intellectus

* * *

* * *

intellectus, a, um, Part., from intellego.

intellectus, ūs, m. [intellego], a perceiving, discerning.

Lit., perception, discernment by the senses:

saporum,

Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 174:

acrimoniae,

id. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

nec est intellectus ullus in odore vel sapore,

i. e. the poison cannot be perceived either by the taste or smell, id. 11, 53, 116, § 280:

intellectus in cortice protinus peritis,

good judges know a tree by its bark, id. 16, 39, 76, § 196.—

Trop.

Understanding, comprehension:

quīs neque boni intellectus neque mali cura,

Tac. A. 6, 36:

alicujus rei intellectum amittere,

Sen. Ben. 3, 17:

capere intellectum disciplinarum,

Quint. 1, 1, 15:

intellectu consequi aliquid,

id. 2, 5, 22:

elephantis intellectus sermonis patrii,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

nullum animal minus docile existimatur minorisve intellectus,

id. 29, 6, 34, § 106:

dissimulare intellectum insidiarum,

Tac. A. 13, 38:

intellectu carere,

to be unintelligible, Quint. 1, 1, 28:

rudis Corinthiorum,

Vell. 1, 13, 5: intellectum habere, to be understood:

hiems et ver et aestas intellectum ac vocabula habent, autumni perinde nomen ac bona ignorantur,

Tac. G. 26.—

Meaning, sense, signification of a word:

verba quaedam diversos intellectus habent, ut cerno,

Quint. 7, 9, 2:

in obscenum intellectum sermo detortus,

id. 8, 3, 44; id. 1, 7, 13.—

Knowledge of a language, understanding:

Latini sermonis intellectum habere,

Gai. Inst. 3, 93.—

Understanding, i. e. the faculty of understanding, intellect:

per analogiam nostro intellectu et honestum et bonum judicante,

Sen. Ep. 120:

in errorem intellectum inducere,

App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 7, 3:

intellectu carere,

to be without understanding, Dig. 29, 2, 92:

aliquem intellectum habere,... nullum intellectum habere,

Gai. Inst. 3, 109.

* * *

circumspectĭo, ōnis, f. [circumspicio].

Prop., a looking on all sides, a looking about:

singulorum, sibi horizontem facit,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 15, 17.—

Trop., foresight, circumspection, caution (v. circumspicio, I. B.):

circumspectio et accurata consideratio,

Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 35;

Fragm. Val. § 35: prudentiae insunt ratio, intellectus, circumspectio,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 8, 7.

ŏboedĭentĭa ( obed-), ae, f. [oboediens], obedience (class.).

Of persons.

With gen.:

servitus est oboedientia fracti animi,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 35.—

Absol.:

relinquunt enim et abiciunt oboedientiam,

Cic. Off. 1, 29. 102.—

Of bees:

mira plebi circa regem oboedientia,

Plin. 11, 17, 17, § 52.—

Of elephants:

intellectus illis sermonis patrii et imperiorum oboedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1.

ŏboedĭentĭa ( obed-), ae, f. [oboediens], obedience (class.).

Of persons.

With gen.:

servitus est oboedientia fracti animi,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 35.—

Absol.:

relinquunt enim et abiciunt oboedientiam,

Cic. Off. 1, 29. 102.—

Of bees:

mira plebi circa regem oboedientia,

Plin. 11, 17, 17, § 52.—

Of elephants:

intellectus illis sermonis patrii et imperiorum oboedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1.

sal, sălis ( neutr. collat. form of the nom. sălĕ, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26, or Ann. v. 378 Vahl.; Varr. ap. Non. 223, 17; also, in the regular form sometimes neutr. in sing., v. infra, I.; but plur. always sales, m.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 697 sq.; dat. plur.: infusis salis, Fabian. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.), m. [root sal-, to stream, flow; cf. hals; perh. also found in insula, salix].

Lit., salt.

Masc.: ex sale, qui apud Carthaginienses fit, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 659 P.:

salem candidum sic facito,

id. R. R. 88; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 8; Col. 6, 17, 7; 8, 6 Schneid. N. cr.; 12, 6, 2; 12, 21, 2 al.; Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 73; Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 95; id. Curc. 4, 4, 6; id. Pers. 3, 3, 25; Sall. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 82 P., and ap. Prisc. p. 644 ib.; Hor. S. 1, 5, 46 et saep.—Prov.:

salem cum pane edit,

Plin. 31, 8, 41, § 89.—

Neutr.: nunc vides in conviviis ita poni et sal et mel, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.; so, aliud, Fabian. ib. p. 82 P.;

tritum,

Veg. 2, 24, 4 al.; v. also infra, II.—

Doubtful gen.:

multos modios salis,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

(caseum) parco sale reponunt,

Verg. G. 3, 403; Caes. B. C. 2, 37:

salis vendendi arbitrium,

Liv. 29, 6; 45, 29; Hor. S. 1, 3, 14; 2, 2, 17; 2, 4, 74; Col. 7, 8, 5; Cels. 2, 24; Plin. 31, 7, 42, § 91.—

Plur.:

quin aspergi solent sales: melior fossilis quam marinus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 6; Col. 7, 4, 8; 8, 6, 1; Pall. 9, 2 Mai; id. Nov. 19; Fabian. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.; Ov. M. 15, 286.—

Meton.

Poet., the salt water, brine, sea.

Sing., Enn. 1. 1.:

supra rorem salis edita pars est remorum,

Lucr. 4, 438:

et sale tabentes artus in litore ponunt,

Verg. A. 1, 173; 1, 35; 3, 385; 5, 848; 5, 866; 6, 697; 10, 214; Ov. P. 1, 1, 70; Val. Fl. 4, 722.—

Plur.:

sales amari,

Ov. M. 15, 286:

aequorei,

Luc. 10, 257.—

A speck on precious stones shaped like a grain of salt. — Sing.:

sal,

Plin. 37, 6, 22, § 83; 37, 8, 37, § 117; 37, 2, 10, § 28.— Plur.:

sales,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 22.—

Trop.

Intellectual acuteness, good sense, shrewdness, cunning, wit, facetiousness, sarcasm, a witticism, witty saying (class. in sing. and plur.;

syn.: lepos, facetiae, festivitas): (sal) adeo necessarium elementum est, ut transierit intellectus ad voluptates animi quoque. Nam ita sales appellantur, omnisque vitae lepos et summa hilaritas laborumque requies non alio magis vocabulo constat,

Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88.

Sing.:

qui habet salem, quod in te est,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 10; cf.:

nulla venustas, Nulla in tam magno est corpore mica salis,

Cat. 86, 4:

Caesar inusitatum nostris oratoribus leporem quendam et salem est consecutus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 23, 98; cf. id. N. D. 2, 29, 74:

sale vero et facetiis Caesar vicit omnis,

id. Off. 1, 37, 133:

(litterae) tum humanitatis sparsae sale,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

qui (versus) dum denique habent salem ac leporem,

Cat. 16, 7:

P. Scipio omnes sale facetiisque superabat,

Cic. Brut. 34, 128; cf.:

argutiae facetissimi salis,

Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 117:

salis satis est, sannionum parum, Cic Fam. 9, 16, 10: in quo mihi videtur specimen fuisse humanitatis, salis, suavitatis, leporis,

id. Tusc. 5, 19, 55:

(Lucilius) sale multo Urbem defricuit,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 3; cf.

of the same: acerbitas et abundantia salis,

Quint. 10, 1, 94:

hic delectatur iambis, Ille Bioneïs sermonibus et sale nigro,

i. e. biting wit, sarcasm, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60; Cat. 13, 5:

qui plurimum in scribendo et salis haberet et fellis nec candoris minus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 21, 1. —

Neutr. (ante-class.): quicquid loquitur, sal merum est, Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 659 P.; so, (puella) Charitôn mia, tota merum sal, Lucr. 4, 1162.—

Plur.:

Romani veteres atque urbani sales,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

vestri proavi Plautinos Laudavere sales,

Hor. A. P. 271; Sen. Vit. Beat. 27, 2:

periculosi sales,

id. Tranq. 1, 4:

libaboque tuos, scite Menandre, sales,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 28:

huic generi orationis aspergentur etiam sales, qui in dicendo minimum quantum valent: quorum duo genera sunt, unum facetiarum, alterum dicacitatis,

Cic. Or. 26, 87; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 15; 10, 1, 117:

(Ciceronem) in salibus aliquando frigidum,

id. 12, 10, 12:

a salibus suffusis felle refugi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 565:

protervi sales,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 6:

salibus vehemens intra pomoeria natis,

Juv. 9, 11.—

(Borrowed from the use of salt as a relish.) Good taste, elegance:

tectum antiquitus constitutum plus salis quam sumptūs habebat,

Nep. Att. 13, 2.—

Sharpness, pungency, stimulus, incentive:

quae (sc. calor, sanguis) aviditatem naturali sale augent,

Plin. 10, 72, 93, § 198.

sē-păro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [2. paro], to disjoin, sever, part, divide, separate (class. and freq., esp. in the trop. sense; cf.: divido, dirimo, disjungo, secludo).

Lit.

With ab:

senatoria subsellia a populari consessu,

Cic. Corn. Fragm. 12, p. 449 Orell.:

separat Aonios Oetaeis Phocis ab arvis,

Ov. M. 1, 313:

Asiam ab Europā,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 87:

separandos a cetero exercitu ratus,

Curt. 7, 2, 35.—

With abl. ( poet.):

Seston Abydenā separat urbe fretum,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 28:

separat (spatium) aethere terram,

Luc. 4, 75; 9, 524;

natura nos ceteris separatos animalibus sola homines fatetur,

Diom. 275 P.—

With simple acc., Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

nec nos mare separat ingens,

Ov. M. 3, 448:

in ipsis Europam Asiamque separantis freti angustiis,

Plin. 9, 15, 20, § 50;

equitum magno numero ex omni populi summā separato,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

Thessalorum omnis equitatus separatus erat,

separated, divided, Liv. 42, 55 fin., Dig. 34, 2, 19, § 2.— Pass.:

ut corpora gentis illius separata sint in alias civitates, ingenia vera solis Atheniensium muris clausa existimes,

Vell. 1, 18, 1.—

Trop., to treat or consider separately; to distinguish, except.

With ab:

multi Graeci a perpetuis suis historiis ea bella separaverunt,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

cogitatione magis a virtute potest quam re separari,

id. Off. 1, 27, 95, suum consilium ab reliquis separare, Caes. B. G. 7, 63 fin.:

ob separata ab se consilia,

Liv. 23, 20, 4:

nihil est, quod se ab Aetolis separent,

id. 38, 43, 12:

orato rem, quem a bono viro non separo,

Quint. 2, 21, 12;

saepe a figuris ea (vitia) separare difficile est,

id. 1, 5, 5.—

With simple acc.:

separemus officium dantis testes et refellentis,

Quint. 5, 7, 9:

miscenda sit an separanda narratio,

id. 4, 2, 101; cf. id. 12, 2, 13; cf.:

virtus ipsa, separatā utilitate,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34: oratio ac vis forensis, ut idem separetur Cato, ita universa erupit sub Tullio, ut, etc., i. e. if Cato again be excepted (shortly before:

praeter Catonem),

Vell. 1, 17, 3.—Hence, sēpărātus, a, um, P. a., separated, separate, distinct, particular, different.

With ab:

quaestiones separatae a complexu rerum,

Quint. 5, 8, 6. —

With abl.:

(animalia) separata alienis,

Vell. 1, 16, 2.—

Absol.:

ista aliud quoddam separatum volumen exspectant,

Cic. Att. 14, 17, 6; so id. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45 Zumpt N cr.:

neutrum vitiosum separatum est, sed compositione peccatur,

Quint. 1, 5, 35:

quid separata, quid conjuncta (verba) exigant,

id. 8, 3, 15:

eorum nullum ipsum per se separatum probo,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 54 Mos. N. cr.:

privati ac separati agr: apud eos nihil est,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1; cf.:

separatae singulis sedes et sua cuique mensa,

Tac. G. 22:

separati epulis, discreti cubilibus,

id. H. 5, 5:

(exordium) separatum, quod non ex ipsā causā ductum est, nec,

Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26: tu (Bacchus) separatis uvidus in jugis (i. e. remotis), distant, remote, Hor C. 2, 19, 18.— Comp.:

intellectus,

Tert. Anim. 18 fin.—Sup. does not occur. —Hence, * adv.: sēpărātē, separately, apart:

separatius adjungi,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 156.

sīn, conj. [apocop. from si-ne], an adversative conditional particle, if however, if on the contrary, but if (good prose).

With a preceding si, nisi, quando, dum.

After si.

In gen.:

si domi sum, foris est animus: sin foris sum, animus domi est,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 7: hunc mihi timorem eripe: si est verus, ne opprimar;

sin falsus, ut, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18 fin.:

si optimates... sin populus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

quos si boni oppresserunt... sin audaces,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68;

1, 37, 58: si nostri oblitus es... sin aestivorum timor te debilitat,

id. Fam. 7, 14, 1:

qui si improbasset... sin' probasset, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

si sine vi velint rapta tradere, redderent... Sin aliter sient animati, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54:

sin aliter es,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 9; Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 5;

and simply sin aliter, with a verb understood,

but if not, in the contrary case, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 66; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69; id. Fam. 11, 14, 3; Quint. 8, 6, 74 al.:

sin secus,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 25:

accusator illum... defendet, si poterit: sin minus poterit, negabit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 29, 88;

so simply sin minus,

id. Att. 9, 15, 1; id. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2. —

In the epistolary style also, ellipt., sin (for sin aliter or sin minus):

si pares aeque inter se, quiescendum: sin, latius manabit,

Cic. Att. 16, 13, b, 2.—

Strengthened,

By autem:

si malus est... sin autem frugi'st, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 6; cf.:

id si ita est, etc.... sin autem illa veriora,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 44; 5, 2, 14; Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; id. Att. 3, 8, 6 and 7; Just. 16, 4, 14; 31, 5, 7 al.; cf.:

si sunt viri boni, me adjuvant... sin autem minus idonei, me non laedunt,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 3; so id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 34; and in epistolary style, ellipti.: si vir esse volet, praeclara sunodia: sin autem erimus nos, qui solemus id. Att. 10, 7, 2.—So freq. in Vulg.:

si est tibi intellectus, responde proximo: sin autem, sit manus tua super os tutum,

Vulg. Ecclus. 5, 14; 29, 8; id. Luc. 10, 6; id. Apoc. 2, 5.—

Less freq. by vero: si sit ovis matura [p. 1706]... sin vero feta, Col. 7, 3, 11.—

After nisi:

nisi molestum est, nomen dare vobis volo Comoediaï: sin odio est—dicam tamen,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 51.—

After quando:

quando abiit rete pessum, adducit lineam: sin jecit recte, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 16 (Speng. si injecit).—

After dum:

dum illi agunt suam rem agunt, ceteri cleptae: sin vident quempiam se adservare, obludunt,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 10.—

Without a preceding si, nisi, etc. (where the foregoing particle is usu. clearly implied by the context).

In gen.:

qui ero servire servos postulat, etc.... Sin dormitat, ita dormitet, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 5; cf. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6: Pae. Ne me attrecta. So. Sin te amo? Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 45; cf. id. Ps. 1, 3, 22; id. Mil. 4, 8, 27:

primum danda opera est, ne quā amicorum discidia fiant: sin tale aliquid evenerit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78; cf. id. Off. 2, 21, 74:

adhuc nostri nulli fuerunt: sin quando exstiterint, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 24, 95:

orat ac postulat, rem publicam suscipiant. Sin timore defugiant, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

haec ut fiant, deos quaeso, ut vobis decet. Sin aliter animus voster est, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 46.—

In epistolary style, ellipt.:

ego, ut constitui, adero: atque utinam tu quoque eodem die! Sin quid—multa enim—utique postridie,

Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4.—

Strengthened,

By autem:

summi puerorum amores saepe unā cum praetextā togā ponerentur: sin autem ad adulescentiam perduxissent, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34; 21, 77; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; 2, 39, 66; id. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19; id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; Caes. B. G. 5, 35 al.—

Rarely by vero:

quidam saepe in parvā pecuniā cognoscuntur quam sint leves, quidam, etc., sin vero erunt aliqui, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63.

vox, vōcis, f. [voco], a voice, sound, tone, cry, call.

Lit.:

omnes voces hominis, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216:

exsurge praeco... Exerce vocem,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 13:

set comprimunda vox mihi atque oratio'st,

i. e. I must hold my peace, id. Ps. 1, 4, 16:

humana,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 22:

ulceribus vocis via saepta coïbat,

Lucr. 6, 1148; cf.:

quarum (faucium) vitio et frangitur et obscuratur et exasperatur et scinditur vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 20:

mira est quaedam natura vocis,

Cic. Or. 17, 57:

cum (eloquentia) constet e voce atque motu,

id. ib. 17, 55:

vox inflexa ad miserabilem sonum,

id. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

inclinata ululantique voce canere,

id. ib. 8, 27:

legem Voconiam magnā voce et bonis lateribus suasi,

id. Sen. 5, 14; so,

magnā,

Hor. S. 1, 7, 31: 1, 9, 76: summa id. ib. 1, 3, 8: sedata et depressa. Auct. Her. S, 12, 21:

tremebunda,

id. ib. 3, 14, 25:

theatrum ita resonans, ut usque Romam significationes vocesque referantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

vocem late nemora alta remittunt,

echo, Verg. A. 12, 929:

ut nostrorum militum vocibus nonnihil carperetur,

cries, shouts, Caes. B. G. 3, 17; cf.:

enimvero voce'st opus: Nausistrata, exi,

I must exert my voice, must call out, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 92.— Of inanimate things ( poet.):

ad sonitum vocis (i. e. remorum) vestigia torsit,

Verg. A. 3, 669:

fractae voces (maris),

id. ib. 3, 556; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 519; Lucr. 4, 524 sqq.—

Transf.

That which is uttered by the voice, i. e. a word, saying, speech, sentence, proverb, maxim (syn.: vocabulum, verbum); sing.:

dico, Epicurum non intellegere, quid sonet haec vox voluptatis, id est, quae res huic voci subiciatur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

illa Platonis vera et tibi certe non inaudita vox,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 21:

hanc sententiam significare videtur Laconis illa vox,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; so, noêma, quā voce omnis intellectus accipi potest, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

is verbi sensus, vis ea vocis erat,

Ov. F. 5, 484:

vocem pro aliquo mittere,

Cic. Sest. 19, 42; id. Fl. 3, 6:

vocem exprimere,

id. Att. 2, 21, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 32; cf.:

vox populi Romani majestate indigna,

id. ib. 7, 17, 3:

quod est positum in voce simplice,

Quint. 1, 9, 4:

nescit vox missa reverti,

Hor. A. P. 390:

constitue, nihil esse opis in hac voce: civis Romanus sum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 65, § 168; id. Lael. 15, 59; Caes. B. C. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 9:

ego cum Graecos facerem... Versiculos, vetuit tali me voce Quirinus: In silvam non ligna feras, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 32:

siderā excantata voce Thessalā,

incantation, id. Epod. 5, 45:

consulum voci atque imperio non oboedire,

command, Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 23; Val. Max. 2, 2, 4:

unā voce,

unanimously, Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 46.— Plur.:

cum illius nefarii gladiatoris voces percrebuissent,

Cic. Mur. 25, 50:

non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt,

sayings, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

ex percunctatione nostrorum vocibusque Gallorum ac mercatorum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

voces per vinum, somnum. etc.... emissae,

Quint. 5, 7, 36:

victus Veneris Vocibus,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 22:

contumeliosae,

abusive expressions, abuse, Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,

sayings, maxims, doctrines, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34; cf.:

populum falsis Dedocet uti Vocibus,

id. C. 2, 2, 21:

deripere lunam vocibus,

with charms, incantations, id. Epod. 17, 78; so,

sacrae,

id. ib. 17, 6:

Marsae,

id. ib. 5, 76.—

Speech, language, in gen., = sermo ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

cultus hominum recentum Voce formasti catus (Mercurius),

Hor. C. 1, 10, 3:

Graiā scierit sive Latinā Voce loqui,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 40:

cum civem ex voce cognovisset,

Just. 11, 15.—

Accent, tone:

ipsa natura... in omni verbo posuit acutam vocem,

Cic. Or. 18, 58; cf.:

rustica vox et agrestis quosdam delectat,

pronunciation, accent, id. de Or. 3, 11, 42.