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1 pulcer
pulcer, s. 1. pulcher.
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2 pulcer
pulcer, s. pulcher. -
3 pulcer
pulcer see pulcher.* * *pulcra -um, pulcrior -or -us, pulcerrimus -a -um ADJpretty; beautiful; handsome; noble, illustrious -
4 pulcer
pulcer, v. pulcher. -
5 Pulcer
1.pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).I.Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):II.o puerum pulchrum,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:pulcher ac decens,
Suet. Dom. 18:virgo pulchra!
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:pulchra juvenis,
Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,
Verg. A. 9, 179:formā pulcherrima,
id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;as an epithet of Apollo,
Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,
id. ib. 7, 656:pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.:pulchro corpore creti,
Lucr. 5, 1116:o faciem pulchram!
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51:color,
Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:mulier pulchra nimis,
Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:tunicae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:testudo,
Verg. G. 2, 463:recessus,
Ov. M. 14, 261:horti,
id. P. 1, 8, 37:fluvius,
Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?
Cic. Sen. 15, 53:urbs pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,
Cato, R. R. 104:panis longe pulcherrimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:pulcherrima opera,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:2.praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,
that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:pulcherrimum exemplum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 77:maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,
Sall. C. 20, 3:fasces,
Lucr. 5, 1234:pulcherrima consilia,
Verg. A. 5, 728:nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
id. ib. 1, 286:poëmata,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:divitiae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 95:dies,
favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:o Sol pulcher, o laudande,
id. ib. 4, 2, 47;4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,
Flor. 2, 2, 14:viae ejus viae pulchrae,
Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,
honorable, Sil. 5, 594:quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,
to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,
Verg. A. 2, 317:pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,
Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,
Luc. 9, 391:turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,
Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:subigere aliquid,
Cato, R. R. 74:aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:oppidum pulchre munitum,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:vendere,
i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;38: conciliare,
at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:victitare,
id. Most. 1, 1, 51:admonere,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:pulchre dictum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:pulchre et oratorie dicere,
Cic. Or. 68, 227:pulchre asseverat,
bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,
very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:intellegere,
Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:peristi pulchre,
you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,occidi,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,
in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),
excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12. -
6 pulcher (pulcer)
pulcher (pulcer) chra, chrum, adj. with comp. pulchrior, and sup. pulcherrimus, beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome: homo, Enn. ap. C.: virgo, T.: iuvenis, Ph.: quo pulchrior alter Non fuit, V.: formā pulcherrima, V.: O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior, H.: o faciem pulchram! T.: tunicae, H.: horti, O.: Ganges, V.: quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?: pulcherrimorum agrorum iudex.—As subst n.: quid habet pulchri acervus, beauty, H. —Fig., beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious: res p. paulatim inmutata ex pulcherrumā pessima facta est, S.: pulcherrimum exemplum, Cs.: pulcerrumum facinus, S.: poëmata, H.: dies, fortunate, H.—Fortunate, prosperous: ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret: dies, H. —In the phrase, pulchrum est, it is beautiful, is grand, is glorious, is a fine thing: Cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies, it seemed a fine thing, H.—In compliment, worthy, excellent: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, the perfect gentleman. -
7 pulcher
- orth. primitive pulcer, encore fréquente dans les mss. de Cicéron. [st1]1 [-] pulcher (pulcer), chra, chrum: a - beau, charmant, magnifique. - o puerum pulchrum ! Cic. Off. 1, 144: ô le bel enfant ! - urbs pulcherrima, Cic. Verr. 4, 117: ville belle entre toutes. - quid potest esse adspectu puichrius, Cic. CM 53: est-il rien de plus beau à la vue? - pulcherrime rerum, Ov. H. 4, 125: ô toi, le plus beau de tous les objets. - quamquam sidere pulchrior ille est... tecum vivere amem, Hor. O. 3, 9, 20: bien qu'il soit plus beau qu'un astre, c'est avec toi que j'aimerais vivre. b - beau, glorieux, louable, noble, honorable. - pulcherrimum factum, Cic. Phil. 2, 114: l'acte le plus beau. - quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, Cic. Off. 1, 118: ce que la majorité admire le plus. --- cf. Cic. Lael. 26 ; CM 43. - poét. avec gén. de cause pulcherrimus irae, Sil. 11, 365: très beau dans l'indignation. - pulchrum est + inf.: il est beau de. --- Sall. C. 3, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30. - illis pulcherrimum fuit... tradere, Cic. Pomp. 12: il fut très beau pour eux de transmettre... - pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis, Virg. En. 2, 317: et il me vient à l'idée qu'il est glorieux de mourir les armes à la main. - pulchrum putare, ducere + inf.: trouver beau de. --- Luc. 9, 391. - turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores, Quint. 1, 2, 22: il trouvera honteux de céder à ses égaux par l'âge et beau de vaincre ses aînés. - pulcherrimum judicare + prop. inf. Caes. BG. 7, 17, 13: juger très beau que. - fig. praetor ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret, Cic Mur. 26: pour empêcher que le préteur ne se crût beau et bienheureux [allusion au sage stoïcien], ne s'attribuât la perfection du sage. [st1]2 [-] Pulcher, chri, m.: Pulcher (surnom). - P. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 38, 35. --- Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52. - Pulchri promontorium: promontoire du Beau (au nord-est de Carthage, auj. le Cap Bono). --- Liv. 29, 27, 12.* * *- orth. primitive pulcer, encore fréquente dans les mss. de Cicéron. [st1]1 [-] pulcher (pulcer), chra, chrum: a - beau, charmant, magnifique. - o puerum pulchrum ! Cic. Off. 1, 144: ô le bel enfant ! - urbs pulcherrima, Cic. Verr. 4, 117: ville belle entre toutes. - quid potest esse adspectu puichrius, Cic. CM 53: est-il rien de plus beau à la vue? - pulcherrime rerum, Ov. H. 4, 125: ô toi, le plus beau de tous les objets. - quamquam sidere pulchrior ille est... tecum vivere amem, Hor. O. 3, 9, 20: bien qu'il soit plus beau qu'un astre, c'est avec toi que j'aimerais vivre. b - beau, glorieux, louable, noble, honorable. - pulcherrimum factum, Cic. Phil. 2, 114: l'acte le plus beau. - quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, Cic. Off. 1, 118: ce que la majorité admire le plus. --- cf. Cic. Lael. 26 ; CM 43. - poét. avec gén. de cause pulcherrimus irae, Sil. 11, 365: très beau dans l'indignation. - pulchrum est + inf.: il est beau de. --- Sall. C. 3, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30. - illis pulcherrimum fuit... tradere, Cic. Pomp. 12: il fut très beau pour eux de transmettre... - pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis, Virg. En. 2, 317: et il me vient à l'idée qu'il est glorieux de mourir les armes à la main. - pulchrum putare, ducere + inf.: trouver beau de. --- Luc. 9, 391. - turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores, Quint. 1, 2, 22: il trouvera honteux de céder à ses égaux par l'âge et beau de vaincre ses aînés. - pulcherrimum judicare + prop. inf. Caes. BG. 7, 17, 13: juger très beau que. - fig. praetor ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret, Cic Mur. 26: pour empêcher que le préteur ne se crût beau et bienheureux [allusion au sage stoïcien], ne s'attribuât la perfection du sage. [st1]2 [-] Pulcher, chri, m.: Pulcher (surnom). - P. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 38, 35. --- Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52. - Pulchri promontorium: promontoire du Beau (au nord-est de Carthage, auj. le Cap Bono). --- Liv. 29, 27, 12.* * *Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum. Cic. Beau, Bel.\Mors pulchra. Virgil. Glorieuse. -
8 pulcher [1]
1. pulcher, chra, chrum, u. pulcer, cra, crum (wohl zu polire), ideal schön (Ggstz. turpis, deformis), I) eig.: puer, Cic.: pulchrae puellae (Ggstz. anus deformes), Treb. Poll.: pulchrae turpesque puellae, Ov.: pulcher corpore, Ov.: hortus, Ov.: domus (Ggstz. deformis ruinis), Plin. ep.: quid (potest esse) aspectu pulchrius? Cic.: femina pnicherrima (Ggstz. deformissima), Gell.: urbs pulcherrima, Caes.: pulcherrime rerum, aller Wesen schönstes, schönstes Schatzkind, Ov. – subst., pulchrae, schöne Mädchen, Donat. Ter. Andr. 1, 5, 10. – II) übtr.: a) schön, vortrefflich, herrlich, rühmlich, exemplum, Caes.: facinus, Sall.: mors, ehrenvoll, rühmlich, Verg.: manu pulcher, ausgezeichnet durch persönliche Tapferkeit, Flor.: nihil virtute pulchrius, Cic.: factum pulcherrimum, Cic.: pulcherrime rerum, als Anrede an Gott, Augustin. conf. 6, 2, 12. – m. Genet., pulcherrimus irae, wegen usw., Sil. 11, 365. – pulchrum est, es ist schön, -herrlich, -edel, -ruhmvoll (Ggstz. turpe est) m. folg. Infin., pulchrum est bene facere rei publicae, Sall.: videte ne, ut illis pulcherrimum fuit tantam vobis imperii gloriam tradere, sic vobis turpissimum sit quod accepistis tueri et conservare non posse, Cic.: pulchrum est digito monstrari, Pers.: pulchrum (est) mori, Verg.: ironisch, cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies, Hor. – so auch pulchrum ducere od. putare m. Infin., turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse maiores, Quint. 1, 2, 22: qui me triste pati... pulchrum Romanumque putant, Lucan. 9, 391 sq. – b) schön, glücklich, behaglich, dies, Hor.: victoria, Iustin.: exitus, Flor.: ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret, damit er sich nicht in einer behaglichen u. glücklichen Lage denken möchte, Cic. Mur. 26. – / arch. pulcer, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 522 u. 14, 1731. Enn. ann. 488, polcer, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 552: Genet. Femin, pulcrai, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1007. – vulg. Superl. pulchrissimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6. part. 5. no. 1965* u. 2864*.
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9 pulcher
1. pulcher, chra, chrum, u. pulcer, cra, crum (wohl zu polire), ideal schön (Ggstz. turpis, deformis), I) eig.: puer, Cic.: pulchrae puellae (Ggstz. anus deformes), Treb. Poll.: pulchrae turpesque puellae, Ov.: pulcher corpore, Ov.: hortus, Ov.: domus (Ggstz. deformis ruinis), Plin. ep.: quid (potest esse) aspectu pulchrius? Cic.: femina pnicherrima (Ggstz. deformissima), Gell.: urbs pulcherrima, Caes.: pulcherrime rerum, aller Wesen schönstes, schönstes Schatzkind, Ov. – subst., pulchrae, schöne Mädchen, Donat. Ter. Andr. 1, 5, 10. – II) übtr.: a) schön, vortrefflich, herrlich, rühmlich, exemplum, Caes.: facinus, Sall.: mors, ehrenvoll, rühmlich, Verg.: manu pulcher, ausgezeichnet durch persönliche Tapferkeit, Flor.: nihil virtute pulchrius, Cic.: factum pulcherrimum, Cic.: pulcherrime rerum, als Anrede an Gott, Augustin. conf. 6, 2, 12. – m. Genet., pulcherrimus irae, wegen usw., Sil. 11, 365. – pulchrum est, es ist schön, - herrlich, -edel, -ruhmvoll (Ggstz. turpe est) m. folg. Infin., pulchrum est bene facere rei publicae, Sall.: videte ne, ut illis pulcherrimum fuit tantam vobis imperii gloriam tradere, sic vobis turpissimum sit quod accepistis tueri et conservare non posse, Cic.: pulchrum est digito monstrari, Pers.: pulchrum (est) mori, Verg.: ironisch, cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies, Hor. – so auch pulchrum ducere od. putare m.————Infin., turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse maiores, Quint. 1, 2, 22: qui me triste pati... pulchrum Romanumque putant, Lucan. 9, 391 sq. – b) schön, glücklich, behaglich, dies, Hor.: victoria, Iustin.: exitus, Flor.: ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret, damit er sich nicht in einer behaglichen u. glücklichen Lage denken möchte, Cic. Mur. 26. – ⇒ arch. pulcer, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 522 u. 14, 1731. Enn. ann. 488, polcer, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 552: Genet. Femin, pulcrai, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1007. – vulg. Superl. pulchrissimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6. part. 5. no. 1965* u. 2864*. -
10 C
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
11 c
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
12 at
at or ast, conj. [Curtius connects the Sanscr. ati, ultra, nimis, the Gr. eti, the Lat. et, and at in atavus; Vanicek connects with these at, atque, and atqui. Thus the original idea of addition is prominent in eti, et, and atque; and the idea of opposition in at and atqui, which agree with at-ar in meaning as well as in form. After the same analogy, the Gr. pleon, more, has become plên, but; and the Lat. magis has passed into the same meaning in the Fr. mais and the Ital. mai. The confusion in MSS. between at, ac, and et, and between atque and atqui, was prob. caused as much by their connection in idea as in form] (it was sometimes, for the sake of euphony, written ad; cf. Quint. 12, 10; 12, 32; 1, 7, 5; Charis. p. 203 P., where, instead of at conjunctionem esse, ad vero praepositionem, the reading should be, ad conjunctionem esse, at vero praepositionem, Fr.; v. the pass. in its connection; cf. also Vel. Long. p. 2230 P.; Cassiod. p. 2287 P.; Mar. Vict. p. 2458 P. The form ast is found in the old laws; it occurs once in Trag. Rel., but never in Com. Rel. nor in Lucil.; at is found in Plautus about 280 times, and ast about 10 times; in Ter. at about 100 times, and ast once; in Hor. at 60 times, ast 3 times; in Verg. at 168 times, ast 16; in Juv. at 17 times, ast 7; Catull., Tibull., and Prop. use only at, and Pers. (Jahn) only ast; in prose, Cic. uses [p. 186] ast in his epistles. It joins to a previous thought a new one, either antithetical or simply different, and especially an objection; while sed denotes a direct opposition; and autem marks a transition, and denotes at once a connection and an opposition).I.In adding a diff., but not entirely opp. thought, a qualification, restriction, etc., moreover, but, yet; sometimes an emphasized (but never merely copulative) and.A.In gen.: SEI PARENTEM PVER VERBERIT AST OLE PLORASSIT PVER DIVEIS PARENTOM SACER ESTO, if the son strike his father, and the father complain, let the son, etc., Lex Serv. Tullii ap. Fest. s. v. plorare, p. 230 Müll.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24: Philosophari est mihi necesse, at paucis, but only in a few words, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 65 Rib.:B.DIVOS ET EOS QVI CAELESTES, SEMPER HABITI COLVNTO... AST OLLA PROPTER QVAE etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 3, 4, 11: hinc Remus auspicio se devovet atque secundam Solus avem servat. At Romulus pulcer in alto Quaerit Aventino, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 Vahl.); Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 22:si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 25:paret Amor dictis carae genetricis. At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem Inrigat,
Verg. A. 1, 691:(Aeneas) finem dedit ore loquendi. At, Phoebi nondum patiens, immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,
id. ib. 6, 77; 11, 709 sq.: quo (odore) totum nati corpus perduxit;at illi Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura,
id. G. 4, 416; so id. ib. 4, 460; 4, 513; id. A. 3, 259; 3, 675; 7, 81; 8, 241; 9, 793; Prop. 4, 4, 15; 4, 7, 11; Luc. 3, 664; 4, 36 al.—Also in prose (chiefly post-Aug.):una (navis) cum Nasidianis profugit: at ex reliquis una praemissa Massiliam, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 7:ubi facta sunt, in unum omnia miscentur. At pastilli haec ratio est, etc.,
Cels. 5, 17; 6, 18:quamquam insideret urbem proprius miles, tres urbanae, novem praetoriae cohortes Etruriā ferme Umbriāque delectae aut vetere Latio et coloniis antiquitus Romanis. At apud idonea provinciarum sociae triremes etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 5; 4, 6:negavit aliā se condicione adlecturum, quam si pateretur ascribi albo, extortum sibi a matre. At illa commota etc.,
Suet. Tib. 51; id. Calig. 15; 44; id. Vesp. 5; id. Dom. 4; id. Galb. 7 al.—In the enumeration of particulars:Cum alio cantat, at tamen alii suo dat digito litteras, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 20 Rib.: dant alios aliae (silvae) fetus: dant utile lignum Navigiis pinos... At myrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello Cornus,
Verg. G. 2, 447:Nam neque tum stellis acies obtunsa videtur... At nebulae magis etc.,
id. ib. 1, 401; 3, 87; id. A. 7, 691:Hic altā Sicyone, ast hic Amydone relictā, Hic Andro, etc.,
Juv. 3, 69.— The Vulg. often uses at as a mere continuative, where even et or atque might stand: sciscitabur ab iis ubi Christus nasceretur. At illi dixerunt ei: In etc., Matt. 2, 5; 4, 20; 8, 32; 14, 29; 15, 34 et persaep.—In transition,Esp.,1.To a new narration, like the Gr. de; so the commencement of the fourth book of the Æneid: At regina gravi jam dudum saucia curā, etc. (the third book closes with the narrative of Æneas); so the beginning of the third book of the Thebaid of Statius: At non Aoniae moderator perfidus aulae, etc.; Verg. A. 4, 504; 5, 35; 5, 545; 5, 700; 5, 779; 6, 679; 7, 5; 8, 370; 8, 608; 9, 503; 10, 689; 11, 597; 12, 134 et saep.—Also in the postAug. histt. and other prose writers; so after speaking of the Ubii etc., Tac. says: At in Chaucis coeptavere seditionem praesidium agitantes etc., A. 1, 38; so ib. 4, 13; 12, 62; 14, 23 et saep.—2.To a wonderful, terrible, unexpected, or exciting occurrence or circumstance:3.clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit, etc.... At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones Effugiunt,
Verg. A. 2, 225; 3, 225:Lacte madens illic suberat Pan ilicis umbrae, Et facta agresti lignea falce Pales etc. At quā Velabri regio patet etc.,
Tib. 2, 5, 33; Verg. G. 4, 471:consurgit Turnus in ensem et ferit. Exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, Arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis Frangitur in medio,
id. A. 12, 731; 10, 763:adusque Supremum tempus, ne se penuria victūs Opprimeret metuebat. At hunc liberta securi divisit medium,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 99: Magnus quanto mucrone minatur Noctibus hibernis et sidera terret Orion. At sonipes habitus etc., Stat. S. 1, 1, 46.—To a passionate appeal, etc., in which case the antecedent clause is not expressed, but must be considered as existing in the mind of the speaker; cf. in Gr. alla su, su de.a.In passing to an interrogation, exhortation, request:b.At, scelesta, viden ut ne id quidem me dignum esse existumat?
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Aul. 1, 1, 8:At qui nummos tristis inuncat?
Lucil. 15, 21 Müll.: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58: Ca. Non adest. Ps. At tu cita, id. Ps. 1, 1, 30:satis habeo, at quaeso hercle etiam vide,
id. Merc. 5, 4, 53 (Ritschl, sat habeo. Sed):at unum hoc quaeso... Ut, etc.,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 89:at tu, qui laetus rides mala nostra caveto Mox tibi,
Tib. 1, 2, 87:Hunc ut Peleus vidit, At inferias, juvenum gratissime Crantor, Accipe, ait,
Ov. M. 12, 367:at tu, nauta, vagae ne parce malignus arenae Ossibus et capiti inhumato Particulam dare,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 23.—In prose:at vide quid succenseat,
Cic. Fam. 7, 24, 2:itaque pulsus ego civitate non sum, quae nulla erat: at vide, quam ista tui latrocinii tela contempserim,
id. Part. Or. 4, 1, 28; id. Dom. 44; App. M. 6, p. 179, 18.—In expressions of passion, astonishment, indignation, pain, etc.:c.At ut scelesta sola secum murmurat,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 13: Sc. Nunc quidem domi certost: certa res est Nunc nostrum opservare ostium, [ubi] ubist. Pa. At, Sceledre, quaeso, Ut etc., id. Mil. 2, 4, 46:At o deorum quidquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus, Quid iste fert tumultus?
Hor. Epod. 5, 1:At tibi quanta domus rutila testudine fulgens, etc.,
Stat. S. 2, 4, 11.—In prose:horum omnium studium una mater oppugnat: at quae mater?
Cic. Clu. 70; id. Verr. 2, 2, 45:at per deos immortales! quid est, quod de hoc dici possit,
id. ib. 2, 1, 46:institui senatores, qui omnia indicum responsa perscriberent. At quos viros!
id. Sull. 42; id. Deiot. 19, 33:tangit et ira deos: at non impune feremus,
Ov. M. 8, 279; 10, 724:at tibi Colchorum, memini, regina vacavi,
id. H. 12, 1.—In indignant imprecations:d.At te di omnes cum consilio, Calve, mactāssint malo! Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 245 Rib.: At te Juppiter diique omnes perdant!
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 37:At te di deaeque faxint cum isto odio, Laches,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 59:At te di perdant,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 41:At tibi di dignum factis exitium duint,
id. And. 4, 1, 42:At vobis male sit,
Cat. 3, 13:At tibi, pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis Di... persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!
Verg. A. 2, 535.—In prose:At vos, ait, devota capita, respiciant di perjuriorum vindices,
Just. 14, 4, 10.—Rarely of friendly inclination, disposition:e.At tibi di bene faciant omnes,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18:At tibi di semper, adulescens, quisquis es, faciant bene,
id. Men. 5, 7, 32:At tu, Catulle, destinatus obdura,
Cat. 8, 19.—In entreaty:II.At vos, o superi, miserescite regis,
Verg. A. 8, 572:at tu, pater deūm hominumque, hinc saltem arce hostes,
Liv. 1, 12.—In adding an entirely opposite thought, but, but indeed, but on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. (the strictly class. signif. of the word).A.In gen.: at differentiam rerum significat: ut cum dicimus, Scipio est bellator, at M. Cato orator, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.: splendet saepe, ast idem nimbis interdum nigret, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 170 Rib.: So. Mentire nunc. Me. At jam faciam, ut verum dicas dicere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 189: So. Per Jovem juro med etc. Me. At ego per Mercurium juro, tibi etc., id. ib. 1, 1, 280:a.Atque oppido hercle bene velle illud visus sum, Ast non habere quoi commendarem caprum,
id. Merc. 2, 1, 22:fecit idem Themistocles... at idem Pericles non fecit,
Cic. Att. 7, 11, 3:non placet M. Antonio consulatus meus, at placuit P. Servilio,
id. Phil. 2, 5, 12:majores nostri Tusculanos Aequos... in civitatem etiam acceperunt, at Karthaginem et Numantiam funditus sustulerunt,
id. Off. 1, 11, 35: brevis a naturā nobis vita data est;at memoria bene redditae vitae sempiterna,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 32; id. Cat. 2, 2, 3; id. Leg. 2, 18:crebras a nobis litteras exspecta, ast plures etiam ipse mittito,
id. Att. 1, 16 fin.: Rejectis pilis comminus gladiis pugnatum est. At Germani phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 52:Postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur. At M. Porcius Cato hujusce modi orationem habuit,
Sall. C. 52, 1:hac iter Elysium nobis, at laeva... ad impia Tartara mittit,
Verg. A. 6, 542: T. Ante leves ergo pascentur in aethere cervi... M. At nos hinc alii sitientīs ibimus Afros, id. E. 1, 65: Dam. Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella... Men. At mihi sese offert ultro meus ignis Amyntas, id. ib. 3, 66; 7, 35; 7, 55; id. G. 1, 219; 1, 242; 1, 370; 2, 151; 2, 184; 3, 331; 4, 18; 4, 180; id. A. 2, 35; 2, 687; 3, 424; 5, 264;6, 489: Ast ego nutrici non mando vota,
Pers. 2, 39:ast illi tremat etc.,
id. 6, 74:Ast vocat officium,
id. 6, 27:At Jesus audiens ait,
Vulg. Matt. 9, 12; 9, 22; 12, 3; 12, 48 et persaep.—In order to strengthen a contrast, sometimes (esp. in Plaut. and Ter.) with contra, e contrario, potius, etiam, vero.(α).With contra:(β).Summis nitere opibus, at ego contra ut dissimilis siem,
Lucil. 26, 19 Müll.:Ergo quod magnumst aeque leviusque videtur... At contra gravius etc.,
Lucr. 1, 366; so id. 1, 570; 1, 1087; 2, 235: L. Opimius ejectus est e patriā: At contra bis Catilina absolutus est, Cic. Pis. 95; id. Verr. 5, 66; id. Sex. Rosc. 131; id. Quinct. 75:At tibi contra Evenit, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 27:(Cornutus) taedio curarum mortem in se festinavit: at contra reus nihil infracto animo, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 28.—With e contrario: apud nos mercenarii scribae existimantur;(γ).at apud illos e contrario nemo ad id officium admittitur, nisi, etc.,
Nep. Eum. 1, 5:in locis siccis partibus sulcorum imis disponenda sunt semina, ut tamquam in alveolis maneant. At uliginosis e contrario in summo porcae dorso collocanda, etc.,
Col. 11, 3, 44.—With potius:(δ).at satius fuerat eam viro dare nuptum potius,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 44:at potius serves nostram, tua munera, vitam,
Ov. H. 3, 149.—With etiam: At etiam, furcifer, Male loqui mi audes? but do you even? etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31; id. Trin. 4, 2, 151; id. Rud. 3, 4, 6:(ε).At etiam cubat cuculus. Surge, amator, i domum,
but he is yet abed, id. As. 5, 2, 73; so id. Capt. 2, 3, 98; id. Mil. 4, 4, 6:Exi foras, sceleste. At etiam restitas, Fugitive!
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 1; 5, 6, 10: Proinde aut exeant, aut quiescant, etc.... at etiam sunt, Quirites, qui dicant, a me in exsilium ejectum esse Catilinam, on the contrary, there are indeed people who say. etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12; id. Phil. 2, 30, 76; id. Quinct. 56; id. Verr. 5, 77; id. Dom. 70 al.—With vero, but certainly:(ζ).At vero aut honoribus aucti aut etc.,
Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Off. 2, 20, 70; 2, 23, 80; id. Fin. 1, 10, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 17 al.—With certe:(η).Numquam ego te, vitā frater amabilior, Aspiciam posthac. At certe semper amabo,
Cat. 65, 11; 66, 25. —So, quidem—at (very rare) = quidem —autem, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75.—b.Ironically: Th. Quid valeam? Ly. At tu aegrota, si lubet, per me aetatem quidem, Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 22:B.at, credo, mea numina tandem Fessa jacent,
Verg. A. 7, 297; 7, 363; Ov. H. 1, 44.—Very freq. in adding an objection, from one's own mind or another's, against an assertion previously made, but, on the contrary, in opposition to this; sometimes, but one may say, it may be objected, and the like:a.Piscium magnam atque altilium vim interfecisti. At nego,
Lucil. 28, 43 Müll.:Quid tandem te impedit? Mosne majorum? At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publicā perniciosos cives morte multārunt. An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio rogatae sunt? At numquam in hac urbe etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:Appellandi tempus non erat? At tecum plus annum vixit. In Galliā agi non potuit? At et in provinciā jus dicebatur et etc.,
id. Quinct. 41:Male judicavit populus. At judicavit. Non debuit. At potuit. Non fero. At multi clarissimi cives tulerunt,
id. Planc. 11:sunt, quos signa, quos caelatum argentum delectant. At sumus, inquiunt, civitatis principes,
id. Part. Or. 5, 2, 36; id. Fin. 4, 25, 71; id. Verr. 2, 2 fin.:quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat: A quo? At patet,
id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Phil. 2, 9: convivium vicinorum cotidie compleo, quod ad multam noctem, quam maxime possumus, vario sermone producimus. At non est voluptatum tanta quasi titillatio in senibus. Credo: sed ne desideratio quidem, [p. 187] id. Sen. 14, 47:multo magnus orator praestat minutis imperatoribus. At prodest plus imperator. Quis negat?
id. Brut. 73, 256; id. Div. 2, 29, 62; 2, 31, 67; 2, 32, 69 al.:Maxime Juppiter! At in se Pro quaestu sumptum facit hic,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 18 al. — In this case freq. strengthened,By pol, edepol, hercule: At pol ego neque florem neque flocces volo mihi, Caecil., Com. Rel. p. 67 Rib.: So. Non edepol volo profecto. Me. At pol profecto ingratiis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 215; so id. As. 2, 2, 34; 4, 2, 14; id. Capt. 3, 4, 64; id. Cas. 2, 3, 15; id. Cist. 4, 2, 70; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73: Ha. Gaudio ero vobis. Ad. At edepol nos voluptati tibi, id. Poen. 5, 4, 61; 3, 1, 68:b.At hercule aliquot annos populus Romanus maximā parte imperii caruit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 54; id. Sex. Rosc. 50:at hercle in eā controversiā, quae de Argis est, superior sum,
Liv. 34, 31:At, Hercule, reliquis omnibus etc.,
Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 169:At, hercules, Diodorus et in morbo etc.,
id. 29, 6, 39, § 142:At hercule Germanicum Druso ortum etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 17; 1, 26;3, 54: At, hercules, si conscius fuissem etc.,
Curt. 6, 10, 20 al. —By enim, which introduces a reason for the objection implied in at, but certainly, but surely, but indeed, etc., alla gar: At enim tu nimis spisse incedis, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 16 Rib.; Turp. id. p. 93: at enim nimis hic longo sermone utimur;c.Diem conficimus,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:At enim istoc nil est magis etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 21:At enim vereor, inquit Crassus, ne haec etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 188:cum dixisset Sophocles, O puerum pulchrum, Pericle. At enim praetorem, Sophocle, decet non solum manus, sed etiam oculos abstinentes habere, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 40, 144 Beier; so id. Mur. 35, 74; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52 al.:at enim inter hos ipsos existunt graves controversiae,
id. Quinct. 1; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51; 20, 60; id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52:At enim cur a me potissimum hoc praesidium petiverunt?
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 15:At enim quis reprehendet, quod in parricidas rei publicae decretum erit?
Sall. C. 51, 25 Kritz:At enim quid ita solus ego circum curam ago?
Liv. 6, 15; 34, 32:At enim eo foedere, quod etc.,
id. 21, 18; 34, 31; 39, 37: At enim nova nobis in fratrum filias conjugia;sed etc.,
Tac. A. 12, 6.—By tamen: Jam id peccatum primum magnum, magnum, at humanum tamen, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 53: Hi secretis sermonibus... conveniunt;C.nam publice civitas talibus inceptis abhorrebat. At tamen interfuere quidam etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 55:At certe tamen, inquiunt, quod etc.,
Cat. 10, 14.—With a preced. negative, sometimes no antithesis is appended by at, but it is indicated that if what has been said is not true, yet at least something else is true, but yet; sometimes with tamen, but yet; or certe, but at least, yet at least:D.Nolo victumas: at minimis me extis placare volo,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 95:Si tibi non cordi fuerant conubia nostra,... At tamen in vostras potuisti ducere sedes,
Cat. 64, 158 sq.:Non cognoscebantur foris, at domi: non ab alienis, at a suis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 56:Liceat haec nobis, si oblivisci non possumus, at tacere,
id. Fl. 25, 61:Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,
Verg. A. 1, 543; so id. ib. 4, 615, and 6, 406. —With certe:Haec erant... quorum cognitio studiosis juvenibus si non magnam utilitatem adferet, at certe, quod magis petimus, bonam voluntatem,
Quint. 12, 11, 31; Cels. 2, 15; Suet. Calig. 12, al.—The antithesis is sometimes not so much in the clause appended by at, as in the persons or things introduced in it; so,(α).Esp. freq. in conditional clauses with si, si non, si minus, etiam si, etc.; cf. Herm. ad Viger. 241: Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit; At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, if I perish here, but he does not return, yet etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 26; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 131:(β).si ego digna hac contumeliā Sum maxime, at tu indignus qui faceres tamen,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 25:Si tu oblitus es, at di meminerunt,
Cat. 30, 11:si non eo die, at postridie,
Cato, R. R. 2, 1:si non paulo, at aliquanto (post petīsses),
Cic. Quinct. 40; 97; id. Mil. 93 al.:quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,
id. Cat. 1, 22; id. Verr. 5, 69; id. Clu. 15: qui non possit, etiam si sine ullā suspitione, at non sine argumento male dicere, id. Cael. 3, 8.—With etsi:(γ).ei, etsi nequāquam parem illius ingenio, at pro nostro tamen studio meritam gratiam referamus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14; Tac. Or. 19.—With quod si:E.Quod si nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi, at ego ad deos confugiam,
Liv. 9, 1; Tac. A. 1, 67.—At, like autem and de, sometimes serves simply to introduce an explanation: cum Sic mutilus miniteris. At illi foeda cicatrix etc., now an ugly scar etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 60. —F.And also like de in Hom. and Hdt., it sometimes introduces an apodosis,a.With si: Bellona, si hobie nobis victoriam duis, ast ego templum tibi voveo, if to-day thou bestow victory, then I etc., ean—de, Liv. 10, 19.—b.With quoniam: Nunc, quoniam tuum insanabile ingenium est, at tu tuo supplicio doce etc., since your disposition is past cure, at least etc., epei—de, Liv. 1, 28.► A.At is sometimes repeated at the beginning of several clauses,a.In opposition each to the preceding clause: Soph. Tu quidem haut etiam octoginta's pondo. Paegn. At confidentiā Militia illa militatur multo magis quam pondere. At ego hanc operam perdo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47 sq.:b.Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit: At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 25 sq.; id. As. 5, 2, 6 sqq. (Cic., in Quir. 7 and 10, opposes at to sed, and Tac., in A. 12, 6, sed to at).—In opposition to some common clause preceding:B.At etiam asto? At etiam cesso foribus facere hisce assulas?
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 20: Quid tum esse existimas judicatum? Certe gratīs judicāsse. At condemnārat; at causam totam non audierat;at in contionibus etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 113:Sit flagitiorum omnium princeps: at est bonus imperator, at felix,
id. Verr. 5, 4; id. Sest. 47; id. Fragm. B. 16, 5 B. and K.: Nefarius Hippias Pisistrati filius arma contra patriam ferens;at Sulla, at Marius, at Cinna recte, imo jure fortasse,
id. Att. 9, 10, 3: At non formosa est, at non bene culta puella;At, puto, non votis saepe petita meis?
Ov. Am. 3, 7, 1 sq. Merk.:At quam sunt similes, at quam formosus uterque!
id. F. 2, 395: rideri possit eo quod Rusticius tonso toga defluit: at est bonus ut melior vir Non alius quisquam; at tibi amicus;at ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 30 sqq. (cf. sed—sed,
Cat. 64, 141; Juv. 5, 61; 8, 149; and a similar use of alla in Hellenistic Greek, as alla—alla, 2 Cor. 2, 17: alla—alla —alla, 1 Cor. 6, 11).—Though regularly occupying the first place in its clause or sentence, it sometimes stands second (cf. atque fin.):Saepius at si me, Lycida formose, revisas,
Verg. E. 7, 67; id. G. 3, 331:Tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 47:Mentior at si quid, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 8, 37:Gramineis ast inde toris discumbitur,
Val. Fl. 8, 255:Major at inde etc.,
Stat. Th. 4, 116.—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 417-451; Wagner, Quaest. XXXVII. ad Verg. IV. pp. 581- 585. -
13 Liberalis
1.lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.I.Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:II.si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,
id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,
I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:judicium,
Quint. 6, 3, 32:liberale conjugium,
a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).A.In gen.:B.ingenium,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:artes liberales,
befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,
Dig. 50, 13, 1:hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,
id. Off. 1, 42, 150:liberalissima studia,
id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:spes liberalioris fortunae,
of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:responsum,
kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—In partic.1.Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):* (β).liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:benefici liberalesque,
id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,
id. ib. 14, 51:liberalissimus munificentissimusque,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:virtus munifica et liberalis,
id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:largus, beneficus, liberalis,
id. Deiot. 9, 26.—With gen.:(γ).laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,
Sall. C. 7, 6.—With in and acc.:b.in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,
Suet. Vesp. 7. —Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:2.largum et liberale viaticum,
Cic. Fl. 6, 14:potio,
Cels. 3, 6:liberalius alimentum,
id. 8, 10, 7.—Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):1.illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:lepidā et liberali formast,
id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:species,
id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.In gen.:2.homo liberaliter educatus,
Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:eruditi,
id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:vivere,
id. Lael. 23, 86:servire,
i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:respondere,
kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:oratione aliquem prosequi,
id. ib. 2, 5.—In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:2.benigne ac liberaliter,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:large et liberaliter,
id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §204: instructus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:vivo paulo liberalius,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:nec potui accipi liberalius,
id. Att. 16, 6, 1:ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,
Quint. 6, 3, 19:ubi liberalius malos odimus,
more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:dotem largiri liberalissime,
App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:liberalissime polliceri,
Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,
Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:sacra,
id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:Liberalia tu accusas,
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,
id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib. -
14 liberalis
1.lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.I.Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:II.si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,
id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,
I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:judicium,
Quint. 6, 3, 32:liberale conjugium,
a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).A.In gen.:B.ingenium,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:artes liberales,
befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,
Dig. 50, 13, 1:hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,
id. Off. 1, 42, 150:liberalissima studia,
id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:spes liberalioris fortunae,
of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:responsum,
kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—In partic.1.Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):* (β).liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:benefici liberalesque,
id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,
id. ib. 14, 51:liberalissimus munificentissimusque,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:virtus munifica et liberalis,
id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:largus, beneficus, liberalis,
id. Deiot. 9, 26.—With gen.:(γ).laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,
Sall. C. 7, 6.—With in and acc.:b.in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,
Suet. Vesp. 7. —Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:2.largum et liberale viaticum,
Cic. Fl. 6, 14:potio,
Cels. 3, 6:liberalius alimentum,
id. 8, 10, 7.—Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):1.illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:lepidā et liberali formast,
id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:species,
id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.In gen.:2.homo liberaliter educatus,
Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:eruditi,
id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:vivere,
id. Lael. 23, 86:servire,
i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:respondere,
kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:oratione aliquem prosequi,
id. ib. 2, 5.—In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:2.benigne ac liberaliter,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:large et liberaliter,
id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §204: instructus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:vivo paulo liberalius,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:nec potui accipi liberalius,
id. Att. 16, 6, 1:ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,
Quint. 6, 3, 19:ubi liberalius malos odimus,
more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:dotem largiri liberalissime,
App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:liberalissime polliceri,
Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,
Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:sacra,
id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:Liberalia tu accusas,
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,
id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib. -
15 liberaliter
1.lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.I.Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:II.si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,
id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,
I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:judicium,
Quint. 6, 3, 32:liberale conjugium,
a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).A.In gen.:B.ingenium,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:artes liberales,
befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,
Dig. 50, 13, 1:hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,
id. Off. 1, 42, 150:liberalissima studia,
id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:spes liberalioris fortunae,
of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:responsum,
kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—In partic.1.Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):* (β).liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:benefici liberalesque,
id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,
id. ib. 14, 51:liberalissimus munificentissimusque,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:virtus munifica et liberalis,
id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:largus, beneficus, liberalis,
id. Deiot. 9, 26.—With gen.:(γ).laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,
Sall. C. 7, 6.—With in and acc.:b.in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,
Suet. Vesp. 7. —Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:2.largum et liberale viaticum,
Cic. Fl. 6, 14:potio,
Cels. 3, 6:liberalius alimentum,
id. 8, 10, 7.—Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):1.illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:lepidā et liberali formast,
id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:species,
id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.In gen.:2.homo liberaliter educatus,
Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:eruditi,
id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:vivere,
id. Lael. 23, 86:servire,
i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:respondere,
kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:oratione aliquem prosequi,
id. ib. 2, 5.—In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:2.benigne ac liberaliter,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:large et liberaliter,
id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §204: instructus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:vivo paulo liberalius,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:nec potui accipi liberalius,
id. Att. 16, 6, 1:ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,
Quint. 6, 3, 19:ubi liberalius malos odimus,
more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:dotem largiri liberalissime,
App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:liberalissime polliceri,
Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,
Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:sacra,
id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:Liberalia tu accusas,
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,
id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib. -
16 Pulcher
1.pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).I.Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):II.o puerum pulchrum,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:pulcher ac decens,
Suet. Dom. 18:virgo pulchra!
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:pulchra juvenis,
Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,
Verg. A. 9, 179:formā pulcherrima,
id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;as an epithet of Apollo,
Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,
id. ib. 7, 656:pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.:pulchro corpore creti,
Lucr. 5, 1116:o faciem pulchram!
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51:color,
Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:mulier pulchra nimis,
Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:tunicae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:testudo,
Verg. G. 2, 463:recessus,
Ov. M. 14, 261:horti,
id. P. 1, 8, 37:fluvius,
Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?
Cic. Sen. 15, 53:urbs pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,
Cato, R. R. 104:panis longe pulcherrimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:pulcherrima opera,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:2.praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,
that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:pulcherrimum exemplum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 77:maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,
Sall. C. 20, 3:fasces,
Lucr. 5, 1234:pulcherrima consilia,
Verg. A. 5, 728:nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
id. ib. 1, 286:poëmata,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:divitiae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 95:dies,
favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:o Sol pulcher, o laudande,
id. ib. 4, 2, 47;4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,
Flor. 2, 2, 14:viae ejus viae pulchrae,
Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,
honorable, Sil. 5, 594:quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,
to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,
Verg. A. 2, 317:pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,
Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,
Luc. 9, 391:turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,
Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:subigere aliquid,
Cato, R. R. 74:aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:oppidum pulchre munitum,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:vendere,
i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;38: conciliare,
at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:victitare,
id. Most. 1, 1, 51:admonere,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:pulchre dictum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:pulchre et oratorie dicere,
Cic. Or. 68, 227:pulchre asseverat,
bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,
very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:intellegere,
Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:peristi pulchre,
you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,occidi,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,
in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),
excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12. -
17 pulcher
1.pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).I.Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):II.o puerum pulchrum,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:pulcher ac decens,
Suet. Dom. 18:virgo pulchra!
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:pulchra juvenis,
Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,
Verg. A. 9, 179:formā pulcherrima,
id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;as an epithet of Apollo,
Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,
id. ib. 7, 656:pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.:pulchro corpore creti,
Lucr. 5, 1116:o faciem pulchram!
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51:color,
Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:mulier pulchra nimis,
Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:tunicae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:testudo,
Verg. G. 2, 463:recessus,
Ov. M. 14, 261:horti,
id. P. 1, 8, 37:fluvius,
Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?
Cic. Sen. 15, 53:urbs pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,
Cato, R. R. 104:panis longe pulcherrimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:pulcherrima opera,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:2.praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,
that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:pulcherrimum exemplum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 77:maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,
Sall. C. 20, 3:fasces,
Lucr. 5, 1234:pulcherrima consilia,
Verg. A. 5, 728:nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
id. ib. 1, 286:poëmata,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:divitiae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 95:dies,
favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:o Sol pulcher, o laudande,
id. ib. 4, 2, 47;4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,
Flor. 2, 2, 14:viae ejus viae pulchrae,
Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,
honorable, Sil. 5, 594:quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,
to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,
Verg. A. 2, 317:pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,
Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,
Luc. 9, 391:turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,
Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:subigere aliquid,
Cato, R. R. 74:aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:oppidum pulchre munitum,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:vendere,
i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;38: conciliare,
at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:victitare,
id. Most. 1, 1, 51:admonere,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:pulchre dictum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:pulchre et oratorie dicere,
Cic. Or. 68, 227:pulchre asseverat,
bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,
very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:intellegere,
Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:peristi pulchre,
you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,occidi,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,
in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),
excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12. -
18 Pulchra
1.pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).I.Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):II.o puerum pulchrum,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:pulcher ac decens,
Suet. Dom. 18:virgo pulchra!
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:pulchra juvenis,
Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,
Verg. A. 9, 179:formā pulcherrima,
id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;as an epithet of Apollo,
Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,
id. ib. 7, 656:pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.:pulchro corpore creti,
Lucr. 5, 1116:o faciem pulchram!
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51:color,
Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:mulier pulchra nimis,
Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:tunicae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:testudo,
Verg. G. 2, 463:recessus,
Ov. M. 14, 261:horti,
id. P. 1, 8, 37:fluvius,
Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?
Cic. Sen. 15, 53:urbs pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,
Cato, R. R. 104:panis longe pulcherrimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:pulcherrima opera,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:2.praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,
that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:pulcherrimum exemplum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 77:maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,
Sall. C. 20, 3:fasces,
Lucr. 5, 1234:pulcherrima consilia,
Verg. A. 5, 728:nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
id. ib. 1, 286:poëmata,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:divitiae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 95:dies,
favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:o Sol pulcher, o laudande,
id. ib. 4, 2, 47;4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,
Flor. 2, 2, 14:viae ejus viae pulchrae,
Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,
honorable, Sil. 5, 594:quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,
to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,
Verg. A. 2, 317:pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,
Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,
Luc. 9, 391:turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,
Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:subigere aliquid,
Cato, R. R. 74:aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:oppidum pulchre munitum,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:vendere,
i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;38: conciliare,
at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:victitare,
id. Most. 1, 1, 51:admonere,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:pulchre dictum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:pulchre et oratorie dicere,
Cic. Or. 68, 227:pulchre asseverat,
bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,
very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:intellegere,
Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:peristi pulchre,
you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,occidi,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,
in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),
excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12. -
19 pulchrum
1.pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).I.Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):II.o puerum pulchrum,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:pulcher ac decens,
Suet. Dom. 18:virgo pulchra!
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:pulchra juvenis,
Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,
Verg. A. 9, 179:formā pulcherrima,
id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;as an epithet of Apollo,
Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,
id. ib. 7, 656:pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.:pulchro corpore creti,
Lucr. 5, 1116:o faciem pulchram!
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51:color,
Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:mulier pulchra nimis,
Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:tunicae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:testudo,
Verg. G. 2, 463:recessus,
Ov. M. 14, 261:horti,
id. P. 1, 8, 37:fluvius,
Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?
Cic. Sen. 15, 53:urbs pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,
Cato, R. R. 104:panis longe pulcherrimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:pulcherrima opera,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:2.praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,
that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:pulcherrimum exemplum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 77:maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,
Sall. C. 20, 3:fasces,
Lucr. 5, 1234:pulcherrima consilia,
Verg. A. 5, 728:nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
id. ib. 1, 286:poëmata,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:divitiae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 95:dies,
favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:o Sol pulcher, o laudande,
id. ib. 4, 2, 47;4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,
Flor. 2, 2, 14:viae ejus viae pulchrae,
Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,
honorable, Sil. 5, 594:quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,
to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,
Verg. A. 2, 317:pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,
Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,
Luc. 9, 391:turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,
Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:subigere aliquid,
Cato, R. R. 74:aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:oppidum pulchre munitum,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:vendere,
i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;38: conciliare,
at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:victitare,
id. Most. 1, 1, 51:admonere,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:pulchre dictum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:pulchre et oratorie dicere,
Cic. Or. 68, 227:pulchre asseverat,
bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,
very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:intellegere,
Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:peristi pulchre,
you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,occidi,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,
in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),
excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12. -
20 Pulcra
1.pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).I.Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):II.o puerum pulchrum,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:pulcher ac decens,
Suet. Dom. 18:virgo pulchra!
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:pulchra juvenis,
Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,
Verg. A. 9, 179:formā pulcherrima,
id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,
Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;as an epithet of Apollo,
Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,
id. ib. 7, 656:pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.:pulchro corpore creti,
Lucr. 5, 1116:o faciem pulchram!
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51:color,
Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:mulier pulchra nimis,
Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:tunicae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:testudo,
Verg. G. 2, 463:recessus,
Ov. M. 14, 261:horti,
id. P. 1, 8, 37:fluvius,
Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?
Cic. Sen. 15, 53:urbs pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,
Cato, R. R. 104:panis longe pulcherrimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:pulcherrima opera,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:2.praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,
that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:pulcherrimum exemplum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 77:maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,
Sall. C. 20, 3:fasces,
Lucr. 5, 1234:pulcherrima consilia,
Verg. A. 5, 728:nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
id. ib. 1, 286:poëmata,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:divitiae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 95:dies,
favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:o Sol pulcher, o laudande,
id. ib. 4, 2, 47;4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,
Flor. 2, 2, 14:viae ejus viae pulchrae,
Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,
honorable, Sil. 5, 594:quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,
to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,
Verg. A. 2, 317:pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,
Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,
Luc. 9, 391:turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,
Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:subigere aliquid,
Cato, R. R. 74:aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:oppidum pulchre munitum,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:vendere,
i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;38: conciliare,
at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:victitare,
id. Most. 1, 1, 51:admonere,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:pulchre dictum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:pulchre et oratorie dicere,
Cic. Or. 68, 227:pulchre asseverat,
bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,
very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:intellegere,
Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:peristi pulchre,
you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,occidi,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,
in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),
excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12.
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