, L.: multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando, V.: Farre pio et saliente micā, H.—Fig.: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, H.
    * * *
    I
    salire, salivi, salitus V TRANS
    salt, salt down, preserve with salt; sprinkle before sacrifice
    II
    salire, salivi, saltus V
    leap, jump; move suddenly/spasmodically (part of body under stress), twitch; spurt, discharge, be ejected under force (water/fluid); mount/cover (by stud)
    III
    salire, salui, saltus V
    leap, jump; move suddenly/spasmodically (part of body under stress), twitch; spurt, discharge, be ejected under force (water/fluid); mount/cover (by stud)

    Latin-English dictionary > saliō

  • 2 salio

    1.
    sălĭo ( sall-), no perf., ītum, 4 (collat. form sălo or sallo, no perf., salsum, 3: salunt, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.: salerent, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 909: salere, Lucil. ib.: salsurus, Mummius ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.; part. salsus, v. infra P. a.), v. a. [id.].
    I.
    To salt down, to salt: pernas, Cato ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 2 fin.:

    oleas caducas,

    Cato, R. R. 23, 1: pisces, Sisenn. ap. Prisc. p. 909 P.; Cels. 2, 18: saliturus istaec mittam salem, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.: saliti pumiliones, Corn. Sev. ib.; so in part. perf.: caro salita, Fabian. ap. Diom. p. 372:

    thynnus,

    Col. 6, 32, 2 et saep.; Vulg. Ezech. 16, 4.—
    II.
    To sprinkle before sacrifice (eccl. Lat.):

    omnis victima sale salietur,

    Vulg. Marc. 9, 48; cf.:

    igne salietur,

    id. ib. — Hence, salsus, a, um, P. a., salted, salt.
    A.
    Lit., Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 6:

    hoc salsum'st,

    is too salt, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71:

    caseus,

    Col. 12, 59, 1:

    fruges (as a sacrifice),

    Verg. A. 2, 133; cf.

    farra,

    Ov. F. 3, 284 (v. mola):

    (gravidae) salsioribus cibis usae,

    Plin. 7, 6, 5, § 42:

    salsissimus sal qui siccissimus,

    id. 31, 7, 41, § 85.—A poet. epithet of the sea, of blood, of tears, etc., salt, briny: mare, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 453 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.); cf.

    aequor,

    Lucr. 3, 493; 5, 128; 6, 634:

    vada,

    Cat. 64, 6; Verg. A. 5, 158:

    e salso momine ponti,

    Lucr. 6, 474:

    fluctus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:

    undae,

    Lucr. 6, 891; 6, 894:

    gurges,

    id. 5, 482;

    hence, comically, of shipwrecked persons,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; 2, 6, 33: sanguis, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.); Att. ap. Non. 192, 2: heu! qui salsis fluctibus mandet me? id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. v. 562 Rib.):

    lacrimae,

    Lucr. 1,125; 1, 920; cf.: guttae lacrimarum, Att. ap. Non. 503, 29:

    sputa,

    Lucr. 6, 1189:

    sudor,

    Verg. A. 2, 173:

    rubigo,

    id. G. 2, 220.—In plur. subst.: salsa, ōrum, n., salted things, salted food, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 32.— Sup. salsissimus;

    hence, mare salsissimum,

    the Dead Sea, Vulg. Num. 34, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    Trop. (acc. to sal, II.), sharp, acute, witty, facetious (syn.:

    facetus, dicax, lepidus, urbanus): accedunt non Attici, sed salsiores quam illi Atticorum, Romani veteres atque urbani sales,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

    genus est perelegans et cum gravitate salsum, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 67, 270 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 63, 255; 2, 56, 228; id. Or. 26, 90: salsum in consuetudine pro ridiculo tantum accepimus. Quint. 6, 3, 18 sq.; 6, 3, 39:

    salso multoque fluenti (sermone) regerit convicia,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 28; 1, 9, 65.—In neutr. plur. subst.:

    inveni ridicula et salsa multa Graecorum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 217: De Êrakleideihô Varronis, negotia salsa, are humorous, merry stories, id. Att. 16, 12 fin. —Of persons:

    esse quamvis facetum atque salsum, non nimis est per se ipsum invidendum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; id. Phil. 2, 17, 42; Cat. 14, 16.— Adv.: salsē, wittily, acutely, facetiously (acc. to B.):

    dicere aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 275; Quint. 6, 3, 13; 6, 3, 30; 6, 3, 89; 6, 3, 101. — Sup. salsissime, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.
    2.
    sălĭo, ŭi (cf. Diom. p. 371 P.; Prisc. p. 906 P.; Serv. Verg. A. 3, 416:

    salii,

    Stat. S. 1, 2, 210; id. Th. 9, 132; Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 20, § 31:

    salivi,

    Serv. Verg. G. 2, 384), saltum, 4 ( gen. plur. part. pres. salientum, Lucr. 4, 1200), v. n. and a. [kindr. with Sanscr. sar-, sal-, to go, and Gr. hallomai; cf. salax].
    I.
    Neutr., to leap, spring, bound, jump (cf. tripudio), hop.
    A.
    Lit. (class.):

    ambulant aliquae (aves), ut cornices: saliunt aliae, ut passeres, merulae, etc.,

    Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:

    saliendo sese exercebant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Mil. 2, 3, 8:

    calamo salientes ducere pisces,

    Ov. M. 3, 587:

    vexare uterum pueris salientibus,

    Juv. 6, 599 et saep.:

    saxo salire,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31; cf.:

    de muro (with praecipitari),

    Liv. 25, 24: praecipites in puteum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:

    in aquas,

    Ov. Ib. 554:

    super vallum,

    Liv. 25, 39:

    super scuta,

    on the shields, Flor. 3, 10, 13:

    ultra Limites clientium Salis avarus,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 26:

    saliet, tundet pede terram,

    id. A. P. 430:

    salias terrae gravis,

    id. Ep. 1, 14, 26:

    per praecipitia et praerupta,

    Liv. 27, 18:

    per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos,

    Ov. F. 4, 805:

    unctos saluere per utres,

    Verg. G. 2, 384:

    medio cum saluere foro,

    Prop. 4 (5), 5, 52:

    saliunt in gurgite ranae,

    Ov. M. 6, 381. —
    2.
    Transf., of things: ut habeat lacum, ubi aqua saliat, leaps or flows down, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3:

    ut in culleum de dolio vinum salire possit,

    Cato, R. R. 154:

    personae e quarum rostris aqua salire solet,

    Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.; so,

    rivus,

    Verg. E. 5, 47:

    aqua,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25; Suet. Aug. 82:

    aquae salientes,

    Front. Aquaed. 9 al.:

    aqua saliens,

    spring-water, Vulg. Johan. 4, 14; v. also infra, P. a.:

    multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando,

    Verg. G. 1, 449; so,

    grando,

    Ov. M. 14, 543:

    farre pio placant et saliente sale,

    Tib. 3, 4, 10; cf.:

    farre pio et saliente micā,

    Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:

    farra micaeque salientis honorem,

    Ov. F. 4,409:

    cor salit,

    leaps, beats, palpitates, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 62; cf. id. Cist. 2, 3, 9; Pers. 3, 111; Sen. Herc. Oet. 708; Verg. G. 3, 460:

    pectora trepido motu,

    Ov. M. 8, 606:

    viscera,

    id. ib. 6, 390:

    temptatae pollice venae,

    id. ib. 10, 289; cf. id. H. 20, 139:

    supercilium,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 105:

    e terrāque exorta repente arbusta salirent,

    Lucr. 1, 187.—
    * B.
    Trop.:

    aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 34.—
    II.
    Act., of the copulation of animals, to leap, cover, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 14; 2, 4, 8; 2, 7, 8 sq.; 3, 6, 3; 3, 10, 3; Ov. A. A. 2, 485; Lucr. 4, 1196.—Hence, sălĭens, entis, P. a.; only in plur. subst.: sălĭentes, ĭum, f. (sc. aquae), springs, fountains, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; Vitr. 8, 3, 6; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121; Front. Aquaed. 9; 87 fin.; 103; 104; Dig. 19, 1, 15 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > salio

  • 3 adsilio

    as-sĭlĭo ( ads-, Kayser; ads- and as-, Merk.), sĭlui (cf. Prisc. p. 906 P., and Jahn ad Ov. M. 11, 526), sultum, 4, v. n. [2. salio], to leap or spring to or upon something.
    I.
    Lit. (most freq. poet.):

    Cum saepe adsiluit defensae moenibus urbis,

    Ov. M. 11, 526:

    adsiliens admissarius,

    Col. 6, 37, 9:

    torpedo adsultantes pisciculos attrahens, donec tam prope accedant, ut adsiliat,

    Plin. 9, 42, 67, § 143; Val. Fl. 1, 257:

    in ferrum,

    Sil. 10, 2 et saep.— Poet. freq. of water, to leap or dash against or upon a thing (cf. 2. salio):

    tactumque vereri Assilientis aquae,

    Ov. M. 6, 107, and id. F. 5, 612:

    Adsiliunt fluctus,

    id. ib. 3, 591:

    (insulae) quas spumifer adsilit Aegon,

    Stat. Th. 5, 56 al. —
    II.
    Trop.: nam neque adsiliendum statim est ad genus illud orationis, to jump to, * Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 213; Sen. Contr. 5 praef.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adsilio

  • 4 assilio

    as-sĭlĭo ( ads-, Kayser; ads- and as-, Merk.), sĭlui (cf. Prisc. p. 906 P., and Jahn ad Ov. M. 11, 526), sultum, 4, v. n. [2. salio], to leap or spring to or upon something.
    I.
    Lit. (most freq. poet.):

    Cum saepe adsiluit defensae moenibus urbis,

    Ov. M. 11, 526:

    adsiliens admissarius,

    Col. 6, 37, 9:

    torpedo adsultantes pisciculos attrahens, donec tam prope accedant, ut adsiliat,

    Plin. 9, 42, 67, § 143; Val. Fl. 1, 257:

    in ferrum,

    Sil. 10, 2 et saep.— Poet. freq. of water, to leap or dash against or upon a thing (cf. 2. salio):

    tactumque vereri Assilientis aquae,

    Ov. M. 6, 107, and id. F. 5, 612:

    Adsiliunt fluctus,

    id. ib. 3, 591:

    (insulae) quas spumifer adsilit Aegon,

    Stat. Th. 5, 56 al. —
    II.
    Trop.: nam neque adsiliendum statim est ad genus illud orationis, to jump to, * Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 213; Sen. Contr. 5 praef.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > assilio

  • 5 saliens

    1.
    sălĭo ( sall-), no perf., ītum, 4 (collat. form sălo or sallo, no perf., salsum, 3: salunt, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.: salerent, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 909: salere, Lucil. ib.: salsurus, Mummius ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.; part. salsus, v. infra P. a.), v. a. [id.].
    I.
    To salt down, to salt: pernas, Cato ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 2 fin.:

    oleas caducas,

    Cato, R. R. 23, 1: pisces, Sisenn. ap. Prisc. p. 909 P.; Cels. 2, 18: saliturus istaec mittam salem, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.: saliti pumiliones, Corn. Sev. ib.; so in part. perf.: caro salita, Fabian. ap. Diom. p. 372:

    thynnus,

    Col. 6, 32, 2 et saep.; Vulg. Ezech. 16, 4.—
    II.
    To sprinkle before sacrifice (eccl. Lat.):

    omnis victima sale salietur,

    Vulg. Marc. 9, 48; cf.:

    igne salietur,

    id. ib. — Hence, salsus, a, um, P. a., salted, salt.
    A.
    Lit., Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 6:

    hoc salsum'st,

    is too salt, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71:

    caseus,

    Col. 12, 59, 1:

    fruges (as a sacrifice),

    Verg. A. 2, 133; cf.

    farra,

    Ov. F. 3, 284 (v. mola):

    (gravidae) salsioribus cibis usae,

    Plin. 7, 6, 5, § 42:

    salsissimus sal qui siccissimus,

    id. 31, 7, 41, § 85.—A poet. epithet of the sea, of blood, of tears, etc., salt, briny: mare, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 453 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.); cf.

    aequor,

    Lucr. 3, 493; 5, 128; 6, 634:

    vada,

    Cat. 64, 6; Verg. A. 5, 158:

    e salso momine ponti,

    Lucr. 6, 474:

    fluctus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:

    undae,

    Lucr. 6, 891; 6, 894:

    gurges,

    id. 5, 482;

    hence, comically, of shipwrecked persons,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; 2, 6, 33: sanguis, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.); Att. ap. Non. 192, 2: heu! qui salsis fluctibus mandet me? id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. v. 562 Rib.):

    lacrimae,

    Lucr. 1,125; 1, 920; cf.: guttae lacrimarum, Att. ap. Non. 503, 29:

    sputa,

    Lucr. 6, 1189:

    sudor,

    Verg. A. 2, 173:

    rubigo,

    id. G. 2, 220.—In plur. subst.: salsa, ōrum, n., salted things, salted food, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 32.— Sup. salsissimus;

    hence, mare salsissimum,

    the Dead Sea, Vulg. Num. 34, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    Trop. (acc. to sal, II.), sharp, acute, witty, facetious (syn.:

    facetus, dicax, lepidus, urbanus): accedunt non Attici, sed salsiores quam illi Atticorum, Romani veteres atque urbani sales,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

    genus est perelegans et cum gravitate salsum, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 67, 270 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 63, 255; 2, 56, 228; id. Or. 26, 90: salsum in consuetudine pro ridiculo tantum accepimus. Quint. 6, 3, 18 sq.; 6, 3, 39:

    salso multoque fluenti (sermone) regerit convicia,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 28; 1, 9, 65.—In neutr. plur. subst.:

    inveni ridicula et salsa multa Graecorum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 217: De Êrakleideihô Varronis, negotia salsa, are humorous, merry stories, id. Att. 16, 12 fin. —Of persons:

    esse quamvis facetum atque salsum, non nimis est per se ipsum invidendum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; id. Phil. 2, 17, 42; Cat. 14, 16.— Adv.: salsē, wittily, acutely, facetiously (acc. to B.):

    dicere aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 275; Quint. 6, 3, 13; 6, 3, 30; 6, 3, 89; 6, 3, 101. — Sup. salsissime, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.
    2.
    sălĭo, ŭi (cf. Diom. p. 371 P.; Prisc. p. 906 P.; Serv. Verg. A. 3, 416:

    salii,

    Stat. S. 1, 2, 210; id. Th. 9, 132; Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 20, § 31:

    salivi,

    Serv. Verg. G. 2, 384), saltum, 4 ( gen. plur. part. pres. salientum, Lucr. 4, 1200), v. n. and a. [kindr. with Sanscr. sar-, sal-, to go, and Gr. hallomai; cf. salax].
    I.
    Neutr., to leap, spring, bound, jump (cf. tripudio), hop.
    A.
    Lit. (class.):

    ambulant aliquae (aves), ut cornices: saliunt aliae, ut passeres, merulae, etc.,

    Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:

    saliendo sese exercebant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Mil. 2, 3, 8:

    calamo salientes ducere pisces,

    Ov. M. 3, 587:

    vexare uterum pueris salientibus,

    Juv. 6, 599 et saep.:

    saxo salire,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31; cf.:

    de muro (with praecipitari),

    Liv. 25, 24: praecipites in puteum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:

    in aquas,

    Ov. Ib. 554:

    super vallum,

    Liv. 25, 39:

    super scuta,

    on the shields, Flor. 3, 10, 13:

    ultra Limites clientium Salis avarus,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 26:

    saliet, tundet pede terram,

    id. A. P. 430:

    salias terrae gravis,

    id. Ep. 1, 14, 26:

    per praecipitia et praerupta,

    Liv. 27, 18:

    per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos,

    Ov. F. 4, 805:

    unctos saluere per utres,

    Verg. G. 2, 384:

    medio cum saluere foro,

    Prop. 4 (5), 5, 52:

    saliunt in gurgite ranae,

    Ov. M. 6, 381. —
    2.
    Transf., of things: ut habeat lacum, ubi aqua saliat, leaps or flows down, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3:

    ut in culleum de dolio vinum salire possit,

    Cato, R. R. 154:

    personae e quarum rostris aqua salire solet,

    Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.; so,

    rivus,

    Verg. E. 5, 47:

    aqua,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25; Suet. Aug. 82:

    aquae salientes,

    Front. Aquaed. 9 al.:

    aqua saliens,

    spring-water, Vulg. Johan. 4, 14; v. also infra, P. a.:

    multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando,

    Verg. G. 1, 449; so,

    grando,

    Ov. M. 14, 543:

    farre pio placant et saliente sale,

    Tib. 3, 4, 10; cf.:

    farre pio et saliente micā,

    Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:

    farra micaeque salientis honorem,

    Ov. F. 4,409:

    cor salit,

    leaps, beats, palpitates, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 62; cf. id. Cist. 2, 3, 9; Pers. 3, 111; Sen. Herc. Oet. 708; Verg. G. 3, 460:

    pectora trepido motu,

    Ov. M. 8, 606:

    viscera,

    id. ib. 6, 390:

    temptatae pollice venae,

    id. ib. 10, 289; cf. id. H. 20, 139:

    supercilium,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 105:

    e terrāque exorta repente arbusta salirent,

    Lucr. 1, 187.—
    * B.
    Trop.:

    aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 34.—
    II.
    Act., of the copulation of animals, to leap, cover, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 14; 2, 4, 8; 2, 7, 8 sq.; 3, 6, 3; 3, 10, 3; Ov. A. A. 2, 485; Lucr. 4, 1196.—Hence, sălĭens, entis, P. a.; only in plur. subst.: sălĭentes, ĭum, f. (sc. aquae), springs, fountains, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; Vitr. 8, 3, 6; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121; Front. Aquaed. 9; 87 fin.; 103; 104; Dig. 19, 1, 15 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > saliens

  • 6 salsa

    1.
    sălĭo ( sall-), no perf., ītum, 4 (collat. form sălo or sallo, no perf., salsum, 3: salunt, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.: salerent, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 909: salere, Lucil. ib.: salsurus, Mummius ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.; part. salsus, v. infra P. a.), v. a. [id.].
    I.
    To salt down, to salt: pernas, Cato ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 2 fin.:

    oleas caducas,

    Cato, R. R. 23, 1: pisces, Sisenn. ap. Prisc. p. 909 P.; Cels. 2, 18: saliturus istaec mittam salem, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.: saliti pumiliones, Corn. Sev. ib.; so in part. perf.: caro salita, Fabian. ap. Diom. p. 372:

    thynnus,

    Col. 6, 32, 2 et saep.; Vulg. Ezech. 16, 4.—
    II.
    To sprinkle before sacrifice (eccl. Lat.):

    omnis victima sale salietur,

    Vulg. Marc. 9, 48; cf.:

    igne salietur,

    id. ib. — Hence, salsus, a, um, P. a., salted, salt.
    A.
    Lit., Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 6:

    hoc salsum'st,

    is too salt, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71:

    caseus,

    Col. 12, 59, 1:

    fruges (as a sacrifice),

    Verg. A. 2, 133; cf.

    farra,

    Ov. F. 3, 284 (v. mola):

    (gravidae) salsioribus cibis usae,

    Plin. 7, 6, 5, § 42:

    salsissimus sal qui siccissimus,

    id. 31, 7, 41, § 85.—A poet. epithet of the sea, of blood, of tears, etc., salt, briny: mare, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 453 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.); cf.

    aequor,

    Lucr. 3, 493; 5, 128; 6, 634:

    vada,

    Cat. 64, 6; Verg. A. 5, 158:

    e salso momine ponti,

    Lucr. 6, 474:

    fluctus,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:

    undae,

    Lucr. 6, 891; 6, 894:

    gurges,

    id. 5, 482;

    hence, comically, of shipwrecked persons,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; 2, 6, 33: sanguis, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.); Att. ap. Non. 192, 2: heu! qui salsis fluctibus mandet me? id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. v. 562 Rib.):

    lacrimae,

    Lucr. 1,125; 1, 920; cf.: guttae lacrimarum, Att. ap. Non. 503, 29:

    sputa,

    Lucr. 6, 1189:

    sudor,

    Verg. A. 2, 173:

    rubigo,

    id. G. 2, 220.—In plur. subst.: salsa, ōrum, n., salted things, salted food, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 32.— Sup. salsissimus;

    hence, mare salsissimum,

    the Dead Sea, Vulg. Num. 34, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    Trop. (acc. to sal, II.), sharp, acute, witty, facetious (syn.:

    facetus, dicax, lepidus, urbanus): accedunt non Attici, sed salsiores quam illi Atticorum, Romani veteres atque urbani sales,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

    genus est perelegans et cum gravitate salsum, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 67, 270 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 63, 255; 2, 56, 228; id. Or. 26, 90: salsum in consuetudine pro ridiculo tantum accepimus. Quint. 6, 3, 18 sq.; 6, 3, 39:

    salso multoque fluenti (sermone) regerit convicia,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 28; 1, 9, 65.—In neutr. plur. subst.:

    inveni ridicula et salsa multa Graecorum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 217: De Êrakleideihô Varronis, negotia salsa, are humorous, merry stories, id. Att. 16, 12 fin. —Of persons:

    esse quamvis facetum atque salsum, non nimis est per se ipsum invidendum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; id. Phil. 2, 17, 42; Cat. 14, 16.— Adv.: salsē, wittily, acutely, facetiously (acc. to B.):

    dicere aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 275; Quint. 6, 3, 13; 6, 3, 30; 6, 3, 89; 6, 3, 101. — Sup. salsissime, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.
    2.
    sălĭo, ŭi (cf. Diom. p. 371 P.; Prisc. p. 906 P.; Serv. Verg. A. 3, 416:

    salii,

    Stat. S. 1, 2, 210; id. Th. 9, 132; Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 20, § 31:

    salivi,

    Serv. Verg. G. 2, 384), saltum, 4 ( gen. plur. part. pres. salientum, Lucr. 4, 1200), v. n. and a. [kindr. with Sanscr. sar-, sal-, to go, and Gr. hallomai; cf. salax].
    I.
    Neutr., to leap, spring, bound, jump (cf. tripudio), hop.
    A.
    Lit. (class.):

    ambulant aliquae (aves), ut cornices: saliunt aliae, ut passeres, merulae, etc.,

    Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:

    saliendo sese exercebant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Mil. 2, 3, 8:

    calamo salientes ducere pisces,

    Ov. M. 3, 587:

    vexare uterum pueris salientibus,

    Juv. 6, 599 et saep.:

    saxo salire,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31; cf.:

    de muro (with praecipitari),

    Liv. 25, 24: praecipites in puteum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:

    in aquas,

    Ov. Ib. 554:

    super vallum,

    Liv. 25, 39:

    super scuta,

    on the shields, Flor. 3, 10, 13:

    ultra Limites clientium Salis avarus,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 26:

    saliet, tundet pede terram,

    id. A. P. 430:

    salias terrae gravis,

    id. Ep. 1, 14, 26:

    per praecipitia et praerupta,

    Liv. 27, 18:

    per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos,

    Ov. F. 4, 805:

    unctos saluere per utres,

    Verg. G. 2, 384:

    medio cum saluere foro,

    Prop. 4 (5), 5, 52:

    saliunt in gurgite ranae,

    Ov. M. 6, 381. —
    2.
    Transf., of things: ut habeat lacum, ubi aqua saliat, leaps or flows down, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3:

    ut in culleum de dolio vinum salire possit,

    Cato, R. R. 154:

    personae e quarum rostris aqua salire solet,

    Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.; so,

    rivus,

    Verg. E. 5, 47:

    aqua,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25; Suet. Aug. 82:

    aquae salientes,

    Front. Aquaed. 9 al.:

    aqua saliens,

    spring-water, Vulg. Johan. 4, 14; v. also infra, P. a.:

    multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando,

    Verg. G. 1, 449; so,

    grando,

    Ov. M. 14, 543:

    farre pio placant et saliente sale,

    Tib. 3, 4, 10; cf.:

    farre pio et saliente micā,

    Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:

    farra micaeque salientis honorem,

    Ov. F. 4,409:

    cor salit,

    leaps, beats, palpitates, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 62; cf. id. Cist. 2, 3, 9; Pers. 3, 111; Sen. Herc. Oet. 708; Verg. G. 3, 460:

    pectora trepido motu,

    Ov. M. 8, 606:

    viscera,

    id. ib. 6, 390:

    temptatae pollice venae,

    id. ib. 10, 289; cf. id. H. 20, 139:

    supercilium,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 105:

    e terrāque exorta repente arbusta salirent,

    Lucr. 1, 187.—
    * B.
    Trop.:

    aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 34.—
    II.
    Act., of the copulation of animals, to leap, cover, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 14; 2, 4, 8; 2, 7, 8 sq.; 3, 6, 3; 3, 10, 3; Ov. A. A. 2, 485; Lucr. 4, 1196.—Hence, sălĭens, entis, P. a.; only in plur. subst.: sălĭentes, ĭum, f. (sc. aquae), springs, fountains, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; Vitr. 8, 3, 6; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121; Front. Aquaed. 9; 87 fin.; 103; 104; Dig. 19, 1, 15 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > salsa

  • 7 adsiliō (ass-)

        adsiliō (ass-) —, īre    [ad + salio], to leap at, spring upon: moenibus, O: tactus Adsilientis aquae, dashing up, O.— To pass suddenly: ad genus illud orationis.— To assault: viam, Ta.

    Latin-English dictionary > adsiliō (ass-)

  • 8 circumsiliō

        circumsiliō —, —, īre    [circum + salio], to leap around, dance around: circumsilit Morborum omne genus, Iu.
    * * *
    circumsilire, -, - V
    leap/spring/hop round

    Latin-English dictionary > circumsiliō

  • 9 dēsiliō

        dēsiliō iluī, ultus, īre    [de + salio], to leap down, dismount: de navibus, Cs.: de raedā: ex equis, Cs.: ab equo, V.: curru ab alto, O.: biiugis, V.: altis turribus, H.: in medias undas, O.: ad pedes, to dismount, Cs.: desilite commilitones, jump overboard, Cs.: Desiluit, dismounted, O.—Poet.: unde loquaces Lymphae desiliunt, H.: aetheriā domo (of lightning), Pr.—Fig., to leap headlong, venture heedlessly: in artum, H.
    * * *
    I
    desilire, desilivi, desultus V TRANS
    leap/jump down, dismount, alight; (chariot); jump headlong, venture heedlessly
    II
    desilire, desilui, desultus V TRANS
    leap/jump down, dismount, alight; (chariot); jump headlong, venture heedlessly
    III
    desilire, desului, desultus V TRANS
    leap/jump down, dismount, alight; (chariot); jump headlong, venture heedlessly

    Latin-English dictionary > dēsiliō

  • 10 dissiliō

        dissiliō uī, —, īre    [dis- + salio], to leap asunder, fly apart, burst, break up, split: mucro ictu dissiluit, V.: aera (sc. frigore), V.: Haec loca convolsa ruinā Dissiluisse ferunt, V.: Caput dissilire neniā, H.—Fig., to be broken, be dissolved: Gratia fratrum geminorum dissiluit, H.
    * * *
    dissilire, dissilui, - V
    fly/leap/burst apart; break up; be broken up; burst; split

    Latin-English dictionary > dissiliō

  • 11 exsiliō or exiliō

        exsiliō or exiliō iluī, —, īre    [ex + salio], to spring out, spring forth, leap up, start up, bound: ad te, T.: de sellā: domo levis exsilit, H.: protinus, O.: (anguis) in siccum, V.: gaudio: exsiluere oculi, started out, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > exsiliō or exiliō

  • 12 īnsiliō

        īnsiliō uī （īnsilīvī, L.), —, īre    [1 in+salio], to leap in, spring up, throw oneself upon, bound, mount: huc, O.: in equum, L.: in phalangas, Cs.: undas, O.: Aetnam, H.: prorae, O.: tergo centauri, O.
    * * *
    I
    insilire, insilivi, - V
    come/leap upon/in; leap/spring up/at; attack/throw oneself upon; bound; mount
    II
    insilire, insilui, - V
    come/leap upon/in; leap/spring up/at; attack/throw oneself upon; bound; mount

    Latin-English dictionary > īnsiliō

  • 13 prōsiliō

        prōsiliō uī, —, īre    [pro+salio], to leap forward, spring forth, spring up: quidnam hic properans prosilit, T.: temere: ex tabernaculo, L.: de capitis paterni Vertice (Minerva), O.: e convivio, Cu.—Of things, to spring forth, burst forth, start out: (sanguis) prosilit, O.: prosilit scintilla, O.: rivus e lapide, Ct.—Fig., to break forth: vaga prosiliet frenis natura remotis, H.— To rush, hasten, undertake eagerly: in contionem, L.: ad arma dicenda, H.
    * * *
    I
    prosilire, prosilivi, - V INTRANS
    jump/leap up/forward; rush/leap/spring forth/to; gush/break/jut out
    II
    prosilire, prosilui, - V INTRANS
    jump/leap up/forward; rush/leap/spring forth/to; gush/break/jut out

    Latin-English dictionary > prōsiliō

  • 14 red-dō

        red-dō didī, ditus, ere.    I. To give back, return, restore: scripsit ad te, ut redderes: alqd tibi, T.: Accipe quod numquam reddas mihi, H.: si quid ab omnibus conceditur, id reddo ac remitto, I give it back and renounce it: vobis amissa, L.: obsides, Cs.: follibus auras Accipiunt redduntque, take in and expel, V.: mulieri hereditatem: Redditus Cyri solio Phraates, H.: oculis nostris, V.: non reddere (beneficium) viro bono non licet: se convivio, return, L.: se catenis, H.: Teucrūm se reddat in arma, exposes, V.: Sic modo conbibitur, modo... Redditur ingens Erasinus, is swallowed up... reappears, O.: (Daedalus) Redditus his terris, on his return, V.—To utter in response, make in answer: veras audire et reddere voces, return, V.: Aeneas contra cui talia reddit, answered, V.: responsum, L.—To render, translate, interpret: quae legeram Graece, Latine reddere: verbum pro verbo: verbum verbo, H.—To render, represent, imitate, express, resemble: faciem locorum, O.: et qui te nomine reddet Silvius Aeneas, i. e. shall bear your name, V.—To make to be, cause to appear, render, make: quam (civitatem) ille inlustrem reddidit: itinera infesta, Cs.: Quem insignem reddidit arte, V.: obscuraque moto Reddita forma lacu est, made indistinct, O.: omnīs Catillinas Acidinos postea reddidit, made patriots in comparison: dictum ac factum reddidi, i. e. no sooner said than done, T.: hic reddes omnia ei consilia incerta ut sient, T.: fasciculum sibi aquā madidum r<*>itum esse.—To pay back, revenge, requite, p<*>sh, take satisfaction for: per eum stare quo minus accepta ad Cannas redderetur hosti clades, L.: reddidit hosti cladem, L.    II. To give up, hand over, deliver, impart, assign, yield, render, give, grant, bestow, surrender, relinquish, resign: mihi epistulam: litteris a Caesare consulibus redditis, Cs.: ut primi Salio reddantur honores, V.: reddita gratia (i. e. relata), S.: reddunt ova columbae, Iu.: obligatam Iovi dapem, H.: mors pro patriā reddita: morbo naturae debitum, i. e. to die by disease, N.: hanc animam vacuas in auras, O.: caute vota reddunto, pay: fumantia exta, V.: gravīs poenas, i. e. suffer, S.: reddi viro promissa iubebant, to be awarded, V.: rationem, render an account: animam a pulmonibus reddere, exhale: sonum, give forth, H.: vox reddita, uttered, V: catulum partu, O.: Fructum, quem reddunt praedia, produce, T.: Una superstitio, superis quae reddita divis, which belongs to the gods, V.: tunicam servo, Iu.: neque his petentibus ius redditur, is granted, Cs.: quod reliquum vitae virium, id ferro potissimum reddere volebant, sacrifice: Thermitanis urbem, agros, i. e. leave unforfeited: (civitati) iura legesque, home-rule, Cs.: tribus populis suae leges redditae, independence was recognized, L.: conubia, to grant, L.: Peccatis veniam, H.: Nomina facto vera, call by the right name, O.: magistratūs adi, Iudicium ut reddant tibi, grant you a trial, T.: iudicia in privatos reddebat, assumed jurisdiction in civil actions, Cs.: ius, to give judgment, Ta.—To repeat, report, narrate, recite, rehearse: ea sine scripto verbis eisdem: sive paribus paria (verba) redduntur, sive opponuntur contraria: dictata, rehearse, H.: carmen, recite, H.: causam, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > red-dō

  • 15 (saliātus,

       (saliātus, ūs), m    [salio], the office of the Salii, priesthood of Mars (only abl.): in saliatu.

    Latin-English dictionary > (saliātus,

  • 16 salientēs

        salientēs ium, f    [P. of salio; sc. aquae], springs, fountains.

    Latin-English dictionary > salientēs

  • 17 saltō

        saltō āvī, ātus, āre, freq.    [salio], to dance: in convivio saltare nudus coeperat: nemo enim fere saltat sobrius, nisi, etc.: scire saltare, O.: Fac saltet, O.: ad tibicinis modos, L.—Fig., to speak jerkingly, speak in short clauses: saltat incīdens particulas.—With acc: aliquam mimo saltante puellam, dancing a girl's part, O.: Cyclopa, H.: saltata poëmata, recited with rhythmical movements, O.
    * * *
    saltare, saltavi, saltatus V
    dance, jump; portray or represent in a dance

    Latin-English dictionary > saltō

  • 18 trānsiliō or trānssiliō

        trānsiliō or trānssiliō uī, —, īre    [trans+ salio], to leap across, jump over, spring over, overleap: ex humilioribus in altiorem navem, L.: Per tantum terrae credere Iudicium studii transiluisse mei, i. e. to have extended, O.: novos muros, L.: vada, H.—Fig., to hasten over, skip over, pass by, neglect, omit: transilire ante pedes posita: Proxima pars vitae transilienda meae, O.— To exceed, transgress, go beyond: modici munera Liberi, H.

    Latin-English dictionary > trānsiliō or trānssiliō

  • 19 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 20 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

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