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81 Sperry, Elmer Ambrose
[br]b. 21 October 1860 Cincinnatus, Cortland County, New York, USAd. 16 June 1930 Brooklyn, New York, USA[br]American entrepreneur who invented the gyrocompass.[br]Sperry was born into a farming community in Cortland County. He received a rudimentary education at the local school, but an interest in mechanical devices was aroused by the agricultural machinery he saw around him. His attendance at the Normal School in Cortland provided a useful theoretical background to his practical knowledge. He emerged in 1880 with an urge to pursue invention in electrical engineering, then a new and growing branch of technology. Within two years he was able to patent and demonstrate his arc lighting system, complete with its own generator, incorporating new methods of regulating its output. The Sperry Electric Light, Motor and Car Brake Company was set up to make and market the system, but it was difficult to keep pace with electric-lighting developments such as the incandescent lamp and alternating current, and the company ceased in 1887 and was replaced by the Sperry Electric Company, which itself was taken over by the General Electric Company.In the 1890s Sperry made useful inventions in electric mining machinery and then in electric street-or tramcars, with his patent electric brake and control system. The patents for the brake were important enough to be bought by General Electric. From 1894 to 1900 he was manufacturing electric motor cars of his own design, and in 1900 he set up a laboratory in Washington, where he pursued various electrochemical processes.In 1896 he began to work on the practical application of the principle of the gyroscope, where Sperry achieved his most notable inventions, the first of which was the gyrostabilizer for ships. The relatively narrow-hulled steamship rolled badly in heavy seas and in 1904 Ernst Otto Schuck, a German naval engineer, and Louis Brennan in England began experiments to correct this; their work stimulated Sperry to develop his own device. In 1908 he patented the active gyrostabilizer, which acted to correct a ship's roll as soon as it started. Three years later the US Navy agreed to try it on a destroyer, the USS Worden. The successful trials of the following year led to widespread adoption. Meanwhile, in 1910, Sperry set up the Sperry Gyroscope Company to extend the application to commercial shipping.At the same time, Sperry was working to apply the gyroscope principle to the ship's compass. The magnetic compass had worked well in wooden ships, but iron hulls and electrical machinery confused it. The great powers' race to build up their navies instigated an urgent search for a solution. In Germany, Anschütz-Kämpfe (1872–1931) in 1903 tested a form of gyrocompass and was encouraged by the authorities to demonstrate the device on the German flagship, the Deutschland. Its success led Sperry to develop his own version: fortunately for him, the US Navy preferred a home-grown product to a German one and gave Sperry all the backing he needed. A successful trial on a destroyer led to widespread acceptance in the US Navy, and Sperry was soon receiving orders from the British Admiralty and the Russian Navy.In the rapidly developing field of aeronautics, automatic stabilization was becoming an urgent need. In 1912 Sperry began work on a gyrostabilizer for aircraft. Two years later he was able to stage a spectacular demonstration of such a device at an air show near Paris.Sperry continued research, development and promotion in military and aviation technology almost to the last. In 1926 he sold the Sperry Gyroscope Company to enable him to devote more time to invention.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsJohn Fritz Medal 1927. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1928.BibliographySperry filed over 400 patents, of which two can be singled out: 1908. US patent no. 434,048 (ship gyroscope); 1909. US patent no. 519,533 (ship gyrocompass set).Further ReadingT.P.Hughes, 1971, Elmer Sperry, Inventor and Engineer, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (a full and well-documented biography, with lists of his patents and published writings).LRD -
82 грохот
1) General subject: bolt, bolter, brattle, burr, chunking, clatter (машин), crash, crasher, din, drumming, growl, grumble, noise, peal (орудий), pounding, racket, rattle, riddle, roar, roaring, rough music, row de dow, row-de-dow, rumble, screen, separator, sifter, smash, stramash, thunder, thunder clap, thunder-clap, tumult, wallop (от падения)2) Geology: griddle, grizzle, mechanical picker, picker, screener, separation screen3) Naval: crashing4) Colloquial: stand the racket6) Engineering: bolting machine, chaffer, cribble, grate, grate grass, grating, grizzly, jigger, screen (для сортировки по крупности), sieve, sizing screen (для сортировки по крупности)7) Agriculture: filter pan, separating grid, shaker shoe8) Construction: bar grizzly, rider9) Railway term: bolting mill (механический), rattler10) Automobile industry: bolster, rattle barrel11) Mining: bout, classification screen, grizzley12) Metallurgy: (колосниковый) riddle14) Oil: screening machine, sizer, tumbler15) Food industry: bolter (для муки), rack16) Silicates: harp, sizing machine17) Polymers: sieving machine18) Plastics: sifting machine19) Makarov: Niagara, crash (звук), detonation, separator riddle, shaker, shaker bed, shaker separator, sifter (см.тж. screen), smash (при падении, столкновении и т.п.), thunder-cap20) Gold mining: seeve -
83 ковш экскаватора
1) Geology: excavator grab, shovel dipper2) Engineering: excavator bucket, shovel3) Construction: shovel bucket4) Railway term: dipper5) Automobile industry: basket6) Mining: shovel trough7) Makarov: digger8) Gold mining: bucket9) Cement: mechanical shovel bucket -
84 отбойный молоток
1) General subject: breaker hammer, rock drill, rock-drill, mechanical pick2) Geology: chipping hammer, coal pick, gadding machine, pick hammer3) Engineering: buster, chipper, coal hammer, paving breaker, pick-hammer, pneumatic chipper, rock breaker, scaling hammer, Pickax4) Construction: chisel hammer, hand hammer drill, hand sinker, jack hammer, pneumatic drill (AD)5) Mining: air-hammer, gad picker, miner's pick, mining pick, pickhammer, pneumatic coal pick (для работы по углю)6) Metallurgy: scale hammer7) Oil: air hammer, jackhammer, plugger8) Drilling: gadder9) Oilfield: pick10) Industrial economy: hammer11) Instruments: demolition hammer12) Cement: hammer drill -
85 роторный экскаватор
1) Engineering: bucket-wheel excavator, bucketwheel, rotary excavator, wheel excavator2) Construction: bucket wheel excavator3) Mining: rotary mechanical shovel, wheel dredge4) Oil: rotary bucket excavator5) Makarov: ditcher6) Gold mining: bucket wheel reclaimerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > роторный экскаватор
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86 струг
1) General subject: adz, adze, drawing-knife, plane2) Geology: knife plane, mechanical plough, mining plough4) Engineering: draw knife, drawknife, drawshave, grader, iron, knife, knives, paring knife, plow, road grader, scribing iron, shave, shave plane, shaving plane, slicer, spokeshave5) Construction: adz (ручной инструмент для работы по дереву), chip ax, plane knife, jigger6) Railway term: spreader ditcher7) Automobile industry: drawing knife8) Mining: draw plough, planer, (угольный) planing machine, plough, plough-type machine, skimmer9) Forestry: draw shave, draw-knife, freshening tool, plough (для земляных работ), plow (для земляных работ), puller (инструмент для подрумянивания), scraper, spoke shave10) Polygraphy: plow (землеройная машина)11) Leather: shaver12) Makarov: adze (ручной инструмент для работы по дереву), plough (землеройная машина) -
87 барьер
1) General subject: bar, barrier, barriers (на рыцарском турнире), division, ring fence, ring-fence, hassle3) Literal: wall4) Sports: hurdle5) Engineering: baffle, baffler, enclosure, energy barrier (потенциальный), hill (потенциальный), rail6) Agriculture: fence, mechanical abstraction (против эрозии)7) Construction: barrier gate (для сбора оплаты за въезд на платную автомагистраль), crush barrier (на стадионах, вокзалах и т. п.), parting layer8) Mathematics: boundary10) Mining: fence (для поддержания закладки), guard-rail11) Forestry: guard rail12) Politics: roadblock13) Information technology: barrier layer14) Oilfield: block15) Makarov: barrier (потенциальный)16) Horse breeding: obstacle17) Electrical engineering: (потенциальный) barrier18) Printed circuits: dambar (необходим для соединения выводов, чтобы формовочный компаунд не протекал во внешнюю область) -
88 подставка
1) General subject: banker, bracket, chock, easel, fixture, footman, horseblock (для посадки на лошадь), jamb, jambeau, leg, load cell, mat, mount (под призовой кубок, вазу), pedestal, prop, rack, rest, saucer, skid, stack stand, stack-stand (для стога, скирды), staddle, stand, standard, stay, support, tabouret, trestle, trivet (для блюда, кастрюли), upholder, desk tidy (для канцелярских изделий)2) Biology: rack (напр. для пробирок)4) Military: mount leg5) Engineering: brace, jack, platform (внутренняя фурнитура коробки), post, seat, spur (для обжига керамической посуды), stool, straddle, strut6) Construction: Johnson head (мензулы), foot piece, trip head (мензулы)7) Railway term: cheese, projection, support bearing, supporter8) Automobile industry: bearer, cradle, supporting block9) Architecture: coaster10) Mining: cratch11) Cinema: base12) Forestry: tray14) Music: bridge15) Optics: (для лампы) lamp post16) Polygraphy: base (для клише), horse, riser, riser (под клише), saddle17) Immunology: rack (для шприцев, пробирок и т. п.)18) Astronautics: holder, integration stand, load ring, support frame (под КА для транспортировки), support stand (в контейнере)19) Cartography: foot plate20) Geophysics: plate21) Mechanic engineering: pad, (огнеупорная) setter23) Sakhalin energy glossary: spacer, steel berm (spacer)24) Automation: base unit (агрегатного станка), block, holder-up25) Arms production: bipod (для точной стрельбы, например, из винтовки)26) Cables: pan27) General subject: stand (если это просто деревянный блок)28) Makarov: backing (под клише), block (для клише), bridge (скрипки, гитары и т.п.), cross bar (зрительной трубы), frame, patten, rest (для книги), setter, stem29) Billiards: cripple, crutch, duck, granny stick, hanger, hanging the pocket, jawed ball, mechanical bridge, rake -
89 привод
1) General subject: actuating arm, actuator, homing (самолётов, ракет), homing (самолётов), bringing, gearing, propulsion, prior (в полицию)2) Aviation: drive connection, drive pick-up3) Naval: activator, actuating gear, homing device4) Colloquial: compulsory delivery of a person (to a court etc.)6) Engineering: arm (магнитной головки), drive, drive component, drive group, driving, gear system, homing (на радиостанцию), motor means, transmission7) Railway term: driving unit, mechanical facilities, operation (двигателя), shafting, throw rod8) Automobile industry: drive gear, drive mechanism, drivegear, driving actuator, driving gear, force motor9) Mining: whim10) Metallurgy: driving mechanism, traction mechanism11) Information technology: mover12) Oil: drive unit13) Mechanic engineering: driving rope, shaft line14) Silicates: drive (мельницы, вращающейся печи)15) Atomic energy: actuator unit16) Mechanics: actuating device, actuating source17) Drilling: shaft18) Sakhalin energy glossary: power transmission, switch operator19) Missiles: homing (на посадку)20) Polymers: driving motor (электро)21) Automation: drive arrangement, driver, operating mechanism, power mechanism, propelling mechanism, transmission system, traverse actuator (линейного перемещения)22) General subject: actuater (регулирующей заслонки), actuator (регулирующей заслонки)23) Makarov: actuating system, actuation, disk unit, driving system, transmission line24) Bicycle: gear25) Combustion gas turbines: actuating unit -
90 ремонтная мастерская
1) General subject: a repair shop, repair shop, jobbing shop2) Military: repair-workshop3) Engineering: back shop, job shop, jobbing plant, overhaul shop, repair facility, repair section (внутри цеха), repair station (внутри цеха), repairing shop4) Construction: maintenance office5) Railway term: maintenance facility, repair facilities, repair plant6) Economy: repair station (в цехе)7) Automobile industry: repair work shop, repair workshop, salvage shop8) Mining: repair unit9) Forestry: maintenance depot10) Metallurgy: maintenance workshop11) Telecommunications: engineering workshop12) Oil: RS (repair shop), corrective establishment, maintenance shop, repair bay, repair depot, repair establishment, repair station, service shop13) Business: mechanical shop14) Quality control: corrective (repair) establishment, recovery station15) Robots: repair shockproof16) Arms production: workshop17) Makarov: back shop (при депо), hospital18) Logistics: repair truckУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > ремонтная мастерская
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91 смещение
1) General subject: bias, dethronement (с высшей должности), dislocation, dislodgment, displacement, evection, offset, removal (судьи и т. п.), removing, shift, slip, supersedure, supersession, translation, translocation, transposition, zero shift, deposition2) Computers: flushing3) Geology: distortion, disturbance, perturbation, shifting (по разрыву), throw, upheaval4) Naval: crabbing (маршрута)5) Medicine: closed dislocation, deflection, deviation, dislocation (обломков кости), drift, ectopia (внутренних органов), extrusion (органа), malalignment (напр. зуба из линии зубной дуги), recession (чаще назад), relocation, budge (напр., тканей при грыже)6) Military: crab, gun parallax7) Engineering: biasing (электрическое), bulling, dislodging, distortion (крепи от бокового стресса), drift problem, misalignment (выведение из совмещённого или соосного положения), movement, offsetting, potential bias, relative address, shifting motion, skewness, slippage (межмолекулярное), systematic error, wander, travel8) Agriculture: positive displacement pump9) Rare: destitution (с должности)10) Chemistry: dislocating12) Mathematics: blas13) Railway term: drift (характеристики), moving along14) Law: mixtion, replacement15) Automobile industry: desaxe, dislodgement, displacement (насоса), offset (напр. осей гипоидных шестерён), sweeping17) Mining: faulting, heave, pushing (материала)18) Forestry: displacement (аэрофотоснимков)19) Metallurgy: disalignment (валков), offset (напр. свариваемых кромок)20) Polygraphy: moving21) Politics: ouster22) Telecommunications: agitation23) Electronics: electrical bias24) Information technology: excess factor, flush, jiggling, reset, shearing25) Oil: shifting26) Dentistry: tooth dislodgement, tooth displacement, tooth misplacement27) Astronautics: doppler drift, mechanical translation, offbias, parallax29) Metrology: bias voltage30) Mechanics: set-in31) Patents: offset (одной части механизма относительно другой)32) Business: deplacement33) Drilling: unseating34) Polymers: dislocation (атомов)35) Programming: coercion36) Automation: correction (исходного контура ЗК), correction value (напр. исходного контура), float, setover, shifting movement37) Quality control: drift (характеристик), drifting (характеристик)38) Arms production: creep (частей механизма), true base39) Cables: bias (в электронике, радиотехнике), offset (значения), shift (на расстояние, во времени)40) Aviation medicine: subluxation41) Makarov: bias (в полупроводниковых приборах с p-n-переходом), carry-over, creep, creeping (водораздела), deposition (с должности), difference, displacement (на расстояние, во времени), drag (листа при разрезке ножом), drift action, driving, flux density (электрическое), offset (напр. линий центров валов), offset (напр., линий центров валов), offset (скважины), shift (на расстояние, во времени), shifting (1. изменение положения береговой линии; 2. движение или колебание уровня моря), slippage (относительное), transition43) SAP.tech. offset value44) Biometry: confounding45) Foreign Ministry: bias (accelerometer) (акселерометра)46) Dog breeding: luxation47) Caspian: misplacement48) Electrical engineering: (электрическое) bias, (электрическое) biasing, (электрическое) displacement, (электрическое) electrical bias -
92 стык
1) General subject: butt, commissure, fork (дорог), joint, junction, juncture, meeting2) Geology: abutment joint3) Naval: butt seam, end connection, end lap, landing4) Military: boundary, contact point, coordinating point (между частями и подразделениями), interior flank, junction point, junction point (между частями и подразделениями), seam (между подразделениями в обороне)5) Engineering: conjunction, joint group, jointing, jump joint, seam7) Mathematics: joining point8) Railway term: clinch10) Automobile industry: jointing edge, matting faces11) Mining: abutting joint12) Metallurgy: end13) Stylistics: anadiplosis14) Information technology: butting (разновидность сетевого интерфейса)15) Oil: buff, cut point (различных нефтепродуктов при последовательном перекачивании их по трубопроводу), splice16) Immunology: joining17) Communications: interface18) Astronautics: mechanical interface20) Advertising: edit (при видеомонтаже)21) Microelectronics: advice22) Network technologies: integrated digital interface23) Polymers: knit line24) Automation: interfacial joint25) Plastics: weld mark26) Makarov: butt (вид соединения или соединение; для элементов типа балок, колонн и т.п. - соединение в торец; для панелей, листов обшивки судна и т.п. - вертикальное соединение по боковым кромкам), butt joint (вид соединения или соединение; для элементов типа балок, колонн и т.п. - соединение в торец; для панелей, листов обшивки судна и т.п. - вертикальное соединение по боковым кромкам), fish, joint (в системе передачи данных), particulate, parting -
93 схема технологического процесса
1) Engineering: process flow diagram, flow chart2) Economy: arrow diagram (при линейном программировании)3) Accounting: arrow diagram (при линейном, программировании)4) Oil: process engineering flow scheme5) Food industry: process chart6) Advertising: process flow7) Sakhalin energy glossary: Process flow scheme, mechanical flow diagram, (блок-) process flow diagram (see also PFS), see also P&ID8) Microelectronics: flow diagram, process flowchart9) Polymers: processing layout10) Programming: implementation chart11) Sakhalin R: process flow schematic12) Chemical weapons: process flow chart13) Gold mining: flowsheet14) Logistics: layout chartУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > схема технологического процесса
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94 сцепление
1) General subject: adherence, adhesion, bond, coherence, cohesion, concatenation, contact, coupling, friction, hook-up, hookup, linkage, linking, tripping2) Computers: sharing3) Biology: adherence (см. тж adhesion), adhesion (см. тж adherence), connection, linkage (генов)4) Aviation: braking action (на ВПП (good, medium to good, medium, medium to poor, poor or unreliable))5) Naval: jointing6) Medicine: anchorage, conglutination (клеток), interlocking7) Military: locking (затвора со ствольной коробкой)8) Engineering: binding, bite, bonding, chaining (модулей или программ), hooking, mesh, meshing, tractive resistance (с грунтом), clutch9) Construction: keying action, tooth, grip, key (напр; штукатурки со стеной)10) Railway term: adhesion (колёс с рельсами), adhesion capacity, chain, flotation (с грунтом), interlinkage, mechanical bond, spring plate, track adhesion11) Automobile industry: adherence (напр. колеса с почвой), clutch (муфта), clutch (муфта сцепления), crutch, engine clutch12) Forestry: adhesion (напр. колёс с грунтом), traction13) Textile: gearing14) Information technology: catenation, chaining (программ), chaining (конвейерное) (вид конвейеризации, при котором результаты одного тактового цикла используются в операциях следующего), cohesion (элементов модуля), concatenation (строк), linkage (признаков)17) Mechanic engineering: connecting shaft, seizure, throwing-in18) Silicates: bond (бетона с арматурой)19) Drilling: engagement, link, tenacity20) Polymers: drag21) Automation: coupling engagement, enmeshment, gripping, interengagement, interlinking, interlock, locking mating engagement22) Robots: coupler24) Makarov: adhesion (напр колёс с грунтом), adhesion (связь), bite (шин с поверхностью дороги), bond (связь), cohesion (межмолекулярное), engagement (состояние или процесс), ganging, mesh (состояние или процесс)25) Security: chaining (напр. блоков текста)27) Electrochemistry: keying28) Combustion gas turbines: adhesion (колёс локомотива с рельсами) -
95 ударный механизм
1) General subject: firing device, percussion-lock2) Military: firing gear, (взрывателя) firing lock mechanism, firing-pin group (в сборе), (взрывателя) firing-pin mechanism, hammer firing mechanism, (взрывателя) impact mechanism, percussion arrangement, percussion lock, slapper, (взрывателя) striking mechanism, Striker mechanism3) Engineering: firing-pin mechanism, percussive mechanism4) Mathematics: shock mechanism5) Railway term: monkey pile6) Mining: percussive mechanism (бурильного молотка, динамического струга)7) Astronautics: firing lock, firing mechanism, percussion device8) Food industry: knocking mechanism9) Mechanic engineering: knocking gear (для встряхивания)10) Automation: percussion mechanism11) Arms production: gun lock, mechanical firing device12) Makarov: action13) Security: firing mechanism (стрелкового оружия), percussion-type firing mechanism (подрыва гранаты) -
96 Stephenson, Robert
[br]b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 October 1859 London, England[br]English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.[br]Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGR -
97 инженер
муж. engineer инженер транспорта ≈ transportation engineer горный инженер ≈ mining engineer дорожный инженер ≈ highway engineer главный инженер ≈ chief engineerм. engineer;
~-механик mechanical engineer;
~-строитель civil engineer;
~-электрик electrical engineer;
~ный engineering;
~ные войска engineer troops, engineers;
sappers разг. ;
~ная психология industrial psychology. -
98 балласт
1) General subject: metal, spare tyre2) Aviation: dry load3) Naval: lastage4) American: gravel mine5) Engineering: adventitious ash (топлива), dead matter (топлива), inert material6) Construction: ballast (1. груз 2. слой из сыпучих материалов), ballast bed, counterbalance, counterweight, hoggin, sinker bar (для буровых работ), rubble7) Railway term: ballasting, coffering, crib material, metaling, road-metal8) Economy: dead wood (о сотрудниках)9) Mining: kentledge, metal (рельсового пути)10) Forestry: filler11) Metallurgy: inert (компоненты угля, снижающие эффективность его использовани)12) Oil: ballast (water) (балластная вода)13) Astronautics: dead weight14) Silicates: ballast aggregate15) Makarov: ballast (груз, улучшающий мореходные кач-ва), ballast (материал для балластного слоя верхнего строения пути)16) oil&gas: surface17) Tengiz: ( mechanical) solids, ballast (selected materials such as crushed stone placed on the roadbed to hold the track in line and surface. Type and gradation of the material to be used are important), gravel, noncombustibles -
99 загрузочное устройство
1) Engineering: charger, charging arrangement, charging machine, feeder, feeding assembly, feeding device, loader, loading device, loading machine, loading unit, loading installation2) Automobile industry: charging appliance3) Mining: loading structure4) Forestry: receiving section5) Metallurgy: charging device, charging gear, charging mechanism, feeding apparatus, feeding equipment, feeding installation, (загрузочный) magazine, magazine6) Information technology: boot drive, load device7) Oil: charging apparatus, filler8) Silicates: charging feeder9) Mechanics: inlet shuttle, loading space10) Drilling: distributor11) Polymers: hopper filler, hopper loader, loading system12) Automation: feed-in pocket, handling appliance, (транспортно-) handling system, in-feed system, input device, load mechanism, loading mechanism, machine-mounted loader, machine-mounted-type loader, mechanical interface, pick up apparatus, placement unit, shuttle unit (с возвратно-поступательным движением)13) Makarov: boot14) oil&gas: charge feeder, charge hopper15) Cement: feeding arrangementУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > загрузочное устройство
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100 задержка
1) General subject: arrest, backset, balk, break, check, checking, delay, detention, heel dragging, heel-dragging, held ball, held-ball, hitch, hold-up, holdback, impediment, inhibition, intermittence, interruption, lag, lead time, let-up (рейса, роста цен и т.д.), obstructivity, retardation, set back, setback (развития), stop, stoppage, stumble, tarriance, throw back, throw-back, tie up, tie-up (производства, движения), timeout, trouble4) Medicine: catch, hindrance, retention, suppression, late menstrual period, late period, late periods, delayed menstrual period5) Colloquial: (о менструации) be late for one's period7) Obsolete: tarry9) Military: cut-off (затвора), hold, jamming, lag time, malfout (механизма), malfunction (механизма), malfunctioning (механизма), retainer, stoppage (при стрельбе)10) Engineering: detaining, dwell, entrapment, hesitation, holdup, lagging, latency, objection, retard, stopping, dwell time (фиксированный промежуток времени выходного импульса датчика)11) Agriculture: setback (развития и т.п.)12) Construction: time lag (во времени)14) Religion: cunctation15) Railway term: congestion, detection, drag (движения), escapement (о реле)16) Law: mora17) Economy: blocking19) Veterinary medicine: stricture20) Mining: obstruction21) Diplomatic term: setback (в развитии), tie-up (производства, движения и т.п.)24) Polygraphy: transposition (в вызове матрицы из канала магазина)25) Psychology: inertia (раздражения в ответ на стимуляцию)26) Telecommunications: inequality27) Physics: arrestment28) Electronics: time delay29) Jargon: bug30) Information technology: deference31) Oil: holdup (количество перегоняемой жидкости, остающейся в ректификационной колонне)32) Fishery: ent retinaculum34) Business: standstill, stay36) Missiles: hold (в регламентных работах по подготовке и пуску)37) Quality control: blocking (обслуженного требования), lateness (относительно директивного срока в системе ПЕРТ)38) Arms production: fails to fire (в действии механизма оружия), mechanical stoppage, temporary stoppage39) Telephony: camp-on (обслуживания вызова)40) Cables: retardance, retardence (retardance)41) Makarov: delay (по времени), dwell (сигнала в гидросистеме), impediment (роста), inhibit, lag (по времени), lay-off, repose, staying, stoppage (срабатывания механизма), suspense, suspension42) Karachaganak: slippage (по времени)43) Basketball: (тип нарушения) holding
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