empire

pŏtestas, ātis ( gen. plur. potestatium, Sen. Ep. 115, 7; Plin. 29, 4, 20, § 67), f. [possum].

Lit., in gen., ability, power of doing any thing (class.):

SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: vim tantam in se et potestatem habere tantae astutiae,

to have such a power of craftiness, to be able to devise such tricks, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 32:

aut potestas defuit aut facultas aut voluntas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

habere potestatem vitae necisque in aliquem,

id. Dom. 29, 77; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

potestatem alicui deferre beneficiorum tribuendorum,

id. Balb. 16, 37. — Poet., with inf.:

potestas occurrere telis... ensem avellere dextrā,

Stat. Th. 3, 296; Luc. 2, 40.—

In phrases.

Esse in potestate alicujus, to be in one's power, under one's control, to be subject to (for a description of the relation of potestas under the Roman law, and of the classes of persons to whom it applied, v. Gai. Inst. 1, 49 sqq.):

mittuntur legati, qui nuntient, ut sit in senatūs populique Romani potestate,

Cic. Phil. 6, 2, 4:

esse in dicione ac potestate alicujus,

id. Quint. 2, 6: habere familiam in potestate, to keep them slaves, not to free them, Liv. 8, 15.—

Esse in suā potestate, to be one's own master, Nep. Att. 6, 1; so,

esse suae potestatis,

Liv. 31, 45.—

Jus potestatemque habere imperandi, Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 30; cf.:

cum consulis eā de re jus ac potestatem esse dixisset,

had jurisdiction and authority over it, Liv. 24, 39.—

Est mea (tua, etc.) potestas, I have the power, I can, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 42; cf.:

sed volui meam potestatem esse vel petendi, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6.—

In partic.

Political power, dominion, rule, empire, sovereignty (syn.:

imperium, dicio): Thessaliam in potestatem Thebanorum redigere,

Nep. Pelop. 5, 1; Liv. 24, 31; so,

sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4:

esse in potestate alicujus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 136:

tenere aliquem in suā potestate ac dicione,

id. ib. 2, 1, 38, §

97: venire in arbitrium ac potestatem alicujus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 57, § 150.—

Magisterial power, authority, office, magistracy (syn.:

magistratus, auctoritas): potestas praetoria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69:

qui togatus in re publicā cum potestate imperioque versatus sit,

id. Phil. 1, 7, 18:

modo ut bonā ratione emerit, nihil pro potestate, nihil ab invito,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:

cum potestate aut legatione in provinciam proficisci,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, § 9; id. Clu. 27, 74:

censores dederunt operam, ut ita potestatem gererent, ut, etc.,

so to administer the office, id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138; id. Agr. 2, 6, 14.—In plur.:

imperia, potestates, legationes,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

in potestatibus gerendis,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 14.—

Transf.

A person in office, a public officer, magistrate:

a magistratu aut ab aliquā potestate legitimā evocatus,

by some lawful authority, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74:

mavis Fidenarum esse potestas,

Juv. 10, 100.—

A ruler, supreme monarch:

hominum rerumque aeterna potestas,

i. e. Jupiter, Verg. A. 10, 18:

nihil est quod credere de se Non possit, cum laudatur dis aequa potestas,

Juv. 4, 71 (v. context): potestates, = archai, the highest magistrates, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26; Suet. Ner. 36; Amm. 31, 12, 5:

celsae potestates,

officers of state, id. 14, 1, 10:

jurisdictionem potestatibus per provincias demandare,

Suet. Claud. 23.—

Esp., legal power, right over or to a thing (class.):

potestatis verbo plura significantur: in personā magistratuum imperium, in personā liberorum patria potestas, in personā servi dominium: at cum agimus de noxae deditione cum eo, qui servum non defendit, praesentis corporis copiam facultatemque significamus. Ex lege Atiniā in potestatem domini rem furtivam venisse videri, et si ejus vindicandae potestatem habuerit, Sabinus et Cassius aiunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 215.—

Of inanimate things, power, force, efficacy, effect, operation, virtue, value:

potestates colorum,

Vitr. 7, 14:

potestates visque herbarum,

Verg. A. 12, 396; Plin. 25, 2, 5, § 9:

pecuniarum,

value, Dig. 13, 4, 3:

haec potestatibus praesentibus dijudicanda sunt,

circumstances, state of things, Gell. 1, 3, 24:

actionum vis et potestas,

Dig. 9, 4, 1:

quaternarius numerus suis partibus complet decadis ipsius potestatem (because the first four integers, taken together, = 10),

compass, fulness, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106:

plumbi potestas,

nature, quality, properties, Lucr. 5, 1242:

naturalis,

Vitr. 9, 4.—

Of a word, meaning, signification (syn.:

vis, significatio),

Gell. 10, 29, 1; Auct. Her. 4, 54, 67; Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 4.—

Math. t. t., = dunamis, the square root, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106.—

Trop.

Power, control, command (class.): dum ex tanto gaudio in potestatem nostram redeamus, recover our self-control, come to ourselves, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine, aut iracundiā,

to have lost the control of their reason, to be out of their minds, Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:

qui exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis, cui regnum totius animi a natura tributum est,

id. ib. 3, 5, 11; cf. also id. ib. 4, 36, 77:

postquam ad te cum omnium rerum tum etiam tui potestatem di transtulerint,

Plin. Pan. 56, 3.—

Power, ability, possibility, opportunity (class.; cf.:

copia, facultas): ubi mihi potestas primum evenit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 18:

liberius vivendi,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 25:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1: quoties mihi certorum hominum potestas erit (al. facultas), whenever I find men on whom I can rely, id. ib. 1, 7, 1: facere potestatem, to give opportunity, leave, permission:

si quid de his rebus dicere vellet, feci potestatem,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 11:

quae potestas si mihi saepius fiet, utar,

shall present itself, id. Phil. 1, 15, 38:

alicui potestatem optionemque facere, ut, etc.,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facio tibi interpellandi potestatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

ego instare, omnium mihi tabularum et litterarum fieri potestatem oportere,

must be allowed the use of, id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: potestatem sui facere, to allow others to see or have access to one, to give an opportunity of conversing with one:

cum neque praetores diebus aliquot adiri possent vel potestatem sui facerent,

allowed themselves to be spoken to, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15:

facere omnibus conveniendi sui potestatem,

to admit to an audience, id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

qui potestatem sui non habuissent,

who had not been able to speak with him, Suet. Tib. 34:

potestatem sui facere,

to give an opportunity of fighting with one, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Nep. Ages. 3, 3.— Poet., with inf.:

non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas,

Verg. A. 4, 565:

nunc flere potestas est,

Luc. 2, 40:

soli cui tanta potestas meis occurrere telis,

Stat. Th. 3, 296.—

In eccl. Lat.:

potestates,

angels, angelic powers, authorities in the spiritual world, Vulg. Ephes. 6, 12; id. 1 Pet. 3, 22; sing., id. 1 Cor. 15, 24.—

Personified, a daughter of Pallas and Styx, Hyg. Fab. prooem.

prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.

Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:

praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:

praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,

id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:

aliquem pecori,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

certum magistratum alicui procurationi,

id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

imperatorem bello,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

tantis rebus,

id. ib. 10, 27:

legatos legionibus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

pontifices sacris,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:

libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

aliquem provinciae,

id. ib. 13, 46;

2, 4: aliquem classi,

Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:

lucis Avernis,

Verg. A. 6, 118:

Juno sacris praefecta maritis,

Ov. H. 12, 87:

in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,

had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —

Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.

In gen.:

gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:

villae,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:

tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

praefectus morum,

Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:

nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,

Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 11, 1:

his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—

In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:

praefectus aerarii or aerario,

a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;

3169: castrorum or castris,

an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:

classis,

an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;

who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,

Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;

in the free towns and colonies,

a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;

called also simply praefectus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.

cohortium,

Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:

praefectus regis or regius,

a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:

praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,

a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:

vigilum or vigilibus,

a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:

Aegypti,

the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,

Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,

Nep. Dat. 2, 5:

Alpium,

Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7.

princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:

ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:

princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,

Liv. 21, 4:

princeps Horatius ibat,

first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:

princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,

Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:

Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,

were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:

princeps in agendo,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:

omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,

was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

princeps et solus bellum his indixit,

Nep. Thras. 1, 5:

princeps in haec verba jurat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,

to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:

qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:

matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,

Ov. F. 2, 714:

princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

Verg. A. 11, 620:

princeps ante omnes,

first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:

quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,

Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:

qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,

original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

mensis Romani anni,

Col. 11, 2, 3:

addere principi Limo particulam,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:

dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):

longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,

Cic. Or. 19, 62:

Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,

id. Div. 2, 42, 87:

quaedam principes feminae,

certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:

principe loco genitus,

id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:

gemma princeps Sardonychus,

Juv. 13, 138.—

As subst.: princeps, cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:

princeps senatŭs,

the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—

Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:

quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

juventutis,

one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:

sacerdotum,

the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —

A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:

princeps atque architectus sceleris,

Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:

princeps Argonautarum,

i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

conjurationis,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,

id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:

regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,

id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

(pueri) aequalium principes,

first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

gregis,

i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:

principes sententiarum consulares,

who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:

hujus consilii principes,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

belli inferendi,

first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:

jam princeps equitum,

at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:

hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,

Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—

A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):

principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—

A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):

hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:

quae non faciet quod principis uxor,

Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—

In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,

A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:

octavum principem duxit,

was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—

A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:

princeps tertiae legionis,

Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—

The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:

omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,

Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.

Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:

ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:

princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,

Liv. 21, 4:

princeps Horatius ibat,

first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:

princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,

Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:

Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,

were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:

princeps in agendo,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:

omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,

was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

princeps et solus bellum his indixit,

Nep. Thras. 1, 5:

princeps in haec verba jurat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,

to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:

qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:

matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,

Ov. F. 2, 714:

princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

Verg. A. 11, 620:

princeps ante omnes,

first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:

quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,

Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:

qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,

original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

mensis Romani anni,

Col. 11, 2, 3:

addere principi Limo particulam,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:

dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):

longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,

Cic. Or. 19, 62:

Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,

id. Div. 2, 42, 87:

quaedam principes feminae,

certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:

principe loco genitus,

id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:

gemma princeps Sardonychus,

Juv. 13, 138.—

As subst.: princeps, cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:

princeps senatŭs,

the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—

Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:

quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

juventutis,

one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:

sacerdotum,

the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —

A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:

princeps atque architectus sceleris,

Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:

princeps Argonautarum,

i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

conjurationis,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,

id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:

regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,

id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

(pueri) aequalium principes,

first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

gregis,

i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:

principes sententiarum consulares,

who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:

hujus consilii principes,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

belli inferendi,

first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:

jam princeps equitum,

at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:

hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,

Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—

A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):

principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—

A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):

hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:

quae non faciet quod principis uxor,

Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—

In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,

A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:

octavum principem duxit,

was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—

A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:

princeps tertiae legionis,

Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—

The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:

omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,

Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.

Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:

ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:

princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,

Liv. 21, 4:

princeps Horatius ibat,

first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:

princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,

Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:

Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,

were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:

princeps in agendo,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:

omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,

was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

princeps et solus bellum his indixit,

Nep. Thras. 1, 5:

princeps in haec verba jurat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,

to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:

qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:

matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,

Ov. F. 2, 714:

princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

Verg. A. 11, 620:

princeps ante omnes,

first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:

quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,

Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:

qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,

original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

mensis Romani anni,

Col. 11, 2, 3:

addere principi Limo particulam,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:

dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):

longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,

Cic. Or. 19, 62:

Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,

id. Div. 2, 42, 87:

quaedam principes feminae,

certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:

principe loco genitus,

id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:

gemma princeps Sardonychus,

Juv. 13, 138.—

As subst.: princeps, cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:

princeps senatŭs,

the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—

Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:

quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

juventutis,

one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:

sacerdotum,

the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —

A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:

princeps atque architectus sceleris,

Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:

princeps Argonautarum,

i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

conjurationis,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,

id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:

regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,

id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

(pueri) aequalium principes,

first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

gregis,

i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:

principes sententiarum consulares,

who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:

hujus consilii principes,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

belli inferendi,

first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:

jam princeps equitum,

at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:

hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,

Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—

A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):

principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—

A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):

hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:

quae non faciet quod principis uxor,

Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—

In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,

A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:

octavum principem duxit,

was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—

A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:

princeps tertiae legionis,

Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—

The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:

omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,

Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.

Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

prōvincĭa, ae (old gen. PROVINCIAI, Inscr. Grut. 376, 6) [etym. dub.; perh. contr. for pro-noventia (cf. nuntius), the charge or government of a legate].

A province, i. e. a territory out of Italy, acquired by the Romans (chiefly by conquest), and brought under Roman government; freq., also, to be rendered provincial administration, employment, etc.:

Sicilia prima omnium provincia est appellata,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

defendo provinciam Siciliam,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

provincia Syria,

id. Fam. 15, 2, 1:

Asia provincia,

id. Fl. 34, 85:

provincia Gallia,

id. Font. 1, 2:

praeponere, praeficere aliquem provinciae,

id. Fam. 2, 15, 4:

tradere alicui provinciam,

id. ib. 3, 3, 1:

in provinciam cum imperio proficisci,

id. ib. 3, 2, 1:

administrare provinciam,

id. ib. 15, 4, 1:

provinciam consulari imperio obtinere,

id. Fl. 34, 85; cf. id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

de provinciā decedere,

to retire from the administration of a province, id. Fam. 2, 15, 4:

provinciam Lentulus deposuit,

gave up, resigned, id. Pis. 21, 50: provincia consularis, governed by a former consul (proconsul), id. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34:

praetoria,

governed by a former prœtor, id. Phil. 1, 8, 19.—

In gen., a province, division of a kingdom or empire:

Judaea,

Vulg. 1 Esdr. 5, 8:

Babylonis,

id. Dan. 2, 48.—

Transf., in gen., official duty, office, business, charge, province (class.):

parasitorum,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 14:

hanc tibi impero provinciam,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 23:

abi in tuam provinciam,

id. Cas. 1, 15:

duram capere provinciam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 22:

sibi provinciam depoposcit, ut me in meo lectulo trucidaret,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52:

qui eam provinciam susceperint, ut in balneas contruderentur,

id. Cael. 26, 63:

Sicinio Volsci, Aquilio Hernici provincia evenit,

i. e. were given into his charge, were assigned to him to be subdued, Liv. 2, 40 fin.:

cum ambo consules Appuliam provinciam haberent,

id. 26, 22.—In plur., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 15:

ipsi inter se provincias partiuntur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 35.

terra (archaic tera, Varr. L. L. 5, 4, 21), ae ( gen. terras, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.: terraï, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 7 ib. (Ann. v. 479 Vahl.); Lucr. 1, 212; 1, 251; 2, 1063; 3, 989 et saep.), f. [perh. Sanscr. root tarsh-, to be dry, thirsty; Lat. torreo, torris; Germ Durst; Engl. thirst; prop. the dry land], the earth, opp. to the heavens, the sea, the air, etc.; land, ground, soil (cf.: tellus, solum).

In gen.:

principio terra universa cernatur, locata in mediā sede mundi, solida et globosa et undique ipsa in sese nutibus suis conglobata, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

terra in medio mundo sita,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

hunc statum esse hujus totius mundi atque naturae, rotundum ut caelum, terra ut media sit, eaque suā vi nutuque teneatur,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 178:

umbra terrae,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

terrae motus,

earthquakes, id. Div. 1, 18, 35; 1, 35, 78; cf. Sen. Q. N. 6, 1, 1 sqq.; Curt. 4, 4 fin.: Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191 sq.:

res invectae ex terrā,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10:

terra continens adventus hostium denuntiat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 6:

Massilia fere ex tribus oppidi partibus mari alluitur: reliqua quarta est, quae aditum habeat a terrā,

Caes. B. C. 2, 1:

cui parti (insulae) nulla est objecta terra,

id. B. G. 5, 13:

iter terrā petere,

Cic. Planc. 40, 96; cf.:

ipse terrā eodem pergit,

Liv. 31, 16, 3:

esse in terrā atque in tuto loco,

on solid ground, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 87:

ex magnā jactatione terram videns,

Cic. Mur. 2, 4: terrā marique, by land and by water (very freq.), id. Att. 9, 1, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9, 2; Sall. C. 13, 3; cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

insidiae terrā marique factae,

id. Verr. 1, 2, 3;

the form et terrā et mari is also class.,

id. ib. 2, 2, 39, § 96 (B. and K. bracket the first et); 2, 5, 50, § 131; id. Mur. 15, 33; Liv. 37, 29, 5; Nep. Hann. 10, 2; id. Ham. 1, 2; id. Alcib. 1, 2; Sen. Ep 60, 2; 101, 4;

for which also: bellum terrā et mari comparat,

id. Att. 10, 4, 3:

terrā ac mari,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

marique terrāque usque quāque quaeritat,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 105:

aut terrā aut mari,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 83:

mari atque terrā,

Sall. C. 53, 2:

mari ac terrā,

Flor. 2, 8, 11:

mari terrāque,

Liv. 37, 11, 9; 37, 52, 3:

natura sic ab his investigata est, ut nulla pars caelo, mari, terrā (ut poëtice loquar) praetermissa sit,

Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 9:

eorum, quae gignuntur e terrā, stirpes et stabilitatem dant iis, quae sustinent, et ex terrā sucum trahunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

num qui nummi exciderunt, ere, tibi, quod sic terram Obtuere?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 17:

tollere saxa de terrā,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 60:

tam crebri ad terram accidebant, quam pira,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; so,

ad terram,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 17; id. Pers. 2, 4, 22; id. Rud. 4, 3, 71:

aliquem in terram statuere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

ne quid in terram defluat,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

penitus terrae defigitur arbos,

Verg. G. 2, 290; so. terrae (dat.), id. ib. 2, 318; id. A. 11, 87; Ov. M. 2, 347; Liv. 5, 51, 3; Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 133 al.:

sub terris si jura deum,

in the infernal regions, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 39; cf.:

mei sub terras ibit imago,

Verg. A. 4, 654:

genera terrae,

kinds of earth, Plin. 35, 16, 53, § 191:

Samia terra,

Samian pottery clay, id. 28, 12, 53, § 194: terrae filius, son of earth, i. e. human being, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 4:

terrā orti,

natives of the soil, aborigines, autochthones, Quint. 3, 7, 26: cum aquam terramque ab Lacedaemoniis petierunt, water and earth (as a token of subjection), Liv. 35, 17, 7:

terram edere,

Cels. 2, 7, 7. —

Personified, Terra, the Earth, as a goddess;

usu. called Tellus, Magna Mater, Ceres, Cybele, etc.: jam si est Ceres a gerendo, Terra ipsa dea est et ita habetur: quae est enim alia Tellus?

Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 52; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5; Ov. F. 6, 299; 6. 460; Hyg. Fab. 55; 140; 152; Naev. 2, 16; Suet. Tib. 75. —

In partic., a land, country, region, territory (cf.: regio, plaga, tractus): Laurentis terra, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 762 P. (Ann. v. 35 Vahl.):

terra erilis patria,

Plaut. Stich. 5. 2, 2; cf.:

in nostrā terrā in Apuliā,

id. Cas. prol. 72:

tua,

id. Men. 2, 1, 4:

mea,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 128:

in hac terrā,

Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

in eā terrā (sc. Sicilia),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:

terra Gallia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

terra Italia,

Liv. 25 7, 4 Drak. N. cr.; 29, 10, 5; 30, 32, 6; 38, 47 6; 39, 17, 2;

42, 29, 1: Africa,

id. 29, 23, 10 Hispania, id. 38, 58, 5:

Pharsalia,

id. 33, 6, 11. —In plur.:

in quascumque terras,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9:

eae terrae,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

qui terras incolunt eas, in quibus, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 16, 42:

abire in aliquas terras,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

(Cimbri) alias terras petierunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77 et saep. — Esp., terrae, the earth, the world:

pecunia tanta, quanta est in terris,

in the whole earth, in the world, Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

quid erat in terris, ubi, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 19, 48; 2, 20, 50; 2, 23, 57; id. Cael. 5, 12:

ruberes Viveret in terris te si quis avarior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 157; Sen. Prov. 2, 9; so,

aureus hanc vitam in terris Saturnus agebat,

Verg. G. 2, 538:

terrarum cura,

id. ib. 1, 26. — Ante-class., also in terrā, in the world:

quibus nunc in terrā melius est?

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 100:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 52; 2, 3, 42; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 51; id. Aul. 5, 9, 12; id. Curc. 1, 2, 51.—Hence also the phrase orbis terrarum, the world, the whole world, all nations:

quae orbem terrarum implevere famā,

Plin. 36, 36, 13, § 76:

Graecia in toto orbe terrarum potentissima,

id. 18, 7, 12, § 65:

cujus tres testes essent totum orbem terrarum nostro imperio teneri,

Cic. Balb. 6, 16; but freq. also orbis terrarum, the world, i. e. the empire of Rome:

orbis terrarum gentiumque omnium,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 33; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 36, 103;

while orbis terrae,

the globe, the earth, the world, id. Phil. 13, 15, 30; id. Fam. 5, 7, 3; id. Fl. 41, 103; id. Agr. 1, 1, 2;

but also with ref. to the Roman dominion,

id. de Or. 3, 32, 131; id. Sull. 11, 33; id. Dom. 42, 110; id. Phil. 8, 3, 10; id. Off, 2, 8, 27; id. Cat. 1, 1, 3; cf.

of the Senate: publicum orbis terrae consilium,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. Phil. 3, 14, 34; 4, 6, 14; 7, 7, 19;

v. orbis: quoquo hinc asportabitur terrarum, certum est persequi,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 18: ubi terrarum esses, ne suspicabar quidem, in what country, or where in the world, Cic. Att. 5, 10, 4, so, ubi terrarum, id. Rab. Post. 13, 37:

ubicumque terrarum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143; id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.

terra (archaic tera, Varr. L. L. 5, 4, 21), ae ( gen. terras, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.: terraï, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 7 ib. (Ann. v. 479 Vahl.); Lucr. 1, 212; 1, 251; 2, 1063; 3, 989 et saep.), f. [perh. Sanscr. root tarsh-, to be dry, thirsty; Lat. torreo, torris; Germ Durst; Engl. thirst; prop. the dry land], the earth, opp. to the heavens, the sea, the air, etc.; land, ground, soil (cf.: tellus, solum).

In gen.:

principio terra universa cernatur, locata in mediā sede mundi, solida et globosa et undique ipsa in sese nutibus suis conglobata, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

terra in medio mundo sita,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

hunc statum esse hujus totius mundi atque naturae, rotundum ut caelum, terra ut media sit, eaque suā vi nutuque teneatur,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 178:

umbra terrae,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

terrae motus,

earthquakes, id. Div. 1, 18, 35; 1, 35, 78; cf. Sen. Q. N. 6, 1, 1 sqq.; Curt. 4, 4 fin.: Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191 sq.:

res invectae ex terrā,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10:

terra continens adventus hostium denuntiat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 6:

Massilia fere ex tribus oppidi partibus mari alluitur: reliqua quarta est, quae aditum habeat a terrā,

Caes. B. C. 2, 1:

cui parti (insulae) nulla est objecta terra,

id. B. G. 5, 13:

iter terrā petere,

Cic. Planc. 40, 96; cf.:

ipse terrā eodem pergit,

Liv. 31, 16, 3:

esse in terrā atque in tuto loco,

on solid ground, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 87:

ex magnā jactatione terram videns,

Cic. Mur. 2, 4: terrā marique, by land and by water (very freq.), id. Att. 9, 1, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9, 2; Sall. C. 13, 3; cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

insidiae terrā marique factae,

id. Verr. 1, 2, 3;

the form et terrā et mari is also class.,

id. ib. 2, 2, 39, § 96 (B. and K. bracket the first et); 2, 5, 50, § 131; id. Mur. 15, 33; Liv. 37, 29, 5; Nep. Hann. 10, 2; id. Ham. 1, 2; id. Alcib. 1, 2; Sen. Ep 60, 2; 101, 4;

for which also: bellum terrā et mari comparat,

id. Att. 10, 4, 3:

terrā ac mari,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

marique terrāque usque quāque quaeritat,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 105:

aut terrā aut mari,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 83:

mari atque terrā,

Sall. C. 53, 2:

mari ac terrā,

Flor. 2, 8, 11:

mari terrāque,

Liv. 37, 11, 9; 37, 52, 3:

natura sic ab his investigata est, ut nulla pars caelo, mari, terrā (ut poëtice loquar) praetermissa sit,

Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 9:

eorum, quae gignuntur e terrā, stirpes et stabilitatem dant iis, quae sustinent, et ex terrā sucum trahunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

num qui nummi exciderunt, ere, tibi, quod sic terram Obtuere?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 17:

tollere saxa de terrā,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 60:

tam crebri ad terram accidebant, quam pira,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; so,

ad terram,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 17; id. Pers. 2, 4, 22; id. Rud. 4, 3, 71:

aliquem in terram statuere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

ne quid in terram defluat,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

penitus terrae defigitur arbos,

Verg. G. 2, 290; so. terrae (dat.), id. ib. 2, 318; id. A. 11, 87; Ov. M. 2, 347; Liv. 5, 51, 3; Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 133 al.:

sub terris si jura deum,

in the infernal regions, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 39; cf.:

mei sub terras ibit imago,

Verg. A. 4, 654:

genera terrae,

kinds of earth, Plin. 35, 16, 53, § 191:

Samia terra,

Samian pottery clay, id. 28, 12, 53, § 194: terrae filius, son of earth, i. e. human being, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 4:

terrā orti,

natives of the soil, aborigines, autochthones, Quint. 3, 7, 26: cum aquam terramque ab Lacedaemoniis petierunt, water and earth (as a token of subjection), Liv. 35, 17, 7:

terram edere,

Cels. 2, 7, 7. —

Personified, Terra, the Earth, as a goddess;

usu. called Tellus, Magna Mater, Ceres, Cybele, etc.: jam si est Ceres a gerendo, Terra ipsa dea est et ita habetur: quae est enim alia Tellus?

Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 52; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5; Ov. F. 6, 299; 6. 460; Hyg. Fab. 55; 140; 152; Naev. 2, 16; Suet. Tib. 75. —

In partic., a land, country, region, territory (cf.: regio, plaga, tractus): Laurentis terra, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 762 P. (Ann. v. 35 Vahl.):

terra erilis patria,

Plaut. Stich. 5. 2, 2; cf.:

in nostrā terrā in Apuliā,

id. Cas. prol. 72:

tua,

id. Men. 2, 1, 4:

mea,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 128:

in hac terrā,

Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

in eā terrā (sc. Sicilia),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:

terra Gallia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

terra Italia,

Liv. 25 7, 4 Drak. N. cr.; 29, 10, 5; 30, 32, 6; 38, 47 6; 39, 17, 2;

42, 29, 1: Africa,

id. 29, 23, 10 Hispania, id. 38, 58, 5:

Pharsalia,

id. 33, 6, 11. —In plur.:

in quascumque terras,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9:

eae terrae,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

qui terras incolunt eas, in quibus, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 16, 42:

abire in aliquas terras,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

(Cimbri) alias terras petierunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77 et saep. — Esp., terrae, the earth, the world:

pecunia tanta, quanta est in terris,

in the whole earth, in the world, Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

quid erat in terris, ubi, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 19, 48; 2, 20, 50; 2, 23, 57; id. Cael. 5, 12:

ruberes Viveret in terris te si quis avarior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 157; Sen. Prov. 2, 9; so,

aureus hanc vitam in terris Saturnus agebat,

Verg. G. 2, 538:

terrarum cura,

id. ib. 1, 26. — Ante-class., also in terrā, in the world:

quibus nunc in terrā melius est?

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 100:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 52; 2, 3, 42; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 51; id. Aul. 5, 9, 12; id. Curc. 1, 2, 51.—Hence also the phrase orbis terrarum, the world, the whole world, all nations:

quae orbem terrarum implevere famā,

Plin. 36, 36, 13, § 76:

Graecia in toto orbe terrarum potentissima,

id. 18, 7, 12, § 65:

cujus tres testes essent totum orbem terrarum nostro imperio teneri,

Cic. Balb. 6, 16; but freq. also orbis terrarum, the world, i. e. the empire of Rome:

orbis terrarum gentiumque omnium,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 33; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 36, 103;

while orbis terrae,

the globe, the earth, the world, id. Phil. 13, 15, 30; id. Fam. 5, 7, 3; id. Fl. 41, 103; id. Agr. 1, 1, 2;

but also with ref. to the Roman dominion,

id. de Or. 3, 32, 131; id. Sull. 11, 33; id. Dom. 42, 110; id. Phil. 8, 3, 10; id. Off, 2, 8, 27; id. Cat. 1, 1, 3; cf.

of the Senate: publicum orbis terrae consilium,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. Phil. 3, 14, 34; 4, 6, 14; 7, 7, 19;

v. orbis: quoquo hinc asportabitur terrarum, certum est persequi,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 18: ubi terrarum esses, ne suspicabar quidem, in what country, or where in the world, Cic. Att. 5, 10, 4, so, ubi terrarum, id. Rab. Post. 13, 37:

ubicumque terrarum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143; id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.

transfŭga, ae, comm. [transfugio], one who runs over to the enemy, a deserter (cf. perfuga).

Lit.:

transfuga non is solum accipiendus est, qui aut ad hostes aut in bello transfugit, sed et qui per indutiarum tempus ad eos, cum quibus nulla amicitia est, fide susceptā transfugit,

Dig. 49, 15, 19, § 8:

non omnia illum transfugam ausum esse senatui dicere,

Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100:

Scipio transfugas ac fugitivos bestiis objecit,

Liv. Epit. 51 fin.: proditores et transfugas arboribus suspendunt. Tac. G. 12:

barbari,

Suet. Calig. 47:

simulati,

Flor. 2, 6, 16; 3, 11, 10.—

Transf., in gen.:

transfuga divitum Partes linquere gestio,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 23:

paucissimi Quiritium medieinam attigere, et ipsi statim ad Graecos transfugae,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 17: secuti sunt quasi transfugam, quem ducem sequebantur. Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 25:

mundi,

i. e. from the Roman empire, Luc. 8, 335:

ne fias istā transfuga sorte vide,

Mart. 14, 131, 2; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 15:

metalli,

Dig. 49, 15, 12 fin.