mās

mās, măris (n. mare, rare; gen. plur [p. 1117] marium, Cic. Part. Or. 10, 35; Mel. 3, 9, 5), adj. [prob. from Sanscr. root man, think; manus, man, human being; cf.: memini, moneo, etc.], male, masculine, of the male sex:

mare et femineum sexus,

App. de Mund. p. 66 med.:

maribus (sc. diis),

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29:

si marem (anguem) emisisset... si feminam, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 18, 36; id. Part. Or. 10; so,

emissio maris anguis (opp. emissio feminae anguis),

id. Div. 2, 29, 62: mas vitellus, a male yolk, i. e. which would produce a male chick, Hor. S. 2, 4, 14.—Of plants:

ure mares oleas,

Ov. F. 4, 741.—

Transf., masculine, manly, brave ( poet.):

quod mares homines amant,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 32:

maribus Curiis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 64:

animi,

id. A. P. 402:

male mas,

unmanly, effeminate, Cat. 16, 13:

atque marem strepitum fidis intendisse Latinae,

i. e. a manly, noble strain, Pers. 6, 4.—As subst.: mās, māris, a male (opp. femina, v. infra).

Lit., of gods, human beings, and animals:

congressio maris et feminae,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24, 38:

et mares deos et feminas esse dicitis,

id. N. D. 1, 34, 95:

(bestiarum) aliae mares, aliae feminae sunt... et in mare et in femina, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 51, 128; cf.:

feminaque ut maribus conjungi possit,

Lucr. 5, 853:

marium expers,

Suet. Claud. 33; so,

marium pignora,

id. Aug. 21 Oud. N. cr.:

stuprum in maribus,

Quint. 11, 1, 84:

vos tollite laudibus, mares, Delon Apollinis,

Hor. C. 1, 21, 10.—

Trop., of plants:

in tilia mas et femina differunt omni modo: namque et materies dura ac nodosa, etc.,

Plin. 16, 14, 25, § 65:

cognati virilis sexus, per mares descendentes,

Ulp. Fragm. 26, 1.

* * *

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cētĕrus ( caet-), a, um (the nom. sing. masc. not in use; the sing., in gen., rare; in Cic. perh. only three times), adj. [pronom. stem ki, and compar. ending; cf. heteros], the other, that which exists besides, can be added to what is already named of a like kind with it; the other part (while reliquus is that which yet remains of an object, the rest;

e. g. stipendium pendere et cetera indigna pati,

and endured other indignities of the kind, Liv. 21, 20, 6. On the other hand:

jam vero reliqua—not cetera —quarta pars mundi ea et ipsa totā naturā fervida est, et ceteris naturis omnibus salutarem impertit et vitalem calorem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 33; Doed. Syn. 1, p. 83. Still these ideas, esp. after the Aug. per., are often confounded, and the Engl., the remainder, the rest, and the adverb. phrase for the rest, etc., can be used interchangeably for both words).

Masc.:

si vestem et ceterum ornatum muliebrem pretii majoris habeat,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 (also in Quint. 5, 11, 28); Nep. Dat. 3, 1:

laeta et imperatori ceteroque exercitui,

Liv. 28, 4, 1:

vestitu calciatuque et cetero habitu,

Suet. Calig. 52: illos milites subduxit, exercitum ceterum servavit, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:

cohortes veteranas in fronte, post eas ceterum exercitum in subsidiis locat,

Sall. C. 59, 5:

a cetero exercitu,

Curt. 5, 9, 11; Tac. Agr. 17; Suet. Galb. 20 fin.:

de cetero numero candidatorum,

id. Caes. 41.—

Fem.:

cetera jurisdictio,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

vita,

Sall. C. 52, 31:

aetas,

Verg. G. 3, 62:

nox,

Ov. M. 12, 579:

silva,

id. ib. 8, 750:

turba,

id. ib. 3, 236; 12, 286; Hor. S. 2, 8, 26:

classis,

Liv. 35, 26, 9:

deprecatio,

id. 42, 48, 3; 21, 7, 7:

inter ceteram planitiem mons,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

Graeciam,

Nep. Paus. 2, 4:

aciem,

Liv. 6, 8, 6:

multitudinem,

id. 35, 30, 8:

(super) turbam,

Suet. Calig. 26:

manum procerum,

Tac. Or. 37:

pro ceterā ejus audaciā atque amentiā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:

pluviā (aquā) utebantur,

Sall. J. 89, 6:

ceterā (ex) copiā militum,

Liv. 35, 30, 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 1:

ceterā (pro) reverentiā,

id. ib. 3, 8, 1:

ceterā (cum) turbā,

Suet. Claud. 12 al. —

Neutr.:

cum a pecu cetero absunt,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 20:

non abhorret a cetero scelere,

Liv. 1, 48, 5; Suet. Aug. 24:

cetero (e) genere hominum,

id. ib. 57:

quanto violentior cetero mari Oceanus,

Tac. A. 2, 24 al. — Subst.: cētĕ-rum, i, n., the rest:

elocuta sum convivas, ceterum cura tu,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 6:

ceterum omne incensum est,

Liv. 22, 20, 6; so,

de cetero,

as for the rest, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 26; Curt. 4, 1, 14 al.;

and in ceterum,

for the rest, for the future, Sen. Ep. 78, 15.—

Plur., the rest, the others (freq. in all periods and species of composition):

de reliquis nihil melius ipso est: ceteri et cetera ejus modi, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 5:

multae sunt insidiae bonis nosti cetera,

id. Planc. 24, 59; id. Fat. 13, 29:

cetera de genere hoc, adeo sunt multa, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 5, 38:

ut omittam cetera,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18:

ibi Amineum... Lucanum serito, ceterae vites in quemvis agrum conveniunt,

Cato, R. R. 6, 4:

quam fortunatus ceteris sim rebus, absque una hac foret,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 25: nam ceteri fere, qui artem orandi litteris tradiderunt, ita sunt exorsi, quasi, etc., Quint. prooem. § 4; id. 10, 1, 80:

ceterae partes loquentem adjuvant, hae ipsae loquuntur,

id. 11, 3, 85:

sane ceterarum rerum pater familias et prudens et attentus, unā in re paulo minus consideratus,

Cic. Quint. 3, 11:

hanc inter ceteras vocem,

Quint. 9, 4, 55: de justitiā, fortitudine, temperantiā ceterisque similibus, id. prooem. § 12; 3, 5, 5;

2, 4, 38: ego ceteris laetus, hoc uno torqueor,

Curt. 6, 5, 3.—

Et cetera ceteraque or cetera, and so forth, kai ta hexês, when one refers to a well-known object with only a few words, or mentions only a few from a great number of objects, Cic. de Or. 2, 32, 141:

ut illud Scipionis, Agas asellum et cetera,

id. ib. 2, 64, 258; id. Top. 6, 30; 11, 48; id. Tusc. 2, 17, 39; id. Att. 2, 19, 3:

et similiter cetera,

Quint. 4, 1, 14:

vina ceteraque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 91; Curt. 3, 4, 10:

solem, lunam, mare, cetera,

Lucr. 2, 1085:

fundum, aedes, parietem, supellectilem, penus, cetera,

Cic. Top. 5. 27.—

Hence, the advv.,

cē-tĕrum (orig. acc. respectiv.), lit. that which relates to the other, the rest (besides what has been mentioned).

For the rest, in other respects, otherwise (in good prose):

nihil, nisi ut ametis impero: Ceterum quantum lubet me poscitote aurum, ego dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 52: tu aurum rogato: ceterum ( for the rest, in respect to the rest) verbum sat est, id. ib. 4, 8, 37: precator, qui mihi sic oret: nunc amitte quaeso hunc;

ceterum Posthac si quicquam, nil precor,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 91:

ego me in Cumano et Pompeiano, praeterquam quod sine te, ceterum satis commode oblectabam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 1:

foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt,

Liv. 1, 24, 3; cf. Sall. J. 2, 4; 75, 3; Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Curt. 4, 1, 18.—Rarely after the verb: argentum accepi;

nil curavi ceterum,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 12: numquid me vis ceterum? id. Ep. 4, 2, 76.—

= alioquin, introducing a conclusion contrary to fact (mostly post-class.), otherwise, else, in the opposite event, = Gr. allôs: non enim cogitaras;

ceterum Idem hoc melius invenisses,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 62:

ita et anima... solam vim ejus exprimere non valuit,... ceterum non esset anima, sed spiritus,

Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 9; App. M. 7, p. 200, 33; Dig. 4, 4, 7, § 2 al.—

In passing to another thought, besides, for the rest; very freq. (esp. in the histt.; usu. placed at the beginning of a new clause;

only in the comic poets in the middle): Filium tuom te meliust repetere, Ceterum uxorem abduce ex aedibus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 73; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 31; Sall. J. 4, 1; 20, 8; 29, 2; Quint. 6, 1, 8; 8, 6, 51; 9, 2, 14 al.; Suet. Caes. 4; 16; id. Tib. 42; id. Claud. 1; Curt. 3, 1, 4; 3, 3, 7; 3, 6, 13; Col. 8, 8, 5:

dehinc ceterum valete,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 125; cf. id. ib. 91. —

With a restricting force, commonly contrasted with quidem or a neg. phrase; often to be translated by but, yet, notwithstanding, still, on the other hand (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

cum haud cuiquam in dubio esset, bellum ab Tarquiniis imminere, id quidem spe omnium serius fuit: ceterum, id quod non timebant, per dolum ac proditionem prope libertas amissa est,

Liv. 2, 3, 1; Plin. Pan. 5, 4; Flor. 3, 1, 11; Suet. Aug. 8; 66; id. Tib. 61 fin.; id. Gram. 4 al.:

eos multum laboris suscipere, ceterum ex omnibus maxume tutos esse,

Sall. J. 14, 12:

avidus potentiae, honoris, divitiarum, ceterum vitia sua callide occultans,

id. ib. 15, 3; 52, 1; 83, 1; id. C. 51, 26:

eo rem se vetustate oblitteratam, ceterum suae memoriae infixam adferre,

Liv. 3, 71, 6:

id quamquam, nihil portendentibus diis, ceterum neglegentia humana acciderat, tamen, etc.,

id. 28, 11, 7; 9, 21, 1; 21, 6, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ut quisquis factus est princeps, extemplo fama ejus, incertum bona an mala, ceterum aeterna est,

Plin. Pan. 55, 9:

pauca repetundarum crimina, ceterum magicas superstitiones objectabat,

Tac. A. 12, 59; cf. Liv. 3, 40, 11.—

cē-tĕra (properly acc. plur.), = talla, ta loipa, as for the rest, otherwise; with adjj., and (in poets) with verbs (not found in Cic. or Quint.).

With adj.:

Bocchus praeter nomen cetera ignarus populi Romani,

Sall. J. 19, 7:

hastile cetera teres praeterquam ad extremum,

Liv. 21, 8, 10:

excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 50 (cf. the passage cited under ceterum, II. A. 1. fin., Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 1):

cetera Graius,

Verg. A. 3, 594 (so prob. also Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3, where others read ad cetera):

virum cetera egregium secuta,

Liv. 1, 35, 6:

vir cetera sanctissimus,

Vell. 2, 46, 2 Ruhnk.; Plin. 8, 15, 16, § 40; 12, 6, 13, § 25; 22, 25, 64, § 133; Tac. G. 29.—

With verbs: cetera, quos peperisti, ne cures, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 656:

quiescas cetera,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 53:

cetera parce, puer, bello,

Verg. A. 9, 656; cf. Sil. 17, 286:

cetera non latet hostis,

id. 2, 332; Mart. 13, 84.—

cētĕrō, peculiar to the Nat. Hist. of Pliny, for the rest, in other respects, otherwise:

cetero viri quam feminae majus,

Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 133; so id. 3, 11, 16, § 105; 6, 26, 30, § 122; 8, 3, 4, § 7;

10, 1, 1, § 1 al.: est et alia iritis cetero similis, at praedura,

id. 37, 9, 52, § 138.—

Of time: palumbes incubat femina post meridiana in matutinum, cetero mas,

id. 10, 58, 79, § 159.

fēmĭna, ae, f. [from fe-, fev-, = Gr. phu-ô, to produce; whence: fetus, fecundus, faenus, felix; cf. Sanscr. bhuas, bhavas, to become; Lat. fi-o, fu-turus], a female.

Lit.

Of human beings, a female, woman (cf.: uxor, mulier, matrona;

conjux, marita): ut a prima congressione maris et feminae... ordiar,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

et mares deos et feminas esse dicitis,

id. N. D. 1, 34, 95:

ambiguus fuerit modo vir, modo femina Sithon,

Ov. M. 4, 280; cf. Lucr. 4, 819:

in claris viris et feminis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

pulchritudine eximiā femina,

id. Div. 1, 25, 52:

feminae notitiam habere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21 fin.:

naturam feminarum omnem castitatem pati,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29; cf. id. Rep. 3, 10 fin.:

bona,

id. Phil. 3, 6, 16; cf.:

praestantissima omnium feminarum,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

sanctissima atque optima,

id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

probatissima,

id. Caecin. 4, 10:

primaria,

id. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

decreta super jugandis feminis,

Hor. C. S. 19:

varium et mutabile semper femina,

Verg. A. 4, 570:

tunc femina simplex,

the female character undisguised, Juv. 6, 327.— Adj.:

inter quas Danai femina turba senis,

Prop. 2, 31 (3, 29), 4.—Applied as a term of reproach to effeminate men, Ov. M. 12, 470; Sil. 2, 361; Suet. Caes. 22; Just. 1, 3; Curt. 3, 10 fin. al.—

Of beasts, a female, she:

(bestiarum) aliae mares, aliae feminae sunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 128: lupus femina feta repente, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 355, and ap. Non. 378, 18 (Ann. v. 70 and 73 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

habendas triduum ferias et porco femina piaculum pati (shortly before, porca),

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

sus,

Col. 7, 9, 3:

anas,

Plin. 29, 5, 33, § 104:

anguis,

Cic. Div. 1, 18, 36; 2, 29, 62:

piscis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 482; Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157; Ov. M. 2, 701.—

Transf., in the lang. of nat. hist., of plants and minerals:

mas in palmite floret, femina citra florem germinat tantum spicae modo,

Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; ib. § 34;

so of other plants,

id. 16, 33, 60, § 139; 16, 34, 62, § 145:

21, 10, 32, § 58 et saep.: in omni genere (carbunculorum) masculi appellantur acriores, et feminae languidius refulgentes,

Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 92;

of the loadstone,

id. 36, 16, 25, § 128.—In mechanics, cardo femina, different from cardo masculus (v. cardo, 2), Vitr. 9, 9 med. —

In gram., the feminine gender, Quint. 1, 6, 12; 1, 4, 24.

forceps, cĭpis ( gen. plur. forcipium, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 74), m. and f. (m., Cels. 7, 12; 8, 4; f., Ov. M. 12, 277) [root in Sanscr. ghar-mas, glow, warmth; Gr. ther-, thermê, theros; Lat. for-mus, for-nus, fornax and cap-io], a pair of tongs, pincers, forceps (cf.:

forfex, volsella): forcipem invenit Cinyra Agriopae filius,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 195.

Lit.:

Cyclopes versant tenaci forcipe ferrum,

Verg. G. 4, 175; firetongs, id. A. 12, 404; Ov. M. 12, 277: uncis forcipibus dentes evelleret, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 74 P.; pincers for drawing teeth, Cels. 7, 12; 8, 4;

and for other surgical purposes,

id. 7, 5; Col. 6, 26, 2:

compressa forcipe lingua,

Ov. M. 6, 556:

ceu guttura forcipe pressus,

id. ib. 9, 78: ferrei, iron tongs or hooks attached to a tackle, and which, by firmly grasping a mass of stone or marble, raise it aloft, Vitr. 10, 2 (al. forfices).—

Transf., a kind of battlearray, with diverging wings, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. serra, p. 344 Müll.; Gell. 10, 9, 1; Veg. Mil. 3, 18 (al. forfex).

fūnus, ĕris, n. [Sanscr. dhū-mas, smoke; v. fumus], a funeral procession, funeral rites, burial, funeral, usually with reference to the burning of the body; cf.: funus est jam ardens cadaver; quod dum portatur, exsequias dicimus; crematum, reliquias;

conditum jam, sepulcrum,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 539 (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

funus, quo amici conveniunt ad exsequias cohonestandas,

Cic. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

mater exsequias illius funeris prosecuta,

id. Clu. 71, 201:

funus innumeris exsequiis celebratum,

Plin. 10, 43, 60, § 122:

mercedem funeris ac sepulturae constituere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 134:

maeror funeris,

id. Lael. 3, 11:

cui acerbissimum funus ducitur,

id. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

funus triumphali portā ducendum,

Suet. Aug. 100:

facere filio,

Cic. Clu. 9, 28:

celebrare,

Liv. 8, 10, 10:

ornare,

Cic. Rep. 6, 2; Suet. Aug. 100:

paterno funeri omnia justa solvere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

funeri operam dare,

id. Att. 15, 1, B, 1:

venire in funus,

id. ib.: pro ea copia quae Athenis erat, funus ei (Marcello) satis amplum faciendum curavi, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 3:

funus militare alicui facere,

Liv. 3, 43, 7; cf.:

prodire (alicui) in funus,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 88; Varr. R. R. 1, 69, 2:

funere efferri,

Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 225; Suet. Ner. 9; 30; 33:

praetereunte funere,

id. Tib. 57:

corpus crematum publico funere,

id. ib. 75:

nec te in tua funera mater Produxi (= funus tuum duxi),

Verg. A. 9, 486:

funus imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

i. e. be borne at the head of the procession, Hor. Epod. 8, 11:

sub ipsum funus,

id. C. 2, 18, 18:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85.—Comically: fecisti funus med absente prandio: Cur ausu's facere, quoi ego adaeque heres eram? have buried, i. e. devoured it, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 27.—In plur.:

funera agitant, exsequia ititant,

Naev. 3, 9: nemo me lacrumis decoret, nec funera fletu Faxit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34, and de Sen. 20, 73 (Epigr. 3, p. 162 Vahl.);

poetically imitated by Cicero: linquamus amicis Maerorem, ut celebrent funera cum gemitu, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 49, 117: cum senatus auctoritatem suam in virorum fortium funeribus ornamentisque ostenderit,

id. Phil. 9, 7, 16:

edictum, quod de funeribus habeant (aediles curules),

id. ib. §

17: tristia,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 74:

tria si concurrant foro,

id. S. 1, 6, 43:

justa reddere alicui,

Plin. 10, 2, 2, § 4; Sil. 2, 184.—

Transf.

A dead body, corpse, =cadaver ( poet.):

haeccine parva meum funus arena teget?

Prop. 1, 17, 8:

lacerum,

Verg. A. 9, 491.—In plur., of a corpse, Val. Fl. 3, 298:

mixta senum ac juvenum densentur funera,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 19; of the manes of the departed:

cum semel infernas intrarunt funera leges,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 3.—

Death, esp. violent death, murder (mostly poet.):

maturo propior... funeri,

Hor. C. 3, 15, 4:

vicinum funus ut aegros Exanimat,

id. S. 1, 4, 126:

exstinctum Nymphae crudeli funere Daphnin Flebant,

Verg. E. 5, 20:

(quos) Abstulit atra dies, et funere mersit acerbo,

id. A. 6, 429:

qui patrios foedasti funere vultus,

with murder, id. ib. 2, 539.—Freq. in plur.:

quae funera Turnus Ediderit,

Verg. A. 9, 526; cf. id. ib. 10, 602; Hor. C. 1, 15, 10; 4, 14, 49; once in Cic., acc. to Nonius: ut vix hominum acerbis funeribus satietur, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 300, 26 (id. Rep. 2, 41 Mos.).—

Trop., destruction, ruin, fall (rare but class.):

vir summā eloquentiā dixit graviter, casum illum meum funus esse rei publicae, sed funus justum et indictum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45:

dum Capitolio Regina (Cleopatra) dementes ruinas Funus et imperio parabat,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 8. —In plur.:

sub lacrimosa Trojae Funera,

Hor. C. 1, 8, 15:

pro dira pudoris funera,

Luc. 4, 231.—Also concr. of persons plotting destruction:

Gabinium et Pisonem, duo rei publicae portenta ac paene funera,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 2.

lentus, a, um, adj. [cf. lenis], pliant, flexible, tough, tenacious, sticky, viscous (syn.: flexilis, tardus, serus).

Lit.:

viburna,

Verg. E. 1, 26:

vitis,

id. ib. 3, 38:

genistae,

id. G. 2, 12:

rami,

id. ib. 4, 558:

flagellum,

Phaedr. 3, 6, 6:

verbera,

i. e. produced with the limber whip, Verg. G. 3, 208:

argentum,

id. A. 7, 634; Cat. 61, 106; Tib. 4, 1, 171:

lentior salicis virgis,

Ov. M. 13, 800:

gluten visco et pice lentius,

tougher, more tenacious, Verg. G. 4, 41:

ita istaec nimis lenta vincla sunt escaria,

adhesive, tenacious, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 18; cf.:

lentis adhaerens brachiis,

Her. Epod. 15, 6:

quoniam mas (aron) esset in coquendo lentior,

Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 143.—

Transf., slow, sluggish, immovable:

tellus lenta gelu,

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 39:

amnis,

Plin. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

in lento luctantur marmore tonsae,

sluggish, motionless, Verg. A. 7, 28:

lento pilo,

Tib. 4, 1, 90:

asinus,

Phaedr. 1, 15, 7:

uteri pondera lenta,

immovable, heavy, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 96 (100):

herba durior et in coquendo lentior,

slower, longer, Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 143:

venenum,

Tac. A. 6, 32:

remedia,

Curt. 3, 5, 13; Suet. Tib. 73:

miserum populum Romanum, qui sub tam lentis maxillis erit,

id. ib. 21:

lentaque fori pugnamus harena,

Juv. 7, 47:

funus matris,

slow in coming, id. 6, 565.—

Trop.

Lasting or continuing long:

militiae,

Tib. 1, 3, 82:

amor,

id. 1, 4, 81:

spes,

Ov. H. 2, 9:

tranquillitatis lentissimae taedium,

Sen. Ep. 70:

lentus abesto,

remain long away, Ov. R. Am. 243:

vivacitas adeo lenta,

persistent, Plin. 8, 27, 41, § 100.—

Slow, lingering, lazy:

lentus in dicendo,

drawling, Cic. Brut. 48:

mortis genus,

Suet. Caes. 87:

si lentus pigrā muniret castra dolabra,

Juv. 8, 248:

ira deorum,

id. 13, 100.—

With gen.:

lentus coepti,

Sil. 3, 176.—

With inf.:

nec Idalia lenta incaluisse sagitta,

Sil. 5, 19.—

Of bad payers, slow, backward:

infitiatores,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10:

negotium,

tedious, id. Att. 1, 12; 1, 13 fin. —

Of character, easy, calm, indifferent, unconcerned, phlegmatic, sluggish, obstinate:

ut multa verba feci, ut lenta materies fuit,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 4:

genus ridiculi patientis ac lenti,

Cic. de Or. 2, 69:

nimium patiens et lentus existimor,

id. ib. 2, 75:

Hannibalem lenti spectamus,

Liv. 22, 14:

lentus in suo dolore,

Tac. A. 3, 70:

tu, Tityre, lentus in umbra,

at ease, Verg. E. 1, 4: lentissima pectora, insensible, cold (to love), Ov. H. 15, 169.—

(Pliant, hence) Ready, willing, Lucil. ap. Non. 22, 32, and 338, 13.—Hence, adv.: lentē, slowly, without haste, leisurely.

Lit.:

lente ac paulatim proceditur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 80:

currere,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 40:

corpora lente augescunt, cito exstinguuntur,

Tac. Agr. 3:

Nilus evagari incipit, lente primo, deinde vehementius,

Plin. 18, 18, 47, § 167. — Comp.:

ipse cum reliquis copiis lentius subsequitur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 40.— Sup.:

asinus lentissime mandit,

Col. 2, 15.—

Transf., pliantly, readily:

arida ligna lentius serrae cedunt,

Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 227. —

Trop.

Calmly, dispassionately, indifferently:

aliquid lente ferre,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 338, 9:

agere,

Liv. 1, 10: respondere, to answer [p. 1051] cooly, phlegmatically, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287. — Comp.:

sed haec videri possunt odiosiora, cum lentius disputantur,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10:

quid lentius, celerius dicendum,

Quint. 1, 8, 1.—

In a good sense, calmly, considerately, attentively:

nisi eum (librum) lente ac fastidiose probavissem,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 1.

lĕvātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].

A lifting up, raising, elevating:

onerum levationes facere,

Vitr. 10, 8; a metrical t. t. = arsis, Aug. Mas. II. 18.—

Trop.

An alleviation, mitigation, relief (class.):

alicui esse levationi,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 5:

ea, quae levationem habeant aegritudinum,

may produce an alleviation, may alleviate, id. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

levationem invenire acerbissimis doloribus,

id. ib. 5, 41, 121:

doloris at officii debiti,

id. Att. 12, 23, 3.—

A diminishing (rare but class.):

vitiorum,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67:

periculi,

Vell. 2, 130 fin.

lībertīnus, a, um, adj. [libertus], of or belonging to the condition of a freedman (opp. ingenuus, of the condition of a freeborn person; cf. in the foll. the passage Tac. A. 15, 57, and under II. A. the passage from Gai. Inst. 1, 10 and 11):

homo liber, qui se vendidit, manumissus non ad suum statum revertitur, quo se abdicavit, sed efficitur libertinae condicionis,

enters into the condition of a freedman, becomes a freedman, Dig. 1, 5, 21:

in classem mille socii navales cives Romani libertini ordinis scribi jussi,

Liv. 43, 12, 9; 42, 27, 3 (for which:

navales socii cives Romani, qui servitutem servissent,

id. 40, 18, 7); Suet. Gram. 18:

Atilius quidam libertini generis,

Tac. A. 4, 62; 2, 85; Suet. Aug. 44:

libertinus homo,

a freedman, Cic. Balb. 11, 28; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; id. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124; cf.:

mulieris libertinae sermo,

of a freedwoman, Liv. 39, 13, 2:

libertina mulier,

Tac. A. 15, 57; Suet. Calig. 16:

ut me libertino patre natum,

of a father who was a freedman, Hor. S. 1, 6, 6;

so,

id. ib. 45; 46; id. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

sunt etiam libertini optimates,

Cic. Sest. 45, 97:

miles,

Suet. Aug. 25:

plebs,

Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 48:

opes,

Mart. 5, 13, 6:

homines libertini ordinis,

Gell. 5, 19, 12.—Hence,

Subst.

lībertīnus, i, m., a freedman (in reference to his status in society or the state;

whereas a freedman was called libertus in reference to the manumitter): qui servus est, si manumittatur, fit libertinus,

Quint. 5, 10, 60; cf.:

servus cum manumittitur, libertinus: addictus recepta libertate ingenuus,

id. 7, 3, 27:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini. Ingenui sunt, qui liberi nati sunt: libertini sunt, qui ex justa servitute manumissi sunt,

Gai. Inst. 1, §§ 10 and 11; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 10:

sed ita pars libertinorumst, nisi patrono qui advorsatust, ni illi offecit, etc.,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 57:

Ti. Gracchus libertinos in urbanas tribus transtulit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38; id. Phil. 3, 6 fin.:

libertini centuriati,

Liv. 10, 21, 4:

libertinis detrahenda est auctoritas,

Quint. 11, 1, 88:

neminem libertinorum adhibitum ab eo cenae,

Suet. Aug. 74:

primus omnium libertinorum scribere' historiam orsus,

id. Rhet. 3:

quae deberetur cuidam libertino, clienti tuo,

id. Caes. 2; cf. id. Claud. 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281:

unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste,

id. ib. 2, 7, 12:

libertinis nullo jure uti praetextis licebat,

Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.—

Transf., the son of a freedman, opp. libertus, the freedman himself (only acc. to a statement of Suetonius and of Isidore; v. the foll.):

ignarus, temporibus Appii et deinceps aliquandiu libertinos dictos non ipsos, qui manumitterentur, sed ingenuos ex his procreatos,

Suet. Claud. 24:

libertorum filii apud antiquos libertini appellabantur, quasi de libertis nati. Nunc vero libertinus aut a liberto factus aut possessus,

Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 47: libertinos ab ingenuis adoptari jure posse, Mas. Sab. ap. Gell. 5, 19, 11.—

lībertīna, ae, f., a freedwoman, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 16:

ingenuamne an libertinam?

id. ib. 3, 1, 189:

amore libertinae perinfamis,

Suet. Vit. 2:

aulica,

id. Oth. 2; Gai. Inst. 3, § 51:

tutior merx est Libertinarum,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 48:

Myrtale,

id. C. 1, 33, 15:

Phryne,

id. Epod. 14, 15:

libertinas ducere,

Ulp. Fragm. 13, 1:

libertinae quae longa veste uterentur,

Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.

lībertīnus, i, v. 1. libertinus, II. A.

lignum, i, n. [prob. root leg-, v. 2. lĕgo; that which is gathered, i. e. for firewood], wood ( firewood. opp. to materia, timber for building, Dig. 32, 1, 55).

Lit. (class. only in plur.):

ligna neque fumosa erunt et ardebunt bene,

Cato, R. R. 130:

ligna et sarmenta circumdare, ignem subicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:

ignem ex lignis viridibus atque umidis fieri jussit,

id. ib. 2, 1, 17, §

45: ligna super foco Large reponens,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 5: ligna et virgas et carbones quibusdam videri esse in penu, Mas. Sab. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 22.—Prov.: in silvam ligna ferre, i. e. to perform useless labor, or, as we say in English, to carry coals to Newcastle, Hor. S. 1, 10, 34:

lignorum aliquid posce,

Juv. 7, 24.—

In gen., timber, wood:

hos lignum stabat in usus, Annosam si forte nucem dejecerat Eurus,

i. e. for making tables, Juv. 11, 118.—

Transf.

That which is made of wood, a writing-tablet:

vana supervacui dicunt chirographa ligni,

Juv. 13, 137; 16, 41; a plank:

ventis animam committe, dolato confisus ligno,

id. 12, 58.—

The hard part of fruit, the shell (of a nut), or the stone or kernel (of cherries, plums, etc.):

bacarum intus lignum,

Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 111; 15, 3, 3, § 10:

lignum in pomo,

id. 13, 4, 9, § 40; of grape-stones, id. 17, 21, 35, § 162.—

A fault in table-tops, where the grain of the wood is not curly, but straight, Plin. 13, 15, 30, § 98.—

( Poet. and late Lat.) A tree, Verg. A. 12, 767; Hor. S. 1, 8, 1; id. C. 2, 13, 11:

lignum pomiferum,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 11:

lignum scientiae boni et mali,

id. ib. 2, 9:

lignum vitae,

id. Apoc. 2, 9.—

A staff, club (eccl. Lat.):

cum gladiis et lignis,

Vulg. Marc. 14, 43 and 48.

mărītus, a, um, adj. [mas], of or belonging to marriage, matrimonial, conjugal, nuptial, marriage-.

Adj. (so mostly poet.; not in Cic.).

Lit.:

facibus cessit maritis,

to the nuptial torches, to wedlock, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 33:

faces,

Ov. H. 11, 101:

foedus,

the conjugal tie, id. P. 3, 1, 73:

tori,

id. H. 2, 41:

sacra,

Prop. 3, 20, 26 (4, 20, 16); Ov. H. 12, 87:

Venus,

wedded love, id. ib. 16, 283; cf.:

fides,

conjugal fidelity, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11: lex, respecting marriage, a marriage-law (de maritandis ordinibus, Suet. Aug. 34), Hor. C. S. 20.—In prose:

vagabatur per maritas domos dies noctesque,

i. e. the houses of married people, Liv. 27, 31, 5 Drak.—

Transf.

Of plants, wedded, i. e. tied up (cf. marito, II. B.):

arbores,

Cato, R. R. 32, 2; Col. 11, 2, 32:

ulmo conjuncta marito (sc. vitis),

Cat. 62, 54; Quint. 8, 3, 8:

olivetum,

Col. 3, 11, 3.—

Impregnating, fertilizing (in postclass. poetry):

fluctus (Nili),

Avien. Perieg. 339: imbres, Pervigil. Ven. 4, 11.—

Subst.

mărītus, i, m., a married man, husband (freq. and class.; cf.

conjux, vir): ditis damnosos maritos sub basilica quaerito,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10:

ut maritus sis quam optimae (mulieris),

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

sororis,

id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; Liv. 1, 57, 10; Quint. 6, 2, 14; 3, 11, 4; Suet. Caes. 43; 52; 81; Tac. A. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 1; 2, 20, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 1; Just. 1, 7, 19; Val Max. 8, 2, 14; Gell. 1, 17 et saep.: insidian [p. 1115] iem somno maritorum, Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

quae major calumnia est quam venire imberbum adulescentem, bene valentem ac maritum,

id. Dom. 14, 37; Liv. 36, 17, 8;

opp. coelebs: seu maritum sive coelibem scortarier,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 14, 58; id. Cas. 2, 4, 11 sq.; Quint. 5, 10, 26; Sen. Ep. 94, 8; Gell. 2, 15:

bonus optandusque maritus,

Juv. 6, 211:

malus ingratusque maritus,

id. 7, 169:

mariti testamentum,

Quint. 9, 2, 73:

patrius,

Verg. A. 3, 297:

Phrygio servire marito,

id. ib. 4, 103:

unico gaudens mulier marito,

Hor. C. 3, 14, 5:

novus,

a newly-married man, a young husband, Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 6:

intra quartum et vicesimum annum maritus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 3:

recens,

id. ib. 8, 23, 8:

ut juveni primum virgo deducta marito,

Tib. 3, 4, 31:

lex Bithynorum, si quid mulier contrahat, maritum auctorem esse jubet,

Gai. Inst. 1, 193:

si maritus pro muliere se obligaverit,

Ulp. Fragm. 11, 3:

maritus lugendus decem mensibus,

Plaut. Sent. 1, 21, 13.—

Transf.

A lover, suitor ( poet.), Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 10:

aegram (Dido) nulli quondam flexere mariti,

Verg. A. 4, 35.—

Of animals:

ol ens maritus,

i. e. a he-goat, Hor. C. 1, 17, 7:

quem pecori dixere maritum,

Verg. G. 3, 125; so,

gregum,

Col. 7, 6, 4;

of cocks,

id. 8, 5 fin.; Juv. 3, 91.—

In plur.: mă-rīti, ōrum, m., married people, man and wife (post-class.), Dig. 24, 1, 52 fin.:

novi mariti,

newly-married people, a young couple, App. M. 8, p. 201, 36.—

mărīta, ae, f., a married woman, wife ( poet. and postclass.):

marita,

Hor. Epod. 8, 13:

castae maritae,

Ov. F. 2, 139; id. H. 12, 175; Inscr. Orell. 2665; Inscr. Fabr. 299 al.; and freq. on epitaphs.

mărītus, i, v. 1. maritus, II. A.

mărītus, a, um, adj. [mas], of or belonging to marriage, matrimonial, conjugal, nuptial, marriage-.

Adj. (so mostly poet.; not in Cic.).

Lit.:

facibus cessit maritis,

to the nuptial torches, to wedlock, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 33:

faces,

Ov. H. 11, 101:

foedus,

the conjugal tie, id. P. 3, 1, 73:

tori,

id. H. 2, 41:

sacra,

Prop. 3, 20, 26 (4, 20, 16); Ov. H. 12, 87:

Venus,

wedded love, id. ib. 16, 283; cf.:

fides,

conjugal fidelity, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11: lex, respecting marriage, a marriage-law (de maritandis ordinibus, Suet. Aug. 34), Hor. C. S. 20.—In prose:

vagabatur per maritas domos dies noctesque,

i. e. the houses of married people, Liv. 27, 31, 5 Drak.—

Transf.

Of plants, wedded, i. e. tied up (cf. marito, II. B.):

arbores,

Cato, R. R. 32, 2; Col. 11, 2, 32:

ulmo conjuncta marito (sc. vitis),

Cat. 62, 54; Quint. 8, 3, 8:

olivetum,

Col. 3, 11, 3.—

Impregnating, fertilizing (in postclass. poetry):

fluctus (Nili),

Avien. Perieg. 339: imbres, Pervigil. Ven. 4, 11.—

Subst.

mărītus, i, m., a married man, husband (freq. and class.; cf.

conjux, vir): ditis damnosos maritos sub basilica quaerito,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10:

ut maritus sis quam optimae (mulieris),

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

sororis,

id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; Liv. 1, 57, 10; Quint. 6, 2, 14; 3, 11, 4; Suet. Caes. 43; 52; 81; Tac. A. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 1; 2, 20, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 1; Just. 1, 7, 19; Val Max. 8, 2, 14; Gell. 1, 17 et saep.: insidian [p. 1115] iem somno maritorum, Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

quae major calumnia est quam venire imberbum adulescentem, bene valentem ac maritum,

id. Dom. 14, 37; Liv. 36, 17, 8;

opp. coelebs: seu maritum sive coelibem scortarier,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 14, 58; id. Cas. 2, 4, 11 sq.; Quint. 5, 10, 26; Sen. Ep. 94, 8; Gell. 2, 15:

bonus optandusque maritus,

Juv. 6, 211:

malus ingratusque maritus,

id. 7, 169:

mariti testamentum,

Quint. 9, 2, 73:

patrius,

Verg. A. 3, 297:

Phrygio servire marito,

id. ib. 4, 103:

unico gaudens mulier marito,

Hor. C. 3, 14, 5:

novus,

a newly-married man, a young husband, Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 6:

intra quartum et vicesimum annum maritus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 3:

recens,

id. ib. 8, 23, 8:

ut juveni primum virgo deducta marito,

Tib. 3, 4, 31:

lex Bithynorum, si quid mulier contrahat, maritum auctorem esse jubet,

Gai. Inst. 1, 193:

si maritus pro muliere se obligaverit,

Ulp. Fragm. 11, 3:

maritus lugendus decem mensibus,

Plaut. Sent. 1, 21, 13.—

Transf.

A lover, suitor ( poet.), Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 10:

aegram (Dido) nulli quondam flexere mariti,

Verg. A. 4, 35.—

Of animals:

ol ens maritus,

i. e. a he-goat, Hor. C. 1, 17, 7:

quem pecori dixere maritum,

Verg. G. 3, 125; so,

gregum,

Col. 7, 6, 4;

of cocks,

id. 8, 5 fin.; Juv. 3, 91.—

In plur.: mă-rīti, ōrum, m., married people, man and wife (post-class.), Dig. 24, 1, 52 fin.:

novi mariti,

newly-married people, a young couple, App. M. 8, p. 201, 36.—

mărīta, ae, f., a married woman, wife ( poet. and postclass.):

marita,

Hor. Epod. 8, 13:

castae maritae,

Ov. F. 2, 139; id. H. 12, 175; Inscr. Orell. 2665; Inscr. Fabr. 299 al.; and freq. on epitaphs.

mărītus, i, v. 1. maritus, II. A.