empire

• Secrets of the empire

affectātĭo (better adf-), ōnis, f. [adfecto], a striving after something (in a good or bad sense; for the most part only in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

philosophia sapientiae amor est et adfectatio,

Sen. Ep. 89:

magna caeli adfectatione compertum, i. e. perscrutatione,

investigation, Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82 (but Jan reads adsectatio):

decoris,

id. 11, 37, 56, § 154: Nervii circa adfectationem Germanicae originis ( in the endeavor to pass for Germans), ultro ambitiosi sunt, Tac. G. 28:

imperii,

aspiring to the empire, Suet. Tit. 9.—

Esp., in rhetoric, a striving to give a certain character or quality to discourse without possessing the ability to do it, also an inordinate desire to say something striking, affectation, conceit:

(ad malam adfectationem) pertinent, quae in oratione sunt tumida, exsilia, praedulcia, abundantia, arcessita, exsultantia,

Quint. 8, 3, 56:

nihil est odiosius adfectatione,

id. 1, 6, 11; 8, 3, 27; 9, 3, 54; 10, 1, 82; Suet. Gram. 10; id. Tib. 70.

affectātĭo (better adf-), ōnis, f. [adfecto], a striving after something (in a good or bad sense; for the most part only in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

philosophia sapientiae amor est et adfectatio,

Sen. Ep. 89:

magna caeli adfectatione compertum, i. e. perscrutatione,

investigation, Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82 (but Jan reads adsectatio):

decoris,

id. 11, 37, 56, § 154: Nervii circa adfectationem Germanicae originis ( in the endeavor to pass for Germans), ultro ambitiosi sunt, Tac. G. 28:

imperii,

aspiring to the empire, Suet. Tit. 9.—

Esp., in rhetoric, a striving to give a certain character or quality to discourse without possessing the ability to do it, also an inordinate desire to say something striking, affectation, conceit:

(ad malam adfectationem) pertinent, quae in oratione sunt tumida, exsilia, praedulcia, abundantia, arcessita, exsultantia,

Quint. 8, 3, 56:

nihil est odiosius adfectatione,

id. 1, 6, 11; 8, 3, 27; 9, 3, 54; 10, 1, 82; Suet. Gram. 10; id. Tib. 70.

Ălexandrēa (the form of Cicero's time, Cic. Phil. 2, 19; id. Fin. 5, 19; Prop. 4, 10, 33 ( Alexandria, Müll.); Hor. C. 4, 14, 35 K. and H.; also Ălexandrīa under the Empire; so, Antiochēa and Antiochīa; cf. Prisc. p. 588 P., Ochsn. Eclog. 143, and Osann ad Cic. Rep. p. 467), ae, f., = Alexandreia, a name of several towns of antiquity; among which,

The most distinguished is the city built by Alexander the Great, after the destruction of Tyre, upon the north coast of Egypt, the residence of the Ptolemies, and the emporium of Eastern trade during the Middle Ages, sometimes with the appellation Magna, now Iskenderieh or Alexandria, Plin. 5, 10, 11, § 62.—

A town in Troas, now Eski Stamboul, sometimes called Alexandria, Cic. Ac. 2, 4; Plin. 5, 30, 33, § 124;

and sometimes Alexandria Troas,

Liv. 35, 42; 37, 35; Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 128.—

A town in Aria, also called Alexandria Ariōn (i. e. Arionum), now Herat, Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 61; 6, 23, 25, § 93.—Hence, Ălexandrīnus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Alexandria,

In Egypt:

vita atque licentia,

a luxurious and licentious life, like that of Alexandria, at that time a centre of luxury, Caes. B. C. 3, 110; Petr. 31; Quint. 1, 2, 7 Spald.:

Alexandrina navis,

an Alexandrian merchantship, Suet. Aug. 98; id. Ner. 45; id. Galb. 10: Bellum Alexandrinum, the history of the expedition of Cœsar into Egypt, after the battle at Pharsalus, Auct. B. Alex. 1.—

In Troas, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 131; 23, 8, 80, § 158. — Subst.: Ălexandrīni, ōrum, m., inhabitants of Alexandria (in Egypt):

ad Alexandrinos istos revertamur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Pis. 21, 49.

Ălexandrēa (the form of Cicero's time, Cic. Phil. 2, 19; id. Fin. 5, 19; Prop. 4, 10, 33 ( Alexandria, Müll.); Hor. C. 4, 14, 35 K. and H.; also Ălexandrīa under the Empire; so, Antiochēa and Antiochīa; cf. Prisc. p. 588 P., Ochsn. Eclog. 143, and Osann ad Cic. Rep. p. 467), ae, f., = Alexandreia, a name of several towns of antiquity; among which,

The most distinguished is the city built by Alexander the Great, after the destruction of Tyre, upon the north coast of Egypt, the residence of the Ptolemies, and the emporium of Eastern trade during the Middle Ages, sometimes with the appellation Magna, now Iskenderieh or Alexandria, Plin. 5, 10, 11, § 62.—

A town in Troas, now Eski Stamboul, sometimes called Alexandria, Cic. Ac. 2, 4; Plin. 5, 30, 33, § 124;

and sometimes Alexandria Troas,

Liv. 35, 42; 37, 35; Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 128.—

A town in Aria, also called Alexandria Ariōn (i. e. Arionum), now Herat, Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 61; 6, 23, 25, § 93.—Hence, Ălexandrīnus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Alexandria,

In Egypt:

vita atque licentia,

a luxurious and licentious life, like that of Alexandria, at that time a centre of luxury, Caes. B. C. 3, 110; Petr. 31; Quint. 1, 2, 7 Spald.:

Alexandrina navis,

an Alexandrian merchantship, Suet. Aug. 98; id. Ner. 45; id. Galb. 10: Bellum Alexandrinum, the history of the expedition of Cœsar into Egypt, after the battle at Pharsalus, Auct. B. Alex. 1.—

In Troas, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 131; 23, 8, 80, § 158. — Subst.: Ălexandrīni, ōrum, m., inhabitants of Alexandria (in Egypt):

ad Alexandrinos istos revertamur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Pis. 21, 49.

Ălexandrēa (the form of Cicero's time, Cic. Phil. 2, 19; id. Fin. 5, 19; Prop. 4, 10, 33 ( Alexandria, Müll.); Hor. C. 4, 14, 35 K. and H.; also Ălexandrīa under the Empire; so, Antiochēa and Antiochīa; cf. Prisc. p. 588 P., Ochsn. Eclog. 143, and Osann ad Cic. Rep. p. 467), ae, f., = Alexandreia, a name of several towns of antiquity; among which,

The most distinguished is the city built by Alexander the Great, after the destruction of Tyre, upon the north coast of Egypt, the residence of the Ptolemies, and the emporium of Eastern trade during the Middle Ages, sometimes with the appellation Magna, now Iskenderieh or Alexandria, Plin. 5, 10, 11, § 62.—

A town in Troas, now Eski Stamboul, sometimes called Alexandria, Cic. Ac. 2, 4; Plin. 5, 30, 33, § 124;

and sometimes Alexandria Troas,

Liv. 35, 42; 37, 35; Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 128.—

A town in Aria, also called Alexandria Ariōn (i. e. Arionum), now Herat, Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 61; 6, 23, 25, § 93.—Hence, Ălexandrīnus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Alexandria,

In Egypt:

vita atque licentia,

a luxurious and licentious life, like that of Alexandria, at that time a centre of luxury, Caes. B. C. 3, 110; Petr. 31; Quint. 1, 2, 7 Spald.:

Alexandrina navis,

an Alexandrian merchantship, Suet. Aug. 98; id. Ner. 45; id. Galb. 10: Bellum Alexandrinum, the history of the expedition of Cœsar into Egypt, after the battle at Pharsalus, Auct. B. Alex. 1.—

In Troas, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 131; 23, 8, 80, § 158. — Subst.: Ălexandrīni, ōrum, m., inhabitants of Alexandria (in Egypt):

ad Alexandrinos istos revertamur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Pis. 21, 49.

Ălexandrēa (the form of Cicero's time, Cic. Phil. 2, 19; id. Fin. 5, 19; Prop. 4, 10, 33 ( Alexandria, Müll.); Hor. C. 4, 14, 35 K. and H.; also Ălexandrīa under the Empire; so, Antiochēa and Antiochīa; cf. Prisc. p. 588 P., Ochsn. Eclog. 143, and Osann ad Cic. Rep. p. 467), ae, f., = Alexandreia, a name of several towns of antiquity; among which,

The most distinguished is the city built by Alexander the Great, after the destruction of Tyre, upon the north coast of Egypt, the residence of the Ptolemies, and the emporium of Eastern trade during the Middle Ages, sometimes with the appellation Magna, now Iskenderieh or Alexandria, Plin. 5, 10, 11, § 62.—

A town in Troas, now Eski Stamboul, sometimes called Alexandria, Cic. Ac. 2, 4; Plin. 5, 30, 33, § 124;

and sometimes Alexandria Troas,

Liv. 35, 42; 37, 35; Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 128.—

A town in Aria, also called Alexandria Ariōn (i. e. Arionum), now Herat, Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 61; 6, 23, 25, § 93.—Hence, Ălexandrīnus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Alexandria,

In Egypt:

vita atque licentia,

a luxurious and licentious life, like that of Alexandria, at that time a centre of luxury, Caes. B. C. 3, 110; Petr. 31; Quint. 1, 2, 7 Spald.:

Alexandrina navis,

an Alexandrian merchantship, Suet. Aug. 98; id. Ner. 45; id. Galb. 10: Bellum Alexandrinum, the history of the expedition of Cœsar into Egypt, after the battle at Pharsalus, Auct. B. Alex. 1.—

In Troas, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 131; 23, 8, 80, § 158. — Subst.: Ălexandrīni, ōrum, m., inhabitants of Alexandria (in Egypt):

ad Alexandrinos istos revertamur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Pis. 21, 49.

Attĭus or Accĭus (both forms are equally attested; Attius predominated under the empire, and the Greeks always wrote Attios. Teuffel), ii, m., = Attios, a Roman proper name.

L. Attius, a distinguished Roman poet of the ante-class. per., younger than Pacuvius, and his rival in tragedy and comedy. Of his poems a considerable number of fragments yet remain; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. pp. 44 and 45; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 49, and Schmid ad Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 56.—Hence,

Attĭānus ( Acc-), a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Attius:

versus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

Attianum illud: nihil credo auguribus,

Gell. 14, 1, 34.—

Attius Navius, a soothsayer, who, in the presence and at the bidding of Tarquinius Priscus, cut in pieces a stone with a razor, Liv. 1, 36; Val. Max. 1, 4, n. 1; Cic. Div. 1, 17, 31 sqq.; 2, 38, 80.—

P. Attius Varus, a prœtor in Africa at the time of the civil war between Cœsar and Pompey, Caes. B. C. 1, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 13.—Hence,

Attĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Attius:

milites,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

legiones,

Cic. Att. 7, 15 and 20.—

T. Attius, an orator of Pisaurum, in the time of Cicero, Cic. Clu. 23.

carrūca and carrūcha, ae. f., a sort of four-wheeled travelling and state coach (not before the empire), Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140; Suet. Ner. 30; Mart. 3, 47, 13; 3, 62, 5; 12, 24, 2; Lampr. Elag. 31 al.; cf. Becker, Gall. 3, p. 12 sq.

Carrūca, ae, f., a town in Hispania Baetica, north of Munda, Auct. B. Hisp. 27, 5.

carrūca and carrūcha, ae. f., a sort of four-wheeled travelling and state coach (not before the empire), Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140; Suet. Ner. 30; Mart. 3, 47, 13; 3, 62, 5; 12, 24, 2; Lampr. Elag. 31 al.; cf. Becker, Gall. 3, p. 12 sq.

Carrūca, ae, f., a town in Hispania Baetica, north of Munda, Auct. B. Hisp. 27, 5.

carrūca and carrūcha, ae. f., a sort of four-wheeled travelling and state coach (not before the empire), Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140; Suet. Ner. 30; Mart. 3, 47, 13; 3, 62, 5; 12, 24, 2; Lampr. Elag. 31 al.; cf. Becker, Gall. 3, p. 12 sq.

Carrūca, ae, f., a town in Hispania Baetica, north of Munda, Auct. B. Hisp. 27, 5.

cōdĭcilli, ōrum (sing. post-class. and rare in the meaning II. B. 2. infra, Cod. Just. 1, 5, 4, § 5; Cod. Th. 8, 18, 7; 16, 5, 40; Dig. 29, 7, 19; cf. ib. 50, 16, 148), m. dim. [codex = caudex].

Wood cut and split for burning, only in Cato, R. R. 37, 5; 130. —

(Acc. to caudex, III., a writing-tablet; hence) A writing, letter, esp. a short writing, note, billet, a petition, etc.; cf. Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 89, and 33, 1, 4, § 12.

In gen., Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 28; id. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 9, 26, 1; id. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 1; id. Att. 4, 8, 2: cum codicillis venit puer, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Suet. Tib. 51; id. Claud. 5; id. Oth. 10; id. Gram. 14; Sen. Ep. 55, 10; Tac. A. 4, 39; 6, 9; Suet. Ner. 49; Sen. Clem. 15 al. —

Specif., in the time of the empire,

A writing of the emperor conferring some privilege, a diploma, a cabinet order, Suet. Tib. 22, 42; id. Calig. 18; 54; id. Claud. 29; Cod. Th. 6, 4, 23.—

A brief testamentary order, usu. as an addition or appendix to a will, a codicil, Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 1; Tac. A. 15, 64 fin.; cf. Dig. 29, tit. 7: de jure codicillorum.

cŏmĭtātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from comitor and comito; v. comitor.

cŏmĭtātus, ūs, m. [comes].

An escort, an attending multitude, a train, retinue (in sing. and plur.).

In gen. (class.):

qui cum uxore veheretur in raedā muliebri et delicato ancillarum puerorumque comitatu,

Cic. Mil. 10, 28:

magno comitatu ingredi,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 6:

comitatum optimorum civium desero,

id. Att. 8, 3, 2:

praedonis improbissimi societas atque comitatus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fam. 6, 19, 1:

Pompeius comitatu equitum triginta ad mare pervenit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96; Quint. 1, 2, 5; 7, 2, 45:

iter modico comitatu ingressus est,

Suet. Caes. 31; id. Aug. 98 et saep.; Verg. A. 12, 336.—

Transf., of animals:

multo ceterarum volucrum comitatu,

Tac. A. 6, 28.—

Of abstr. objects:

pruna hordearia appellata a comitatu frugis ejus,

i. e. because they ripen at the same time, Plin. 15, 13, 12, § 41; so,

virgultorum,

id. 17, 23, 35, § 211:

quid tanto virtutum comitatu (opus est) si? etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111; id. Par. 2, 1, 16:

utriusque causae,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 283:

ferre impetum vitiorum, tam magno comitatu venientium,

Sen. Ep. 7, 6.—

In partic., in the time of the empire, an imperial escort, retinue, court, suite, Tac. H. 2, 65; Plin. Pan. 20, 3; Dig. 49, 16, 13; Aus. Ep. 17; Symm. Ep. 8, 9; Aug. Ep. 129:

Osthanes exornatus comitatu Alexandri,

honored with the right of attendance upon Alexander, Plin. 30, 1, 2, § 8; cf.:

deici congressu et comitatu,

Tac. A. 13, 46.—

A company (without the accessory idea of attendance), a band, troop, crowd, swarm:

litterae, quaecumque erant in eo comitatu, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6; Caes. B. C. 1, 48; 1, 51; 1, 54; Sall. C. 45, 1; Liv. 28, 22, 4; Suet. Tib. 6 al.

consŭlāris, e, adj. [consul], of or pertaining to a consul, consular (very freq.): aetas, the age required by law for the consular office, viz. the 43d year, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 48; cf.

annus, II.: comitia,

for the choice of consul, id. Mur. 26, 53; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

officium,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 2; cf.

imperium,

id. Pis. 16, 38; Sall. C. 55, 6:

fasces,

Liv. 2, 54, 4:

lictor,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 9:

insignia,

Vell. 2, 58, 3; Tac. A. 13, 10; id. H. 4, 4:

ornamenta,

Suet. Caes. 76:

exercitus,

Liv. 3, 29, 2; 10, 25, 16; cf.

arma,

Vell. 2, 68: femina, of a consul, Suet. Aug. 69; cf. Dig. 1, 9, 1 res, worthy of a consul, Liv. 4, 8, 4; so,

ortio,

id. 34, 6, 2; and cf. infra, adv.:

vinum,

named after the consul during whose administration it was made, Mart. 7, 79.—

Esp.: homo consularis,

a man of consular rank, one who has been consul, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 118; 2, 3, 79, § 184; id. Phil. 11, 2, 5; ib. Rab. Post. 10, 27; so,

vir consularis,

id. Sest. 21, 48; id. Cat. 4, 2, 3.—And,

Subst.: consŭlāris, is, m.

One who has been consul, an ex-consul, or one of consular rank:

egregios consules habemus, sed turpissimos consulares,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1; id. Phil. 8, 4, 14; Sall. C. 53, 1; Nep. Hann. 12, 1 al.—

In the time of the empire, a legate sent by the emperor as governor into a province, Tac. Agr. 8 and 14; Suet. Aug. 33; 47; id. Tib. 41; 63 al.—Hence, adj.:

consularis adoptio,

Quint. 6. prooem. § 13 Spald.—

* Adv.: consŭlārĭter, in a manner worthy of a consul:

consulariter acta vita,

Liv. 4, 10, 9.

Dārēus (so the best editt. of Cicero and Curtius; cf. Zumpt, Gramm. § 2) or Dā-rīus (Dărĭī, Sid. Carm. 9, 51:

Dărīos,

Aus. Ep. 5, 23, v. no. II.), ii, m., Dareios [a Persian word, from R. dar-, to hold:

"the sustainer of the empire," Max. Müller, Science of Lang. 2, 220],

the name of several Persian Kings, Cic. Fin. 5, 30 fin.; Plin. 6, 13, 16, § 41; Curt. and Just. passim; Ov. lb. 317; Claud. Epist. 1, 17.—

Meton. for the gold coin stamped under Darius, a daric, Aus. l. l.—Hence, Darīus, a, um, adj. (late Lat.), of Darius, opes, Mart. Cap. 6, § 578.

Dārēus (so the best editt. of Cicero and Curtius; cf. Zumpt, Gramm. § 2) or Dā-rīus (Dărĭī, Sid. Carm. 9, 51:

Dărīos,

Aus. Ep. 5, 23, v. no. II.), ii, m., Dareios [a Persian word, from R. dar-, to hold:

"the sustainer of the empire," Max. Müller, Science of Lang. 2, 220],

the name of several Persian Kings, Cic. Fin. 5, 30 fin.; Plin. 6, 13, 16, § 41; Curt. and Just. passim; Ov. lb. 317; Claud. Epist. 1, 17.—

Meton. for the gold coin stamped under Darius, a daric, Aus. l. l.—Hence, Darīus, a, um, adj. (late Lat.), of Darius, opes, Mart. Cap. 6, § 578.

dēfectĭo, ōnis, f. [deficio].

Defection, desertion, rebellion, revolt.

Lit.:

rebellio facta post deditionem, defectio datis obsidibus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 10; 5, 26; 6, 3, 4; Liv. 7, 42; 23, 12: Ampsivariorum a tergo, in the rear (of Caesar), Tac. A. 2, 8; 4, 24 et saep.:

subita defectio Pompeii,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4 al.:

imperii,

from the empire, Just. 41, 2, 1.—

Trop.:

intemperantia, quae est a tota mente et a recta ratione defectio,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 22.—

(Acc. to deficio, no. III.) A failing, failure, deficiency, want, disappearance.

Lit. (so most freq.):

ista ipsa defectio virium adolescentiae vitiis efficitur saepius quam senectutis,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 29:

aquarum, Frontin. Aquaed. 91: pecuniae,

Macr. Sat. 2, 5:

rerum,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2.—

Esp. of the obscuration of the heavenly bodies, an eclipse:

solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 17; 1, 49 fin.; id. N. D. 2, 61; id. Rep. 1, 14 fin.; Sen. Q. N. 1, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 47; Tac. A. 1, 28 et saep.—

Also (sc. virium), exhaustion, faintness, swooning, fainting (post-Aug. prose), Plin. 23, praef. §

4: animae,

a swoon, Cels. 7, 33; Suet. Cal. 50:

alvo usque ad defectionem soluta,

id. Vesp. 24; cf. id. Tib. 73:

recreandae defectioni cibum adferre,

Tac. A. 6, 56 (50); cf.: defectione perire, by exhaustion, i. e. by disease, Sen. N. Q. 2, 59, 11:

in cunctis renibus,

Vulg. Nahum 2, 10.—

In the later grammarians, an ellipsis:

dicere aliquid per defectionem,

by ellipsis, elliptically, Gell. 5, 8, 3; 12, 14, 3; Macr. Sat. 6, 8 al.—

Trop.:

Quintus frater omnia mittit spei plena, metuens credo defectionem animi mei,

my want of courage, despondency, Cic. Att. 3, 18.

dēfensor, ōris, m., rar. f. [id.].

One who fends, wards, averts, or keeps off:

necis,

Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

periculi,

id. Mur. 2.—

A defender, protector.

In gen. (for syn. cf.:

tutor, praeses, vindex, cognitor, curator, patronus, advocatus, causidicus): paterni juris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244; cf. id. Mil. 15:

juris et libertatis, id. Rab. perd. 4, 12: octo tribuni plebis, illius adversarii, defensores mei,

id. Mil. 15; cf. Hor. S. 2, 5, 30;

opp. petitor,

Quint. 4, 2, 132:

bonus,

id. 5, 13, 3 et saep.;

opp. accusator,

id. 7, 2, 31; 5, 13, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82 et saep.; cf. patronus. Once fem.:

mulier defensor alicujus,

Dig. 16, 1, 2 fin.:

canes defensores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9.—

Esp. in plur., defensores, the garrison:

oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12; id. ib. 3, 25 et saep.; Sall. J. 23; Liv. 21, 11; Verg. A. 2, 521; Ov. M. 13, 274 et saep.—

Defensor civitatis, or plebis, or loci, in the later period of the empire (since 365 A.D.), title of a magistrate in the provincial cities, whose chief duty was to afford protection against oppression on the part of the governor;

he was likewise endowed with a subordinate civil jurisdiction,

Cod. Theod. 1, 11; Cod. Just. 1, 55; Just. Inst. 1, 20, 5.—

Of inanimate subjects, as the guards (sublicae) of a bridge, Caes. B. G. 4, 17 fin.

dēsīdĕrĭum, ii, n. [desidero], a longing, ardent desire or wish, properly for something once possessed; grief, regret for the absence or loss of any thing (for syn. cf.: optio, optatio, cupido, cupiditas, studium, appetitio, voluntas—freq. and class.).

Prop.

With gen. object.:

te desiderium Athenarum cepisset,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 13; cf.:

me desiderium tenet urbis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 22;

and, locorum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 21:

rerum earum,

Lucr. 3, 901; cf. id. 3, 922; 918:

esse in desiderio alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 2, 12 fin.:

desiderium conjunctissimi viri ferre,

id. Lael. 27, 104:

Scipionis desiderio moveri,

id. ib. 3, 10:

tam cari capitis,

Hor. Od. 1, 24, 1:

defuncti,

Suet. Calig. 6 et saep.:

desiderio id fieri tuo (for tui),

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 66; cf.:

voluntas, in qua inest aliqua vis desiderii ad sanandum volnus injuriae,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 14.—

Absol.: pectora dura tenet desiderium, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41:

alicui esse magno desiderio,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 5:

explere exspectationem diuturni desiderii,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205:

quo (desiderio) conficior,

id. Or. 10:

ex desiderio laborare,

id. Fam. 6, 11:

facere aliquid cum desiderio,

id. Lael. 21, 81:

demus hoc desiderio jam pene publico,

Quint. 8, 4, 29 et saep. In plur.: desideria alicujus commovere, Cic. Rab. perd. 9, 24; Hor. Od. 4, 5, 15 et saep.

Trop., of a person, as the object of longing:

nunc desiderium, curaque non levis,

Hor. Od. 1, 14, 18: desiderio meo nitenti, Catull. 2, 5;

and as a term of endearment: mea lux, meum desiderium... valete, mea desideria, valete,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2 fin.; Catull. 2, 5.—

Transf.

Want, need, necessity, [p. 557] in general (rare;

not ante-Aug.): cibi potionisque desiderium naturale,

Liv. 21, 4 et saep.:

pro desiderio corporum,

Plin. 11, 50, 111, § 264:

desideria scabendi,

id. 30, 14, 43, § 127 al. —

In the time of the empire, a request, petition on the part of inferiors:

desideria militum ad Caesarem ferenda,

Tac. A. 1, 19; 1, 26; Suet. Aug. 17; Plin. Pan. 79, 6; Dig. 1, 16, 9; 25, 3, 5.—

Desires, pleasures (late Lat.):

servientibus desideriis et voluptatibus,

Vulg. Tit. 3, 3:

carnis,

id. Ephes. 2, 3.

dĕus, i ( voc. sing. deus, Vulg. Psa. 22, 3 al.;

but, dee,

Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 29; Prud. Hamart. 931; cf. Prob. Inst. Art. 532, p. 340. The nom. plur. is di and dei; dii is freq. in MSS., but prob. indicates only the length of the ī. Di alone is found in Verg. and Hor.; di and dei indifferently in post-Aug. poets.— Gen.: deōrum and deum. — Poet. also, divum or divom, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; Verg. A. 1, 46 et saep.; Hor. Od. 1, 2, 25 al.— Dat.: dis or diis, usually monosyl.; and, deis, mostly postAug.; also,

DIBVS,

Inscr. Orell. 1307; 1676; 3091; 3413;

and DIIBVS,

ib. 2118; 4608.—As monosyllable, deus, Plaut. Am. prol. 53: deorum, dissyl. id. ib. 45;

but dĭī,

Luc. 4, 493:

dĕī,

id. 4, 519:

dĕīs,

Val. Fl. 7, 29), m. [root in Sanscr.: dī, div- (dyu-), to gleam: dyāus (Gr. zeus), heaven: dévas, God; cf. Gr. dios, eudia; but not theos, Curt. Gr. etym. 503 sqq.]. a god, a deity (for syn. cf.: divus, numen).

Prop., Cic. N. D. 1, 22 sq.; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65 sq.; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14: qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 (Ann. v. 116 sq. ed Vahl.): ab Jove ceterisque dis deabusque immortalibus... deorum immortalium numen, Cic. Rab. perd. 2, 5 et innum. al.—

Special combinations.

Forms of ejaculation:

di,

Ter. And. 1, 4, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 13:

di boni,

id. And. 2, 2, 1; id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; Cic. Att. 6, 6 fin. al.:

di immortales,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 299; id. Ep. 5, 1, 21; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 1; Cic. Fin. 2, 28 fin. et saep.; cf.:

pro di immortales,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 190; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 1:

di magni,

Ov. F. 6, 187:

di deaeque, Plin. H. N. prooem. § 24: di vostram fidem,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 78; id. Trin. 2, 4, 190; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5 al. (for which in full:

di, obsecro vostram fidem,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 78); cf.:

pro deum atque hominum fidem,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 2; id. Hec. 2, 1, 1 al.;

and ellipt.: pro deum immortalium,

Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 4.—

Forms of wishing (well or ill), greeting, asseveration, etc.:

di bene vortant,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10;

and in the order: di vortant bene,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 98; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121:

utinam di faxint ut, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109; cf.:

ita di deaeque faxint,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 27:

di faciant, ut, ne, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35; 2, 5, 13:

di prohibeant,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 36; cf.: di averruncent, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 2 A, 1; and:

quod di omen avertant,

the gods forbid, Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

di melius faciant,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 81; cf.:

di melius duint,

Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 16:

di meliora ferant,

Tib. 3, 4, 1:

di meliora velint,

Ov. M. 7, 37;

also ellipt.: di meliora,

God forbid! Cic. Phil. 8, 3, 9; id. de Sen. 14, 47; Liv; 39, 10 et saep.;

and di melius,

Ov. H. 3, 125; Sen. Ep. 98 med.:

dent tibi di multa bona,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; id. Trin. 5, 2, 28; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21:

di te servassint,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 64; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103 et saep.:

di me servatum volunt,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 61; id. Trin. 4, 3, 69 [p. 565] et saep.:

di te perduint (perdant),

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Ps. 4, 7, 129; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 10 al.; cf.:

di te eradicent,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 22; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 28; and:

di tibi male faciant,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 47; Cic. Fam. 11, 21 al.:

di te ament (amabunt), as a form of greeting,

God bless you! Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 27; 3, 2, 28; id. Men. 2, 2, 6 al.:

ita me di ament (amabunt),

so help me the gods! Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 4, 44 et saep.; cf.:

ita me di bene ament,

id. Eun. 4, 1, 1; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

per deos immortales,

by the immortal gods! Cic. Phil. 3, 14:

per deos,

id. Off. 2, 2 al.:

cum dis volentibus,

by the gods' help, Enn. in Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 ed. Vahl.); Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 41; id. Pers. 3, 1, 4; cf.:

dis volentibus,

God willing, Sall. 3, 14, 19:

si dis placet,

if it please the gods, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 94;

for which: si di volent,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 88;

more freq.: si dis placet, ironically or contemptuously,

an't please the gods; if you please; forsooth, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Pis. 16 fin.; Liv. 6, 40; 34, 32; Quint. 8, 3, 44; Flor. 3, 4, 1 al.:

di hominesque,

i. e. all the world, every body, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19; Sall. C. 15, 4; Liv. 3, 17; 3, 19 al.:

dis hominibusque invitis,

in spite of every body, Cic. Vatin. 16, 38; id. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 1.—

Esp.

In poets sometimes a goddess; cf. Gr. theos:

ducente deo (sc. Venere),

Verg. A. 2, 632:

audentes deus ipse juvat (sc. Fortuna),

Ov. M. 10, 586; Macr. Sat. 3, 8; cf. of Aurora, Cat. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 28 fin.;

of Alecto,

Verg. A. 7, 498 (but in all these passages, some regard deus as absol., = to theion, the divinity, Heyne ad Verg. A. 2, 632).—

Of Bacchus, Verg. A. 9, 337; 1, 636.—

In eccl. Lat., esp. the God of the Hebrews and Christians, God:

Deus summus,

Lact. 1, 1:

omnipotens,

Vulg. Gen. 17, 1 et passim. Also of the Son of God, God the Son, Christ:

Deus pater et Deus filius,

Lact. 4, 29, 1; Vulg. Johan. 1, 1 al.

Transf., of highly distinguished or fortunate persons:

te in dicendo semper putavi deum,

Cic. Or. 1, 23, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 42, 179:

facio te apud illum deum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 19:

audiamus Platonem quasi quendam deum philosophorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12; cf.:

deus ille noster Plato,

id. Att. 4, 16, 3:

ubi nunc nobis deus ille magister, Eryx,

Verg. A. 5, 392:

deos quoniam propius contingis (i. e. Augustus and Maecenas),

Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

deus sum, si hoc ita est,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 3; cf.:

sum deus,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 11; esp. of great patrons or protectors, a guardian god:

Lentulus consul, parens deus, salus nostrae vitae,

Cic. post Red. ad Quir. 5, 11:

Lentulus, cujus pater deus ac parens nominis mei,

id. Sest. 69, 144.—Hence freq. in inscriptions and on coins of the period of the empire, as an epithet of the emperors:

DEO AUG.,

Inscr. Orell. 609 et saep.; cf. Nem. Venat. 71; Calp. Ecl. 7.