ostento

* * *

ostento, āvi, ātum ( inf. pass. ostentarier, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 129), 1, v. freq. a. [ostendo], to present to view, to show, exhibit (class.).

In gen.:

alicui jugula sua pro capite alicujus,

to present, offer, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 4:

aliquem,

Verg. A. 12, 479:

campos nitentes,

id. ib. 6, 678:

Sidonias opes,

id. ib. 4, 75:

passum capillum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 48:

liberos,

Suet. Aug. 34: quo res sapsa loco sese ostentat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 325 Müll. (Ann. v. 372 Vahl.).—

In partic.

To show off with vanity or boastfulness, to display, make a display of, boast of, vaunt:

amorem tibi meum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 3, 4:

quid me ostentem,

why should I make a display of myself? id. ib. 1, 4, 3:

et prae se ferre,

id. Att. 2, 23, 3:

memoriae ostentandae causā,

Auct. Her. 2, 30, 47: clientelas, Dolabell. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2:

triumphos suos,

Sall. J. 31, 10:

eum ipsum aliis,

id. ib. 49, 4:

se in aliis rebus,

to exhibit themselves, Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

Ambiorigem ostentant fidei faciundae causā,

Caes. B. G. 5, 41.—

To hold out or up as an example:

desine Tydiden vultuque et murmure nobis Ostentare,

Ov. M. 13, 350.—

To hold out for the purpose of offering or giving; to proffer, promise:

alterā manu fert lapidem, panem ostentat alterā,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 18:

agrum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 78:

praemia,

Sall. J. 66, 1; 89, 1; cf.:

praemia modo, modo formidinem,

id. ib. 23, 1:

praedam,

id. ib. 68, 3.—

To hold out in a threatening manner; to threaten, menace:

caedem, servitutem,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 1:

periculum capitis,

id. Clu. 8, 25:

minas,

Liv. 2, 42.—

To show by speech or signs; to indicate, point out, signify, reveal, disclose:

(largitio) verbis ostentari potest, re verā fieri, nisi exhausto aerario, nullo pacto potest,

Cic. Agr. 2, 4, 18:

tibi me istis esse familiarem,

id. Fam. 9, 6, 2:

principem,

to reveal, Plin. Pan. 4, 7.—With rel.-clause: ostentans, quanta eos... invidia maneret showing, declaring, Suet. Caes. 14.

* * *

con-fīdo, fĭsus sum, 3, v. n., to trust confidently in something, confide in, rely firmly upon, to believe, be assured of (as an enhancing of sperare, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; Nep. Milt. 1, 1; freq. and class. in prose and poetry); constr. with abl., acc. and inf., with dat., rarely with de, ut, or absol.

With abl. (in verb. finit. very rare with personal object):

aut corporis firmitate aut fortunae stabilitate,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40:

copiā et facultate causae,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Tusc. 5, 3, 8:

illum, quo antea confidebant, metuunt,

id. Att. 8, 13, 2; id. Clu. 1, 1:

naturā loci,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9; 7, 68; id. B. C. 1, 58:

castrorum propinquitate,

id. ib. 1, 75 fin.; 3, 83; Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 4:

jurejurando,

Suet. Caes. 86; cf.:

neque milites alio duce plus confidere aut audere,

Liv. 21, 4, 4:

socio Ulixe,

Ov. M. 13, 240 (v. also under g).—So esp. with part. pass.:

confisus, a, um: neque Caesar opus intermittit confisus praesidio legionum trium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 42; 1, 75; 3, 106; Auct. B. Alex. 10, 5, Auct. B. G. 8, 3; 8, 15;

Auct. B. Afr. 49: tam potenti duce confisus,

Liv. 24, 5, 12; 28, 42, 12:

nullā aliā urbe,

Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 4; Lentul. ib. 12, 15, 3:

patientiā nostrā,

Plin. Pan. 68, 2:

senatus consulto,

Suet. Caes. 86.—

With acc. and inf. (so most freq. in all per.), Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 1; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 108; id. Ad. 5, 3, 40; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Att. 1, 10, 2; 6, 7, 1; 6, 9, 1 al.; Caes. B. G. 1, 23 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 10; Sall. C. 17, 7; id. J. 26, 1; Nep. Milt. 1, 1; Liv. 4, 32, 6; 36, 40, 2; 44, 13, 7; Quint. 5, 12, 17; 11, 1, 92; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Oth. 10; Ov. M. 9, 256:

(venti et sol) siccare prius confidunt omnia posse Quam, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 391.—

With dat. (very freq.;

and so almost always of personal objects): me perturbasset ejus sententia, nisi vestrae virtuti constantiaeque confiderem,

Cic. Phil. 5, 1, 2; cf. id. Att. 16, 16, A, 5;

1, 9, 2: cui divinationi,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 4:

his rebus magis quam causae suae,

id. Inv. 1, 16, 22; id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69; id. Sest. 64, 135; id. Mil. 23, 61; id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; Liv. 38, 48, 13:

virtuti militum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 24:

cui (peditum parti) maxime confidebat,

id. ib. 2, 40:

equitatui,

id. ib. 3, 94;

Auct. B. Afr. 60: fidei Romanae,

Liv. 21, 19, 10; 22, 18, 8; 29, 12, 1;

40, 12, 15 al.: huic legioni Caesar confidebat maxime,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 1, 42. —Esp. freq. with sibi, to rely on one's self, have confidence in one's self:

neque illi sibi confisi ex portā prodire sunt ausi,

Caes. B. C. 3, 7:

dum sibi uterque confideret,

id. ib. 3, 10; Cic. Fl. 1, 5; id. Clu. 23, 63; id. Har. Resp. 16, 35; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; id. Fin. 3, 8, 29; id. Lael. 5, 17; 9, 30; id. Rep. 3, 13, 23; Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 6; Auct. B. Afr. 19; Sen. Tranq. 14, 2; id. Ep. 72, 2; Liv. 4, 18, 1:

fidei legionum, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 2: suae virtuti,

Liv. 3, 67, 5; 21, 57, 12:

felicitati regis sui,

Curt. 3, 14, 4:

Graecorum erga se benevolentiae,

id. 4, 10, 16; 7, 7, 28; 7, 9, 1; 9, 2, 25; Tac. A. 1, 81; 14, 36; id. H. 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 4, 7.—Dub. whether dat. or abl. (cf. supra a): suis bonis. Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 40:

viribus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

dis immortalibus,

Sall. C. 52, 28:

his amicis sociisque,

id. ib. 16, 4; id. J. 112, 2:

suis militibus,

Liv. 2, 45, 4:

quibus (rebus),

Quint. 3, 6, 8:

ostento,

Suet. Tib. 19 al. —

With de:

externis auxiliis de salute urbis confidere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5 fin.:

de consuetudine civitatis,

Dig. 1, 3, 34; Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—

With acc.:

confisus avos,

Stat. Th. 2, 573; cf. Prisc. 18, p. 1185 P.; cf.:

nihil nimis oportet confidere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 78.—

With ut, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 7 (but in Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16, confido is prob. a gloss; v. Orell. N. cr.).—

Absol.:

non confidit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107: ubi legati satis confidunt, die [p. 414] constituto, Senatus utrisque datur, Sall. J. 13, 9.—

Poet. with inanim. subjects:

remis confisa minutis parvula cymba,

Prop. 1, 11, 9.—Hence, confīdens, entis, P. a. (lit. confident, trusting to something; hence with exclusive ref. to one's self), selfconfident; in a good and (more freq.) in a bad sense (class.).

In a good sense (perh. only ante-class.), bold, daring, undaunted:

decet innocentem servum atque innoxium Confidentem esse,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 8:

qui me alter est audacior homo? aut qui me confidentior?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1:

senex, ellum, confidens, catus,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 14.— Comp.:

quod est nimio confidentius,

Gell. 10, 26, 9.—

In a bad sense, shameless, audacious, impudent:

qui fortis est, idem est fidens, quoniam confidens malā consuetudine loquendi in vitio ponitur, ductum verbum a confidendo, quod laudis est, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 14: improbus, confidens, nequam, malus videatur, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 262, 11; Turp. ib. p. 262, 13:

homo,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73 (cf. Cic. Caecin. 10, 27); Cic. Phil. 7, 1, 3; * Hor. S. 1, 7, 7; Quint. 9, 3, 65; Suet. Dom. 12.— Sup.:

juvenum confidentissime,

Verg. G. 4, 445:

mendacium,

App. Mag. p. 318, 27.—Hence, adv.: confīdenter.

In a good sense, boldly, daringly:

confidenter hominem contra colloqui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 183; 2, 2, 207; id. Capt. 3, 5, 6.— Comp.:

dicere,

Cic. Cael. 19, 44:

loqui,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28.—

In a bad sense, audaciously, impudently, Afran. ap. Non. p. 262, 17; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 7.— Sup.:

confidentissime resistens,

Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8 fin.

conjecto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [conicio] (ante-class.; and then not until the time of Liv.), to throw, cast, or bring together.

Prop.: hostium duces in carcerem, Decret. Ti. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

ad cenulam non cupedias ciborum, sed argutias quaestionum,

to contribute, Gell. 6, 13, 2.— Far more freq.,

Trop., to conclude or infer by conjecture, to conjecture, guess.

In gen.

With acc.: neque scio quid dicam aut quid conjectem, * Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 5:

rem vetustate obrutam,

Liv. 29, 14, 9:

rem eventu,

id. 5, 21, 16:

offensionem vultu,

Tac. A. 1, 12.—With ex:

valetudinem ex eo, quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 14, 51; so id. ib. 12, 49:

quae audierat conjectaveratque,

id. ib. 15, 55:

quantum conjectare licet,

Suet. Dom. 3; Curt. 4, 9, 11:

iter,

to guess one's way, Liv. 21, 35, 4:

animos militares altius,

Tac. A. 1, 32.—

With acc. and inf.:

Caesar conjectans eum Aegyptum iter habere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 106, 1:

Fabium Valentem profectum ab Urbe conjectabat,

Tac. H. 3, 15; Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 18, 31.—

With de:

proinde socii de imperio utriusque conjectabant,

Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

nihil de aetate Galbae,

Suet. Ner. 40.—

With a rel.-clause:

si ex eo... quid sentiant conjectandum sit,

Liv. 40, 36, 4; so, utrum sit in re, * Quint. 7, 3, 5; Curt. 7, 8, 2.—

In Suet., in partic., to conclude from signs or omens, to augur, interpret, prophesy:

nemine peritorum aliter conjectante, quam laeta per haec et magna portendi,

Suet. Aug. 95 fin.:

altero ostento periculum ostendi,

id. Calig. 57:

de geniturā alicujus multa et formidolosa,

id. Ner. 6.

dē-clāro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make clear, plain, evident (by disclosing, uncovering), to show, manifest, declare, etc., apophainô (class.; most freq. in the trop. sense). For syn. cf.: monstro, demonstro, probo, confirmo, ostendo, ostento, significo, indico, defero; exsisto, appareo, eluceo. —

Lit.

In gen.:

praesentiam saepe divisuam declarant, ut et apud Regillum.... Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnare visi sunt, Cic. N: D. 2, 2, 6: dentibus (cervorum) senecta declaratur,

Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 116:

ducis nave declarata suis,

Nep. Hann. 11, 2.—

In pub. law lang., t. t., to announce any one in public session as elected to an office (esp. that of consul), to declare or proclaim publicly:

ejusdem hominis voce et declaratus consul et defensus,

Cic. Mur. 1, 2 (for which shortly before, L. Murenam consulem renunciavi); cf. id. ib. 2, 3;

so consulem,

id. Agr. 2, 2, 4; id. Rep. 1, 15; Sall. C. 24; id. J. 27, 4; Liv. 24, 9 et saep.:

declaratus rex Numa de templo descendit,

id. 1, 18 fin.; 1, 46:

consulem, praetorem,

id. 9, 40 fin.:

tribunatum militarem,

Sall. J, 63, 4: Suet. Caes. 80:

victorem magnā praeconis voce Cloanthum Declarat,

Verg. A. 5, 245. —

Trop., to make clear to the mind, to manifest, demonstrate, prove, show, explain:

cum tot signis eadem natura declaret quid velit, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 24.—Constr. with acc., acc. and inf., a relat. clause, or absol.

With acc.:

volatibus avium et cantibus declarari res futuras putant,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 56; id. N. D. 2, 65, 163:

ipsa consolatio litterarum tuarum declarat summam benevolentiam,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 1:

declarant gaudia vultu, * Catull. 64, 34 et saep.: propriam cujusque (generis juris civilis) vim definitione,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190: nullum (verbum) inveniri potest, quod magis idem declaret Latine, quod Graece hêdonê, quam declarat voluptas, id. Fin. 2, 4, 13; cf.

in like manner of the meaning of words,

id. ib. 3, 4, 14; id. Or. 22, 73; id. de Or. 3, 13, 49:

verba ipsa per se declarant intellectum,

Quint. 8, 3, 83:

quae (litera C.) inversa mulierem declarat,

Quint. 1, 7, 28.—

With acc. and inf.:

hominem catum eum esse declaramus,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 16; Lucr. 1, 366; 6, 468:

quod plurimis locis perorationes nostrae voluisse nos atque animo contendisse declarant,

Cic. Or. 62, 210; Quint. 8 prooem. § 15 et saep.—

With a relative clause:

quae cujusque ingenium ut sit declarat maxume,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 43:

ut matres familiae eorum sortibus et vaticinationibus declararent, utrum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50, 4:

qui declaravit quanti me faceret,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 10: cf. Sall. J. 24, 7 et saep.—

Absol.:

ut ratio declarat eorum, qui, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 693:

declarant illae contiones,

Cic. Mil. 5, 12 al.

ex-pĕrĭor, pertus ( act. experiero, Varr. L. L. 8, 9, 24 dub.), 4, v. dep. a. [ex- and root per-; Sanscr. par-, pi-parmi, conduct; Gr. peraô, pass through; poros, passage; peira, experience; Lat. porta, portus, peritus, periculum; Germ. fahren, erfahren; Eng. fare, ferry], to try a thing; viz., either by way of testing or of attempting it.

To try, prove, put to the test.

In tempp. praes. constr. with the acc., a rel. clause, or absol.

With acc.:

habuisse aiunt domi (venenum), vimque ejus esse expertum in servo quodam ad eam rem ipsam parato,

Cic. Cael. 24, 58:

taciturnitatem nostram,

id. Brut. 65, 231:

amorem alicujus,

id. Att. 16, 16, C, 1:

his persuaserant, uti eandem belli fortunam experirentur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 16, 3:

judicium discipulorum,

Quint. 2, 5, 12:

in quo totas vires suas eloquentia experiretur,

id. 10, 1, 109:

imperium,

Liv. 2, 59, 4:

cervi cornua ad arbores subinde experientes,

Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 117 et saep.—

With a personal object: vin' me experiri?

make trial of me, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 29:

hanc experiamur,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 12 Ruhnk.:

tum se denique errasse sentiunt, cum eos (amicos) gravis aliquis casus experiri cogit,

Cic. Lael. 22, 84:

in periclitandis experiendisque pueris,

id. Div. 2, 46, 97.—So with se. reflex., to make trial of one's powers in any thing:

se heroo (versu),

Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 3 [p. 694] variis se studiorum generibus, id. ib. 9, 29, 1:

se in foro,

Quint. 12, 11, 16.—

With a rel.-clause, ut, etc.: vosne velit an me regnare era quidve ferat Fors, Virtute experiamur, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204, ed. Vahl.):

lubet experiri, quo evasuru'st denique,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93:

experiri libet, quantum audeatis,

Liv. 25, 38, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 1, 1:

in me ipso experior, ut exalbescam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; cf. with si:

expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

Val. Fl. 5, 562.—

Absol.:

experiendo magis quam discendo cognovi,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

judicare difficile est sane nisi expertum: experiendum autem est in ipsa amicitia: ita praecurrit amicitia judicium tollitque experiendi potestatem,

id. Lael. 17, 62.—

In the tempp. perf., to have tried, tested, experienced, i. e. to find or know by experience:

benignitatem tuam me experto praedicas,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 18:

omnia quae dico de Plancio, dico expertus in nobis,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

experti scire debemus, etc.,

id. Mil. 26, 69:

illud tibi expertus promitto,

id. Fam. 13, 9, 3:

dicam tibi, Catule, non tam doctus, quam, id quod est majus, expertus,

id. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

puellae jam virum expertae,

Hor. C. 3, 14, 11; 4, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 6, 5, 7:

mala captivitatis,

Sulp. Sev. 2, 22, 5:

id opera expertus sum esse ita,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 3:

expertus sum prodesse,

Quint. 2, 4, 13:

expertus, juvenem praelongos habuisse sermones,

id. 10, 3, 32:

ut frequenter experti sumus,

id. 1, 12, 11.—

Rarely in other tenses: et exorabile numen Fortasse experiar,

may find, Juv. 13, 103.—

To make trial of, in a hostile sense, to measure strength with, to contend with:

ut interire quam Romanos non experiri mallet,

Nep. Ham. 4, 3:

maritimis moribus mecum experitur,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 11:

ipsi duces cominus invicem experti,

Flor. 3, 21, 7; 4, 10, 1; cf.:

hos cum Suevi, multis saepe bellis experti, finibus expellere non potuissent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 4:

Turnum in armis,

Verg. A. 7, 434.

To undertake, to attempt, to make trial of, undergo, experience a thing.

In gen.:

qui desperatione debilitati experiri id nolent, quod se assequi posse diffidant. Sed par est omnes omnia experiri, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 1, 4; cf.:

istuc primum experiar,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 47:

omnia experiri certum est, priusquam pereo,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 11:

omnia prius quam, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 78, 1:

extrema omnia,

Sall. C. 26, 5; cf.

also: sese omnia de pace expertum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57, 2:

libertatem,

i. e. to make use of, enjoy, Sall. J. 31, 5:

late fusum opus est et multiplex, etc.... dicere experiar,

Quint. 2, 13, 17:

quod quoniam me saepius rogas, aggrediar, non tam perficiundi spe quam experiundi voluntate,

Cic. Or. 1, 2.—With ut and subj.:

nunc si vel periculose experiundum erit, experiar certe, ut hinc avolem,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:

experiri, ut sine armis propinquum ad officium reduceret,

Nep. Dat. 2, 3.—

In partic., jurid. t. t., to try or test by law, to go to law:

aut intra parietes aut summo jure experietur,

Cic. Quint. 11, 38; cf.:

in jus vocare est juris experiundi causa vocare,

Dig. 2, 4, 1; 47, 8, 4:

a me diem petivit: ego experiri non potui: latitavit,

Cic. Quint. 23, 75; Liv. 40, 29, 11:

sua propria bona malaque, cum causae dicendae data facultas sit, tum se experturum,

Liv. 3, 56, 10:

postulare ut judicium populi Romani experiri (liceat),

id. ib. —Hence,

expĕrĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II.), experienced, enterprising, active, industrious (class.):

homo gnavus et industrius, experientissimus ac diligentissimus arator,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

promptus homo et experiens,

id. ib. 2, 4, 17, §

37: vir fortis et experiens,

id. Clu. 8, 23:

vir acer et experiens,

Liv. 6, 34, 4:

comes experientis Ulixei,

Ov. M. 14, 159:

ingenium,

id. Am. 1, 9, 32. —With gen.:

genus experiens laborum,

inured to, patient of, Ov. M. 1, 414:

rei militaris experientissimi duces,

Arn. 2, 38 init.; cf. Vulg. 2 Macc. 8, 9.— Comp. appears not to occur.—

expertus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), in pass. signif., tried, proved, known by experience (freq. after the Aug. per.):

vir acer et pro causa plebis expertae virtutis,

Liv. 3, 44, 3:

per omnia expertus,

id. 1, 34, 12:

indignitates homines expertos,

id. 24, 22, 2:

dulcedo libertatis,

id. 1, 17, 3:

industria,

Suet. Vesp. 4:

artes,

Tac. A. 3, 17: saevitia, Prop. 1, 3, 18:

confidens ostento sibi expertissimo,

Suet. Tib. 19.—With gen.:

expertos belli juvenes,

Verg. A. 10, 173; cf. Tac. H. 4, 76.— Comp. and adv. appear not to occur.