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41 dependencia
f.1 dependence.2 section (departamento).en dependencias policiales on police premises3 office.4 outbuilding, appurtenance, outhouse.* * *1 (hecho de depender) dependence2 (política) dependency3 (departamento) department, section4 (habitación) room, outbuilding5 (sucursal) branch6 (conjunto de dependientes) sales staff\estar bajo la dependencia de to be dependent on* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=estado) dependence (de on)dependencia psicológica — psychological dependence, psychological dependency
2) (=parentesco) relationship3) (Arquit) (=habitación) room4) (Com) (=sección) section, office; (=sucursal) branch office; (=empleados) personnel, employees pl5) (Pol) dependency* * *1) (estado, condición) dependencedependencia psicológica — psychological dependence o dependency
2)* * *1) (estado, condición) dependencedependencia psicológica — psychological dependence o dependency
2)* * *dependencia11 = dependency, reliance, appurtenance.Ex: The main limitation of this pragmatic approach lies in the time and collection dependency of the resulting tool.
Ex: Regardless of whether automation emancipates the library itself from reliance on cataloging data, we recognize our responsibility to meet the needs of libraries that cannot take advantage of the new technology.Ex: The 9 relations are: concurrence, equivalence, distinctness, self-activity, dimensional, action, association, appurtenance and functional dependence.* dependencia contextual = context dependency.* dependencia de = dependence (on/of/upon), reliance on.* dependencia del contexto = situatedness.* dependencia excesiva = over reliance [over-reliance].* tasa de dependencia = dependency ratio.dependencia22 = premise, facility, outbuilding.Ex: Perhaps university libraries are concentrating on finding low-use book storage on the campus or in cheap local warehousing premises.
Ex: Solutions include constructing compact shelving, on-site remote storage or building new library facilities.Ex: It's an old farmhouse with outbuildings and large enclosed courtyard in a pretty village close to Montbard.* dependencia anexa = outhouse.* dependencia central = main site, main site facility.* dependencias = accommodation, quarters, living quarters.* * *A (estado, condición) dependencedependencia económica economic dependencedependencia psicológica psychological dependence o dependencydependencia DE algo dependence ON sthla dependencia de la economía de un monocultivo the dependence o reliance of the economy on a monoculturesu dependencia de la heroína her dependence on heroinBlas dependencias del servicio the servants' quarters* * *
dependencia sustantivo femenino
1 ( condición) dependence;
dependencia de algo dependence on sth
2
( salas) rooms (pl)
dependencia sustantivo femenino
1 dependence [de, on] 2 dependencias, premises
' dependencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adicta
- adicto
- hábito
- vestuario
English:
addiction
- dependence
- reliance
* * *dependencia nf2. [de drogas] dependency;dependencia del tabaco tobacco addiction o dependency3. [departamento] section;[sucursal] branch4. [habitación] room5. [edificación] building;[adosado] annexe; [independiente] outbuilding;en dependencias policiales on police premises* * *f1 dependence, dependency (de on)2 COM department* * *dependencia nf1) : dependence, dependencydependencia emocional: emotional dependencedependencia del alcohol: dependence on alcohol2) : agency, branch office -
42 Empire, Portuguese overseas
(1415-1975)Portugal was the first Western European state to establish an early modern overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean and perhaps the last colonial power to decolonize. A vast subject of complexity that is full of myth as well as debatable theories, the history of the Portuguese overseas empire involves the story of more than one empire, the question of imperial motives, the nature of Portuguese rule, and the results and consequences of empire, including the impact on subject peoples as well as on the mother country and its society, Here, only the briefest account of a few such issues can be attempted.There were various empires or phases of empire after the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. There were at least three Portuguese empires in history: the First empire (1415-1580), the Second empire (1580-1640 and 1640-1822), and the Third empire (1822-1975).With regard to the second empire, the so-called Phillipine period (1580-1640), when Portugal's empire was under Spanish domination, could almost be counted as a separate era. During that period, Portugal lost important parts of its Asian holdings to England and also sections of its colonies of Brazil, Angola, and West Africa to Holland's conquests. These various empires could be characterized by the geography of where Lisbon invested its greatest efforts and resources to develop territories and ward off enemies.The first empire (1415-1580) had two phases. First came the African coastal phase (1415-97), when the Portuguese sought a foothold in various Moroccan cities but then explored the African coast from Morocco to past the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. While colonization and sugar farming were pursued in the Atlantic islands, as well as in the islands in the Gulf of Guinea like São Tomé and Príncipe, for the most part the Portuguese strategy was to avoid commitments to defending or peopling lands on the African continent. Rather, Lisbon sought a seaborne trade empire, in which the Portuguese could profit from exploiting trade and resources (such as gold) along the coasts and continue exploring southward to seek a sea route to Portuguese India. The second phase of the first empire (1498-1580) began with the discovery of the sea route to Asia, thanks to Vasco da Gama's first voyage in 1497-99, and the capture of strong points, ports, and trading posts in order to enforce a trade monopoly between Asia and Europe. This Asian phase produced the greatest revenues of empire Portugal had garnered, yet ended when Spain conquered Portugal and commanded her empire as of 1580.Portugal's second overseas empire began with Spanish domination and ran to 1822, when Brazil won her independence from Portugal. This phase was characterized largely by Brazilian dominance of imperial commitment, wealth in minerals and other raw materials from Brazil, and the loss of a significant portion of her African and Asian coastal empire to Holland and Great Britain. A sketch of Portugal's imperial losses either to native rebellions or to imperial rivals like Britain and Holland follows:• Morocco (North Africa) (sample only)Arzila—Taken in 1471; evacuated in 1550s; lost to Spain in 1580, which returned city to a sultan.Ceuta—Taken in 1415; lost to Spain in 1640 (loss confirmed in 1668 treaty with Spain).• Tangiers—Taken in 15th century; handed over to England in 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to King Charles II.• West Africa• Fort/Castle of São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (in what is now Ghana)—Taken in 1480s; lost to Holland in 1630s.• Middle EastSocotra-isle—Conquered in 1507; fort abandoned in 1511; used as water resupply stop for India fleet.Muscat—Conquered in 1501; lost to Persians in 1650.Ormuz—Taken, 1505-15 under Albuquerque; lost to England, which gave it to Persia in the 17th century.Aden (entry to Red Sea) — Unsuccessfully attacked by Portugal (1513-30); taken by Turks in 1538.• India• Ceylon (Sri Lanka)—Taken by 1516; lost to Dutch after 1600.• Bombay—Taken in 16th century; given to England in 1661 treaty as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry for Charles II.• East Indies• Moluccas—Taken by 1520; possession confirmed in 1529 Saragossa treaty with Spain; lost to Dutch after 1600; only East Timor remaining.After the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal proceeded to revive and strengthen the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, with international aid to fight off further Spanish threats to Portugal and drive the Dutch invaders out of Brazil and Angola. While Portugal lost its foothold in West Africa at Mina to the Dutch, dominion in Angola was consolidated. The most vital part of the imperial economy was a triangular trade: slaves from West Africa and from the coasts of Congo and Angola were shipped to plantations in Brazil; raw materials (sugar, tobacco, gold, diamonds, dyes) were sent to Lisbon; Lisbon shipped Brazil colonists and hardware. Part of Portugal's War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68) and its reclaiming of Brazil and Angola from Dutch intrusions was financed by the New Christians (Jews converted to Christianity after the 1496 Manueline order of expulsion of Jews) who lived in Portugal, Holland and other low countries, France, and Brazil. If the first empire was mainly an African coastal and Asian empire, the second empire was primarily a Brazilian empire.Portugal's third overseas empire began upon the traumatic independence of Brazil, the keystone of the Lusitanian enterprise, in 1822. The loss of Brazil greatly weakened Portugal both as a European power and as an imperial state, for the scattered remainder of largely coastal, poor, and uncolonized territories that stretched from the bulge of West Africa to East Timor in the East Indies and Macau in south China were more of a financial liability than an asset. Only two small territories balanced their budgets occasionally or made profits: the cocoa islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and tiny Macau, which lost much of its advantage as an entrepot between the West and the East when the British annexed neighboring Hong Kong in 1842. The others were largely burdens on the treasury. The African colonies were strapped by a chronic economic problem: at a time when the slave trade and then slavery were being abolished under pressures from Britain and other Western powers, the economies of Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé/Príncipe, Angola, and Mozambique were totally dependent on revenues from the slave trade and slavery. During the course of the 19th century, Lisbon began a program to reform colonial administration in a newly rejuvenated African empire, where most of the imperial efforts were expended, by means of replacing the slave trade and slavery, with legitimate economic activities.Portugal participated in its own early version of the "Scramble" for Africa's interior during 1850-69, but discovered that the costs of imperial expansion were too high to allow effective occupation of the hinterlands. After 1875, Portugal participated in the international "Scramble for Africa" and consolidated its holdings in west and southern Africa, despite the failure of the contra-costa (to the opposite coast) plan, which sought to link up the interiors of Angola and Mozambique with a corridor in central Africa. Portugal's expansion into what is now Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (eastern section) in 1885-90 was thwarted by its oldest ally, Britain, under pressure from interest groups in South Africa, Scotland, and England. All things considered, Portugal's colonizing resources and energies were overwhelmed by the African empire it possessed after the frontier-marking treaties of 1891-1906. Lisbon could barely administer the massive area of five African colonies, whose total area comprised about 8 percent of the area of the colossal continent. The African territories alone were many times the size of tiny Portugal and, as of 1914, Portugal was the third colonial power in terms of size of area possessed in the world.The politics of Portugal's empire were deceptive. Lisbon remained obsessed with the fear that rival colonial powers, especially Germany and Britain, would undermine and then dismantle her African empire. This fear endured well into World War II. In developing and keeping her potentially rich African territories (especially mineral-rich Angola and strategically located Mozambique), however, the race against time was with herself and her subject peoples. Two major problems, both chronic, prevented Portugal from effective colonization (i.e., settling) and development of her African empire: the economic weakness and underdevelopment of the mother country and the fact that the bulk of Portuguese emigration after 1822 went to Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, and France, not to the colonies. These factors made it difficult to consolidate imperial control until it was too late; that is, until local African nationalist movements had organized and taken the field in insurgency wars that began in three of the colonies during the years 1961-64.Portugal's belated effort to revitalize control and to develop, in the truest sense of the word, Angola and Mozambique after 1961 had to be set against contemporary events in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While Portugal held on to a backward empire, other European countries like Britain, France, and Belgium were rapidly decolonizing their empires. Portugal's failure or unwillingness to divert the large streams of emigrants to her empire after 1850 remained a constant factor in this question. Prophetic were the words of the 19th-century economist Joaquim Oliveira Martins, who wrote in 1880 that Brazil was a better colony for Portugal than Africa and that the best colony of all would have been Portugal itself. As of the day of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which sparked the final process of decolonization of the remainder of Portugal's third overseas empire, the results of the colonization program could be seen to be modest compared to the numbers of Portuguese emigrants outside the empire. Moreover, within a year, of some 600,000 Portuguese residing permanently in Angola and Mozambique, all but a few thousand had fled to South Africa or returned to Portugal.In 1974 and 1975, most of the Portuguese empire was decolonized or, in the case of East Timor, invaded and annexed by a foreign power before it could consolidate its independence. Only historic Macau, scheduled for transfer to the People's Republic of China in 1999, remained nominally under Portuguese control as a kind of footnote to imperial history. If Portugal now lacked a conventional overseas empire and was occupied with the challenges of integration in the European Union (EU), Lisbon retained another sort of informal dependency that was a new kind of empire: the empire of her scattered overseas Portuguese communities from North America to South America. Their numbers were at least six times greater than that of the last settlers of the third empire.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Empire, Portuguese overseas
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43 press
pres
1. verb1) (to use a pushing motion (against): Press the bell twice!; The children pressed close to their mother.) apretar, presionar2) (to squeeze; to flatten: The grapes are pressed to extract the juice.) exprimir, estrujar; prensar3) (to urge or hurry: He pressed her to enter the competition.) presionar; apremiar4) (to insist on: The printers are pressing their claim for higher pay.) presionar, insistir5) (to iron: Your trousers need to be pressed.) planchar
2. noun1) (an act of pressing: He gave her hand a press; You had better give your shirt a press.) apretón; planchado2) ((also printing-press) a printing machine.) prensa3) (newspapers in general: It was reported in the press; (also adjective) a press photographer.) prensa4) (the people who work on newspapers and magazines; journalists: The press is/are always interested in the private lives of famous people.) prensa5) (a device or machine for pressing: a wine-press; a flower-press.) prensa•- pressing- press conference
- press-cutting
- be hard pressed
- be pressed for
- press for
- press forward/on
press1 n prensapress2 vb apretar / pulsarto print the document, press F7 para imprimir el documento, pulsa F7tr[pres]1 (newspapers) prensa■ the gutter press la prensa sensacionalista, la prensa amarilla2 (printing machine) prensa, imprenta3 (for grapes, flowers) prensa4 (act of pressing) presión nombre femenino; (of hand) apretón nombre masculino; (act of ironing) planchado1 (push down - button, switch) pulsar, apretar, presionar; (- accelerator) pisar; (- key on keyboard) pulsar; (- trigger) apretar2 (squeeze - hand) apretar3 (crush - fruit) exprimir, estrujar; (- grapes, olives, flowers) prensar4 (clothes) planchar, planchar a vapor5 (record) imprimir6 (urge, put pressure on) presionar, instar; (insist on) insistir en, exigir1 (push) apretar, presionar2 (crowd) apretujarse, apiñarse3 (urge, pressurize) presionar, insistir; (time) apremiar■ we are pressing for a peaceful solution estamos presionando para que se resuelva de forma pacífica\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat the time of going to press al cierre de la ediciónto go to press entrar en prensato have a good/bad press tener buena/mala prensato press a point recalcar un puntoto press charges against somebody presentar cargos contra alguien, formular cargos contra alguiento press home an advantage aprovechar una ventajapress agency agencia de prensapress conference conferencia de prensa, rueda de prensapress cutting recorte nombre masculino de prensapress box tribuna de prensapress release comunicado de prensapress stud botón nombre masculino de presiónpress ['prɛs] vt1) push: apretar2) squeeze: apretar, prensar (frutas, flores, etc.)3) iron: planchar (ropa)4) urge: instar, apremiarhe pressed me to come: insistió en que vinierapress vi1) push: apretarpress hard: aprieta con fuerza2) crowd: apiñarse3) : abrirse pasoI pressed through the crowd: me abrí paso entre el gentío4) urge: presionarpress n1) crowd: multitud f2) : imprenta f, prensa fto go to press: entrar en prensa3) urgency: urgencia f, prisa f4) printer, publisher: imprenta f, editorial f5)the press : la prensafreedom of the press: libertad de prensaadj.• de prensa adj.n.(§ pl.: presses) = estampa s.f.• imprenta s.f.• prensa s.f.• presión s.f.• urgencia s.f.v.• empujar v.• estrechar v.• estrujar v.• gravitar v.• instar v.• oprimir v.• planchar v.• prensar v.• presionar v.• pulsar (Tecla, botón) v.• urgir v.pres
I
1) ua) (newspapers, journalists) prensa fthe freedom of the press — la libertad de prensa; (before n) <box, gallery> de (la) prensa
press agency — (BrE) agencia f de prensa
press agent — encargado, -da m,f de prensa
press clipping o (BrE) cutting — recorte m de prensa
press office — oficina f de prensa
press photographer — reportero gráfico, reportera gráfica m,f
press release — comunicado m de prensa
press run — (AmE) tirada f
b) ( treatment by newspapers)to get a good/bad press — tener* buena/mala prensa, tener* buena/mala acogida por parte de la prensa
2) ca) ( printing press) prensa f, imprenta fb) ( publishing house) editorial f3) c (for pressing - grapes, flowers, machine parts) prensa f; (- trousers) prensa f plancha-pantalones
II
1.
1) ( push) \<\<button/doorbell\>\> apretar*, pulsar; \<\<pedal/footbrake\>\> pisar2)a) ( squeeze) apretar*b) ( in press) \<\<grapes/olives/flowers\>\> prensarc) \<\<disk/album\>\> imprimir*d) \<\<clothes\>\> planchar3)a) ( put pressure on)when pressed, she admitted it — cuando la presionaron, lo admitió
to press somebody FOR something/to + INF: I pressed him for an answer insistí en que or exigí que me diera una respuesta; they pressed him to change his policy — ejercieron presión sobre él para que cambiara de política
b) ( pursue)to press charges against somebody — presentar or formular cargos en contra de alguien
2.
vi1)a) ( exert pressure)press firmly — presione or apriete con fuerza
to press (down) ON something — apretar* algo, hacer* presión sobre algo
b) (crowd, push) \<\<people\>\> apretujarse, apiñarse2) (urge, pressurize) presionarto press FOR something: they've been pressing for an inquiry han estado presionando para que se haga una investigación; time presses o is pressing — el tiempo apremia
•Phrasal Verbs:- press on[pres]1. NOUN1) (Publishing)a) (=newspapers collectively) prensa f•
to get or have a good/ bad press — (lit, fig) tener buena/mala prensathe press reported that... — la prensa informó que...
member of the press — periodista mf, miembro mf de la prensa
free 1., 4), gutter I, 2.the national/local press — la prensa nacional/regional
b) (=printing press) imprenta f•
to go to press — entrar en prensa•
hot off the press(es) — recién salido de la imprenta•
to be in press — estar en prensa•
to pass sth for press — aprobar algo para la prensa•
to set the presses rolling — poner las prensas en marchac) (=publishing firm) editorial f•
at the press of a button — con solo apretar un botón3) (with iron)•
to give sth a press — planchar algo4) (=apparatus, machine) (for wine, olives, cheese, moulding) prensa f ; (also: trouser press) prensa f para planchar pantalones; (for racket) tensor mcider 2., printing 2.hydraulic press — prensa f hidráulica
5) (=crush) apiñamiento m, agolpamiento mhe lost his hat in the press to get out — perdió el sombrero en el apiñamiento or agolpamiento que se produjo a la salida
6) (Weightlifting) presa f7) (=cupboard) armario m2. TRANSITIVE VERB1) (=push, squeeze)a) [+ button, switch, doorbell] pulsar, apretar; [+ hand, trigger] apretar; [+ accelerator] pisarselect the option required, then press "enter" — escoja la opción que desee, y luego pulse or apriete "intro"
•
he pressed his face against the window — apretó la cara contra el cristalshe pressed herself against me/the wall — se apretó contra mí/contra la pared
•
she pressed a note into his hand — le metió un billete en la mano•
she pressed the lid on (to) the box — cerró la caja apretando la tapa•
he pressed her to him — la atrajo hacia sí- press the fleshb) (painfully) apretujaras the crowd moved back he found himself pressed up against a wall — a medida que la multitud retrocedía, se vio apretujado contra una pared
2) (using press) [+ grapes, olives, flowers] prensar3) (=iron) [+ clothes] planchar4) (Tech) (=make) [+ machine part] prensar; [+ record, disk] imprimir5) (=pressurize) presionarwhen pressed, she conceded the point — cuando la presionaron, les dio la razón
•
to press sb for sth — exigir algo de algnto press sb for payment — insistir en que algn pague, exigir a algn el pago de lo que se debe
•
to press sb into doing sth — obligar a algn a hacer algoI found myself pressed into playing football with the children — me vi obligado a jugar al fútbol con los niños
•
to press sb to do sth — (=urge) insistir en que algn haga algo; (=pressurize) presionar a algn para que haga algopressedthe trade unions are pressing him to stand firm — los sindicatos le están presionando para que se mantenga firme
6) (=insist)she smiles coyly when pressed about her private life — cuando insisten en querer saber sobre su vida privada, sonríe con coquetería
7) (=force)•
to press sth on sb — insistir en que algn acepte algofood and cigarettes were pressed on him — le estuvieron ofreciendo insistentemente comida y cigarros
8)• to be pressed into service, we were all pressed into service — todos tuvimos que ponernos a trabajar
the town hall has been pressed into service as a school — se han visto obligados a usar el ayuntamiento como escuela
Kenny had been pressed into service to guard the door — habían convencido a Kenny para que vigilara la puerta
9) (=pursue) [+ claim] insistir en; [+ demand] exigir•
his officials have visited Washington to press their case for economic aid — sus representantes han ido a Washington para hacer presión a favor de la ayuda económica•
to press charges (against sb) — presentar cargos (contra algn)suit 1., 4)•
the champion failed to press home his advantage — el campeón no supo aprovechar su ventaja3. INTRANSITIVE VERB1) (=exert pressure) apretardoes it hurt when I press here? — ¿le duele cuando le aprieto aquí?
•
I felt something hard press into my back — noté la presión de algo duro que se apretaba contra mi espalda•
the bone was pressing on a nerve — el hueso estaba pinzando un nervio2) (=move, push)•
he pressed against her — se apretó contra ella•
the crowd pressed round him — la muchedumbre se apiñó en torno a él•
he pressed through the crowd — se abrió paso entre la muchedumbre•
the audience pressed towards the exit — el público se apresuró hacia la salida3) (=urge, agitate)•
to press for sth — exigir algo, insistir en algohe will press for the death penalty in this case — en este caso va a insistir en or exigir la pena de muerte
a protest march in the capital to press for new elections — una marcha de protesta en la capital para exigir otras elecciones
police may now press for changes in the law — puede que ahora la policía presione para que cambien las leyes
to press for sb to resign — exigir la dimisión de algn, insistir en que algn dimita
•
time is pressing — el tiempo apremia4) (=weigh heavily)•
to press on sb — pesar sobre algn4.COMPOUNDSpress agency N — agencia f de prensa
press agent N — encargado(-a) m / f de prensa
press attaché N — agregado(-a) m / f de prensa
press baron N — magnate m de la prensa
press briefing N — rueda f de prensa, conferencia f de prensa
press card N — pase m de periodista, carnet m de prensa
press clipping N — = press cutting
press conference N — rueda f de prensa, conferencia f de prensa
to call a press conference — convocar una rueda or una conferencia de prensa
to hold a press conference — celebrar una rueda or una conferencia de prensa
press corps N — prensa f acreditada
press coverage N — cobertura f periodística
press cutting N — recorte m (de periódico)
press gallery N — tribuna f de prensa
press gang N — (Hist) leva f
press launch N — lanzamiento m de prensa
press office N — oficina f de prensa
press officer N — agente mf de prensa
press pack N — (=information pack) dosier m de prensa; pej (=group of reporters) grupo m de reporteros; (=sensationalist press) prensa f amarilla
press pass N — pase m de prensa
press photographer N — fotógrafo(-a) m / f de prensa
press release N — comunicado m de prensa
to issue or put out a press release — publicar un comunicado de prensa
press report N — nota f de prensa, reportaje m de prensa
press room N — sala f de prensa
press run N — (US) tirada f
press secretary N — secretario(-a) m / f de prensa
press stud N — (Brit) automático m, broche m de presión
press view N — preestreno m (para prensa)
- press on* * *[pres]
I
1) ua) (newspapers, journalists) prensa fthe freedom of the press — la libertad de prensa; (before n) <box, gallery> de (la) prensa
press agency — (BrE) agencia f de prensa
press agent — encargado, -da m,f de prensa
press clipping o (BrE) cutting — recorte m de prensa
press office — oficina f de prensa
press photographer — reportero gráfico, reportera gráfica m,f
press release — comunicado m de prensa
press run — (AmE) tirada f
b) ( treatment by newspapers)to get a good/bad press — tener* buena/mala prensa, tener* buena/mala acogida por parte de la prensa
2) ca) ( printing press) prensa f, imprenta fb) ( publishing house) editorial f3) c (for pressing - grapes, flowers, machine parts) prensa f; (- trousers) prensa f plancha-pantalones
II
1.
1) ( push) \<\<button/doorbell\>\> apretar*, pulsar; \<\<pedal/footbrake\>\> pisar2)a) ( squeeze) apretar*b) ( in press) \<\<grapes/olives/flowers\>\> prensarc) \<\<disk/album\>\> imprimir*d) \<\<clothes\>\> planchar3)a) ( put pressure on)when pressed, she admitted it — cuando la presionaron, lo admitió
to press somebody FOR something/to + INF: I pressed him for an answer insistí en que or exigí que me diera una respuesta; they pressed him to change his policy — ejercieron presión sobre él para que cambiara de política
b) ( pursue)to press charges against somebody — presentar or formular cargos en contra de alguien
2.
vi1)a) ( exert pressure)press firmly — presione or apriete con fuerza
to press (down) ON something — apretar* algo, hacer* presión sobre algo
b) (crowd, push) \<\<people\>\> apretujarse, apiñarse2) (urge, pressurize) presionarto press FOR something: they've been pressing for an inquiry han estado presionando para que se haga una investigación; time presses o is pressing — el tiempo apremia
•Phrasal Verbs:- press on -
44 günstig
I Adj. favo(u)rable ( für to); (positiv) auch positive; Moment: opportune; (viel versprechend) promising; (gut) good; Einfluss: beneficial; jemanden günstig stimmen put s.o. in ( oder get s.o. into) the right mood; wäre das nicht günstiger? wouldn’t that be better ( oder more convenient)?; einen günstigen Augenblick abwarten wait for the right moment; zu günstigen Bedingungen WIRTS. on easy terms; im günstigsten Fall at best; günstige Gelegenheit favo(u)rable opportunity, opportune moment; (Schnäppchen) bargain; sich im günstigsten Licht zeigen show o.s. off to one’s best advantage; bei günstigem Verlauf if things go well; bei günstigem Wetter weather permittingII Adv. favo(u)rably; positively; günstig abschneiden come off well ( bei in); dort kann man günstig einkaufen they’re quite cheap; sich günstig entwickeln für jemanden work out well for s.o.; günstig gesinnt well-disposed (+ Dat towards); das trifft sich günstig that’s a piece of luck* * *favorable; convenient; propitious; favourable; auspicious; opportune* * *gụ̈ns|tig ['gʏnstɪç]1. adjfavourable (Brit), favorable (US); (zeitlich, bei Reisen etc) convenient; Angebot, Preis etc reasonable, goodim günstigsten Licht (lit, fig) — in the most favo(u)rable light
mit Geschäften und Erholungsmöglichkeiten in günstiger Lage — convenient for shops and recreational facilities
2. advkaufen, verkaufen for a good price; einkaufen, beziehen at a good pricejdm etw günstiger geben — to give sb sth at a discount or for less
jdm/einer Sache günstig gesinnt sein (geh) — to be favourably (Brit) or favorably (US) disposed toward(s) sb/sth
es trifft sich günstig, dass... — it's very lucky that...
günstig bei etw abschneiden — to do well in sth, to come out of sth very well
die Stadt liegt günstig ( für) — the town is well situated (for)
wie komme ich am günstigsten nach...? — what's the best or easiest way to get to...?
"Fernseher günstig abzugeben" — " television for sale: bargain price"
* * *1) (giving hope of success: You haven't made a very auspicious start to your new job.) auspicious2) (showing approval: Was her reaction favourable or unfavourable?) favourable3) (helpful or advantageous: a favourable wind.) favourable4) favourably5) (suitable; not causing trouble or difficulty: When would it be convenient for me to come?) convenient* * *güns·tig[ˈgʏnstɪç]I. adj1. (zeitlich gut gelegen) convenientMittwoch ist nicht so \günstig Wednesday is not so convenient\günstige Gewinnchancen good chances for profit\günstige Tendenzen in der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung favourable trends in economic growth3. (preisgünstig) reasonable, good value for moneyII. adv1. (preisgünstig) reasonablyes trifft sich \günstig, dass it's a stroke of luck that* * *1.1) (vorteilhaft) favourable; propitious < sign>; auspicious < moment>; beneficial < influence>; good, reasonable < price>bei günstigem Wetter — if the weather is favourable; weather permitting
2) (wohlwollend) well-disposed; favourably disposed2.1) (vorteilhaft) favourablyetwas günstig beeinflussen — have or exert a beneficial influence on something
etwas günstig kaufen/verkaufen — buy/sell something at a good price
jemanden/etwas günstig aufnehmen — receive somebody/something well or favourably
* * *A. adj favo(u)rable (für to); (positiv) auch positive; Moment: opportune; (vielversprechend) promising; (gut) good; Einfluss: beneficial;jemanden günstig stimmen put sb in ( oder get sb into) the right mood;einen günstigen Augenblick abwarten wait for the right moment;zu günstigen Bedingungen WIRTSCH on easy terms;im günstigsten Fall at best;günstige Gelegenheit favo(u)rable opportunity, opportune moment; (Schnäppchen) bargain;sich im günstigsten Licht zeigen show o.s. off to one’s best advantage;bei günstigem Verlauf if things go well;bei günstigem Wetter weather permittingB. adv favo(u)rably; positively;günstig abschneiden come off well (bei in);dort kann man günstig einkaufen they’re quite cheap;sich günstig entwickeln für jemanden work out well for sb;günstig gesinnt well-disposed (+dat towards);das trifft sich günstig that’s a piece of luck…günstig im adj low-;verbrauchsgünstig Auto: economical* * *1.1) (vorteilhaft) favourable; propitious < sign>; auspicious < moment>; beneficial < influence>; good, reasonable < price>bei günstigem Wetter — if the weather is favourable; weather permitting
2) (wohlwollend) well-disposed; favourably disposed2.1) (vorteilhaft) favourablyetwas günstig beeinflussen — have or exert a beneficial influence on something
etwas günstig kaufen/verkaufen — buy/sell something at a good price
jemanden/etwas günstig aufnehmen — receive somebody/something well or favourably
* * *(für) adj.favorable (to)(US) adj.favourable (to)(UK) adj. adj.advantageous adj.auspicious adj.convenient adj.favorable (US) adj.favourable (UK) adj.opportune adj.propitious adj. adv.auspiciously adv.opportunely adv.propitiously adv. -
45 Kostenträger
Kostenträger m RW unit of output, product (trägt die Istkosten, die Normalkosten oder die Plankosten)* * *Kostenträger
unit of cost, cost[ing] unit;
• Kostenträgerrechnung cost unit accounting;
• Kostentransparenz transparency of costs;
• Kostentreiber cost driver;
• Kostenüberhang excess of expenditure over revenue;
• Kostenüberhöhung excessive costs;
• Kostenübernahme assumption (absorption) of costs, cost absorption;
• Kostenüberprüfer comptroller;
• Kostenüberschlag approximate estimate;
• roher Kostenüberschlag rough estimate;
• Kostenüberschreitung cost overrun;
• Kostenübersicht cost survey;
• Kostenüberwachung cost control;
• Kostenüberwachungsprogramm cost control program(me);
• Kostenumlage, Kostenumlegung apportionment (distribution, levy) of cost (expenses), [cost] allocation, cost distribution (assignment);
• Kostenumlage unter den Vereinsmitgliedern vornehmen to assess members of a society for expenses;
• Kostenunterdeckung cost deficit;
• Kostenunterlagen cost data;
• Kostenunterschied cost difference;
• Kostenuntersuchung cost studies;
• Kostenveränderungen cost changes;
• Kostenverantwortung cost consciousness;
• Kostenvergleich comparison of costs, cost comparison;
• Kostenvergleich zwischen Straße und Schiene comparison of road and rail costs;
• Kostenvergleichsmiete economic rent;
• Kostenvergütung reimbursement (refund) of expenses;
• Kostenverlauf cost trend, pattern of expenditure;
• Kostenverrechnung allocation of cost;
• Kostenverringerung reduction (diminution) of expenses, cost reduction, retrenchment, cut;
• ständige Kostenverringerung cost taper;
• Kostenverteilung cost (expense) distribution, distribution of costs (expenses), allocation [of costs], cost allocation, allocation of expense, (Versicherung) expense loading;
• steuerbedingte Kostenverteilung cost recovery for tax purposes;
• Kostenverteilungsschema lapsing schedule;
• Kostenverteuerung cost overrun;
• Kostenverzehr consumption of costs;
• Kostenverzeichnis bill of costs, statement of charges;
• Kostenvoranschlag, Kostenvorschau estimate of costs, cost prediction (estimate), bid, pre-estimate, preliminary estimate, estimated charges, budget;
• Kostenvoranschlag für einen Garagenanbau specification for building a garage;
• Kostenvoranschlag machen to draw up an estimate;
• Kostenvorauszahlung expense prepayment;
• Kostenvorkalkulation cost estimate;
• Kostenvorschuss [charges paid in] advance, advanced expense, advance on costs, payment on account of cost, (für den Anwalt) retainer, retaining fee, dives costs (sl.), (Bahn) advanced charge, (Gericht) security for costs;
• Kostenvorschuss in Rechnung stellen (Anwalt) to charge a retainer;
• Kostenvorteil cost advantage (benefit), wind to profit;
• Kostenvorteile bei der Verwendung von Kohle coal’s cost advantage;
• Kostenvorteil methodisch untersuchen to use a cost-benefit approach;
• Kostenwert cost value;
• Kostenwertberichtigung cost absorption;
• Kostenwettbewerb cost competition. -
46 Überlegenheit
Überlegenheit, qualitative
qualitative advantage;
• technologische Überlegenheit technological advantage (expertise);
• wirtschaftliche Überlegenheit economic superiority;
• Überlegenheit des Fachmannes professional superiority. -
47 qualitative
Überlegenheit, qualitative
qualitative advantage;
• technologische Überlegenheit technological advantage (expertise);
• wirtschaftliche Überlegenheit economic superiority;
• Überlegenheit des Fachmannes professional superiority. -
48 sich
abkühlen, sich
(Konjunktur) to cool off.
abmelden, sich
to notify one’s departure.
absprechen, sich
to come to an arrangement, to agree;
• sich mit seinen Mitarbeitern absprechen to consult with one’s fellow workers;
• Schadenersatz absprechen to disallow damages.
abwechseln, sich
to take turns, to alternate;
• jährlich abwechseln (Vorsitz) to rotate every year;
• in Schichten abwechseln to rotate shifts.
aneignen, sich
to acquire, to appropriate, to adopt;
• sich Geld aneignen to embezzle funds, to misappropriate (convert) money;
• sich einen Namen aneignen to adopt a name.
auspendeln, sich
(Zinssätze) to stabilize at a certain level.
auswirken, sich
to bear upon, to take effect;
• sich auf das Betriebsergebnis auswirken to come through into the results;
• sich kostenmäßig auswirken to make a showing on costs;
• sich in einer Preiserhöhung auswirken to result in a price increase;
• sich schnell auswirken (Investitionen) to pick up quickly;
• sich ungünstig auswirken to have an unfavo(u)rable effect;
• sich voll auswirken to be in full swing;
• sich als Vorteil auswirken to turn out to be an advantage.
behaupten, sich
to stand one’s ground, (Kurse) to hold their ground, to keep its head, to keep (remain) steady, to remain firm;
• sich gut behaupten (Wechselkurs) to hold fairly steady;
• weiterhin hohe Kurse behaupten to continue to rule high;
• seine Rechte behaupten to safeguard one’s rights;
• sich am Schluss behaupten oder leicht abschwächen (Börse) to close steady to slightly lower;
• sich in seiner Stellung behaupten to hold one’s position;
• seine Stellung im technologischen Wettbewerb behaupten to keep up in the technology race.
behauptend, sich
(Preis) steady.
behelfen, sich
to make shift, to manage, to resort to expedients;
• sich ohne Sekretärin behelfen to do without the services of a secretary.
belaufen, sich
to come (mount up, run) to, to reach, to rise, to run into, to make;
• sich auf 10.000 Euro belaufen to foot up (figure out) to euro 10,000 debts;
• sich auf das Doppelte des Voranschlags belaufen to come to double the estimate;
• insgesamt belaufen to aggregate, to total;
• sich ungefähr belaufen to come near to.
bereichern, sich
to line one’s pockets, to make one’s pile;
• sich an Kinderarbeit bereichern to exploit child labo(u)r;
• sich öffentlich bereichern to enrich o. s. from public office.
beruhigen, sich
(Börse) to settle down, (politische Lage) to become stable, to ease;
• Gläubiger mit einer Ratenzahlung beruhigen to put off a dun with an instal(l)ment.
bewegen, sich
(Preise) to range (vary) from... to...;
• sich abwärts bewegen to be on the downgrade (skids, US);
• sich fast einheitlich um die 20% bewegen to cluster around the 20 per cent mark;
• sich entsprechend der Preisindexziffern bewegen to move in sympathy with the index figures of prices.
bewerben, sich
to apply for, to stand as a candidate for (Br.), to run, to [run as a] candidate, to seek, to go up (Br.), (um Lieferungen) to make a bid for, to tender, (um einen Preis) to compete for;
• sich um ein Amt bewerben to run (stand) for an office (US);
• sich um einen Auftrag bewerben to make a tender;
• sich persönlich bewerben to make a personal application;
• sich um eine Stelle (Stellung) bewerben to apply (run) for a position, to put in for a post (job, fam.), to compete for a job.
bewähren, sich
(Artikel) to stand the strain (test);
• sich nicht bewähren to prove a failure.
drehen, sich
(Börse) to turn;
• sich um ein Thema drehen to run on a subject.
durchschlagen, sich
to shift for a living;
• kostenmäßig durchschlagen to make a showing on cost;
• auf die Ladenverkaufspreise durchschlagen to work through to prices in the shops;
• direkt auf die Preise durchschlagen to feed straight through into the prices.
eignen, sich
to qualify, to be suitable (qualified);
• sich als Kapitalanlage eignen to be suitable for investment.
einbürgern, sich
to become established;
• teilweise einbürgern to denizen;
• wieder einbürgern to repatriate.
einigen, sich
to agree, to come to terms, to settle an issue (Br.);
• sich über die Bedingungen einigen to agree upon the terms;
• sich mit seinen Gläubigern einigen to compound with one’s creditors;
• sich auf die Gründung einer Gesellschaft einigen to agree to form a company;
• sich gütlich einigen to settle a matter amicably, to come to an amicable arrangement;
• sich auf einen bestimmten Preis einigen to agree on a certain price;
• sich vergleichsweise einigen to reach a settlement.
einmischen, sich
to intervene, to interfere, to meddle, to barge in (fam.);
• sich in die Angelegenheiten eines Nachbarlandes einmischen to intervene in the affairs of a neighbo(u)ring country;
• sich unaufgefordert (ungefragt) einmischen to meddle.
einpendeln, sich
(Kurse) to even out, to settle down.
einschiffen, sich
to embark, to get (go) aboard, to join one’s ship, to go on board, to [take] ship.
einwählen, sich
(Computer) to plug into.
emporarbeiten, sich
to work one’s way up, to win one’s way from poverty.
entschließen, sich
to determine, to decide, to make up one’s mind, to resolve;
• sich zu einem Kauf entschließen to decide on buying.
ereignen, sich
to occur, to happen, to take place.
erholen, sich
to recreate, to convalesce, to recuperate, to pick up, (Industrie) to be reviving, (Kurse) to look (pick, prick) up, to recover, to revive, to rally, to rise, to improve, (Markt) to improve, (sich schadlos halten) to make up for one’s losses, to repay (reimburse, recoup) o. s.;
• sich bei jem. erholen to draw (reimburse o. s.) upon s. o.;
• sich von einem geschäftlichen Fehlschlag erholen to recover from a business setback;
• sich beim Giranten erholen to have recourse to the endorser of a note;
• sich von den Nachwirkungen des Krieges erholen to recover from the effects of the war;
• sich bei den Schlusskursen erholen to be improving at the close;
• sich schnell erholen (Kurse) to brisk up;
• sich wieder erholen (Kurse) to be picking up again, to experience a recovery;
• sich finanziell wieder erholen to recover financially (one’s strength), to recuperate;
• sich für eine Zahlung erholen to cover o. s.
etablieren, sich
to establish o. s., to set up shop for o. s., to start a business.
festigen, sich
to consolidate, (Börse, Kurse, Preise) to [become] firm, to steady, to stiffen, to strengthen, to harden, to stabilize;
• Dollarkurs festigen to strengthen the dollar price;
• seine Stellung festigen to strengthen one’s position, to solidify one’s place;
• Währung festigen to stabilize the currency;
• sich erneut im Vergleich mit anderen harten Währungen festigen to strengthen again against other major currencies;
• Wechselkurse festigen to stabilize exchange rates.
freizeichnen, sich
to contract out, to exempt o. s. from a liability.
gesundschrumpfen, sich
to shrink to profitable size;
• sich gesundstoßen to make a packet (fam.).
heraufarbeiten, sich
to work one’s way (o. s.) up (o. s. into a good position).
herauskristallisieren, sich
to crystallize, to take shape;
• sich herausmachen (Firma) to make good progress;
• sein Kapital herausnehmen to withdraw one’s capital;
• Gehälter aus dem Preisindexsystem herausnehmen to disindex salaries from the price index;
• Geld aus jem. herauspressen to squeeze money out of s. o.;
• weitere Steuern aus dem Volk herauspressen to screw more taxes out of the people;
• Gewinne aus einem fallenden und überbesetzten Markt herausprügeln müssen to be forced to slug it out in a slumping and overcrowded market;
• Geld herausrücken to cough up (US sl.), to fork out (sl.);
• Zahlungen herausschieben to postpone payment;
• herausschinden to eke out;
• Geld aus jem. herausschinden to extract money from s. o.;
• zusätzliche Urlaubswoche herausschinden to wangle an extra week’s holiday;
• Geld aus einer Sache herausschlagen to get one’s money’s worth;
• allerlei Vorteile herausschlagen to gain all kinds of advantages;
• Unfähige herausschmeißen to weed out the incompetents;
• heraussetzen (Mieter) to evict, to eject, to turn out.
herausstellen, sich
to turn out, to prove;
• besonders herausstellen (Presse) to feature (US coll.), to highlight (US);
• sich als Fälschung herausstellen to prove to be a forgery;
• groß herausstellen to give a build-up;
• sich als sehr hoch herausstellen (Kosten) to come rather high;
• sich als missglückt herausstellen (Anlage) to turn sour;
• sich als Vorteil herausstellen to turn out to be an advantage.
hinschleppen, sich
to drag on.
konkretisieren, sich
(Forderung) to crystallize.
konstituieren, sich
(parl.) to assemble;
• Ausschuss konstituieren to appoint a committee;
• sich als eingetragene Gesellschaft konstituieren to form themselves into a registered corporation.
kreuzen, sich
to intersect, (Interessen) to clash, to run counter, (Straße) to cross.
kristallisieren, sich
to crystallize.
kräftigen, sich
(Kurs) to improve, to recover, (Markt) to strengthen;
• Dollarkurs kräftigen to strengthen the dollar price.
lebensversichern, sich
to assure one’s life with a company (Br.);
• sich für 20.000 L lebensversichern to insure (assure, Br.) o. s. for L 20,000;
• sich gegenseitig lebensversichern to insure one’s own life for the benefit of the other;
• seine Schlüsselkräfte lebensversichern to take out life policies on one’s key man.
liieren, sich
(Gesellschafter) to unite, to join, to associate, to become a partner.
massieren, sich
(Aufträge) to pile up.
niederlassen, sich
to set up for o. s., to take up one’s abode (domicile, residence), to locate, (Wohnsitz) to settle down;
• sich als Anwalt niederlassen to settle down in the practice of law;
• sich als Arzt niederlassen to put up (hang out) one’s shingle;
• sich als Buchhändler niederlassen to establish o. s. (set up business) as a bookseller;
• sich für dauernd niederlassen to settle down for good;
• sich geschäftlich niederlassen to establish o. s. as a businessman, to set up for o. s., to set up shop, to set o. s. up in business;
• sich im Hauptgeschäftsviertel niederlassen to fix one’s residence in the city;
• sich widerrechtlich niederlassen to abate.
rentieren, sich
to pay [its way (for costs)], to pay well, to bring a return, (Betrieb) to be profitable, (Ware) to leave a margin;
• sich gut rentieren to yield good profits;
• sich nicht rentieren not to be worthwhile;
• sich noch rentieren to break even;
• sich gerade noch rentieren to wash its face (Br. sl.);
• sich in zehn Jahren rentieren to pay its way in ten years.
stabilisieren, sich
to become stable;
• Preise stabilisieren to stabilize (peg) prices.
treffen, sich
to meet, to gather, to assemble;
• Abkommen treffen to come to an agreement (terms);
• Anordnungen treffen to prescribe;
• Auslese treffen to cull;
• Buchung treffen to pass (effect) an entry;
• Freigabeverfügungen für die Wirtschaftshilfe treffen to loosen its grip on the economic-aid purse strings;
• auf Öl treffen to strike oil;
• Steuerzahler heftig treffen to clobber the taxpayers;
• Übereinkommen treffen to compact;
• Übereinkunft treffen to come to an arrangement;
• Verabredung treffen to make (fix) an appointment;
• Verbraucher unmittelbar treffen to fall directly onto the consumer;
• vorläufige Vereinbarung treffen to make a provisional arrangement;
• Vorbereitungen (Vorkehrungen) treffen to make preparations;
• Vorsichtsmaßregeln treffen to take precautionary measures.
unterordnen, sich
to subordinate o. s.
verausgaben, sich
to spend beyond one’s means, to run short of money.
verbürgen, sich
to [a]vouch, to undertake, to warrant, to guarantee, to stand surety, to bail;
• sich für einen Bericht verbürgen to warrant a report;
• sich für jds. Ehrlichkeit und Zuverlässigkeit verbürgen to warrant s. o. an honest and reliable person;
• sich für eine Schuld verbürgen to answer for a debt;
• sich für jds. Zahlungsfähigkeit verbürgen to vouch for s. one's ability to pay.
verkalkulieren, sich
to miscalculate, to overshoot.
vermehren, sich
to multiply;
• sein Vermögen vermehren to enlarge one’s fortune;
• Zahlungsmittelumlauf vermehren to expand the currency.
verschulden, sich
to run into debt, to take on debts, to involve o. s. (get into) debt, to outrun the constable (Br.), to run up a score (Br.);
• sich kurzfristig erheblich verschulden to borrow heavily on a short-term basis;
• sich erneut verschulden to run into debt again;
• sich total verschulden (Staat) to plunge into debt;
• sich ungewöhnlich verschulden to go into debt at a record chip (US).
verschätzen, sich
to be out in one’s calculation[s] (estimate).
verspekulieren, sich
to lose money by bad investment.
verspäten, sich
(Schiff, Zug) to be overdue (behind schedule, US).
versteifen, sich
(Markt) to tighten [up].
verzweigen, sich
to branch out.
zurückhalten, sich
to keep a low profile, (Börse) to stay on the sidelines, (Verbraucher) to hold back, to resist;
• Aktien in Erwartung von Kurssteigerungen zurückhalten to hold stocks for a rise;
• Informationsmaterial zurückhalten to hold back information;
• Mittel zurückhalten to bottle up funds;
• sich mit der Verwirklichung geplanter Kapazitätsausweitungen zurückhalten to hold back on bringing in planned new capacity;
• restliche Ware zurückhalten to hold over the rest of the goods;
• Waren unberechtigt zurückhalten to wrongfully detain goods.
zurückmelden, sich
to report one’s return;
• sich vom Urlaub zurückmelden to report back from leave (one’s return).
zusammenschließen, sich
to amalgamate, to merge, to combine, to consolidate (US), (pol.) to unite, to fuse;
• Arbeiter in einer Gewerkschaft zusammenschließen to unite workers in a trade union;
• Firmen (Gesellschaften) zusammenschließen to consolidate business companies;
• sich zu einem Kartell zusammenschließen to join a cartel;
• sich in einem großen Unternehmen zusammenschließen to merge into one large organization;
• sich zu einem Verein zusammenschließen to club.
ändern, sich
to vary;
• Eintragung ändern to rectify (alter) an entry;
• nachträglich ändern (Wechsel) to alter materially;
• zweckentsprechend ändern to adapt.
überschneiden, sich
to overlap, to intersect, (Ereignisse) to clash;
• sich mit einem anderen Termin überschneiden to clash with another date. -
49 consiguiente
adj.resulting.con la consiguiente decepción with the resulting disappointmentpor consiguiente consequently, therefore* * *► adjetivo1 consequent, resulting, resultant\por consiguiente therefore, consequently* * *ADJ1) (=resultante) consequent, resulting2)por consiguiente — consequently, therefore
* * *adjetivo resulting (before n), consequent (before n) (frml)* * *= consequential, consequent.Ex. If the librarian seeks the advantage gained from the direct alphabetical approach, he must also accept the consequential alphabetical scattering.Ex. The NCC argue that the three other rights established over the last three centuries -- civil, political and social -- are 'liable to be hollow shams' without the consequent right to information.----* daño consiguiente = consequential damage.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* * *adjetivo resulting (before n), consequent (before n) (frml)* * *= consequential, consequent.Ex: If the librarian seeks the advantage gained from the direct alphabetical approach, he must also accept the consequential alphabetical scattering.
Ex: The NCC argue that the three other rights established over the last three centuries -- civil, political and social -- are 'liable to be hollow shams' without the consequent right to information.* daño consiguiente = consequential damage.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* * *la emigración hacia la ciudad y el consiguiente crecimiento de las barriadas marginales migration to the city and the consequent o resulting growth of slum areaspor consiguiente consequently, as a result, therefore* * *
consiguiente adjetivo
resulting ( before n), consequent ( before n) (frml);
consiguiente adjetivo resulting, consequent: han anunciado que no irían, con el consiguiente disgusto de sus padres, they announced that they wouldn't go, which in turn upset their parents
♦ Locuciones: por consiguiente, therefore, consequently
' consiguiente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
consecuencia
English:
accordingly
- consequent
- consequently
- ensuing
- eventual
- hence
- result
- resultant
- there
- thus
* * *consiguiente adjresulting;con la consiguiente decepción with the resulting disappointment;el boom económico y la consiguiente inflación the economic boom and the resulting inflation;por consiguiente consequently, therefore* * *adj consequent;por consiguiente and so, therefore* * *consiguiente adj1) : resulting, consequent2)por consiguiente : consequently, as a result* * *consiguiente adj -
50 golpear
v.1 to hit.María golpea la puerta Mary hits the door.2 to beat on.3 to kick back, to kick, to knock back, to recoil.El rifle golpea al disparar The rifle kicks back=recoils when it shoots.4 to strike, to hit.Una tempestad golpeó nuestro pueblo hoy A storm struck our town today.* * ** * *verb1) to beat, hit2) knock3) strike* * *1. VT1) (=dar un golpe a) to hit; (=dar golpes a) [+ persona, alfombra] to beat; [para llamar la atención] [+ mesa, puerta, pared] to bang onla golpearon en la cabeza con una pistola — [una vez] they hit her on the head with a gun; [varias veces] they beat her about the head with a gun
2) [desastre natural] to hit, strike2.VI to beat3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <objeto/superficie>no golpees la puerta al salir — don't slam o bang the door as you go out
2)a) ( chocar) to hitb) ( maltratar) to beat, hitc) ( sacudir)la vida la ha golpeado duramente — life has treated her harshly o (liter) has dealt her some harsh blows
2.una nueva tragedia golpea al país — a fresh tragedy has hit o struck the country
golpear via) (dar, pegar)b) (AmS) ( llamar a la puerta) to knockc) ( en fútbol americano) to scrimmage3.golpearse v prona) (refl) ( accidentalmente) <cabeza/codo> to bang, hitb) (AmL) puerta to bang* * *= beat, hit, strike, bang, club, bash, knock, punch, thrash, smite, belt.Ex. Flexible moulds made of laminated paper called 'flong' were first used in Lyons in 1829 and were blotting and tissue paper pasted together, and the mould was formed by beating damp flong on the face of the type.Ex. When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.Ex. The ribbon must be disengaged so that the metal typefaces strike the wax sheet directly.Ex. On several occasions he was witness to the sights and sounds of Balzac's emotionalism, including tantrum-pitched screaming, banging fists on desks, and slamming doors.Ex. At the time of his arrest he was beaten, kicked and clubbed in the head with the butt of a pistol, resulting in health problems which are not being properly treated in prison = En el momento de su arresto le habían golpeado, dado patadas y golpeado en la cabeza con la culata de una pistola, causándole problemas de salud que están siendo tratados adecuadadamente en la cárcel.Ex. Newspapers took advantage of the accident to attack or ' bash' the nuclear industry or nuclear power in general.Ex. He said this was when the crocodile snuck up from behind and knocked her with its front paws.Ex. In that time, she relates, she had been mugged at gunpoint, punched in the face, and harassed.Ex. Later footage shows the killer whales with the pups in their mouths, thrashing them about.Ex. Instead, this may come off as a sort of mixed signal considering that God has chosen to smite California right after a proposition was passed banning same sex marriage.Ex. They chased him and one belted him over the head with the bar, forcing him to the ground.----* golpear a Alguien hasta dejarlo inconsciente = beat + Nombre + unconscious.* golpear con fuerza = smite.* golpear con una porra = club.* golpear con un martillo = hammer.* golpear con violencia = smite.* golpear duramente = pummel, smite.* golpear fuerte = wallop, whack.* golpear ligeramente = tap, pat.* golpear ligeramente la punta de los dedos en sucesión sobre una superficie = tap + fingers.* golpear rozando = clip.* golpearse el pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.* golpear violentamente = bash.* intentar golpear Algo = take + a swing at.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <objeto/superficie>no golpees la puerta al salir — don't slam o bang the door as you go out
2)a) ( chocar) to hitb) ( maltratar) to beat, hitc) ( sacudir)la vida la ha golpeado duramente — life has treated her harshly o (liter) has dealt her some harsh blows
2.una nueva tragedia golpea al país — a fresh tragedy has hit o struck the country
golpear via) (dar, pegar)b) (AmS) ( llamar a la puerta) to knockc) ( en fútbol americano) to scrimmage3.golpearse v prona) (refl) ( accidentalmente) <cabeza/codo> to bang, hitb) (AmL) puerta to bang* * *= beat, hit, strike, bang, club, bash, knock, punch, thrash, smite, belt.Ex: Flexible moulds made of laminated paper called 'flong' were first used in Lyons in 1829 and were blotting and tissue paper pasted together, and the mould was formed by beating damp flong on the face of the type.
Ex: When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.Ex: The ribbon must be disengaged so that the metal typefaces strike the wax sheet directly.Ex: On several occasions he was witness to the sights and sounds of Balzac's emotionalism, including tantrum-pitched screaming, banging fists on desks, and slamming doors.Ex: At the time of his arrest he was beaten, kicked and clubbed in the head with the butt of a pistol, resulting in health problems which are not being properly treated in prison = En el momento de su arresto le habían golpeado, dado patadas y golpeado en la cabeza con la culata de una pistola, causándole problemas de salud que están siendo tratados adecuadadamente en la cárcel.Ex: Newspapers took advantage of the accident to attack or ' bash' the nuclear industry or nuclear power in general.Ex: He said this was when the crocodile snuck up from behind and knocked her with its front paws.Ex: In that time, she relates, she had been mugged at gunpoint, punched in the face, and harassed.Ex: Later footage shows the killer whales with the pups in their mouths, thrashing them about.Ex: Instead, this may come off as a sort of mixed signal considering that God has chosen to smite California right after a proposition was passed banning same sex marriage.Ex: They chased him and one belted him over the head with the bar, forcing him to the ground.* golpear a Alguien hasta dejarlo inconsciente = beat + Nombre + unconscious.* golpear con fuerza = smite.* golpear con una porra = club.* golpear con un martillo = hammer.* golpear con violencia = smite.* golpear duramente = pummel, smite.* golpear fuerte = wallop, whack.* golpear ligeramente = tap, pat.* golpear ligeramente la punta de los dedos en sucesión sobre una superficie = tap + fingers.* golpear rozando = clip.* golpearse el pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.* golpear violentamente = bash.* intentar golpear Algo = take + a swing at.* * *golpear [A1 ]vtA ‹superficie/objeto›no golpees la máquina don't bang the machinegolpeó la puerta con tal fuerza que casi la tira abajo he banged (on) the door so hard that he almost knocked it downno golpees la puerta al salir don't slam the door as you go outgolpear el filete con la maza beat o pound the steak with a tenderizerla lluvia golpeaba los cristales the rain beat against the window panesgolpeó el atril con la batuta he tapped his baton on the music stand, he tapped the music stand with his batonlos macillos golpean las cuerdas the hammers strike the stringsB ‹persona›1 (chocar) to hitalgo me golpeó en la cara something hit me in the face2 (pegarle a) to beat, hitlo golpearon brutalmente he was brutally beaten3(sacudir): una nueva tragedia golpea al país a fresh tragedy has hit o struck the countryla vida la ha golpeado duramente life has treated her harshly o ( liter) has dealt her some harsh blows■ golpearvi1 (dar, pegar) golpear CONTRA algo to beat AGAINST sthel granizo golpeaba contra la ventana the hail beat against the window pane2 ( AmS) (llamar a la puerta) to knockalguien golpeó (a la puerta) someone knocked on o at the doorestán golpeando there's someone (knocking) at the door3 (en fútbol americano) to scrimmage1 ( refl) (accidentalmente) ‹cabeza/codo› to bang, hit2 ( AmL) «puerta» to bang* * *
golpear ( conjugate golpear) verbo transitivo
1 ‹objeto/superficie› to bang;
( repetidamente) to beat;◊ no golpees la puerta al salir don't slam o bang the door as you go out;
la lluvia golpeaba los cristales the rain beat against the window panes;
golpeó la mesa con el puño he banged his fist on the table
2 ( pegar) to hit;
su marido la golpea her husband hits her
verbo intransitivoa) (dar, pegar) golpear contra algo to beat against sth
golpearse verbo pronominal
golpear verbo transitivo
1 (accidentalmente) to hit
2 (con intención de herir) to beat, hit
(con el puño) to punch
3 (una puerta, una ventana, etc) to bang: la ventana no dejaba de golpear, the window kept banging
' golpear' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ablandar
- maltratar
- swing
- vapulear
- dar
- fuerte
- impactar
- macanear
- pegar
- rebote
- repiquetear
- sacudir
- valer
English:
bang
- bash
- bash in
- batter
- beat
- bonk
- bop
- bump
- crack
- do over
- flick
- hard
- hit
- jar
- knock
- lash out
- pistol-whip
- play
- pummel
- rap
- slam
- slog
- smash
- strike
- stub
- thump
- whack
- hammer
- putt
- thrash
* * *♦ vt1. [impactar] to hit;[puerta] to bang;las olas golpeaban el rompeolas the waves beat against the breakwater;no golpees la impresora stop hitting o banging the printer2. [pegar] to hit;[con puño] to punch;lo golpearon hasta dejarlo inconsciente they beat him unconscious3. [afectar, sacudir]la crisis económica ha golpeado a toda la zona the economic crisis has hit o affected the whole region;la vida lo ha golpeado duramente life has dealt him some harsh blows♦ vi2. Andes, RP [llamar] to knock at the door;están golpeando someone's knocking at the door* * ** * *golpear vt1) : to beat (up), to hit2) : to slam, to bang, to strikegolpear vi1) : to knock (at a door)2) : to beatla lluvia golpeaba contra el tejado: the rain beat against the roof* * *golpear vb2. (puerta, ventana) to bang -
51 Gerschenkron, Alexander
перс.эк. Гершенкрон, Александр (1904-1978; американо-австрийский экономист российского происхождения; родился в Одессе, эмигрировал после русской революции в Вену; закончил Венский университет, работал в Австрийском институте исследований деловых циклов; после гитлеровского захвата Австрии переехал в США, где работал в Калифорнийском университете Беркли и в Гарвардском университете; в статье "The Soviet Indices of Industrial Production" (1947) и в книге "A Dollar Index of Soviet Machinery Output, 1927-28 to 1937" (1951) открыл так называемый "эффект Гершенкрона": выбор базового года при вычислении индекса объема выпуска промышленности в относительно неиндустриализованной стране в значительной степени определяет темп роста, показываемый этим индексом; показал, что показатели советского промышленного производства в 1930-х гг. измерялись советскими органами таким образом, чтобы получить наивысший темп роста; в 1956 г. переключился с советской экономики на поиски причин экономического роста в Европе 19 в.; в 1968 г. опубликовал книгу "Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective", в которой предложил так называемую гипотезу о «преимуществе отсталости»)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Gerschenkron, Alexander
-
52 resource-based view
сокр. RBV упр. ресурсная теория [концепция\] (концепция стратегического управления, согласно которой следует выявлять и развивать уникальные ресурсы или способности фирмы, позволяющие достичь конкурентного преимущества; в предыдущих школах стратегического управления неявно предполагалось, что все ресурсы являются однородными и все дело только в их комбинациях; в ресурсной концепции предполагается, что все ресурсы разные и необходимо анализировать ресурсы компании с точки зрения их возможностей приносить экономическую ренту; задача стратегического управления — сохранять и привлекать в компанию ресурсы, которые могут приносить экономическую ренту, определять наиболее выгодную сферу их использования и добиваться высокой рентабельности)Syn:See: -
53 Handelsverzerrung
Handelsverzerrung f WIWI trade distortion* * *f <Vw> trade distortion* * *Handelsverzerrung
trade distortion;
• Handelsvolk mercantile (trading) nation;
• Handelsvolumen trading (trade) volume, volume of trade;
• Handelsvorrat stock-in-trade;
• Handelsvorrechte preferences, economic priorities;
• Handelsvorschriften business regulations;
• Handelsvorteil commercial (trading) advantage, preference;
• Handelswährung trading currency;
• Handelsware article of merchandise, [commercial] wares, merchant’s goods;
• Handelswechsel commercial paper (US) (note, draft, bill of exchange, Br.), mercantile (trade) paper, trade bill (acceptance), bill drawn on goods sold, private bill;
• erstklassiger Handelswechsel fine bill (Br.) (trade paper);
• Handelsweg channel of commerce, commercial (trade) channel;
• Handelswelt trading community, business world;
• Handelswert commercial (market, trading, trade, economic, trade-in) value, (einer Ware) commercial (merchantable) quality;
• gemeiner Handelswert common market value;
• Handelswesen trade matters;
• Handelswissenschaft commercial science;
• Handelswörterbuch business dictionary;
• Handelszeichen trademark, brand, description;
• Handelszeitschrift trade magazine (journal);
• Handelszensus census of distribution;
• Handelszentrum center (US) (centre, Br., hub) of commerce, trading (commercial) center (US) (centre, Br.), staple, entrepôt, [trade] mart, emporium;
• Handelszerstörer commerce destroyer;
• Handelsziffern trade data;
• Handelszone trading (trade) area, business zone;
• gegenseitige Handelszugeständnisse mutual trading concessions;
• Handelszweig branch of industry, line of business. -
54 point
point
1. noun1) (the sharp end of anything: the point of a pin; a sword point; at gunpoint (= threatened by a gun).) punta2) (a piece of land that projects into the sea etc: The ship came round Lizard Point.) punta, cabo3) (a small round dot or mark (.): a decimal point; five point three six (= 5.36); In punctuation, a point is another name for a full stop.) punto4) (an exact place or spot: When we reached this point of the journey we stopped to rest.) punto5) (an exact moment: Her husband walked in at that point.) momento preciso6) (a place on a scale especially of temperature: the boiling-point of water.) punto7) (a division on a compass eg north, south-west etc.) punto (cardinal)8) (a mark in scoring a competition, game, test etc: He has won by five points to two.) punto9) (a particular matter for consideration or action: The first point we must decide is, where to meet; That's a good point; You've missed the point; That's the whole point; We're wandering away from the point.) punto, cuestión10) ((a) purpose or advantage: There's no point (in) asking me - I don't know.) sentido11) (a personal characteristic or quality: We all have our good points and our bad ones.) cualidad12) (an electrical socket in a wall etc into which a plug can be put: Is there only one electrical point in this room?) toma
2. verb1) (to aim in a particular direction: He pointed the gun at her.) apuntar2) (to call attention to something especially by stretching the index finger in its direction: He pointed (his finger) at the door; He pointed to a sign.) señalar, apuntar3) (to fill worn places in (a stone or brick wall etc) with mortar.) rejuntar•- pointed- pointer
- pointless
- pointlessly
- points
- be on the point of
- come to the point
- make a point of
- make one's point
- point out
- point one's toes
point1 n1. punta2. punto3. momentoat the point when I left, they were winning 3 1 en el momento en que me fui, ganaban 3 a 14. comafour point five (4.5) cuatro coma cinco (4,5)En el sistema inglés, los millares se separan con una coma y los decimales con un punto, así que tres mil ochocientas treinta y cinco se escribiría 3,835 y treinta y ocho coma veinticinco se escribiría 38.255. sentidothere's no point in waiting, he's not coming no tiene sentido esperar, no vienepoint2 vb señalar / indicartr[pɔɪnt]1 (sharp end - of knife, nail, pencil) punta2 (place) punto, lugar nombre masculino■ meeting point punto de encuentro, punto de reunión3 (moment) momento, instante nombre masculino, punto■ at that point en aquel momento, entonces4 (state, degree) punto, extremo5 (on scale, graph, compass) punto; (on thermometer) grado■ what's the boiling point of water? ¿cuál es el punto de ebullición del agua?6 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (score, mark) punto, tanto7 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL entero8 (item, matter, idea, detail) punto■ I see your point ya veo lo que quieres decir, entiendo lo que quieres decir■ point taken! ¡de acuerdo!9 (central idea, meaning) idea, significado10 (purpose, use) sentido, propósito■ what's the point? ¿para qué?■ what's the point of... ¿qué sentido tiene...■ there's no point in... no vale la pena...11 (quality, ability) cualidad nombre femenino12 SMALLGEOGRAPHY/SMALL punta, cabo13 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL (in geometry) punto (de intersección)14 (on compass) punto (cardinal)15 (in decimals) coma1 (show) señalar2 figurative use (indicate) indicar1 (with weapon) apuntar2 (direct) señalar, indicar3 (wall, house) ajuntar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat the point of a gun a punta de pistolain point of fact de hecho, en realidadnot to put too finer point on it hablando en platato be beside the point no venir al casoto be on the point of doing something estar a punto de hacer algoto be to the point ser relevante y conciso,-ato come to the point ir al granoto dance on points bailar de puntasto get to the point ir al granoto make a point of doing something proponerse hacer algo, poner empeño en hacer algoto reach the point of no return no poder echarse atrásup to a point hasta cierto puntopoint of order moción nombre femenino de ordenpoint of view punto de vistaweak point punto débilpoint ['pɔɪnt] vt1) sharpen: afilar (la punta de)2) indicate: señalar, indicarto point the way: señalar el camino3) aim: apuntar4)to point out : señalar, indicarpoint vi1)to point at : señalar (con el dedo)2)to point to indicate: señalar, indicarpoint n1) item: punto mthe main points: los puntos principales2) quality: cualidad fher good points: sus buenas cualidadesit's not his strong point: no es su (punto) fuerteit's beside the point: no viene al casoto get to the point: ir al granoto stick to the point: no salirse del tema4) purpose: fin m, propósito mthere's no point to it: no vale la pena, no sirve para nada5) place: punto m, lugar mpoints of interest: puntos interesantes6) : punto m (en una escala)boiling point: punto de ebullición7) moment: momento m, coyuntura fat this point: en este momento8) tip: punta f9) headland: punta f, cabo m10) period: punto m (marca de puntuación)11) unit: punto mhe scored 15 points: ganó 15 puntosshares fell 10 points: las acciones bajaron 10 enteroscompass points : puntos mpl cardinalesdecimal point : punto m decimal, coma fn.• cabo s.m.• entero s.m.• extremo s.m.• finalidad s.f.• pico s.m.• propósito s.m.• punta s.f.• puntilla s.f.• punto s.m.• púa s.f.• tanto s.m.v.• afilar v.• apuntar v.• asestar v.• clavetear v.• encarar v.• señalar v.pɔɪnt
I
1) noun2) ca) ( dot) punto mb) ( decimal point) ≈coma f, punto m decimal (AmL) ( the point is used instead of the comma in some Latin American countries)1.5 — (léase: one point five) 1,5 (read as: uno coma cinco) 1.5 (read as: uno punto cinco) (AmL)
3) ca) ( in space) punto mpoint of departure — punto m de partida
customs point — aduana f
things have reached such a point that... — las cosas han llegado a tal punto or a tal extremo que...
the point of no return: we've reached the point of no return — ahora ya no nos podemos echar atrás
b) ( on scale) punto mfreezing/boiling point — punto de congelación/ebullición
you're right, up to a point — hasta cierto punto tienes razón
she is reserved to the point of coldness — es tan reservada, que llega a ser fría
4) c ( in time) momento mat this point — en ese/este momento or instante
he was at the point of death — (frml) estaba agonizando
to be on the point of -ing — estar* a punto de + inf
5) c (in contest, exam) punto mto win on points — ( in boxing) ganar por puntos
to make points with somebody — (AmE) hacer* méritos con alguien; match point, set I 4)
6) ca) (item, matter) punto mpoint of honor — cuestión f de honor or pundonor
point of order — moción f de orden
to bring up o raise a point — plantear una cuestión
to make a point of -ing: I'll make a point of watching them closely me encargaré de vigilarlos de cerca; to stretch a point — hacer* una excepción
b) ( argument)yes, that's a point — sí, ese es un punto interesante
to make a point: that was a very interesting point you made lo que señalaste or planteaste or dijiste es muy interesante; she made the point that... observó que...; all right, you've made your point! sí, bueno, ya has dicho lo que querías decir; ( conceding) sí, bueno, tienes razón; I take your point, but... te entiendo, pero...; point taken de acuerdo; to prove one's/a point — demostrar* que uno tiene razón or está en lo cierto
7) (no pl) (central issue, meaning)to come/get to the point — ir* al grano
to keep o stick to the point — no irse* por las ramas, no salirse* del tema
and, more to the point... — y lo que es más...
that's beside the point — eso no tiene nada que ver or no viene al caso
the point is that... — el hecho es que...
to miss the point — no entender* de qué se trata
8) u ( purpose)what's the point of going on? — ¿qué sentido tiene seguir?, ¿para qué vamos a seguir?
the whole point of my trip was to see you — justamente iba a viajar (or he viajado etc) nada más que para verte, el único propósito de mi viaje era verte a ti
9) c (feature, quality)10) ca) (sharp end, tip) punta fb) ( promontory) ( Geog) punta f, cabo m12) c ( socket) (BrE)(electrical o power) point — toma f de corriente, tomacorriente m (AmL)
II
1.
transitive verb (aim, direct) señalar, indicar*can you point us in the right direction? — ¿nos puede indicar por dónde se va?, ¿nos puede señalar el camino?
to point something AT somebody/something: he pointed his finger at me me señaló con el dedo; she pointed the gun at him le apuntó con la pistola; point the aerosol away from you — apunta para otro lado con el aerosol
2.
via) (with finger, stick etc) señalarto point AT/TO something/somebody — señalar algo/a alguien
b) ( call attention)the report points to deficiencies in health care — el informe señala deficiencias en la asistencia sanitaria
c) (indicate, suggest)to point TO something — \<\<facts/symptoms\>\> indicar* algo
it all points to suicide — todo indica or hace pensar que se trata de un suicidio
the trends point to an early economic recovery — los indicios apuntan a una pronta reactivación de la economía
Phrasal Verbs:[pɔɪnt]1. N1) (Geom) (=dot) punto m ; (=decimal point) punto m decimal, coma ftwo point six (2.6) — dos coma seis (2,6)
2) (on scale, thermometer) punto mboiling/freezing point — punto de ebullición/congelación
4) [of needle, pencil, knife etc] punta f ; [of pen] puntilla f•
at the point of a sword — a punta de espada•
with a sharp point — puntiagudo5) (=place) punto m, lugar mthis was the low/high point of his career — este fue el momento más bajo/el momento cumbre de su carrera
•
at all points — por todas partes, en todos los sitiosthe train stops at Carlisle and all points south — el tren para en Carlisle y todas las estaciones al sur
•
when it comes to the point — en el momento de la verdadwhen it came to the point of paying... — cuando llegó la hora de pagar..., a la hora de pagar...
•
there was no point of contact between them — no existía ningún nexo de unión entre ellos•
from that point on... — de allí en adelante...•
to reach the point of no return — (lit, fig) llegar al punto sin retorno•
to be on the point of doing sth — estar a punto de hacer algo•
abrupt to the point of rudeness — tan brusco que resulta grosero•
at the point where the road forks — donde se bifurca el camino6) (=counting unit) (in Sport, test) punto m•
to win on points — ganar por puntos•
to give sth/sb points out of ten — dar a algo/algn un número de puntos sobre diez•
to score ten points — marcar diez puntos7) (=most important thing)the point is that... — el caso es que...
that's the whole point, that's just the point! — ¡eso es!, ¡ahí está!
the point of the joke/story — la gracia del chiste/cuento
•
to be beside the point — no venir al casoit is beside the point that... — no importa que + subjun
•
do you get the point? — ¿entiendes por dónde voy or lo que quiero decir?•
to miss the point — no comprender•
that's not the point — esto no viene al caso, no es eso•
to get off the point — salirse del tema•
his remarks were to the point — sus observaciones venían al casoto come or get to the point — ir al grano
to keep or stick to the point — no salirse del tema
to speak to the point — (=relevantly) hablar acertadamente, hablar con tino
8) (=purpose, use) [of action, visit] finalidad f, propósito m•
it gave point to the argument — hizo ver la importancia del argumento•
there's little point in telling him — no merece la pena or no tiene mucho sentido decírselo•
there's no point in staying — no tiene sentido quedarsea long story that seemed to have no point at all — una larga historia que no parecía venir al caso en absoluto
•
to see the point of sth — encontrar or ver sentido a algo, entender el porqué de algoI don't see the point of or in doing that — no veo qué sentido tiene hacer eso
•
what's the point? — ¿para qué?, ¿a cuento de qué?what's the point of or in trying? — ¿de qué sirve intentar?
9) (=detail, argument) punto mthe points to remember are... — los puntos a retener son los siguientes...
to carry or gain or win one's point — salirse con la suya
five-point plan — proyecto m de cinco puntos
•
to argue point by point — razonar punto por punto•
in point of fact — en realidad, el caso es que•
I think she has a point — creo que tiene un poco de razónyou've got or you have a point there! — ¡tienes razón!, ¡es cierto! (LAm)
•
the point at issue — el asunto, el tema en cuestión•
to make one's point — convenceryou've made your point — nos etc has convencido
to make the point that... — hacer ver or comprender que...
to make a point of doing sth, make it a point to do sth — poner empeño en hacer algo
•
on this point — sobre este punto•
to stretch a point — hacer una excepción•
I take your point — acepto lo que dicespoint taken! — ¡de acuerdo!
10)to see or understand sb's point of view — comprender el punto de vista de algn
11) (=matter) cuestión f12) (=characteristic) cualidad fwhat points should I look for? — ¿qué puntos debo buscar?
•
he has his points — tiene algunas cualidades buenas•
tact isn't one of his strong points — la discreción no es uno de sus (puntos) fuertes15) (Geog) punta f, promontorio m, cabo m16) (Typ) (=punctuation mark) punto m9 point black — (Typ) negritas fpl del cuerpo 9
17) (Ballet) (usu pl) punta f•
to dance on points — bailar sobre las puntas2. VT1) (=aim, direct) apuntar (at a)•
to point a gun at sb — apuntar a algn con un fusilto point one's finger at sth/sb — señalar con el dedo algo/a algn
•
he pointed the car towards London — puso el coche rumbo a Londres- point the finger at sb2) (=indicate, show) señalar, indicar•
would you point me in the direction of the town hall? — ¿me quiere decir dónde está el ayuntamiento?•
to point the moral that... — subrayar la moraleja de que...•
to point the way — (lit, fig) señalar el camino3) (Constr) [+ wall] rejuntar4) [+ text] puntuar; [+ Hebrew etc] puntar3. VI1) (lit) señalar•
the car isn't pointing in the right direction — el coche no va en la dirección correcta•
the hands pointed to midnight — las agujas marcaban las 12 de la noche2) (fig) (=indicate) indicar•
this points to the fact that... — esto indica que...3)• to point to sth — (=call attention to) señalar algo
4) [dog] mostrar la caza, parar4.CPDpoint duty N — (Brit) (Police) control m de la circulación
to be on point duty — dirigir la circulación or el tráfico
point man N — (=spokesman) portavoz m
point of reference N — punto m de referencia
point of sale N — punto m de venta
points decision N — (Boxing) decisión f a los puntos
points failure N — (Brit) (Rail) fallo m en el sistema de agujas
points system N — (gen) sistema m de puntos; (Aut) sistema de penalización por las infracciones cometidas por un conductor que puede llevar a determinadas sanciones (p. ej. la retirada del permiso de conducir)
point-of-salepoints victory, points win N — victoria f a los puntos
- point up* * *[pɔɪnt]
I
1) noun2) ca) ( dot) punto mb) ( decimal point) ≈coma f, punto m decimal (AmL) ( the point is used instead of the comma in some Latin American countries)1.5 — (léase: one point five) 1,5 (read as: uno coma cinco) 1.5 (read as: uno punto cinco) (AmL)
3) ca) ( in space) punto mpoint of departure — punto m de partida
customs point — aduana f
things have reached such a point that... — las cosas han llegado a tal punto or a tal extremo que...
the point of no return: we've reached the point of no return — ahora ya no nos podemos echar atrás
b) ( on scale) punto mfreezing/boiling point — punto de congelación/ebullición
you're right, up to a point — hasta cierto punto tienes razón
she is reserved to the point of coldness — es tan reservada, que llega a ser fría
4) c ( in time) momento mat this point — en ese/este momento or instante
he was at the point of death — (frml) estaba agonizando
to be on the point of -ing — estar* a punto de + inf
5) c (in contest, exam) punto mto win on points — ( in boxing) ganar por puntos
to make points with somebody — (AmE) hacer* méritos con alguien; match point, set I 4)
6) ca) (item, matter) punto mpoint of honor — cuestión f de honor or pundonor
point of order — moción f de orden
to bring up o raise a point — plantear una cuestión
to make a point of -ing: I'll make a point of watching them closely me encargaré de vigilarlos de cerca; to stretch a point — hacer* una excepción
b) ( argument)yes, that's a point — sí, ese es un punto interesante
to make a point: that was a very interesting point you made lo que señalaste or planteaste or dijiste es muy interesante; she made the point that... observó que...; all right, you've made your point! sí, bueno, ya has dicho lo que querías decir; ( conceding) sí, bueno, tienes razón; I take your point, but... te entiendo, pero...; point taken de acuerdo; to prove one's/a point — demostrar* que uno tiene razón or está en lo cierto
7) (no pl) (central issue, meaning)to come/get to the point — ir* al grano
to keep o stick to the point — no irse* por las ramas, no salirse* del tema
and, more to the point... — y lo que es más...
that's beside the point — eso no tiene nada que ver or no viene al caso
the point is that... — el hecho es que...
to miss the point — no entender* de qué se trata
8) u ( purpose)what's the point of going on? — ¿qué sentido tiene seguir?, ¿para qué vamos a seguir?
the whole point of my trip was to see you — justamente iba a viajar (or he viajado etc) nada más que para verte, el único propósito de mi viaje era verte a ti
9) c (feature, quality)10) ca) (sharp end, tip) punta fb) ( promontory) ( Geog) punta f, cabo m12) c ( socket) (BrE)(electrical o power) point — toma f de corriente, tomacorriente m (AmL)
II
1.
transitive verb (aim, direct) señalar, indicar*can you point us in the right direction? — ¿nos puede indicar por dónde se va?, ¿nos puede señalar el camino?
to point something AT somebody/something: he pointed his finger at me me señaló con el dedo; she pointed the gun at him le apuntó con la pistola; point the aerosol away from you — apunta para otro lado con el aerosol
2.
via) (with finger, stick etc) señalarto point AT/TO something/somebody — señalar algo/a alguien
b) ( call attention)the report points to deficiencies in health care — el informe señala deficiencias en la asistencia sanitaria
c) (indicate, suggest)to point TO something — \<\<facts/symptoms\>\> indicar* algo
it all points to suicide — todo indica or hace pensar que se trata de un suicidio
the trends point to an early economic recovery — los indicios apuntan a una pronta reactivación de la economía
Phrasal Verbs: -
55 confusión
f.1 confusion, mix-up, disorder, confusedness.2 perplexity, bafflement, confusion, confusedness.3 commotion, riot, clutter, hassle.4 scene of confusion, shambles.* * *1 (desorden) confusion, chaos2 (equivocación) mistake, confusion3 (turbación) confusion, embarrassment* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=equivocación) confusionha habido una confusión en los nombres — there was a mix-up with the names, there was some confusion with the names
esta carta no es para mí, debe de tratarse de una confusión — this letter is not for me, there must be some mistake
•
por confusión — by mistake2) (=desconcierto) confusionel terremoto produjo una gran confusión en las calles — the earthquake caused great confusion in the streets
la recuerdo con bastante confusión — I have a hazy o vague memory of her
3) (=turbación)sentí tal confusión que no pude ni dar las gracias — I was so overwhelmed that I couldn't even say thank you
* * *a) (desorden, caos) confusionb) ( perplejidad) confusionc) ( turbación) embarrassmentd) ( equivocación) confusion* * *= confounding, confusion, mix-up [mixup], dislocation, welter, muddle, perplex, turbulence, turmoil, jumble, blurring, clouding, daze, messiness, obfuscation, turbulent waters, puzzle, miasma, snarl, snarl-up, brouhaha, perplexity.Ex. Experience of IT in USA is associated not infrequently with the confounding of confident expectations.Ex. In particular, when one command means one thing in one system and something else in another system this is likely to lead to confusion.Ex. You'll have to call him and tell him there's been a mix-up and that he'll be called as soon as there's another opening.Ex. SDC's ORBIT software is a variation on the ELHILL software used with MEDLINE, so users of that data base can move across to SDC with a minimum of dislocation.Ex. Without language we would go bumping around in the dark and eventually take leave of our senses under the welter of the incomprehensible, withdrawing, as some people do, into a closed world in order to protect ourselves against the unbearable onslaught.Ex. The author attempts to sort out the muddle in which librarians have found themselves = El autor intenta aclarar la confusión en la que se encuentran los bibliotecarios.Ex. The article 'The print perplex' asserts that librarians must deal with a future of mixed print and digital material, since most books will never be in digital form.Ex. The title of the article is 'Survival skills for information professionals in the decade of turbulence'.Ex. China has suffered from over a decade of turmoil which has prevented the development of modern information services.Ex. Compared to this fairly ordered monographic literature, the multiple contents of a collection of periodicals seemed like a terrible jumble.Ex. A major problem for the technician is one of recognition in situations where there is a clouding of identification with clerical staff.Ex. The article 'The daze of future business research' examines changing trends in online business information searching with the rush to the Internet.Ex. Management theorists seem unable to cope with the unpredictability, the multivariate nature and the ' messiness' of human organizations in cultural contexts.Ex. The results has been an ever greater obfuscation of what constitutes the profession of librarianship.Ex. His experience and expertise has guided IFLA members smoothly across what could easily have been turbulent waters = Sus conocimientos y experiencia en la formulación de los Estatutos ha guiado a los miembros de la IFLA sin problemas a través de lo que podrían haber sido fácilmente aguas turbulentas.Ex. We talk heatedly about books that lie beyond our present concerns because these allow us to speculate and often present us with puzzles we want to explore.Ex. The past is often shrouded in a miasma of uncertain memories confounded by missing or incomplete records.Ex. His work is such a snarl of so many different things that it is as endlessly demanding as it is rewarding.Ex. However, taxi is a more advisable option considering the never-ending Bangkok traffic snarl-up, especially during the rush hour.Ex. He believes that most political brouhahas are cooked up to divert the public's attention from the real terrorism.Ex. The combination of perplexity over what is the right mix and apparent inability to represent information activity dynamically is very strong.----* aclarar una confusión = unravel + snarl.* aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.* causar confusión = wreak + confusion, cause + confusion.* confusión económica = economic turmoil.* confusión histórica = historical confusion.* de un modo que causa confusión = confusingly.* estado de confusión = state of confusion.* llevar a confusión = lead to + confusion.* que induce a confusión = confounding.* * *a) (desorden, caos) confusionb) ( perplejidad) confusionc) ( turbación) embarrassmentd) ( equivocación) confusion* * *= confounding, confusion, mix-up [mixup], dislocation, welter, muddle, perplex, turbulence, turmoil, jumble, blurring, clouding, daze, messiness, obfuscation, turbulent waters, puzzle, miasma, snarl, snarl-up, brouhaha, perplexity.Ex: Experience of IT in USA is associated not infrequently with the confounding of confident expectations.
Ex: In particular, when one command means one thing in one system and something else in another system this is likely to lead to confusion.Ex: You'll have to call him and tell him there's been a mix-up and that he'll be called as soon as there's another opening.Ex: SDC's ORBIT software is a variation on the ELHILL software used with MEDLINE, so users of that data base can move across to SDC with a minimum of dislocation.Ex: Without language we would go bumping around in the dark and eventually take leave of our senses under the welter of the incomprehensible, withdrawing, as some people do, into a closed world in order to protect ourselves against the unbearable onslaught.Ex: The author attempts to sort out the muddle in which librarians have found themselves = El autor intenta aclarar la confusión en la que se encuentran los bibliotecarios.Ex: The article 'The print perplex' asserts that librarians must deal with a future of mixed print and digital material, since most books will never be in digital form.Ex: The title of the article is 'Survival skills for information professionals in the decade of turbulence'.Ex: China has suffered from over a decade of turmoil which has prevented the development of modern information services.Ex: Compared to this fairly ordered monographic literature, the multiple contents of a collection of periodicals seemed like a terrible jumble.Ex: A major problem for the technician is one of recognition in situations where there is a clouding of identification with clerical staff.Ex: The article 'The daze of future business research' examines changing trends in online business information searching with the rush to the Internet.Ex: Management theorists seem unable to cope with the unpredictability, the multivariate nature and the ' messiness' of human organizations in cultural contexts.Ex: The results has been an ever greater obfuscation of what constitutes the profession of librarianship.Ex: His experience and expertise has guided IFLA members smoothly across what could easily have been turbulent waters = Sus conocimientos y experiencia en la formulación de los Estatutos ha guiado a los miembros de la IFLA sin problemas a través de lo que podrían haber sido fácilmente aguas turbulentas.Ex: We talk heatedly about books that lie beyond our present concerns because these allow us to speculate and often present us with puzzles we want to explore.Ex: The past is often shrouded in a miasma of uncertain memories confounded by missing or incomplete records.Ex: His work is such a snarl of so many different things that it is as endlessly demanding as it is rewarding.Ex: However, taxi is a more advisable option considering the never-ending Bangkok traffic snarl-up, especially during the rush hour.Ex: He believes that most political brouhahas are cooked up to divert the public's attention from the real terrorism.Ex: The combination of perplexity over what is the right mix and apparent inability to represent information activity dynamically is very strong.* aclarar una confusión = unravel + snarl.* aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.* causar confusión = wreak + confusion, cause + confusion.* confusión económica = economic turmoil.* confusión histórica = historical confusion.* de un modo que causa confusión = confusingly.* estado de confusión = state of confusion.* llevar a confusión = lead to + confusion.* que induce a confusión = confounding.* * *1 (perplejidad) confusionpara mayor confusión se llaman igual to add to the confusion o to confuse things even more o to make things even more confusing, they have the same name2 (desorden, caos) confusion3 (turbación) embarrassmentsu inesperada declaración de amor la llenó de confusión his unexpected declaration of love filled her with embarrassment o confusion o threw her into confusiontanta amabilidad me produjo una gran confusión I was embarrassed o overwhelmed by so much kindness4 (equivocación) confusionlamentamos la confusión que hubo con la factura we regret the confusion over the invoicesus comentarios se prestan a confusión his comments are open to misinterpretationpara que no haya más confusiones to avoid any further confusion o any more mix-ups* * *
confusión sustantivo femenino
confusión sustantivo femenino
1 (desorden) confusion
2 (error) mistake
' confusión' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aturdimiento
- barullo
- belén
- desbarajuste
- desconcierto
- desorientación
- embrollo
- folclore
- follón
- obnubilar
- ofuscación
- para
- prestarse
- torre
- turbación
- aquél
- armar
- bochinche
- convulsionar
- desorden
- ése
- éste
- grado
- jaleo
- lío
- mareo
- medio
- sólo
- turbar
English:
brainstorm
- confusion
- disarray
- foul up
- haziness
- mess
- misunderstanding
- mix-up
- quagmire
- rush
- scramble
- shambles
- start
- turmoil
- welter
- add
- disorder
- havoc
- mix
- straighten
* * *confusión nf1. [desorden, lío] confusion;la confusión aumentó con la llegada del cantante the singer's arrival added to the confusion;los ladrones actuaron aprovechando la confusión the thieves took advantage of the confusion;hubo una gran confusión there was great confusion;en su habitación reina la confusión her room is in chaos;existe cierta confusión acerca de lo que realmente quiso decir there is some confusion as to what he really meant3. [error] mix-up;ha habido una confusión there has been a bit of a mix-up;esa frase puede llevar a confusión that phrase could lead to confusion o be misinterpreted* * *f confusion* * ** * *1. (falta de claridad) confusion2. (equivocación) mistake -
56 law
[lɔː]nзакон, право, правилоIt's against the law. — Это запрещено законом.
The law was given out in — 1917. Этот закон был издан в 1917 году.
Respect for the law is the foundation of civilized society living. — Уважение к закону - основа цивилизованного общества.
The machinary of the law was set in motion. — В движение пришел механизм законопорядка.
Many of the laws passed by Parliament are never enforced. — Многие законы, принятые Парламентом, никогда не вступают в силу.
A degree in law would be an advantage in the job market. — Ученая степень по юридическим наукам будет преимуществом при получении работы.
Necessity knows no law. — ◊ Нужда свой закон пишет. /Для нужды нет закона.
One law for the rich and another for the poor. — ◊ Закон, что дышло, куда повернул, туда и вышло. /У сильного всегда бессильный виноват.
Possession is nine points of the law. — ◊ Бедному с богатым судиться, лучше в ложке утопиться. /Богатый всегда прав.
- economic law- wise law
- nature's laws
- old law
- active law
- just law
- fundamental law
- rigorous laws
- mortal law
- criminal law
- civil law
- public law
- common law
- customary law
- administrative law
- municipal law
- regional international law
- Mendeleev's laws
- Grimm's laws
- natural law
- economic laws
- divorce law
- conscription law
- scientific laws
- social laws
- human laws
- moral laws
- marriage laws
- irreversible laws
- Lynch law
- occupation laws
- immigration laws
- war-time laws
- copyright law
- traffic laws
- speed laws
- unwritten laws
- standing laws
- binding laws
- law and order
- law court
- law school
- law department
- law digest
- law firm
- my in-laws
- law of the country
- supreme law of the country
- law against truancy
- law of criminal procedure
- law of treaties
- law of gravity
- laws of harmony
- law of self-preservation
- law of probability
- laws of hospitality
- laws of honour
- laws of the jungle
- laws of football
- protected by law
- regulated by law
- rules set by the law
- rules provided in the law
- process governed by certain laws
- question of law
- doctor of law
- career in law
- letter of the law
- spirit of the law
- force of law
- violation of the law
- according to the law
- before the law - under Japanese laws
- in conformity with the law
- according to the laws of the country
- under existing laws
- in accordancewith the letter and spirit of the law
- abide by law
- act according to the law
- adopt a law
- amend the laws
- argue for the new law
- avoid the law
- be equal before law
- be punishable by law
- be at law with smb
- be above the law
- be against the law
- become law
- break the law
- circumvent the law
- comply with the law
- disregard law
- ignore law
- denounes law
- enact laws
- give smb to the law
- go to law
- go in for the law
- have in trouble with the law
- have the law on smb
- keep within the law
- know the law
- maintain law and order
- make severe laws
- obey the law
- observe the law
- practise law
- put the city under martial law
- read for the law
- repeal a law
- resist the law
- square the law with practice
- stretch the law
- study law
- study the laws of thermodynamics
- take the law into one's own hands
- law forbids smb to do smth
- law requires...
- law is punctually kept
- law was put into force- Billbecome law- everyone is equal under the law
- comstitution is the supreme law of the countryUSAGE:Обозначение родства, приобретенного в результате женитьбы, оформляется в английском языке образованием сложного слова с неизменным компонентом - in-law, который присоединяется к любому простому термину родства: son-in-law зять; daught-in-law невестка; father-in-law тесть/свекор; mother-in-law теща/свекровь; brother-in-law днвнрь/зять/шурин; sister-in-law невкстка/золовка/своячеица -
57 Trade
Owing to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, England ( Great Britain after 1707) was, until the 1920s, Portugal's main trading partner. The Methuen Treaty (1703) stipulated that Portuguese wines and English woolens would be exempt from custom duties. The imperial nationalist economic ideas of the Estado Novo directed Portuguese trade toward its Africa colonies of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. The historical importance of the British export market to Portuguese trade necessitated Portugal becoming a charter member of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) in 1959.When Britain joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973, Portugal had to follow, with a trade agreement with the European Union (EU). Negotiations between Portugal and the EU produced an accord that stipulated mutual tariff reductions, until their disappearance in mid-1977 on industrial products, while EU member states were allowed to restrict some Portuguese textiles and paper and cork products. Tariffs were also reduced for Portuguese tinned tomatoes and fish, as well as for port wine. Since gaining full membership in the EU in 1986. Portugal's trade has shifted strongly toward continental EU member states. In the 1990s, EEC/EU member states purchased nearly 75 percent of Portugal's exports and supplied nearly 70 percent of its imports. Within the EEC/EU, Britain, Germany, France, and Spain are Portugal's a main trading partners. Portuguese trade with its former colonies fell sharply after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, as Portugal turned away from Africa and toward Europe.In 2007, Portugal's major commodity exports have been textiles, clothing, footwear, machinery, transportation equipment, paper and cork products, wine, tomato paste, chemicals, and plastic products. Portugal's comparative advantage lies in its low hourly costs for skilled labor, which are about 20 percent lower than other EU member states. Manufactured goods account for about 75 percent of merchandise imports; food and beverages about 10 percent; and raw materials (mainly petroleum) about 15 percent. -
58 Japanese management
Gen Mgt, HRa management style with particular emphasis on employees and manufacturing techniques, to which the Japanese economic miracle that began in the 1960s is attributed. Japanese management practices have been studied in the rest of the world in the hope that the economic success they brought to Japan can be recreated elsewhere. These practices emphasize forming collaborations, particularly in times of uncertainty, human resources, closer superior-subordinate relationships, and consensus as a means of facilitating implementation. Richard Pascale and Anthony Athos suggested that the Japanese competitive advantage stemmed from skills, staff, and superordinate goals, the softer features identified by the McKinsey 7-S framework. Other dominant characteristics include people-centered management, loyalty to employees, just-in-time, kaizen, continuous improvement, quality control, total quality management, and the ideas of W. Edwards Deming. William Ouchi expounded Theory J and Theory Z, which demonstrated the differences between U.S. and Japanese styles of management. With the downturn in the Japanese economy in the 1990s, management practices were reappraised, and there emerged a focus on radical change as opposed to incremental improvement. Customers were offered less variety, there was a shift toward simplicity, and an alternative to consensus-based decision making was adopted, with individuals making decisions based on high-tech information systems. -
59 factor
ˈfæktə сущ.
1) фактор, движущая сила contributing factor ≈ способствующий фактор critical, deciding, determining, essential, major factor ≈ определяющий фактор, главный фактор social and economic factors ≈ социальные и экономические факторы There are other important factors to be considered. ≈ Имеются и другие важные факторы, которые необходимо принять во внимание.
2) торговый агент( отличается от обычных агентов и брокеров тем, что получает право владения товарами и право продажи их вне зависимости от того, давал или нет истинный собственник разрешение на продажу) Syn: performer
3) редк. доверенное лицо, представитель
4) шотланд. управляющий имением Syn: bailiff, land-steward
5) мат. множитель common factor ≈ общий множитель 2 and 5 are factors of
10. ≈ 2 и 5 являются множителями
10. Its weight went up by a factor of eight. ≈ Его вес увеличился в восемь раз.
6) тех. коэффициент, фактор correction factor ≈ поправочный коэффициент factor of safety ≈ коэффициент безопасности;
запас прочности
7) биол. ген Syn: gene фактор, движущая сила - the main * in this process основной фактор этого процесса - water is an important * вода играет очень важную роль /является весьма существенным фактором/ фактор, составной элемент агент;
представитель комиссионер, посредник, фактор доверенное лицо, агент ( шотландское) управляющий( имением) (американизм) (юридическое) лицо, обязанное по приказу суда наложить арест на имеющееся у него имущество должника или суммы, причитающиеся должнику (историческое) фактор, мелкий чиновник( в Ост-Индской компании) (математика) множитель (специальное) коэффициент, фактор - * of safety коэффициент безопасности;
запас прочности - * of merit доброкачественность;
чувствительность( прибора) (биология) ген витамин;
гормон( математика) разлагать на множители - to * out выносить за скобки activity ~ коэффициент использования activity ~ вчт. элемент массива adjusting ~ корректирующий коэффициент advantage ~ благоприятный фактор aggravating ~ усугубляющий фактор aha ~ озарение arbitrary ~ случайный фактор association ~ коэффициент ассоциации attention ~ рекл. фактор привлечения внимания blockage ~ вчт. емкость блока blocking ~ вчт. коэффициент блокирования branching ~ вчт. коэффициент ветвления bunker adjustment ~ (BAF) плата за заправку судна топливом business ~ экономический фактор capitalization ~ коэффициент капитализации causal ~ причинный фактор certainty ~ вчт. коэффициент уверенности commercial ~ коммерческий фактор complexity ~ вчт. показатель сложности concurrent ~ сопутствующий фактор confidence ~ вчт. коэффициент достоверности connecting ~ коллизионная привязка constant ~ постоянный коэффициент constant ~ постоянный множитель conversion ~ коэффициент пересчета conversion ~ коэффициент преобразования conversion ~ переводной коэффициент cost ~ фактор стоимости dimensionless ~ безразмерный коэффициент dissipation ~ коэффициент рассеяния elimentation ~ вчт. коэффициент неполной выборки elimination ~ вчт. коэффициент неполноты поиска factor агент ~ доверенное лицо ~ комиссионер;
агент, посредник ~ комиссионер ~ компания, взыскивающая долги с покупателей по поручению торговой фирмы ~ тех. коэффициент, фактор;
correction factor поправочный коэффициент;
factor of safety коэффициент безопасности;
запас прочности ~ коэффициент ~ лицо, которому вручен приказ суда о наложении ареста на имеющееся у него имущество должника или суммы, причитающиеся должнику ~ мат. множитель ~ множитель ~ мат. множитель ~ момент, особенность ~ посредник ~ представитель ~ производственный ресурс ~ производственный фактор ~ разлагать на множители ~ сомножитель ~ шотл. управляющий (имением) ~ (шотл.) управляющий имением ~ фактор, движущая сила;
factor of time фактор времени ~ фактор, комиссионер ~ фактор ~ of power фактор силы ~ of production производственный фактор ~ of production фактор производства ~ тех. коэффициент, фактор;
correction factor поправочный коэффициент;
factor of safety коэффициент безопасности;
запас прочности ~ фактор, движущая сила;
factor of time фактор времени feedback ~ коэффициент обратной связи floating ~ переменный коэффициент foreign exchange ~ валютный фактор growth ~ фактор экономического роста growth promoting ~ фактор, стимулирующий рост human ~ субъективный фактор iteration ~ вчт. глубина итерации job ~ фактор работы job ~ характеристика работы limiting ~ ограничивающий фактор load ~ коэффициент загрузки load ~ коэффициент нагрузки loading ~ вчт. коэффициент загрузки market ~ рыночный фактор market ~ фактор сбыта mismatching ~ вчт. коэффициент рассогласования negligible ~ незначительный фактор off-duty ~ скважность operational ~ коэффициент использования operational ~s рабочие характеристики packing ~ вчт. плотность упаковки peak ~ коэффициент амплитуды pertinency ~ коэффициент релевантности probabilistic ~ вероятностный коэффициент random ~ случайный фактор random ~ фактор случайности reduction ~ коэффициент ослабления reduction ~ коэффициент уменьшения relocation ~ вчт. показатель перемещения risk ~ фактор риска safety ~ запас прочности safety ~ коэффициент безопасности safety ~ коэффициент надежности safety ~ отношение резервного запаса к максимальному уровню запасов scale ~ масштабный коэффициент scaling ~ масштабный коэффициент scarcity ~ фактор дефицита selling ~ торговый фактор smoothing ~ коэффициент сглаживания storage-utilization ~ вчт. коэффициент использования памяти time ~ временной коэффициент time ~ фактор времени trade ~ коммерческий фактор transport ~ вчт. коэффициент переноса uncertain ~ изменчивый фактор use ~ вчт. коэффициент использования utilization ~ коэффициент использования weighting ~ весовой коэффициент weighting ~ весовой множитель weigting ~ весовой коэффициент work ~ фактор трудозатрат work load ~ вчт. коэффициент рабочей загрузки workload ~ коэффициент рабочей нагрузки -
60 benefit
1. сущ.1) общ. выгода, прибыль, польза, благо; полезность; преимущество; привилегия, льготаATTRIBUTES:
nonmaterial benefits — нематериальные [духовные\] блага
distinct benefit — явная [ясная\] выгода
COMBS:
1to mutual benefit — с выгодой для обеих сторон, к взаимной выгоде
1for the benefit of smb., for smb.'s benefit — на благо кого-л., с выгодой для кого-л., в пользу кого-л.
1to get [to derive\] benefit from (smth.) — извлекать пользу [выгоду\] из (чего-л.)
to reap the benefit of smth. — пожинать плоды чего-л., извлекать выгоду из чего-л.
to be of benefit to (smth./smb.) — быть полезным [выгодным\] для (чего-л./кого-л.)
Organisations that exist primarily to provide a benefit to owners or members are not regarded as charitable. — Организации которые существует прежде всего для того, чтобы приносить выгоду своим владельцам или членам, не считаются благотворительными.
In the long term, a competitive market can provide benefits to customers. — В долгосрочном периоде конкурентный рынок может принести пользу [выгоды\] потребителям.
Syn:See:after-tax benefit, consumer benefit, customer benefit, external benefit, fringe benefits 2), health benefit 1), product benefit, public benefit 1), social benefit 1), tax benefit, benefit segment, benefit segmentation, cost-benefit analysis2)а) страх. пособие, выплата (сумма, выплачиваемая государством, страховым фондом или работодателем в качестве финансовой поддержки или компенсации лицам определенной категории, напр., пособие по безработице, по болезни и т. п.)ATTRIBUTES:
insurance benefit — страховая выплата, страховое пособие
COMBS:
to be on benefit — жить на пособие, получать пособие
to be entitled to [to be eligible for, to be qualify for\] a benefit — иметь право на пособие, иметь право на получение пособия
This insurance will provide a benefit to your beneficiary( ies) upon your death. — Это страхование предоставит пособие вашему бенефициару/бенефициарам после вашей смерти.
See:accelerated benefits, accident benefit, accident death benefit, accidental death benefit, additional benefit, annuity benefit, apprenticeship benefits, bed reservation benefit, benefit in cash, benefit in kind, bereavement benefit, burial benefit, cafeteria benefit, cafeteria-style benefit, Canada Child Tax Benefit, car benefit, car fuel benefit, carer's benefit, cash benefit, child benefit, child care benefit, child disability benefit, company car benefit, compassionate care benefit, contribution-based benefit, cost-of-living benefit, covered benefit, critical illness benefit, death benefit, death-in-service benefit, disability benefit, disablement benefit, dismemberment benefit, domestic purposes benefit, dread disease benefit, drug benefit, educational benefit, elective benefits, employee benefits, employment benefits, employment insurance benefit, fringe benefits 1), fuel benefit, funeral benefit, health benefit 2), health care benefit, hospice benefit, housing benefit, incapacity benefit, income-related benefit, income-tested benefit, independent youth benefit, industrial death benefit, injury benefit, in-kind benefit, in-network benefits, in-plan benefits, insurance benefit, invalidity benefit, invalids benefit, lifetime benefit, lifetime maximum benefit, living benefits, long-term care benefit, loss of income benefit, loss of time benefit, lump sum benefit, maternity benefit, maternity leave benefit, means-tested benefit, medical benefits, medical expense benefits, medical expenses benefits, Medicare benefits, national insurance benefit, network benefits, noncash benefit, non-contributory benefit, nonforfeiture benefit, non-means-tested benefit, non-network benefits, non-wage benefits, occupational death benefit, optional benefits, out-of-area benefits, out-of-network benefits, out-of-plan benefits, parental benefit, parental leave benefit, pension benefit, periodic benefit, pharmaceutical benefit, pharmacy benefit, post-retirement death benefit, pre-retirement death benefit, public assistance benefit, public benefit 2), rehabilitation benefit, repatriation benefit, retirement benefit, serious illness benefit, sick benefit, sick leave benefit, sickness benefit, social benefit 2), Social Security benefit, social service benefits, strike benefit, supplementary benefit, survivor benefit, survivor's benefit, survivors' benefit, survivorship benefit, terminal illness benefit, termination benefit, trauma benefit, underinsured motorist benefit, unemployment benefits, unemployment insurance benefits, uninsured motorist benefit, universal child care benefit, vacation benefit, welfare benefit, widows benefit, benefit consultant, benefit recipient, benefits advisor, benefits consultant, benefits manager, lifetime benefit maximum, Employee Benefits Security Administration, aid 1. 1), employee benefit planб) страх., эк. тр. пенсия, пенсионное пособиеSyn:See:55-plus benefit, accrued benefits, deferred retirement benefit, disability retirement benefit, early retirement benefit, fifty-five plus benefit, future service benefit, late retirement benefit, nonforfeitable benefits, non-vested benefits, normal retirement benefit, old age benefit, past service benefit, prior service benefit, projected benefits, service retirement benefit, unvested benefits, vested benefits, veterans benefits, defined benefit pension plan, vesting 2), accumulated benefit obligation, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation3) театр. бенефис (представление, сборы с которого поступают в пользу одного из актеров либо направляются на определенную цель, напр., на благотворительное мероприятие)2. гл.1) общ. помогать, приносить пользу оказывать благотворное воздействиеExtra few minutes of sleep won’t benefit you as much as a good breakfast. — Лишняя пара минут сна не принесет вам столько пользы, как полноценный завтрак.
2) общ. извлекать пользу, выгоду1to benefit by/from (smth.) — извлекать пользу [выгоду\] из (чего-л.)
I think the student will benefit by further study. — Я думаю, что дальнейшие занятия благотворно скажутся на этом студенте.
* * *
право, привилегия, польза, преимущество: 1) право, которое дает владельцу акция (права на дивиденд, на участие в новом займе, на получение бесплатных акций); 2) налоговые скидка, исключение, зачет; 3) дополнительное - обычно неденежное - вознаграждение при найме сотрудника (медицинская страховка, пенсионная схема, транспорт, обучение детей, компенсация в случае смерти); см. compensation;fringe benefit;4) преимущество, которое получит клиент при покупке данного товара (на это обращается внимание в рекламе).* * *Выгода, польза, выплата. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *страховое пособие по безработице, по болезни и т. д.
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