oppĕto

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* * *

    Oppeto, oppetis, pe. corr. oppetiui vel oppetii, oppetitum, pen. prod. oppetere. Mourir. Accusatiuum habet expressum aut subauditum.

oppeto, īvī u. iī, ītum, ere (ob u. peto), entgegengehen, poenas superbiae, seinen Übermut büßen, Phaedr. 3, 16, 2. – bes. pestem od. malam pestem, in den Untergang (in den Tod) gehen, Plaut. u. Enn. fr.: opp. mortem = »in den Tod gehen, sterben«, Cic. u.a.: voluntariam mortem opp., Val. Max.: miseram mortem opp., Gell.: u. letum pro patria opp., Liv. 45, 26, 8: dass. bl. oppetere, Verg., Tac. u.a.: opp. non senio nec aegritudine, sed fame, Plin.: gloriosā morte, Prud.: gloriosum esse existimans iussā morte oppetere, Amm.

oppĕto ( obp-), īvi and ii, ītum, 3, v. a. [ob-peto], to go to meet, to encounter (an evil, esp. death; class.; syn.: obeo, occumbo, intereo): malam pestem, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 15 Vahl.); so,

pestem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 7 —Esp.: mortem, to encounter death, for to perish, die (only of a violent or unnatural death), Enn. ap. Non. 507, 19 (Trag. v. 235 Vahl.):

cum milites pro salute populi Romani mortem oppetiverint,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38; cf.:

clarae mortes pro patriā oppetitae,

id. Tusc. 1, 49, 116:

poenas superbiae,

to suffer for one's pride, Phaedr. 3, 16, 2.—

In partic., pregn. for oppetere mortem, to perish, die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quīs ante ora patrum Trojae sub moenibus altis Contigit oppetere,

Verg. A. 1, 96; 11, 268; 12, 543:

eodem mari,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

non senio, sed fame,

Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 15: gloriosā morte, to die a glorious death, Prud. steph. 10, 65.

, oppetivi, oppetitum, oppetere 3

  идти навстречу, встречать, перен. встречать смерть; подвергаться

oppĕto ( obp-), īvi and ii, ītum, 3, v. a. [ob-peto], to go to meet, to encounter (an evil, esp. death; class.; syn.: obeo, occumbo, intereo): malam pestem, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 15 Vahl.); so,

pestem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 7 —Esp.: mortem, to encounter death, for to perish, die (only of a violent or unnatural death), Enn. ap. Non. 507, 19 (Trag. v. 235 Vahl.):

cum milites pro salute populi Romani mortem oppetiverint,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38; cf.:

clarae mortes pro patriā oppetitae,

id. Tusc. 1, 49, 116:

poenas superbiae,

to suffer for one's pride, Phaedr. 3, 16, 2.—

In partic., pregn. for oppetere mortem, to perish, die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quīs ante ora patrum Trojae sub moenibus altis Contigit oppetere,

Verg. A. 1, 96; 11, 268; 12, 543:

eodem mari,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

non senio, sed fame,

Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 15: gloriosā morte, to die a glorious death, Prud. steph. 10, 65.

mors, mortis, f. (zu Wurzel mor, wov. auch morior, verwandt mit μόρος, μοιρα, der Tod, I) eig. u. übtr.: A) eig.: acerba, Cic.: m. honesta, Nep.: celeris, Suet.: immatura, Lucr., Catull., Cic. u.a.: innoxia, Iustin.: matura, Flor. 3, 17, 9: necessaria, der natürliche, Cic.: perspicua, Cic.: alci propinqua, Cic.: repentina, Cic.: voluntaria, Cic.: mors coacta, Ggstz. fortuita, Tac.: cuius aetati mors propior erat, Sall. fr.: beata L. Crassi mors illa, quae est a multis saepe defleta, Cic.: fames, miserrima omnium mors, Sall.: fames et frigus, quae miserrima mortis genera sunt, Cic.: mors crucis, Kreuzestod, Augustin. in Ioann. tract. 124, 1. – mortis periculum, Caes.: mortis poena od. poenae, Cic.: potio mortis causā data, Ps. Quint. decl.: civium suorom vitae mortisque arbiter, Sen. – morti proximus, Fronto, Augustin. u.a.: morti vicinus, Capit., Hieron. u.a. (s. über beide Krebs-Schmalz Antib.⁷ Bd. 2. S. 103 u. 104 unter mors). – mors (alci) appropinquat, Cic. – obire mortem, s. obeo: mortem subire, suscipere, s. subeo, suscipio: occumbere mortem, s. occumbo: mortem oppetere, s. oppeto: voluntariam mortem petere, Gell.: cupide mortem expetere pro salute civium, Cic.: morti od. ad mortem se offerre, s. offero: mortem sibi consciscere, Cic.: mortem alci afferre, Plaut.: afferre alci causam mortis voluntariae, Cic.: alci mortem inferre u. offerre, Cic.: alqm dare ad mor-

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tem, Plaut., od. morti, Hor.: alqm morti mittere, Plaut.: alqm morte afficere, Cic.: mortem proponere, Cic.: ad mortem trudi, Cic.: morte deleri, Cic.: alqm morte multare, Cic., punire, Plin. ep.: alqm morte damnare (v. der Natur), Sen.: alqm ad mortem damnare, Tac.: alci morti esse, jmdm. den Tod bringen, Cic.: ebenso mortem facere, Ov.: morte suā mori, eines natürlichen T. sterben, Sen.: ebenso suā morte defungi, Suet.: inhonestā morte mori, Tert.: vitam cum morte commutare, Sulpic. in Cic. ep.: mortem servituti anteponere, Cic.: mortem deprecari, um sein Leben bitten, Caes.: mortem alcis persequi, Cic., Caes. u. Liv.: fidenti animo ad mortem gradiri, Cic.: alqm ex media morte eripere, Cic.: mortem alcis lacerare, jmd. im Tode, Cic.: so auch alcis vitam spoliare, eius mortem ornare, Cic.: Drusum matura mors abstulit, Flor. 3, 17, 9. – in mortem (zum Todesstoß) destringere ferrum, Tac. – in morte, noch im T., noch nach dem T., Verg.: in extrema morte, an der äußersten Grenze des T., in den letzten Augenblicken, Catull. u. Verg.: so auch supremā morte, Hor. u.a. (s. Schmid Hor. ep. 2, 2, 173). – Plur. mortes, wie θάνατοι, α) v. Tode mehrerer, Tod, Todesfälle, mortes imperatoriae, Cic.: mortes quattuor, Mart.: mortes meorum, Plin. ep.: clarae mortes pro patria oppetitae, Aufopferungen für das V. durch den Tod, Cic.: quibus videmus optabiles mortes fuisse cum gloria, Auf-

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opferungen durch einen rühmlichen Tod, Cic.: perdere mortes, den Tod verschwenden, d.i. unnütz Tod (unter den Feinden) verbreiten, Stat. – β) v. den verschiedenen Erscheinungen des Todes, die Todesarten, Todesgefahren, der Tod in jeder Gestalt, o hominem mille mortibus dignum! Sen.: omnes per mortes animam dare, Verg.: omni imagine mortium, Tac. – B) übtr.: 1) von Lebl., der Tod = das Absterben, Hinschwinden, hoc mors est illius, quod ante fuit, Lucr.: rerum omnium oblivio morsque memoriae, Plin. – 2) personif., die Gottheit Mors, Tochter des Erebus und der Nox, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 44. Hyg. fab. praef. in. Verg. Aen. 11, 197. – II) meton.: 1) der Tod = der Leichnam, die Leiche, hominis, Plin.: morte campos contegi, Acc. fr.: nec sit in Attalico mors mea nixa toro, Prop. – ähnl. von einem Greise, odiosum est mortem amplexari, eine Leiche, ein Skelett, Plaut. – 2) wie φόνος, = durch Mord vergossenes Blut, Todesblut, ensem multā morte recepit, Verg. Aen. 9, 348. – 3) der, das Todbringende, der Tod, mors terrorque sociorum lictor Sextius, Cic. Verr. 5, 118. – ubi fratri suo paratam mortem (tödliche Gift) ebibit, Apul. met. 10, 5. p. 886 H.: aër fertilis in mortes, ergiebig an tödlichen Plagen, Lucan. 9, 625: u. Plur. mortes v. todbringenden Geschossen, Lucan. 7, 517. Sil. 9, 369. Stat. Theb. 6, 793. – ⇒ Archaist. Abl. morti, Lucr. 6, 1229 (1232).

ŏb (old form obs, v. III.), prep. with acc. (in late Lat. also with the abl.:

OB PERPETVO EIVS ERGA SE AMORE,

Inscr. Orell. 106) [Osc. op; kindr. with Sanscr. api; Gr. epi].

Lit.

With verbs of motion, towards, to (only ante-class.): IS TERTHS DIEBVS OB PORTVM OBVAGVLATVM ITO, let him go before his house to summon him, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. portum, p. 233 Müll.: ob Romam legiones ducere, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.); cf.:

ob Troiam duxit,

id. ib. p. 178 Müll. (Incert. libr. v. 5 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39; and ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2 (Trag. Rel. p. 211 Rib.).—

With verbs of rest, about, before, in front of, over (in Cic.):

follem sibi obstringit ob gulam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23:

lanam ob oculum habere,

id. Mil. 5, 37:

ob oculos mihi caliginem obstitisse,

before my eyes, id. ib. 2, 4, 51:

mors ob oculos saepe versata est,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; id. Sest. 21, 47:

ignis qui est ob os offusus,

id. Univ. 14.—

Transf., to indicate the object or cause, on account of, for, because of, by reason of, etc.

In gen. (freq. and class.):

etiam ob stultitiam tuam te tueris?

do you still defend yourself with regard to your folly? Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

pretium ob stultitiam fero,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 4; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 23:

ob eam rem iratus,

on that account, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 33:

neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

id. ib. 4, 4, 39; Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 7: Mi. Ob eam rem? De. Ob eam, id. ib. 5. 9, 20:

ob rem nullam,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 2:

hanc Epicurus rationem induxit ob eam rem, quod veritus est, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 10, 23:

ob eam causam, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 7, 12: quam ob causam venerant, id. de Or. 1, 7, 26:

non solum ob eam causam fieri volui, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

ob hanc causam, quod,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

nec ob aliam causam ullam, etc.,

id. Lael. 20, 74:

ob meas injurias,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 85; cf.:

quodnam ob facinus?

id. ib. 5, 2, 3: ob peccatum hoc. id. ib. v. 37:

ob malefacta haec,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ob illam injuriam,

Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46:

ob aliquod emolumentum suum,

id. Font. 8, 17: (eum) ac Troiam misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

ob rem judicandam pecuniam adcipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; id. Att. 1, 17, 8; id. Mur. 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119; Sall. J. 89, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 87:

nec meliores ob eam scientiam nec beatiores esse possumus,

on account of, for that knowledge, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 32:

ob eam (amicitiam) summā fide servatam,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

is igitur dicitur ab Amulio ob labefactandi regni timorem, ad Tiberim exponi jussus esse,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

unius ob iram Prodimur,

Verg. A. 1, 251; cf.:

saevae memorem Junonis ob iram,

id. ib. 1, 4; cf.

also: aut ob avaritiam aut miserā ambitione laborat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

barbarus eum quidam palam ob iram interfecti ab eo domini obtruncat,

Liv. 21, 2, 6:

non noxā neque ob metum,

Tac. H. 2, 49:

Germanicum mortem ob rem publicam obiisse,

for the republic, id. A. 2, 83:

cum quibus ob rem pecuniariam disceptabat,

id. ib. 6, 5.—

In partic.

In consideration of, in return for, instead of (mostly ante-class.):

ob asinos ferre argentum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 80; id. Ep. 5, 2, 38:

quin arrhabonem a me accepisti ob mulierem?

id. Rud. 3, 6, 23:

ager oppositus est pignori Ob decem minas,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56: talentum magnum ob unam fabulam datum esse, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 11, 10 fin.:

pecuniam ob absolvendum accipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78:

pecuniam ob delicta dare,

Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Ob rem, like ex re (opp. frustra), to the purpose, with advantage, profitably, usefully (very rare): An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter Phorm. 3, 2, 41:

verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, in vostrā manu situm est,

Sall. J. 31, 5.—

Ob industriam, on purpose, intentionally, Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 6; 2, 3, 58 (id. ib. 2, 3, 60, de industriā); cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 14.—

Quam ob rem, also written in one word, quamobrem, on which account, wherefore, therefore, hence, accordingly; a very freq. particle of transition, esp. in Cic.:

quam ob rem id primum videamus, quatenus, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 11, 36:

quam ob rem utrique nostrūm gratum admodum feceris,

id. ib. 4, 16; 2, 10; 3, 12; 4, 15; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9; 1, 19, 32 et saep.—

Ob id, ob hoc, ob haec, ob ea, ob quae, on that account, therefore (not ante-Aug.).

Ob id:

ignaris hostibus et ob id quietis,

Liv. 25, 35; 28, 2; Tac. A. 2, 66; 3, 75; 13, 5:

ob id ipsum,

Curt. 4, 16, 23.—

Ob hoc:

ob hoc cum omnia neglecta apud hostes essent,

Liv. 25, 37; Sen. Q. N. 7, 14, 4; Col. 7, 3, 21; cf.:

ob hoc miserior,

Sen. Ep. 98, 5. —

Ob haec:

ob haec cum legatos mitti placuisset,

Liv. 8, 23; 21, 50; 38, 34; Cels. 1 praef.—

Ob ea:

ob ea consul Albinus senatum de foedere consulebat,

Sall. J. 39, 2.—

Ob quae:

ob quae posterum diem reus petivit,

Tac. A. 2, 30 fin.; Suet. Ner. 13.—

In composition, the b of ob remains unchanged before vowels and most consonants; only before p, f, c, g, is assimilation more common: oppeto, offero, occido, ogganio, etc.—An ancient form obs, analogous to abs, is implied in obs-olesco and os-tendo.—In signification, that of direction towards, or of existence at or before a thing is predominant, although it likewise gives to the simple verb the accessory notion of against: obicere, opponere, obrogare.

occumbo ( obc-), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n. [ob-cumbo, cubo], to fall or sink down (cf.: occido, obeo, oppeto); hence,

To go down, to set, of the heavenly bodies (postclass.):

cometes cum oriretur occumberetque,

Just. 37, 2, 3:

cum sol occumberet,

Vulg. Gen. 15, 12; id. 3 Reg. 22, 36.—

To fall dying, to die (the class. signif. of the word); constr. absol. or with mortem, morte, or morti.

Absol.: cum veter occubuit Priamus, fell, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

aut occubuissem honeste, aut victores hodie viveremus,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4: pro libertate cos occubuisse, Suet. Aug. 12 fin.:

circa se dimicans occubuerat,

id. Tit. 4:

fertur et ante annos occubuisse suos,

Ov. A. A. 3, 18:

dederat ne ferro occumbere posset,

id. M. 12, 207:

acie,

Suet. Ner. 2.—

With mortem or morte (the vacillation of MSS. between these two forms makes it difficult to ascertain which was the prevailing one; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 387;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 790): pro patriā mortem (al. morte) occumbere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 102 (Kühner, Moser, Orelli, and Baiter have mortem, Klotz and Fischer morte):

quod liberata patria... mortem occubuisset,

Liv. 2, 7, 8; 3, 50, 8; 26, 25, 14:

qui pugnantes mortem occubuissent,

id. 31, 18, 6. —So, too, letum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 390 Vahl.):

necem voluntariam,

Suet. Aug. 13 (al., with inferior MSS., nece voluntariā):

ictus clavā morte occubuit,

Liv. 1, 7, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

morte occumbentis,

id. 8, 10, 4:

ambo pro republicā morte occubuisse,

id. 38, 58.—

With morti (perh. only poet.): pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant obviam. Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.); so,

certae morti, Verg. A. l. l.: neci,

Ov. M. 15, 499.—

To succumb to, fall by the hand of one ( poet.).—With dat.:

Rullo ditissimus agri Occumbis,

Sil. 5, 260; Claud. B. Get. 74.—With per:

per te vidit Vulcani occumbere prolem,

Ov. M. 7, 437. —

Like accumbere, to lie at table, Afran. ap. Non. 97, 29.

ŏb (old form obs, v. III.), prep. with acc. (in late Lat. also with the abl.:

OB PERPETVO EIVS ERGA SE AMORE,

Inscr. Orell. 106) [Osc. op; kindr. with Sanscr. api; Gr. epi].

Lit.

With verbs of motion, towards, to (only ante-class.): IS TERTHS DIEBVS OB PORTVM OBVAGVLATVM ITO, let him go before his house to summon him, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. portum, p. 233 Müll.: ob Romam legiones ducere, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.); cf.:

ob Troiam duxit,

id. ib. p. 178 Müll. (Incert. libr. v. 5 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39; and ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2 (Trag. Rel. p. 211 Rib.).—

With verbs of rest, about, before, in front of, over (in Cic.):

follem sibi obstringit ob gulam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23:

lanam ob oculum habere,

id. Mil. 5, 37:

ob oculos mihi caliginem obstitisse,

before my eyes, id. ib. 2, 4, 51:

mors ob oculos saepe versata est,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; id. Sest. 21, 47:

ignis qui est ob os offusus,

id. Univ. 14.—

Transf., to indicate the object or cause, on account of, for, because of, by reason of, etc.

In gen. (freq. and class.):

etiam ob stultitiam tuam te tueris?

do you still defend yourself with regard to your folly? Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

pretium ob stultitiam fero,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 4; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 23:

ob eam rem iratus,

on that account, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 33:

neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

id. ib. 4, 4, 39; Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 7: Mi. Ob eam rem? De. Ob eam, id. ib. 5. 9, 20:

ob rem nullam,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 2:

hanc Epicurus rationem induxit ob eam rem, quod veritus est, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 10, 23:

ob eam causam, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 7, 12: quam ob causam venerant, id. de Or. 1, 7, 26:

non solum ob eam causam fieri volui, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

ob hanc causam, quod,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

nec ob aliam causam ullam, etc.,

id. Lael. 20, 74:

ob meas injurias,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 85; cf.:

quodnam ob facinus?

id. ib. 5, 2, 3: ob peccatum hoc. id. ib. v. 37:

ob malefacta haec,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ob illam injuriam,

Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46:

ob aliquod emolumentum suum,

id. Font. 8, 17: (eum) ac Troiam misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

ob rem judicandam pecuniam adcipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; id. Att. 1, 17, 8; id. Mur. 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119; Sall. J. 89, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 87:

nec meliores ob eam scientiam nec beatiores esse possumus,

on account of, for that knowledge, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 32:

ob eam (amicitiam) summā fide servatam,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

is igitur dicitur ab Amulio ob labefactandi regni timorem, ad Tiberim exponi jussus esse,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

unius ob iram Prodimur,

Verg. A. 1, 251; cf.:

saevae memorem Junonis ob iram,

id. ib. 1, 4; cf.

also: aut ob avaritiam aut miserā ambitione laborat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

barbarus eum quidam palam ob iram interfecti ab eo domini obtruncat,

Liv. 21, 2, 6:

non noxā neque ob metum,

Tac. H. 2, 49:

Germanicum mortem ob rem publicam obiisse,

for the republic, id. A. 2, 83:

cum quibus ob rem pecuniariam disceptabat,

id. ib. 6, 5.—

In partic.

In consideration of, in return for, instead of (mostly ante-class.):

ob asinos ferre argentum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 80; id. Ep. 5, 2, 38:

quin arrhabonem a me accepisti ob mulierem?

id. Rud. 3, 6, 23:

ager oppositus est pignori Ob decem minas,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56: talentum magnum ob unam fabulam datum esse, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 11, 10 fin.:

pecuniam ob absolvendum accipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78:

pecuniam ob delicta dare,

Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Ob rem, like ex re (opp. frustra), to the purpose, with advantage, profitably, usefully (very rare): An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter Phorm. 3, 2, 41:

verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, in vostrā manu situm est,

Sall. J. 31, 5.—

Ob industriam, on purpose, intentionally, Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 6; 2, 3, 58 (id. ib. 2, 3, 60, de industriā); cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 14.—

Quam ob rem, also written in one word, quamobrem, on which account, wherefore, therefore, hence, accordingly; a very freq. particle of transition, esp. in Cic.:

quam ob rem id primum videamus, quatenus, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 11, 36:

quam ob rem utrique nostrūm gratum admodum feceris,

id. ib. 4, 16; 2, 10; 3, 12; 4, 15; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9; 1, 19, 32 et saep.—

Ob id, ob hoc, ob haec, ob ea, ob quae, on that account, therefore (not ante-Aug.).

Ob id:

ignaris hostibus et ob id quietis,

Liv. 25, 35; 28, 2; Tac. A. 2, 66; 3, 75; 13, 5:

ob id ipsum,

Curt. 4, 16, 23.—

Ob hoc:

ob hoc cum omnia neglecta apud hostes essent,

Liv. 25, 37; Sen. Q. N. 7, 14, 4; Col. 7, 3, 21; cf.:

ob hoc miserior,

Sen. Ep. 98, 5. —

Ob haec:

ob haec cum legatos mitti placuisset,

Liv. 8, 23; 21, 50; 38, 34; Cels. 1 praef.—

Ob ea:

ob ea consul Albinus senatum de foedere consulebat,

Sall. J. 39, 2.—

Ob quae:

ob quae posterum diem reus petivit,

Tac. A. 2, 30 fin.; Suet. Ner. 13.—

In composition, the b of ob remains unchanged before vowels and most consonants; only before p, f, c, g, is assimilation more common: oppeto, offero, occido, ogganio, etc.—An ancient form obs, analogous to abs, is implied in obs-olesco and os-tendo.—In signification, that of direction towards, or of existence at or before a thing is predominant, although it likewise gives to the simple verb the accessory notion of against: obicere, opponere, obrogare.

occumbo ( obc-), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n. [ob-cumbo, cubo], to fall or sink down (cf.: occido, obeo, oppeto); hence,

To go down, to set, of the heavenly bodies (postclass.):

cometes cum oriretur occumberetque,

Just. 37, 2, 3:

cum sol occumberet,

Vulg. Gen. 15, 12; id. 3 Reg. 22, 36.—

To fall dying, to die (the class. signif. of the word); constr. absol. or with mortem, morte, or morti.

Absol.: cum veter occubuit Priamus, fell, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

aut occubuissem honeste, aut victores hodie viveremus,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4: pro libertate cos occubuisse, Suet. Aug. 12 fin.:

circa se dimicans occubuerat,

id. Tit. 4:

fertur et ante annos occubuisse suos,

Ov. A. A. 3, 18:

dederat ne ferro occumbere posset,

id. M. 12, 207:

acie,

Suet. Ner. 2.—

With mortem or morte (the vacillation of MSS. between these two forms makes it difficult to ascertain which was the prevailing one; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 387;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 790): pro patriā mortem (al. morte) occumbere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 102 (Kühner, Moser, Orelli, and Baiter have mortem, Klotz and Fischer morte):

quod liberata patria... mortem occubuisset,

Liv. 2, 7, 8; 3, 50, 8; 26, 25, 14:

qui pugnantes mortem occubuissent,

id. 31, 18, 6. —So, too, letum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 390 Vahl.):

necem voluntariam,

Suet. Aug. 13 (al., with inferior MSS., nece voluntariā):

ictus clavā morte occubuit,

Liv. 1, 7, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

morte occumbentis,

id. 8, 10, 4:

ambo pro republicā morte occubuisse,

id. 38, 58.—

With morti (perh. only poet.): pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant obviam. Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.); so,

certae morti, Verg. A. l. l.: neci,

Ov. M. 15, 499.—

To succumb to, fall by the hand of one ( poet.).—With dat.:

Rullo ditissimus agri Occumbis,

Sil. 5, 260; Claud. B. Get. 74.—With per:

per te vidit Vulcani occumbere prolem,

Ov. M. 7, 437. —

Like accumbere, to lie at table, Afran. ap. Non. 97, 29.

pestis, is, f. [perh. for perd-tis, from perdo], a deadly, esp. an infectious or contagious disease, a plague, pest, pestilence; also, a noxious atmosphere, unhealthy weather (class., but rare for pestilentia; cf. contagio, lues).

Lit.: hos pestis necuit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

ibes avertunt pestem ab Aegypto,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

avertere a populo pestem,

Liv. 4, 25, 3; 5, 14; 25, 26:

alii aliā peste absumpti sunt,

Liv. 25, 19.— Poet.:

crudelem nasorum interfice pestem,

i. e. stinking smell, Cat. 69, 9.—In plur.:

in omnibus morbis ac pestibus,

Col. 7, 5 fin; 2, 9, 9 sq.—

Transf., in gen., destruction, ruin, death (class.): qui alteri exitium parat, Eum scire oportet, sibi paratam pestem ut participet parem, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39 (Trag. v. 22 Vahl.); so with exitium, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 68 Vahl.):

quanta pernis pestis veniet!

Plaut. Capt. 4, 3, 3; Lucr. 3, 347:

detestabilis pestis,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

pestis ac pernicies civitatis,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 2; 9, 25: priusquam oppeto malam pestem (= subeo mortem), Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 15 Vahl.); so,

occidam oppetamque pestem,

will seek my death, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11; cf. id. As. 1, 1, 7:

servatae a peste carinae,

i. e. from the fire, Verg. A. 5, 699:

pestem miserrimam importare alicui,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 43:

machinari alicui,

id. N. D. 3, 26, 67:

minitari,

Liv. 2, 49.—

Concr., of a destructive thing or person, a pest, curse, bane:

quin unā omnes peste hac populum liberant?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 70:

peste interimor textili (of the poisoned and fatal garment of Nessus), Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: coluber, Pestis boum,

Verg. G. 3, 419:

illa furia ac pestis patriae (of Clodius),

id. Sest. 14, 33:

post abitum hujus importunissimae pestis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125:

nec saevior ulla Pestis et ira deūm (of the Harpies),

Verg. A. 3, 214:

pestes frugum,

Plin. 22, 25, 77, § 160;

of Nero: clade et peste sub illā,

Juv. 4, 84.—In plur.:

quaedam pestes hominum,

social pests, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

variae pestes,

Verg. G. 1, 181:

corporeae pestes,

id. A. 6, 737.