frigus+v

frīgus, ŏris, n. [Gr. rhigos, cold, pigeô;

the connection with Lat. rĭgeo, rĭgor, is doubtful,

Curt. Gr. Etym. 353; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 451], cold, coldness, coolness (for syn. cf.: algor, gelu, rigor, glacies, pruina).

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

nec calor (mihi obsistet) nec frigus metuo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 19;

so opp. calor,

Lucr. 2, 517; 6, 371; Cic. Univ. 14 med.; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Verg. G. 2, 344; 4, 35:

calidis torrescere flammis aut... rigere Frigore,

Lucr. 3, 892:

cum esset vinctus nudus in aëre, in imbri, in frigore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87:

vix in ipsis tectis frigus vitatur,

id. Fam. 16, 8, 2:

fere matutinis temporibus frigus est,

coolness, Cels. 2, 1; cf.:

frigus captabis opacum,

Verg. E. 1, 53; Hor. C. 3, 13, 10; Ov. M. 10, 129:

quae frigore sola Dormiat,

in the cold night, Tib. 1, 8, 39:

cum Appius senatum coegisset, tantum fuit frigus ut coactus sit nos dimittere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 1.—In plur.:

nec frigora quimus usurpare oculis,

Lucr. 1, 300:

ut tectis saepti frigora caloresque pellamus,

the cold, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151; cf.:

ex verna intemperie variante calores frigoraque,

Liv. 22, 2, 10:

tecta quibus frigorum vis pellitur,

Cic. Off. 2, 4, 13:

propter frigora... frumenta in agris matura non erant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 2:

Alpinae nives et frigora Rheni,

Verg. E. 10, 47:

Scythiae,

Ov. M. 2, 224:

Peligna,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 8:

matutina,

id. S. 2, 6, 45:

nocturna,

Liv. 40, 22, 7:

intolerabilia,

id. 21, 58, 1:

ficum frigoribus ne serito,

in cold weather, Col. 5, 10, 9:

quisquam picta colit Spartani frigora saxi,

i. e. the variegated cold marble floor, Mart. 1, 56, 5; Tac. Agr. 12; id. G. 16; Suet. Aug. 81.—

In partic. ( poet.).

The cold of winter, winter (like calor for summer;

v. calor): lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,

Verg. E. 2, 22:

ante focum, si frigus erit,

id. ib. 5, 70:

quae frigore sola dormiat,

Tib. 1, 8, 39:

per medium frigus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 5.— Plur.:

frigoribus parto agricolae plerumque fruuntur,

Verg. G. 1, 300:

frigoribus mediis,

id. E. 10, 65.—

A chill, fever:

tentatum frigore corpus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 80.—

The coldness of death, death:

et gelidos artus in leti frigore linquit,

Lucr. 3, 401:

aeternum leti,

id. 4, 924:

letale,

Ov. M. 2, 611:

supremum animae,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 20:

ast illi solvuntur frigore membra Vitaque cum gemitu fugit,

Verg. A. 12, 951 (diff. from the foll.).—

A cold shudder produced by fear:

extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra, Ingemit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 92.—

Transf., a cold region or place:

frigus non habitabile,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 51:

et quodcumque jacet sub urbe frigus,

Mart. 4, 64, 14.—

Trop. (cf. frigeo and frigidus, II.; not in Cic.).

Coldness in action, inactivity: si Parthi vos nihil calfaciunt, nos hic frigore frigescimus, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; Ov. F. 2, 856.—

A cold or frigid reception of a person or thing, esp. a discourse; coolness, coldness, indifference, disfavor (perh. not ante-Aug.):

majorum ne quis amicus Frigore te feriat,

coolness, loss of favor, Hor. S. 2, 1, 62; cf.:

Montanus Julius et amicitia Tiberii notus et frigore,

Sen. Ep. 122:

et imperitia et rusticitas et rigor et deformitas afferunt interim frigus,

Quint. 6, 1, 37; Plin. Ep. 6, 15, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 31:

illud quaestionum et argumentorum apud corrupta judicia frigus evitant,

id. 2, 12, 6.

* * *

cold, coolness, cold of winter / dullness, indolence.

sentĭo, si, sum, 4 ( perf. sync. sensti, Ter. And. 5, 3, 11), v. a.

Physically.

In gen., to discern by the senses; to feel, hear, see, etc.; to perceive, be sensible of (syn. percipio).

With acc.:

calorem et frigus,

Lucr. 1, 496; cf.:

duritiem saxi,

id. 4, 268; 3, 381 sq.: feram nare sagaci (venaticā), Enn. ap. Fest. p. 177 Müll. (Ann. v. 346 Vahl.):

varios rerum odores,

Lucr. 1, 298:

sucum in ore,

id. 4, 617 sq.:

suavitatem cibi,

Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

varios rerum colores,

Lucr. 4, 492:

sonitum,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 69:

nil aegri,

Lucr. 3, 832:

utrumque (calorem et frigus) manu,

id. 1, 496:

famem,

Liv. 25, 13:

morbos articularios,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 39.—In mal. part.:

sensit delphina Melantho,

Ov. M. 6, 120.— Pass.:

posse prius ad angustias veniri, quam sentirentur,

before they should be observed, Caes. B. C. 1, 67.—

With inf. or an, object-clause:

sei movero me seu secari sensero,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 40: sentio aperiri fores. id. Truc. 2, 3, 29:

nec quisquam moriens sentire videtur, Ire foras animam,

Lucr. 3, 607:

sentire sonare,

id. 4, 229 Munro.—

Absol.:

perpetuo quoniam sentimus,

Lucr. 4, 228; 6, 935; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 77:

qui (homines) corruant, sed ita, ut ne vicini quidem sentiant,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21.—

Of things:

pupula cum sentire colorem dicitur album,

Lucr. 2, 811 sq. — Absol.:

haud igitur aures per se possunt sentire,

Lucr. 3, 633:

si quis corpus sentire refutat,

id. 3, 350; 3, 354; cf. id. 3, 552; 3, 625.—

In partic.

To perceive the effects (esp. the ill effects) of any thing; to feel, experience, suffer, undergo, endure:

sentiet, qui vir siem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 21:

jam curabo sentiat, Quos attentarit,

Phaedr. 5, 2, 6:

quid ipse ad Avaricum sensisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52; cf. Liv. 45, 28, 6:

Centupirini etiam ceterarum civitatum damna ac detrimenta senserunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 45, § 108; id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 38; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 127:

tecum Philippos et celerem fugam Sensi,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 10:

(Apollinem) vindicem,

id. ib. 4, 6, 3:

caecos motus orientis austri,

id. ib. 3, 27, 22:

contracta aequora (pisces),

id. ib. 3, 1, 33:

prima arma nostra (Salyi),

Flor. 3, 2, 3:

sentire paulatim belli mala,

Tac. H. 1, 89:

famem,

Liv. 25, 13, 1; Curt. 9, 10, 11:

damnum,

Liv. 2, 64, 6:

cladem belli,

id. 35, 33, 6:

inopiam rerum omnium,

id. 43, 22, 10; 44. 7, 6:

incommoda belli,

id. 44, 14, 10:

lassitudo jam et sitis sentiebatur,

id. 44, 36, 2:

ubi primum dolorem aliquis sentit,

Cels. 6, 7 init.; cf. Lact. 7, 20, 7:

cujus ulceris dolorem sentire etiam spectantes videntur,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 59:

corporis aegri vitia sentire,

Curt. 8, 10, 29:

qui in urbe se commoverit... sentiet, in hac urbe esse consules vigilantes, esse egregios magistratus, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27; cf. id. Sest. 28, 69; Ov. M. 13, 864.— Absol.:

iste tuus ipse sentiet Posterius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 59.—Of beasts, etc.:

oves penuriam sentiunt,

Col. 7, 9, 3 sq.:

frigus aut aestum,

id. 7, 4, 7:

praegelidam hiemem omnes pisces sentiunt,

Plin. 9, 16, 24, § 57.—

Of things, to be affected or influenced by:

meae istuc scapulae sentiunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 25; Liv. 9, 37:

transitum exercitus (ager),

id. 9, 41, 58:

pestilentem Africum (Fecunda vitis),

Hor. C. 3, 23, 5:

lacus et mare amorem Festinantis eri,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 84:

alnos fluvii cavatas,

Verg. G. 1, 136 al.; cf. Plin. Pan. 31, 5:

carbunculi cum ipsi non sentiant ignes,

Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 92:

eadem (gemma) sola nobilium limam sentit,

is affected by, id. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

cum amnis sentit aestatem, et ad minimum deductus est,

Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 1:

miramur quod accessionem fluminum maria non sentiant,

id. Q. N. 3, 4: illa primum saxa auctum fluminis sentiunt, id. ib. 4, 2, 7:

totum mare sentit exortum ejus sideris,

Plin. 9, 16, 25, § 58:

caseus vetustatem,

id. 11, 42, 97, § 242:

herba cariem,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 28:

ferrum robiginem,

id. 34, 14, 41, § 143. —

In the elder Pliny, to be susceptible of, to be subject or liable to a disease:

morbos,

Plin. 9, 49, 73, § 156:

rabiem,

id. 8, 18, 26, § 68:

cariem,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 28.—

Mentally.

Lit., to feel, perceive, observe, notice (syn. intellego).

With acc.:

id jam pridem sensi et subolet mihi,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 7; so,

quid,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 39:

quando Aesculapi ita sentio sententiam,

I observe, understand, id. Curc. 2, 1, 2:

primus sentio mala nostra,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

numquam illum ne minimā quidem re offendi, quod quidem senserim,

that I have perceived, Cic. Lael. 27, 103:

ut cui bene quid processerit, multum illum providisse, cui secus, nihil sensisse dicamus,

id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:

praesentia numina sentit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 134; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 162; id. C. S. 73 et saep.:

de victoriā atque exitu rerum sentire,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52:

omnia me illa sentire quae dicerem, nec tantum sentire, sed amare,

Sen. Ep. 75, 3:

illum sensisse quae scripsit,

id. ib. 100, 11.— Poet.:

ut vestram sentirent aequora curam,

Ov. M. 5, 557:

nec inania Tartara sentit,

i. e. does not die, id. ib. 12, 619.—

With inf. or an obj.-clause:

quoniam sentio errare (eum),

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 16:

hoc vir excellenti providentiā sensit ac vidit, non esse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3, 5:

suspicionem populi sensit moveri,

id. ib. 2, 31, 54:

quod quid cogitent, me scire sentiunt, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 3, 5 sq.:

postquam nihil esse pericli Sensimus,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 58:

non nisi oppressae senserunt (civitates), etc.,

Just. 8, 1, 2.—

With rel.- or interrog.-clause:

scio ego et sentio ipse, quid agam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 13:

jam dudum equidem sentio, suspicio Quae te sollicitet,

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 49:

quoniam sentio, Quae res gereretur,

id. ib. 2, 3, 56:

si quid est in me ingenii, quod sentio quam sit exiguum,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1:

ex quo fonte hauriam, sentio,

id. ib. 6, 13:

victrices catervae Sensere, quid mens rite, quid indoles... Posset,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 25.—With the indic., in a rel.clause:

sentio, quam rem agitis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 14.—

With de:

hostes postea quam de profectione eorum senserunt,

became aware of their retreat, Caes. B. G. 5, 32; 7, 52.—

With nom. of part. ( poet.):

sensit terrae sola maculans,

Cat. 63, 6:

sensit medios delapsus in hostis,

Verg. A. 2, 377.—

Absol.:

vehementer mihi est irata: sentio atque intellego,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 64; cf. id. Trin. 3, 2, 72; id. Mil. 2, 6, 97:

mentes sapientium cum e corpore excessissent sentire ac vigere (opp. carere sensu),

Cic. Sest. 21, 47; cf. id. Rep. 6, 24, 26:

(Aristoteles) paeana probat eoque ait uti omnes, sed ipsos non sentire cum utantur,

id. Or. 57, 193; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 52:

priusquam hostes sentirent,

Liv. 34, 14; 2, 25; 22, 4.— Impers. pass.:

non ut dictum est, in eo genere intellegitur, sed ut sensum est,

Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168.—

To feel, experience (with acc. of the feeling;

rare): quidquid est quod sensum habet, id necesse est sentiat et voluptatem et dolorem,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 36:

tenesne memoriā quantum senseris gaudium, cum, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 4, 2:

non sentire amisso amico dolorem,

id. ib. 99, 26;

121, 7: victoriae tantae gaudium sentire,

Liv. 44, 44, 3; cf.:

segnius homines bona quam mala sentire,

id. 30, 21, 6.—

Transf. (in consequence of mental perception), to think, deem, judge, opine, imagine, suppose (syn.:

opinor, arbitror): si ita sensit, ut loquitur, est homo impurus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 21, 32; cf.:

jocansne an ita sentiens,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

fleri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, et id quod sentit, polite eloqui non possit,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6:

humiliter demisseque sentire,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

tecum aperte, quod sentio, loquar,

id. Rep. 1, 10, 15; cf.:

quod sentio scribere,

id. Fam. 15, 16, 3:

causa est haec sola, in quā omnes sentirent unum atque idem,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 14:

idemque et unum sentire,

Suet. Ner. 43:

sapiens de dis immortalibus sine ullo metu vera sentit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62.—With acc. and inf.:

idem, quod ego, sentit, te esse huic rei caput,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 29; cf.:

nos quidem hoc sentimus: si, etc.... non esse cunctandum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

voluptatem hanc esse sentiunt omnes,

id. Fin. 2, [p. 1673] 3, 6 Madv. ad loc.:

sensit in omni disputatione id fieri oportere,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4; 5, 8, 23; id. Tusc. 5, 28, 82; id. Att. 7, 6, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

sic decerno, sic sentio, sic affirmo, nullam rerum publicarum conferendam esse cum eā, quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70.—With two acc. (very rare):

aliquem bonum civem,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125 (cf. id. Fin. 2, 3, 0, supra, where Orell. omits esse).—With de and abl.:

cum de illo genere rei publicae quae sentio dixero,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65; so,

quid de re publicā,

id. ib. 1, 21, 34;

1, 38, 60: quid de quo,

id. ib. 1, 11:

quid gravius de vobis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 4; Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19; cf.:

qui omnia de re publicā praeclara atque egregia sentirent,

were full of the most noble and generous sentiments, id. Cat. 3, 2, 5:

mirabiliter de te et loquuntur et sentiunt,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5:

male de illo,

Quint. 2, 2, 12: sentire cum aliquo, to agree with one in opinion:

tecum sentio,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 24; id. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

cum Caesare sentire,

Cic. Att. 7, 1, 3; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf.:

nae iste haud mecum sentit,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24: ab aliquo sentire, to dissent from, disagree with:

abs te seorsum sentio,

judge otherwise, think differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 52: ut abs te seorsus sentiam De uxoriā re, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.: Gr. Omnia istaec facile patior, dum hic hinc a me sentiat. Tr. Atqui nunc abs te stat, is on my side, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 56 (cf. ab); cf.

also: qui aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat,

Liv. 24, 45, 3.—

In partic., publicists' and jurid. t. t., to give one's opinion concerning any thing; to vote, declare, decide (syn. censeo):

sedens iis assensi, qui mihi lenissime sentire visi sunt,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 9; 11, 21, 2; 3, 8, 9:

quae vult Hortensius omnia dicat et sentiat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76:

si judices pro causā meā senserint,

decided in my favor, Gell. 5, 10, 14; cf.: in illam partem ite quā sentitis, Vet. Form. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 20.—Hence, sensa, ōrum, n. (acc. to II. B.).

Thoughts, notions, ideas, conceptions (class. but very rare):

sententiam veteres, quod animo sensissent, vocaverunt... Non raro tamen et sic locuti sunt, ut sensa sua dicerent: nam sensus corporis videbantur, etc.,

Quint. 8, 5, 1:

exprimere dicendo sensa,

Cic. de Or 1, 8, 32:

sensa mentis et consilia verbis explicare,

id. ib. 3, 14, 55.—

Opinions, doctrines (late Lat.):

sensa et inventa Disarii,

Macr. S. 7, 5, 4.

ăd-ūro, ussi, ustum, 3, v. a., to set fire to, to kindle, to set in a flame, to burn, singe, scorch (cf. accendo), etc.

A.. Lit., of food: hoc adustum est, * Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71; so Hor. S. 2, 8, 68; 90: splendor quicunque est acer, adurit Saepe oculos, * Lucr. 4, 330:

Dionysius candente carbone sibi adurebat capillum,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 20, 58.—So of the Indian sages:

sine gemitu aduruntur,

suffer themselves to be burned, Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77:

ignes caelestes adussisse complurium vestimenta dicebantur,

Liv. 39, 22.—So in Cels., of the burning or cauterizing of a diseased limb: os eodem ferramento adurendum, 8, 2; cf. id. 5, 26, 21; 33:

flammis aduri Colchicis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 24:

in desertis adustisque sole,

Plin. 19, 1, 4, § 19.—

Transf., to hurt, damage, consume; of locusts:

multa contactu adurentes,

Plin. 11, 29, 35, § 104.— So of wind, to blast, from its effects:

(arbores) aduri fervore aut flatu frigidiore,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 216.—And also of cold and frost, to nip, to freeze:

ne frigus adurat,

Verg. G. 1, 92:

nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat poma,

Ov. M. 14, 763:

adusta gelu,

id. F. 4, 918:

rigor nivis multorum adussit pedes,

Curt. 7, 3:

(leonis adipes) sanant adusta nivibus,

Plin. 28, 8, 25, § 89.—

Fig., poet. of the fire (flame) of love, to burn, inflame:

Venus non erubescendis adurit Ignibus,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 14; cf.:

ardores vincet adusta meos,

Ov. H. 12, 180.— Hence, ădustus, a, um, P. a.

Burned by the sun; hence, scorched, made brown, and, in gen., brown, swarthy:

si qui forte adustioris coloris ex recenti via essent,

Liv. 27, 47:

adustus corpora Maurus,

Sil. 8, 269:

lapis adusto colore,

Plin. 2, 58, 59, § 149.—

Subst.: ădusta, ōrum, n., burns upon the flesh, Cels. 5, 27.

ăd-ūro, ussi, ustum, 3, v. a., to set fire to, to kindle, to set in a flame, to burn, singe, scorch (cf. accendo), etc.

A.. Lit., of food: hoc adustum est, * Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71; so Hor. S. 2, 8, 68; 90: splendor quicunque est acer, adurit Saepe oculos, * Lucr. 4, 330:

Dionysius candente carbone sibi adurebat capillum,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 20, 58.—So of the Indian sages:

sine gemitu aduruntur,

suffer themselves to be burned, Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77:

ignes caelestes adussisse complurium vestimenta dicebantur,

Liv. 39, 22.—So in Cels., of the burning or cauterizing of a diseased limb: os eodem ferramento adurendum, 8, 2; cf. id. 5, 26, 21; 33:

flammis aduri Colchicis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 24:

in desertis adustisque sole,

Plin. 19, 1, 4, § 19.—

Transf., to hurt, damage, consume; of locusts:

multa contactu adurentes,

Plin. 11, 29, 35, § 104.— So of wind, to blast, from its effects:

(arbores) aduri fervore aut flatu frigidiore,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 216.—And also of cold and frost, to nip, to freeze:

ne frigus adurat,

Verg. G. 1, 92:

nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat poma,

Ov. M. 14, 763:

adusta gelu,

id. F. 4, 918:

rigor nivis multorum adussit pedes,

Curt. 7, 3:

(leonis adipes) sanant adusta nivibus,

Plin. 28, 8, 25, § 89.—

Fig., poet. of the fire (flame) of love, to burn, inflame:

Venus non erubescendis adurit Ignibus,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 14; cf.:

ardores vincet adusta meos,

Ov. H. 12, 180.— Hence, ădustus, a, um, P. a.

Burned by the sun; hence, scorched, made brown, and, in gen., brown, swarthy:

si qui forte adustioris coloris ex recenti via essent,

Liv. 27, 47:

adustus corpora Maurus,

Sil. 8, 269:

lapis adusto colore,

Plin. 2, 58, 59, § 149.—

Subst.: ădusta, ōrum, n., burns upon the flesh, Cels. 5, 27.

aestus, ūs (archaic gen. aesti, Pac. 97 Rib.; rare form of nom. plur. aestuus). m. [kind. with aestas and Gr. aithô; v. aestas], an undulating, boiling, waving, tossing; a waving, heaving, billowy motion.

Lit.

Of fire; hence, in gen., fire, glow, heat (orig. in relation to its flashing up; while fervor denotes a glowing, ardor a burning, and calor a warming heat; yet it was early used for warming heat;

v. the following example): nam fretus ipse anni permiscet frigus et aestum,

heat and cold are blended, Lucr. 6, 364 (for which calor, id. 6, 368, 371 al.):

multa aestu victa per agros,

id. 5, 1104:

exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras,

Verg. A. 2, 759:

caniculae,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18; so id. Ep. 1, 8, 5:

labore et aestu languidus,

Sall. J. 51.—In plur.:

neque frigora neque aestus facile tolerabat,

Suet. Aug. 81.—So of midday heat:

aestibus at mediis umbrosam exquirere vallem,

Verg. G. 3, 331 (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 22: ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est).—And of the heat of disease (of [p. 63] wounds, fever, inflammation, etc.): ulceris aestus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19:

homines aegri cum aestu febrique jactantur,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13.—

The undulating, heaving motion of the sea, the swell, surge: fervet aestu pelagus, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39; hence, meton. for the sea in agitation, waves, billows:

delphines aestum secabant,

Verg. A. 8, 674:

furit aestus harenis,

id. ib. 1, 107:

aestus totos campos inundaverant,

Curt. 9, 9, 18.—In Verg. once of the boiling up of water in a vessel: exsultant aestu latices, Aen. 7, 464.—

Esp., the periodical flux and reflux or ebb and flow of the sea, the tide (cf. Varr. L. L. 9, 19; Mel. 3, 1:

aestus maris accedere et reciprocare maxime mirum, pluribus quidem modis, sed causa in sole lunāque,

Plin. 2, 97, 99); Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6: quid de fretis aut de marinis aestibus dicam? quorum accessus et recessus ( flow and ebb) lunae motu gubernantur, Cic. Div. 2, 14 fin.:

crescens,

Plin. 2, 100, 97, § 219:

decedens,

id. ib.:

recedens,

id. 2, 98, 101, § 220: secundus, in our favor, Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 2: adversus, against us, id. ap. Non. 138, 8.—

Trop.

The passionate ferment or commotion of the mind, the fire, glow, ardor of any ( even a good) passion (cf. aestuo, II. A.):

et belli magnos commovit funditus aestus (genus humanum),

has stirred up from their very bottom the waves of discord, Lucr. 5, 1434:

civilis belli aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47 (cf. id. C. 2, 7, 15):

repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terrā abripuit atque in altum abstraxit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 36:

hunc absorbuit aestus quidam gloriae,

id. Brut. 81:

stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8:

perstet et, ut pelagi, sic pectoris adjuvet aestum,

the glow of love, Ov. H. 16, 25.—

A vacillating, irresolute state of mind, doubt, uncertainty, hesitation, trouble, embarrassment, anxiely:

qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tenebrae,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 14:

vario fluctuat aestu,

Verg. A. 12, 486:

amor magno irarum fluctuat aestu,

id. ib. 4, 532; cf. id. ib. 8, 19:

aestus curaeque graves,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 110.—

In the Epicurean philos. lang. of Lucretius, the undulatory flow or stream of atoms, atomic efflux, as the cause of perception (cf. affluo, I.):

Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor ab sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris, exesor moerorum litora propter, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 926; and in id. 6, 1002 sq., the magnetic fluid is several times designated by aestus lapidis.

bŏrĕas ( borras, Prud. Psych. 847; Paul. Nol. Carm. 17, 245), ae, m., = Boreas or Borras.

The north wind; pure Lat aquilo, Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

ventus Boreas,

Nep. Milt. 2, 4:

Boreae frigus,

Verg. G. 1, 93:

tellus boreā rigida spirante,

id. ib. 2, 316; id. A. 3, 687:

horrifer,

Ov. M. 1, 65:

praeceps,

id. ib. 2, 185; 13, 418; 15, 471; Col. poët. 10, 288; Stat. S. 5, 1, 82.— Acc. Borean, Ov. M. 15, 471; id. F. 2, 147; Luc. 4, 61; 5, 543; 5, 705; 8, 183; 10, 289; Stat. S. 3, 2, 45; id. Th. 7, 6; Manil. 4, 644:

Boream,

Prop. 2 (3), 26, 51; Claud. Epigr. 9, 3.—

Meton.

The north:

Boreae finitimum latus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—

Personified, the son of the river-god Strymon, and father of Calais and Zetes by Orithyia, daughter of Erectheus, king of Attica, Ov. M. 6, 682; 6, 711 sq.; Prop. 2, 26, 51 (3, 22, 31).—

Derivv.

bŏrī̆us or bŏrē̆us = boreios, pertaining to the north wind, northern:

sub axe boreo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 41; so Isid. Orig. 3, 32, 1 Lind. N. cr.; 3, 36;

13, 5, 5: frigus,

Prisc. Perieg. 271; 315; 789.— Bŏrīon, ii, n., = BoreioW: promonturium, Boreion akpon, in Cyrenaica, Mel. 1, 7, 5; Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 28.—

bŏrĕālis, e, northern (rare;

perh. only in Avienus): flamina,

the north winds, Avien. Phaen. Arat. 951; id. Perieg. 84 and 292.

bŏrĕas ( borras, Prud. Psych. 847; Paul. Nol. Carm. 17, 245), ae, m., = Boreas or Borras.

The north wind; pure Lat aquilo, Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

ventus Boreas,

Nep. Milt. 2, 4:

Boreae frigus,

Verg. G. 1, 93:

tellus boreā rigida spirante,

id. ib. 2, 316; id. A. 3, 687:

horrifer,

Ov. M. 1, 65:

praeceps,

id. ib. 2, 185; 13, 418; 15, 471; Col. poët. 10, 288; Stat. S. 5, 1, 82.— Acc. Borean, Ov. M. 15, 471; id. F. 2, 147; Luc. 4, 61; 5, 543; 5, 705; 8, 183; 10, 289; Stat. S. 3, 2, 45; id. Th. 7, 6; Manil. 4, 644:

Boream,

Prop. 2 (3), 26, 51; Claud. Epigr. 9, 3.—

Meton.

The north:

Boreae finitimum latus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—

Personified, the son of the river-god Strymon, and father of Calais and Zetes by Orithyia, daughter of Erectheus, king of Attica, Ov. M. 6, 682; 6, 711 sq.; Prop. 2, 26, 51 (3, 22, 31).—

Derivv.

bŏrī̆us or bŏrē̆us = boreios, pertaining to the north wind, northern:

sub axe boreo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 41; so Isid. Orig. 3, 32, 1 Lind. N. cr.; 3, 36;

13, 5, 5: frigus,

Prisc. Perieg. 271; 315; 789.— Bŏrīon, ii, n., = BoreioW: promonturium, Boreion akpon, in Cyrenaica, Mel. 1, 7, 5; Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 28.—

bŏrĕālis, e, northern (rare;

perh. only in Avienus): flamina,

the north winds, Avien. Phaen. Arat. 951; id. Perieg. 84 and 292.

bŏrĕas ( borras, Prud. Psych. 847; Paul. Nol. Carm. 17, 245), ae, m., = Boreas or Borras.

The north wind; pure Lat aquilo, Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

ventus Boreas,

Nep. Milt. 2, 4:

Boreae frigus,

Verg. G. 1, 93:

tellus boreā rigida spirante,

id. ib. 2, 316; id. A. 3, 687:

horrifer,

Ov. M. 1, 65:

praeceps,

id. ib. 2, 185; 13, 418; 15, 471; Col. poët. 10, 288; Stat. S. 5, 1, 82.— Acc. Borean, Ov. M. 15, 471; id. F. 2, 147; Luc. 4, 61; 5, 543; 5, 705; 8, 183; 10, 289; Stat. S. 3, 2, 45; id. Th. 7, 6; Manil. 4, 644:

Boream,

Prop. 2 (3), 26, 51; Claud. Epigr. 9, 3.—

Meton.

The north:

Boreae finitimum latus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—

Personified, the son of the river-god Strymon, and father of Calais and Zetes by Orithyia, daughter of Erectheus, king of Attica, Ov. M. 6, 682; 6, 711 sq.; Prop. 2, 26, 51 (3, 22, 31).—

Derivv.

bŏrī̆us or bŏrē̆us = boreios, pertaining to the north wind, northern:

sub axe boreo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 41; so Isid. Orig. 3, 32, 1 Lind. N. cr.; 3, 36;

13, 5, 5: frigus,

Prisc. Perieg. 271; 315; 789.— Bŏrīon, ii, n., = BoreioW: promonturium, Boreion akpon, in Cyrenaica, Mel. 1, 7, 5; Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 28.—

bŏrĕālis, e, northern (rare;

perh. only in Avienus): flamina,

the north winds, Avien. Phaen. Arat. 951; id. Perieg. 84 and 292.

călor, ōris, m. [caleo; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 46, 22], warmth, heat, glow.

Lit.

In gen. (very freq. in prose and poet.): neque mihi ulla obsistet amnis nec calor;

nec frigus metuo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 19; so (opp. frigus) Lucr. 2, 517; 6, 371; Cic. N. D. [p. 272] 2, 39, 101; Verg. G. 2, 344; 4, 36; (opp. refrigeratio) Vitr. 1, 4:

calor ignis,

Lucr. 1, 425:

solis,

id. 5, 571; 6, 514:

fulminis,

id. 6, 234.—In plur., Cic. Off. 2, 4, 13; id. N. D. 2, 60, 151; Hor. C. 3, 24, 37 al.—

Esp.

Vital heat; so, vitalis, Lucr. 3, 129; Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27:

ut omnia quae aluntur atque crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris, sine quā neque ali possent neque crescere,

id. ib. 2, 9, 23:

omnis et una Dilapsus calor,

Verg. A. 4, 705.—

Summer heat, the warmth of summer:

vitandi caloris causā Lanuvii tres horas acquieveram,

Cic. Att. 13, 34 init.; id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—Hence also for summer (opp. ver and autumnus), Lucr. 1, 175; Col. 11, 2, 48:

mediis caloribus,

in the midst of summer, Liv. 2, 5, 3; so plur.:

ut tectis saepti frigora caloresque pellamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 152.—

The glow of a hot wind (cf. Lucr. 6, 323:

vis venti commixta calore): dum ficus prima calorque, etc.,

the burning heat of the parching Sirocco, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 5:

calores austrini,

Verg. G. 2, 270 (cf.:

calidi Austri,

Ov. M. 7, 532).—

The heat of a fever, Tib. 4, 11, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., the heat of passion, fire, zeal, ardor, impetuosity, vehemence (so perh. not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Quint.; cf.:

ardor, fervor): si calor ac spiritus tulit,

Quint. 10, 7, 13:

Polus juvenili calore inconsideratior,

id. 2, 15, 28:

calor cogitationis, qui scribendi morā refrixit,

id. 10, 3, 6; cf. id. 9, 4, 113:

calorem cogitationis exstinguere,

id. 8, praef. §

27: et impetus,

id. 10, 3, 17:

dicendi,

id. 11, 3, 130:

lenis caloris alieni derisus,

id. 6, 2, 15:

dicentis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 11; 2, 19, 2:

pietatis,

id. Pan. 3, 1:

ambitionis calor abducit a tutis,

Sen. Ben. 2, 14, 5:

quod calore aliquo gerendum est, id. Ira, 3, 3, 5: cohortationis,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 2:

iracundiae,

Dig. 50, 17, 48:

Martius,

Stat. Achill. 2, 26; Luc. 2, 324 et saep.—

Esp., ardent love, the fire of love:

trahere calorem,

Ov. M. 11, 305; so id. H. 19, 173; Sil. 14, 223.—In plur. (cf. amores), Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; Ov. A. A. 1, 237.

Călŏr, ōris, m., a river in Samnium, now the Calore, Liv. 2, 14, 2; 25, 17, 1.

călor, ōris, m. [caleo; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 46, 22], warmth, heat, glow.

Lit.

In gen. (very freq. in prose and poet.): neque mihi ulla obsistet amnis nec calor;

nec frigus metuo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 19; so (opp. frigus) Lucr. 2, 517; 6, 371; Cic. N. D. [p. 272] 2, 39, 101; Verg. G. 2, 344; 4, 36; (opp. refrigeratio) Vitr. 1, 4:

calor ignis,

Lucr. 1, 425:

solis,

id. 5, 571; 6, 514:

fulminis,

id. 6, 234.—In plur., Cic. Off. 2, 4, 13; id. N. D. 2, 60, 151; Hor. C. 3, 24, 37 al.—

Esp.

Vital heat; so, vitalis, Lucr. 3, 129; Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27:

ut omnia quae aluntur atque crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris, sine quā neque ali possent neque crescere,

id. ib. 2, 9, 23:

omnis et una Dilapsus calor,

Verg. A. 4, 705.—

Summer heat, the warmth of summer:

vitandi caloris causā Lanuvii tres horas acquieveram,

Cic. Att. 13, 34 init.; id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—Hence also for summer (opp. ver and autumnus), Lucr. 1, 175; Col. 11, 2, 48:

mediis caloribus,

in the midst of summer, Liv. 2, 5, 3; so plur.:

ut tectis saepti frigora caloresque pellamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 152.—

The glow of a hot wind (cf. Lucr. 6, 323:

vis venti commixta calore): dum ficus prima calorque, etc.,

the burning heat of the parching Sirocco, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 5:

calores austrini,

Verg. G. 2, 270 (cf.:

calidi Austri,

Ov. M. 7, 532).—

The heat of a fever, Tib. 4, 11, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., the heat of passion, fire, zeal, ardor, impetuosity, vehemence (so perh. not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Quint.; cf.:

ardor, fervor): si calor ac spiritus tulit,

Quint. 10, 7, 13:

Polus juvenili calore inconsideratior,

id. 2, 15, 28:

calor cogitationis, qui scribendi morā refrixit,

id. 10, 3, 6; cf. id. 9, 4, 113:

calorem cogitationis exstinguere,

id. 8, praef. §

27: et impetus,

id. 10, 3, 17:

dicendi,

id. 11, 3, 130:

lenis caloris alieni derisus,

id. 6, 2, 15:

dicentis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 11; 2, 19, 2:

pietatis,

id. Pan. 3, 1:

ambitionis calor abducit a tutis,

Sen. Ben. 2, 14, 5:

quod calore aliquo gerendum est, id. Ira, 3, 3, 5: cohortationis,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 2:

iracundiae,

Dig. 50, 17, 48:

Martius,

Stat. Achill. 2, 26; Luc. 2, 324 et saep.—

Esp., ardent love, the fire of love:

trahere calorem,

Ov. M. 11, 305; so id. H. 19, 173; Sil. 14, 223.—In plur. (cf. amores), Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; Ov. A. A. 1, 237.

Călŏr, ōris, m., a river in Samnium, now the Calore, Liv. 2, 14, 2; 25, 17, 1.

dē-fendo, di, sum ( infin. pass. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.:

defendentum,

Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [arch.: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to smite; Gr. theinô; hence, also offendo, infensus, infestus, mani-festus; cf. fustis], to fend or ward off any thing hostile or injurious; to repel, avert, keep off: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: tueor, tutor, servo, conservo. propugno, protego, vindico, caveo—freq. and class.); regularly constr. with acc. alone (so in Cic. and Caes.); very rarely aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo, and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.

Aliquid (aliquem):

ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque,

Cato R. R. 141, 2: serva cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf.

bellum (opp. inferre),

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.:

ad defendendos ictus ac repellendos,

id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.:

ignis jactus et lapides,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

frigus et solem,

Cato R. R. 48, 2; cf.:

nimios solis ardores,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 53;

and frigus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 14;

also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā,

to quench, Sil. 7, 170:

qui non defendit injuriam neque propulsat,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so,

injuriam,

id. Rosc. Am. 1:

noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

imperatoris sui tribunorumque plebis injurias,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.:

vim suorum,

id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.:

vim illatam vi,

Cic. Mil. 4:

pericula,

id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56:

hunc furorem,

Verg. A. 10, 905:

dedecus manu,

Sil. 13, 99 et saep.:

crimen,

to answer, defend against an accusation, Liv. 42, 48, 2.—

With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8:

hostem a fossa,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

ignem a tectis,

Ov. R. Am. 625.—

Aliquid alicui (cf. arceo, no. II. d.):

iniuriam foribus,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20:

solstitium pecori,

Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.:

aestatem capellis,

Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11:

tela misero,

Sil. 17, 432:

dedecus morti,

id. 5, 490:

senium famae,

Stat. Th. 9, 318.—

Absol., to put a stop (to a fire), to check the flames:

nec quisquam defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium,

Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.:

urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur,

Suet. Ner. 43.—

Transf., like prohibere, with acc. of that from which any thing is warded off or averted, to defend, guard, protect, cover.

In gen. (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition), constr. with acc. alone; with acc. and ab aliquo (contra aliquid), or merely ab aliquo; and absol.

With simple acc.:

Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.:

eos,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2:

se armis,

id. B. G. 6, 34:

se manu,

id. ib. 5, 7, 8;

6, 40, 6 et saep.: castra,

id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 (with tueri):

oppidum,

id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.:

eum defendo, quem tu accusas,

Cic. Sull. 17:

aliquem apud praetores,

id. Clu. 45, 126:

aliquem de ambitu,

id. Sull. 2, 6: cf.

causam,

id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et passim:

d. ac tegere scelus,

id. Sull. 31, 86; cf.

with protegere,

id. ib. 18, 50:

justitiam,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

communem salutem,

id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.:

locum,

to preserve, maintain, id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.:

vicem modo rhetoris atque poëtae,

to sustain, Hor. S. 1, 10, 12:

actorum partes,

id. A. P. 194:

aedes Vestae vix defensa est (sc. ab incendio),

preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—

Aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo:

Aedui cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2:

se a finitimis,

id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.:

Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so,

aliquem ab injuria,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5:

se regnumque suum ab Romanorum avaritia,

Sall. J. 49, 2:

provinciam non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.:

vitam ab inimicorum audacia telisque,

Cic. Mil. 2 fin.:

libertatis causam ab regio praesidio,

Liv. 39, 24 et saep.:

teneras myrtos a frigore,

Verg. E. 7, 6:

frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu,

Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—

With ab aliquo:

quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—

Aliquem (aliquid) contra, or adversus aliquem:

me scio a te contra iniquos meos solere defendi,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

sese adversus populum Romanum defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 6, 13:

me adversus Abrupolim,

Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4:

auctoritatem contra invidiam,

Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—

Absol.:

filii qui et sentire et defendere possent,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.:

cum jam defenderet nemo,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6:

defendentibus civibus Romanis,

id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.:

quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —

In partic.

Of speech, to defend, support, maintain; to bring forward, allege in defence (so repeatedly in Cic.; elsewhere rare).

With acc.:

(Carneades) nullam umquam in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, quam non probarit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14:

me id maxime defendisse, ut, etc.,

have chiefly striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—

With acc. and inf.:

gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, numquam aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32:

ille nihil ex his sponte susceptum sed principi paruisse defendebat,

Tac. A. 13, 43:

sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat,

Gell. 10, 19; so with verb pass. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init. —

With a relative clause:

(quae turpitudines) cur non cadant in sapientem, non est facile defendere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —

In the later jurid. Lat., to claim, vindicate, or prosecute at law:

quia libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat,

Dig. 5, 3, 7:

si patris mortem defendere necesse habuerit,

i. e. legally to avenge his death, ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11.

rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).

Lit.:

pruinae,

Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

id. 1, 355:

tellus,

Verg. G. 2, 316:

aqua,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:

umbrae,

Lucr. 5, 764:

frigus,

id. 1, 356:

cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,

Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,

cervix,

Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:

artus morte,

Lucr. 6, 1196:

crura,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

rostrum,

Ov. M. 5, 673:

cornu,

id. ib. 9, 85:

setae,

id. ib. 8, 428:

capilli,

id. ib. 10, 425:

oculi (with extenti),

Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:

quercus,

Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.

columnae,

Ov. F. 3, 529:

malus,

id. H. 5, 53.—

In mal. part.: illud,

Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—

Hence: custos ruris,

i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:

silices,

hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:

saxum,

id. ib. 4, 517:

mons,

hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:

Niphates,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:

ferrum,

Ov. R. Am. 19:

serae,

id. F. 1, 124:

ensis,

Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:

hasta,

Verg. A. 10, 346:

unguis,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—

Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:

tristis, severus): vox,

hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:

Sabini,

rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:

Getae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:

fossor,

hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.

manus,

Ov. M. 14, 647:

virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,

stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,

censor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 664:

parens,

id. M. 2, 813:

senes,

id. F. 4, 310:

mens,

id. H. 3, 96:

vultus,

id. ib. 4, 73:

rigidi et tristes satellites,

Tac. A. 16, 22:

(Cato) rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.

of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,

Luc. 2, 389; so,

mores,

Ov. R. Am. 762:

rigida duraque sententia Macri,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:

Mars,

rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:

leo,

Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:

quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?

too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:

similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,

Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:

Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,

Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.

Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—

Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:

disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,

Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.

rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).

Lit.:

pruinae,

Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

id. 1, 355:

tellus,

Verg. G. 2, 316:

aqua,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:

umbrae,

Lucr. 5, 764:

frigus,

id. 1, 356:

cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,

Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,

cervix,

Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:

artus morte,

Lucr. 6, 1196:

crura,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

rostrum,

Ov. M. 5, 673:

cornu,

id. ib. 9, 85:

setae,

id. ib. 8, 428:

capilli,

id. ib. 10, 425:

oculi (with extenti),

Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:

quercus,

Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.

columnae,

Ov. F. 3, 529:

malus,

id. H. 5, 53.—

In mal. part.: illud,

Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—

Hence: custos ruris,

i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:

silices,

hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:

saxum,

id. ib. 4, 517:

mons,

hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:

Niphates,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:

ferrum,

Ov. R. Am. 19:

serae,

id. F. 1, 124:

ensis,

Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:

hasta,

Verg. A. 10, 346:

unguis,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—

Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:

tristis, severus): vox,

hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:

Sabini,

rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:

Getae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:

fossor,

hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.

manus,

Ov. M. 14, 647:

virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,

stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,

censor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 664:

parens,

id. M. 2, 813:

senes,

id. F. 4, 310:

mens,

id. H. 3, 96:

vultus,

id. ib. 4, 73:

rigidi et tristes satellites,

Tac. A. 16, 22:

(Cato) rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.

of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,

Luc. 2, 389; so,

mores,

Ov. R. Am. 762:

rigida duraque sententia Macri,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:

Mars,

rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:

leo,

Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:

quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?

too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:

similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,

Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:

Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,

Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.

Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—

Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:

disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,

Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.

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