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1 вимагати розслідування
Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > вимагати розслідування
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2 ricerca
f (pl -che) researchdi persona scomparsa, informazione et cetera search (di for)education projectalla ricerca di in search of* * *ricerca s.f.1 search; quest: la ricerca della merce rubata fu inutile, the search for the stolen goods was fruitless // alla ricerca di, in search of: corsi alla ricerca di un dottore, I ran to find a doctor; è sempre alla ricerca dell'interesse personale, he always has an eye to his own interest; siamo alla ricerca di qlco., we are in search of sthg. (o fam. we are on the lookout for sthg.); sono alla ricerca di un libro che gli possa interessare, I'm on the lookout for a book that might interest him; partire alla ricerca di un tesoro, to set off in quest (o in search) of treasure; andare alla ricerca di un impiego, to seek employment2 ( il perseguire) pursuit: la ricerca della felicità, the pursuit of happiness; la ricerca del sapere, the pursuit of knowledge; la ricerca della verità, the search after truth // alla ricerca di, in pursuit of: è venuto in Italia alla ricerca delle sue origini, he came to Italy in pursuit of his origins3 ( a carattere scientifico) research: ricerche nucleari, nuclear research (es); ricerche scientifiche, storiche, scientific, historical research (es); laboratorio di ricerche, research laboratory; lavoro di ricerca, research work; dedicò tutta la sua vita alla ricerca scientifica, he devoted all his life to scientific research; fece lunghe ricerche sulle cause di questo male, he carried out lengthy research into the causes of this disease; le sue ricerche non sono state fruttuose, his researches have not been successful; proseguire le ricerche sul cancro, to continue research on cancer; ( a scuola) la classe sta facendo una ricerca sul razzismo, the class are doing a project on racism // (econ.): ricerca e sviluppo, research and development; ricerca di mercato, market research; ricerca di base, basic research; ricerca pubblicitaria, promozionale, advertising, promotional research; ricerca a tavolino, desk research; ricerca di marketing, marketing research; ricerca motivazionale, motivational research4 ( indagine) investigation, inquiry: con ulteriori ricerche scoprì che..., on further investigation he discovered that...; fare delle ricerche su qlco., to make inquiries about sthg.; interrompere le ricerche sul caso di omicidio, to interrupt the investigations into the murder case6 (inform.) research; retrieval: ricerca operativa, operating logic; ricerca di guasto, trouble hunting; ricerca e correzione del guasto, trouble shooting; ricerca e correzione degli errori, (IBM) debugging; ricerca di informazioni, computer-assisted retrieval (abbr. CAR).* * *1) (studio) research (su into, on); (risultato dello studio) study, survey, piece of researchricerca sul campo — field study, fieldwork
fare una ricerca su qcs. — to make a study on sth.
centro, laboratorio, gruppo di ricerca — research centre, laboratory, unit
2) (perlustrazione) search, researches pl.3) (il cercare) research, quest, pursuitla ricerca della felicità, della verità — the pursuit of happiness, the quest for truth
essere alla ricerca di — to be looking for [casa, lavoro]
4) (indagine) investigation, inquiry5) scol. (research) project, topic6) inform. search, look-up•* * *ricercapl. - che /ri't∫erka, ke/sostantivo f.1 (studio) research (su into, on); (risultato dello studio) study, survey, piece of research; ricerca sul campo field study, fieldwork; fare una ricerca su qcs. to make a study on sth.; sta facendo (delle) -che sul cancro she's doing some research on cancer; centro, laboratorio, gruppo di ricerca research centre, laboratory, unit2 (perlustrazione) search, researches pl.; dopo due ore di ricerca after a two-hour search; partecipare alle -che to take part in the search3 (il cercare) research, quest, pursuit; la ricerca della felicità, della verità the pursuit of happiness, the quest for truth; essere alla ricerca di to be looking for [casa, lavoro]; alla ricerca di una soluzione in (the) search of a solution4 (indagine) investigation, inquiry; faremo -che più approfondite we will inquire further into the matter5 scol. (research) project, topic6 inform. search, look-up; motore di ricerca search enginericerca di mercato market research; ricerca scientifica scientific research; ricerca spaziale space research. -
3 Verlangen
ver·lan·gen *1. ver·lan·gen *vt1) ( fordern)etw [von jdm] \Verlangen to demand sth [from sb];einen Preis \Verlangen to ask [or charge] a price;eine Bestrafung/ das Eingreifen/eine Untersuchung \Verlangen to demand [or call for] punishment/intervention/an investigation;Maßnahmen \Verlangen to demand that steps [or measures] be taken;\Verlangen, dass jd etw tut/ etw geschieht to demand that sb does sth/sth be done2) ( erfordern)etw [von jdm] \Verlangen to require sth [from sb], to call for sth3) ( erwarten)etw [von jdm] \Verlangen to expect sth [from sb];das ist ein bisschen viel verlangt that's a bit much, that's too much to expect;das ist nicht zu viel verlangt that is not too much to expect4) ( sich zeigen lassen)etw \Verlangen to ask [or want] to see [or to ask for] sthvi1) ( erfordern)nach etw \Verlangen to demand [or require] sth2) (geh: jdn zu sehen, sprechen wünschen)nach jdm \Verlangen to ask for sbnach etw \Verlangen to ask for sthes verlangt jdn danach, etw zu tun sb longs [or yearns] to do sth2. Ver·lan·gen <-s, -> nt1) ( dringender Wunsch) desire;kein \Verlangen nach etw haben ( geh) to have no desire for sth2) ( Forderung) demand;auf \Verlangen on demand; -
4 verlangen
ver·lan·gen *1. ver·lan·gen *vt1) ( fordern)etw [von jdm] \verlangen to demand sth [from sb];einen Preis \verlangen to ask [or charge] a price;eine Bestrafung/ das Eingreifen/eine Untersuchung \verlangen to demand [or call for] punishment/intervention/an investigation;Maßnahmen \verlangen to demand that steps [or measures] be taken;\verlangen, dass jd etw tut/ etw geschieht to demand that sb does sth/sth be done2) ( erfordern)etw [von jdm] \verlangen to require sth [from sb], to call for sth3) ( erwarten)etw [von jdm] \verlangen to expect sth [from sb];das ist ein bisschen viel verlangt that's a bit much, that's too much to expect;das ist nicht zu viel verlangt that is not too much to expect4) ( sich zeigen lassen)etw \verlangen to ask [or want] to see [or to ask for] sthvi1) ( erfordern)nach etw \verlangen to demand [or require] sth2) (geh: jdn zu sehen, sprechen wünschen)nach jdm \verlangen to ask for sbnach etw \verlangen to ask for sthes verlangt jdn danach, etw zu tun sb longs [or yearns] to do sth2. Ver·lan·gen <-s, -> nt1) ( dringender Wunsch) desire;kein \verlangen nach etw haben ( geh) to have no desire for sth2) ( Forderung) demand;auf \verlangen on demand; -
5 quaestiō
quaestiō ōnis, f [QVAES-], a questioning, examination, inquiry, investigation: exploratā re quaestione captivorum, Cs.: rem in disceptationem quaestionemque vocare, to investigate: res in quaestione versatur, is under investigation: de moribus ultima fiet quaestio, Iu.— A judicial investigation, examination by torture, criminal inquiry, inquisition: cum praetor quaestionem inter sicarios exercuisset, conducted a trial for assassination: mortis paternae de servis paternis quaestionem habere: quaestionem in eum ferre, demand his prosecution: placuit quaestionem ex his haberi, L.: instituta de morte: ad quaestionem abripi, to the torture: illum in quaestionem postulavit: quaestiones severius exercere, L.: quaestioni praeesse, to sit as judge: tabellae quaestionis, records of testimony at an examination: quaestiones perpetuae, standing commissions of criminal investigation: iudex quaestionis (i. e. quaesitor): quaestiones extraordinariae, investigations by special commission, L.: dimittere eo tempore quaestionem, i. e. the court.—A question, subject of investigation, matter, case, cause, dispute, difficulty, inquiry: quae (sententia) viri simillima, magna quaestio est: perdifficilis de naturā deorum: de moribus ultima fiet Quaestio, Iu.: beatos efficiat (sapientia) necne quaestio est, may be disputed.—The record of a judicial inquiry, minutes of evidence: hanc fictam quaestionem conscripisse.* * *questioning, inquiry; investigation -
6 исследование
1. с. research2. с. investigation, study3. с. exploration4. с. analysis, examinationисследование с целью … — investigation to find
исследование методом «возбуждение — отклик» — stimulus-response analysis
Синонимический ряд:1. изыскание (сущ.) изыскание; разыскание2. обследование (сущ.) обследование; освидетельствование; осмотр3. проведение исследования (сущ.) изучение; проведение исследования -
7 nivel
m.1 level, height (altura).al nivel de level withal nivel del mar at sea levella capital está a 250 metros sobre el nivel del mar the capital is 250 meters above sea level2 level, standard (grado).no tiene un buen nivel de inglés his level of English is pooruna reunión al más alto nivel a meeting at the highest level, a top-level meetingal mismo nivel (que) on a level o par (with)a nivel europeo at a European leveluna campaña realizada a nivel mundial a worldwide campaignnivel mental level of intelligencenivel de vida standard of living3 spirit level (instrument).4 carpenter's level, level.5 floor, storey, decker.De dos niveles Used as a suffix -decker: Double-decker* * *1 (altura) level, height2 (categoría) level, standard, degree3 (instrumento) level\a nivel de as for■ a nivel de gastos as far as expenses are concerned, regarding expensesal más alto nivel at the highest levelnivel de producción production levelnivel de vida standard of livingnivel del mar sea level* * *noun m.1) level2) standard3) grade* * *SM1) (=altura) level, heightla nieve alcanzó un nivel de 1,5m — the snow reached a depth of 1.5m
a nivel — [gen] level, flush; (=horizontal) horizontal
al nivel de — on a level with, at the same height as, on the same level as
paso a nivel — level crossing, grade crossing (EEUU)
nivel de(l) aceite — (Aut etc) oil level
2) [escolar, cultural] level, standardconferencia al más alto nivel, conferencia de alto nivel — high-level conference, top-level conference
estar al nivel de — to be equal to, be on a level with
niveles de audiencia — ratings, audience rating sing ; (TV) viewing figures
4)a nivel de — (=en cuanto a) as for, as regards; (=como) as; (=a tono con) in keeping with
a nivel de viajes — so far as travel is concerned, regarding travel
* * *a) ( altura) levelb) (en escala, jerarquía) level* * *= degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], level, range, scale, threshold, rank, gradation, grade, plateau [plateaux, -pl.], stratum [strata, -pl.], tier, rung.Ex. This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.Ex. As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.Ex. In particular series entries are useful for series where the series title indicates a particular subject scope, style of approach, level or audience.Ex. Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.Ex. Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.Ex. But documents with the following terms assigned would be rejected on the grounds that their combined weights did not exceed the pre-selected threshold.Ex. However, Cutter suggested that we should ignore on economic grounds both upward links (from narrower to broader subjects) and collateral (sideways) links from one term to another of equal rank.Ex. Until the mid nineteen hundreds, this community presented an almost feudal pattern of wealthy merchants and factory hands, with several gradations between these extremes.Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.Ex. With the advent of both library on-line public access catalogue and end-user searching of on-line and CD-ROM data bases, the need for improved instruction in library use approaches a new plateau.Ex. However, amongst this stratum of the population, library users demonstrated greater residential stability.Ex. The author proposes a four tier planning framework for information technology, information systems and information management.Ex. In all types of libraries, programmes have been started, usually by keen librarians from the lower rungs of the profession.----* a bajo nivel = low-level.* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* a dos niveles = two-tier.* alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.* alfabetización a nivel mundial = world literacy.* al mismo nivel de = flush with.* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.* alto nivel = high standard.* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].* a nivel federal = federally, federally.* a nivel individual = privately.* a nivel local = locally, domestically.* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].* a nivel privado = privately.* a nivel regional = regionally.* a todos los niveles = at all levels.* a tres niveles = three-tiered.* a un alto nivel = high level [high-level].* a un nivel básico = at a lay level.* a un nivel por debajo del nacional = sub-national [subnational].* a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level], at varying levels, many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* bajada de nivel = drawdown.* bajar el nivel = lower + the bar.* barrera de paso a nivel = level-crossing gate.* clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.* construido en dos niveles = split-level.* con una nivel de especialización medio = semi-skilled.* con un buen nivel = fluent.* con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].* con un menor nivel educativo = lesser-educated.* con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].* curva de nivel = contour line.* dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* de dos niveles = two-tier.* de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* de nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].* de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* de nivel intelectual medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].* de nivel medio = medium level [medium-level], middle-range, mid-level.* de nivel superior = upper-level, top echelon, higher-level.* de primer nivel = first-level.* descenso de nivel = drawdown.* descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.* de segundo nivel = second-level.* de tercer nivel = third-level.* de tres niveles = three-tiered.* de varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].* en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.* en dos niveles = split-level.* en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.* en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.* en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.* en otro nivel = on a different plane.* en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.* en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* gestor de nivel medio = middle manager.* gran nivel = high standard.* nivel alto de dirección = higher management.* nivel alto de gestión = higher management.* nivel avanzado = advanced level.* nivel básico = introductory level.* nivel cultural = literacy.* nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.* nivel de adopción = adoption rate.* nivel de alfabetización = literacy, literacy rate.* nivel de analfabetismo = illiteracy rate.* nivel de atención = attention span.* nivel de azúcar en la sangre = level of blood sugar.* nivel de cobertura = depth of coverage.* nivel de colesterol = cholesterol level.* nivel de colesterol en la sangre = blood cholesterol level.* nivel de confianza = confidence level.* nivel de demanda = level of demand.* nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.* nivel de detalle = completeness, granularity, level of detail.* nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.* nivel de estudios = educational background, level of education.* nivel de ingresos = income level, earning capacity, earning power.* nivel de la calle = road-level.* nivel del agua = water level.* nivel del alfabetización = literacy.* nivel de lectura = reading ability.* nivel de los usuarios = audience level.* nivel del público = audience level.* nivel del subconsciente, el = subconscious level, the.* nivel de luminosidad = light level.* nivel de pobreza = poverty level.* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.* nivel de ruido = noise level.* nivel de saciedad = point of futility.* nivel de satisfacción del usuario = user satisfaction.* nivel de saturación = point of futility.* nivel de solvencia = credit rating.* nivel de subdivisión = granularity.* nivel de utilización = degree of use.* nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.* nivel económico = wealth.* nivel educativo = educational level, education level, level of education.* nivel escolar = grade level.* niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.* nivel freático = groundwater table, water table.* nivel inferior = micro level [micro-leve/microlevel].* nivel intermedio = meso level, intermediate level.* nivel introductorio = introductory level.* nivel jerárquico falso = false link.* nivel máximo = high-water mark.* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.* nivel medio = middle range.* nivel medio de gestión = middle management.* nivel mínimo = low-water mark.* nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.* nivel profesional = competence, professional level.* nivel salarial = salary bracket.* nivel socioeconómico = socioeconomic status.* nivel superior = top level, top layer, macro level [macro-leve/macrolevel].* ocupar un nivel de prioridad alto = be high on + list, rank + high on the list of priorities.* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.* paso a nivel = level-crossing.* persona con nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].* persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.* rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.* ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.* sin ningún nivel de especialización = unskilled.* situado a nivel de la calle = ground-floor.* subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.* subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.* teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.* * *a) ( altura) levelb) (en escala, jerarquía) level* * *= degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], level, range, scale, threshold, rank, gradation, grade, plateau [plateaux, -pl.], stratum [strata, -pl.], tier, rung.Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.
Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.Ex: As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.Ex: In particular series entries are useful for series where the series title indicates a particular subject scope, style of approach, level or audience.Ex: Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.Ex: Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.Ex: But documents with the following terms assigned would be rejected on the grounds that their combined weights did not exceed the pre-selected threshold.Ex: However, Cutter suggested that we should ignore on economic grounds both upward links (from narrower to broader subjects) and collateral (sideways) links from one term to another of equal rank.Ex: Until the mid nineteen hundreds, this community presented an almost feudal pattern of wealthy merchants and factory hands, with several gradations between these extremes.Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.Ex: With the advent of both library on-line public access catalogue and end-user searching of on-line and CD-ROM data bases, the need for improved instruction in library use approaches a new plateau.Ex: However, amongst this stratum of the population, library users demonstrated greater residential stability.Ex: The author proposes a four tier planning framework for information technology, information systems and information management.Ex: In all types of libraries, programmes have been started, usually by keen librarians from the lower rungs of the profession.* a bajo nivel = low-level.* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* a dos niveles = two-tier.* alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.* alfabetización a nivel mundial = world literacy.* al mismo nivel de = flush with.* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.* alto nivel = high standard.* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].* a nivel federal = federally, federally.* a nivel individual = privately.* a nivel local = locally, domestically.* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].* a nivel privado = privately.* a nivel regional = regionally.* a todos los niveles = at all levels.* a tres niveles = three-tiered.* a un alto nivel = high level [high-level].* a un nivel básico = at a lay level.* a un nivel por debajo del nacional = sub-national [subnational].* a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level], at varying levels, many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* bajada de nivel = drawdown.* bajar el nivel = lower + the bar.* barrera de paso a nivel = level-crossing gate.* clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.* construido en dos niveles = split-level.* con una nivel de especialización medio = semi-skilled.* con un buen nivel = fluent.* con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].* con un menor nivel educativo = lesser-educated.* con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].* curva de nivel = contour line.* dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* de dos niveles = two-tier.* de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* de nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].* de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* de nivel intelectual medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].* de nivel medio = medium level [medium-level], middle-range, mid-level.* de nivel superior = upper-level, top echelon, higher-level.* de primer nivel = first-level.* descenso de nivel = drawdown.* descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.* de segundo nivel = second-level.* de tercer nivel = third-level.* de tres niveles = three-tiered.* de varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].* en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.* en dos niveles = split-level.* en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.* en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.* en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.* en otro nivel = on a different plane.* en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.* en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* gestor de nivel medio = middle manager.* gran nivel = high standard.* nivel alto de dirección = higher management.* nivel alto de gestión = higher management.* nivel avanzado = advanced level.* nivel básico = introductory level.* nivel cultural = literacy.* nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.* nivel de adopción = adoption rate.* nivel de alfabetización = literacy, literacy rate.* nivel de analfabetismo = illiteracy rate.* nivel de atención = attention span.* nivel de azúcar en la sangre = level of blood sugar.* nivel de cobertura = depth of coverage.* nivel de colesterol = cholesterol level.* nivel de colesterol en la sangre = blood cholesterol level.* nivel de confianza = confidence level.* nivel de demanda = level of demand.* nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.* nivel de detalle = completeness, granularity, level of detail.* nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.* nivel de estudios = educational background, level of education.* nivel de ingresos = income level, earning capacity, earning power.* nivel de la calle = road-level.* nivel del agua = water level.* nivel del alfabetización = literacy.* nivel de lectura = reading ability.* nivel de los usuarios = audience level.* nivel del público = audience level.* nivel del subconsciente, el = subconscious level, the.* nivel de luminosidad = light level.* nivel de pobreza = poverty level.* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.* nivel de ruido = noise level.* nivel de saciedad = point of futility.* nivel de satisfacción del usuario = user satisfaction.* nivel de saturación = point of futility.* nivel de solvencia = credit rating.* nivel de subdivisión = granularity.* nivel de utilización = degree of use.* nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.* nivel económico = wealth.* nivel educativo = educational level, education level, level of education.* nivel escolar = grade level.* niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.* nivel freático = groundwater table, water table.* nivel inferior = micro level [micro-leve/microlevel].* nivel intermedio = meso level, intermediate level.* nivel introductorio = introductory level.* nivel jerárquico falso = false link.* nivel máximo = high-water mark.* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.* nivel medio = middle range.* nivel medio de gestión = middle management.* nivel mínimo = low-water mark.* nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.* nivel profesional = competence, professional level.* nivel salarial = salary bracket.* nivel socioeconómico = socioeconomic status.* nivel superior = top level, top layer, macro level [macro-leve/macrolevel].* ocupar un nivel de prioridad alto = be high on + list, rank + high on the list of priorities.* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.* paso a nivel = level-crossing.* persona con nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].* persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.* rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.* ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.* sin ningún nivel de especialización = unskilled.* situado a nivel de la calle = ground-floor.* subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.* subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.* teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.* * *A1 (altura) levelestá a 2.300 metros sobre el nivel del mar it is 2,300 meters above sea levelpon los cuadros al mismo nivel hang the pictures at the same height2 (en una escala, jerarquía) levelconversaciones de alto nivel high-level talksnegociaciones al más alto nivel top-level negotiationsun funcionario de bajo nivel a low-ranking civil servanta nivel de mandos medios at middle-management leveluna solución a nivel internacional an international solutionla obra no llega a pasar del nivel de un melodrama the play never rises above melodramano está al nivel de los demás he's not up to the same standard as the others, he's not on a par with the othersno supo estar al nivel de las circunstancias he failed to rise to the occasion, he didn't live up to expectationses incapaz de comprometerse tanto a nivel político como a nivel personal he's incapable of committing himself either politically or emotionally o on either a political or an emotional levelCompuestos:standard of livingwater tableB ( Const) tbnivel de burbuja or de aire spirit level* * *
nivel sustantivo masculino
nivel de vida standard of living;
no está al nivel de los demás he's not up to the same standard as the others;
el nivel de las universidades mexicanas the standard of Mexican universities
nivel sustantivo masculino
1 (de las aguas, de un punto) level: estamos tres metros sobre el nivel del mar, we are at three metres above sea level
2 (cultural, social, económico) level, standard: su nivel de francés es peor que el tuyo, her level of French is lower than yours
3 (jerarquía) level
4 (utensilio) level
5 Ferroc paso a nivel, level crossing, US grade crossing
' nivel' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alta
- alto
- altura
- baja
- bajo
- escalón
- indicador
- indicadora
- ministerial
- paso
- plana
- plano
- ras
- tren
- alcanzar
- azúcar
- chato
- competir
- creces
- crecida
- cultural
- descender
- descenso
- desnivelado
- elemental
- elevar
- equiparar
- hundimiento
- hundir
- intermedio
- menguar
- parejo
- rango
- sobre
- sobrepasar
- superior
English:
above
- academic
- catch up
- crossing
- down
- grade
- ground level
- high-level
- high-powered
- intermediate
- keep up
- level
- level crossing
- living standards
- maintain
- oil
- oil gauge
- par
- plane
- proficiency
- quality
- rank
- reach
- sea-level
- spirit level
- stand
- standard
- top
- top-level
- up to
- water level
- watermark
- A level
- basis
- bracket
- catch
- comprehensive
- contour
- county
- deck
- degree
- descend
- dumb
- ground
- high
- keep
- lapse
- living
- lowest common denominator
- low
* * *nivel nm1. [altura] level, height;al nivel de level with;al nivel del mar at sea level;la capital está a 250 metros sobre el nivel del mar the capital is 250 metres above sea level2. [piso, capa] levelGeol nivel freático groundwater level o table3. [grado] level, standard;a nivel europeo at a European level;son los líderes a nivel mundial they are the world leaders;una campaña realizada a nivel mundial a worldwide campaign;un problema que hay que abordar a nivel mundial a problem that has to be tackled internationally o globally;tiene un buen nivel de inglés she speaks good English;en esa universidad tienen un nivel altísimo the standard at that university is very high;una reunión al más alto nivel a meeting at the highest level, a top-level meeting;al mismo nivel (que) on a level o par (with)Informát nivel de acceso access level;nivel de colesterol cholesterol level;Informát niveles de gris grey(scale) levels;nivel mental level of intelligence;nivel de vida standard of living5.a nivel de [considerado incorrecto] as regards, as for;a nivel de salarios as regards o as for salaries;a nivel personal estoy contento on a personal level I'm happy* * *m1 level;a nivel mundial/nacional at o on a global/national level;un incremento del 4% a nivel nacional a 4% increase nationwide2 ( altura) height* * *nivel nm1) : level, heightnivel del mar: sea level2) : level, standardnivel de vida: standard of living* * *nivel n1. (en general) level2. (calidad) standard -
8 paralizar
v.1 to paralyze.El curare paralizó sus músculos The curare paralyzed his muscles.2 to freeze.El susto paralizó a María The huge scare froze Mary.* * *1 MEDICINA to paralyse2 (circulación) to bring to a standstill; (obras, actividad) to bring to a halt; (negociaciones, proyecto) to freeze* * *1.VT [gen] to stop; (Med) to paralyse, paralyze; [+ tráfico] to bring to a standstill2.See:* * *verbo transitivoa) (Med) to paralyzeb) <circulación/producción> to bring... to a halt o standstill* * *= paralyse [paralyze, -USA], freeze, cripple, grip.Ex. The information rich are similarly paralyzed because of their inability to create order from all the information washing over them.Ex. So far has the computerization of cataloguing processes gone in the Library of Congress that a decision was taken in 1978 to 'freeze' the traditional reading room card catalogue and operate instead a fully automated system.Ex. He has demanded a 'no holds barred' investigation of the causes of the electrical power blackout that crippled New York last week.Ex. The Spanish airline swung to a net loss in the second quarter, hurt by falling demand for air travel as the recession grips Spain.----* paralizar Algo = put + Nombre + on ice, put + Nombre + on mothballs.* paralizarse = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill, seize up.* * *verbo transitivoa) (Med) to paralyzeb) <circulación/producción> to bring... to a halt o standstill* * *= paralyse [paralyze, -USA], freeze, cripple, grip.Ex: The information rich are similarly paralyzed because of their inability to create order from all the information washing over them.
Ex: So far has the computerization of cataloguing processes gone in the Library of Congress that a decision was taken in 1978 to 'freeze' the traditional reading room card catalogue and operate instead a fully automated system.Ex: He has demanded a 'no holds barred' investigation of the causes of the electrical power blackout that crippled New York last week.Ex: The Spanish airline swung to a net loss in the second quarter, hurt by falling demand for air travel as the recession grips Spain.* paralizar Algo = put + Nombre + on ice, put + Nombre + on mothballs.* paralizarse = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill, seize up.* * *paralizar [A4 ]vt1 ( Med) to paralyzese quedó paralizada de un lado she was paralyzed down one sideel miedo me paralizó I was paralyzed with fearsus palabras nos paralizaron we were stunned by his words2 ‹circulación/obra› to bring … to a halt o standstillla huelga paralizó la producción the strike brought production to a standstill o to a halt, the strike paralyzed production* * *
paralizar ( conjugate paralizar) verbo transitivoa) (Med) to paralyze;
‹circulación/producción› to bring … to a halt o standstill
paralizar verbo transitivo to paralyse
(tráfico, etc) to stop
' paralizar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bloquear
English:
cripple
- paralyse
- paralyze
- stall
- stop
- transfix
* * *♦ vt1. [causar parálisis] to paralyse;un veneno que paraliza los músculos a poison which paralyses the muscles;el susto lo paralizó he was paralysed with fear2. [detener] to stop;el transporte aéreo está paralizado air traffic has come to a standstill* * *v/t1 MED paralyze2 actividad bring to a halt* * *paralizar {21} vt1) : to paralyze2) : to bring to a standstill* * *paralizar vb to paralyse -
9 quaerō
quaerō sīvī, sītus, ere [QVAES-], to seek, look for: quaerenti (deae) defuit orbis, O.: te ipsum quaerebam, was looking for, T.: suos notos, Cs.: ab ostio quaerens Ennium, asking for: cum praetor quaereretur: quem quaeritis, adsum, V.: liberi ad necem quaerebantur: escam in sterquilinio, Ph.: per imas Quaerit iter vallīs (Ufens), V.: cauda colubrae... moriens dominae vestigia quaerit, O.— To seek to obtain, look for, strive for, seek: sibi alium imperatorem, S.: in regnum quaeritur heres, V.: milites ducem quaerentes: in eum invidia quaesita est, i. e. prejudice is excited: ad ornatum ludorum aurum: regia potestas hac lege quaeritur: ne quaeratur latebra periurio: voce pericula, provoke, O.: defensorem suae salutis eum.—With inf, to seek, strive, endeavor, ask: ne quaere doceri Quam poenam, etc., V.: Antequam... speciosa quaero Pascere tigrīs, i. e. let me rather, H.: classibus advehebantur, qui mutare sedes quaerebant, Ta.— To strive to gain, earn, win by effort, acquire: Conserva, quaere, parce, T.: Quaerit ac timet uti, H.: victum volgo, T.: confiteri sibi quaesito opus esse, that he must earn something.—To feel the want of, miss, lack: Siciliam in uberrimā Siciliae parte: ne ille saepe Persas et Indos quaesisset, L.: quaerit Boeotia Dircen, O.— To ask, desire, require, demand, need, call for: quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit? i. e. what do you mean by? T.: collis pauca munimenta quaerebat, S.: qui tumultus dictatoriam maiestatem quaesisset, made necessary, L.: nego esse quicquam, quod cuiusquam oratoris eloquentiam quaereret: quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationem, quidnam istis agendum putem.—Fig., to seek mentally, think over, meditate, aim at, plan, devise, find: consilium, T.: quonam modo maxime ulti sanguinem nostrum pereamus, S.: remedium: rationes eas, quae ex coniecturā pendent.— To seek to learn, make inquiry, ask, inquire, interrogate: item alio die Quaerebam, T.: quaerendo cognoveram: vide, quaere, circumspice!: quaesiturus, unum caelum esset an innumerabilia: Naturā fieret laudabile carmen, an arte, Quaesitum est, has been made a question, H.: cum ab iis saepius quaereret, made inquiries, Cs.: quaero abs te nunc, Hortensi, cum, etc.: quaesivit a medicis, quem a modum se haberet, N.: quaero de te, num, etc.: Cura tibi de quo quaerere nulla fuit, O.: in dominos quaeri de servis iniquom est, i. e. to examine under torture: quaerit ex solo ea, quae, etc., Cs.: habes, quod ex me quaesisti.— To examine, inquire into, make inquiry, investigate: coëgit consules circa fora proficisci ibique quaerere, L.: hunc abduce, vinci, quaere rem, T.: scrutatus sum quae potui et quaesivi omnia: rem illam: quorum de naturā Caesar cum quaereret, sic reperiebat, Cs.—Esp., of judicial investigation: de pecuniis repetundis: dum de patris morte quaereretur: ut veteribus legibus, tantum modo extra ordinem, quaereretur, the investigation should be made.—In parenthet. clauses, to inquire, consider: omnino, si quaeris, ludi apparatissimi: noli quaerere: ita mihi pulcher hic dies visus est, in short: si verum quaeritis, to speak the truth: si verum quaerimus.* * *quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus Vsearch for, seek, strive for; obtain; ask, inquire, demand -
10 oportuno
adj.1 opportune, heaven-sent, expedient, timely.Una oferta oportuna A seasonable offer.2 opportune, felicitous.* * *► adjetivo1 (a tiempo) opportune, timely2 (conveniente) appropriate3 (ingenioso) witty, sharp* * *(f. - oportuna)adj.opportune, timely* * *ADJ1) [ocasión] opportuneen el momento oportuno — at an opportune moment, at the right moment
su llamada no pudo ser más oportuna — his call could not have come at a better moment, his call could not have been better timed
2) (=pertinente) appropriate3) [persona]¡ella siempre tan oportuna! — iró you can always rely on her!
* * *- na adjetivoa) <visita/lluvia> timely, opportuneb) ( conveniente) appropriatec) < respuesta> appropriatetú siempre tan oportuno! — (iró) you can always be relied upon to put your foot in it
* * *= adequate, apposite, appropriate, felicitous, timely, salutary, salutary, opportune, expedient.Nota: Adjetivo.Ex. There must be provision for changes necessary to keep the coverage of subjects adequate for new literature.Ex. All terms may be included, and placed in the most apposite position in the hierarchy of the subject = Pueden incluirse todos los términos y colocarse en la posición más apropiada en la jerarquía de la materia.Ex. Informative abstracts are appropriate for texts describing experimental work.Ex. This is hardly a felicitous solution to be followed in other similar cases.Ex. The State, as producer, is deficient in producing sufficient copies to meet demand, ensuring timely distribution, and providing efficient bibliographic control.Ex. It came as rather a rebuff, but none the less a salutary one, to learn of the decision not to include libraries.Ex. It came as rather a rebuff, but none the less a salutary one, to learn of the decision not to include libraries.Ex. At this point it is opportune to attempt to distinguish briefly between the cataloguer's sort of database, in essence a computer-based file of bibliographic records, and the computer professional's, which is a much more general collection of data.Ex. It is, therefore, expedient to look into history to lay hands on the root of the problem.----* considerar oportuno = consider + appropriate.* el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.* en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.* lo oportuno = timeliness.* * *- na adjetivoa) <visita/lluvia> timely, opportuneb) ( conveniente) appropriatec) < respuesta> appropriatetú siempre tan oportuno! — (iró) you can always be relied upon to put your foot in it
* * *= adequate, apposite, appropriate, felicitous, timely, salutary, salutary, opportune, expedient.Nota: Adjetivo.Ex: There must be provision for changes necessary to keep the coverage of subjects adequate for new literature.
Ex: All terms may be included, and placed in the most apposite position in the hierarchy of the subject = Pueden incluirse todos los términos y colocarse en la posición más apropiada en la jerarquía de la materia.Ex: Informative abstracts are appropriate for texts describing experimental work.Ex: This is hardly a felicitous solution to be followed in other similar cases.Ex: The State, as producer, is deficient in producing sufficient copies to meet demand, ensuring timely distribution, and providing efficient bibliographic control.Ex: It came as rather a rebuff, but none the less a salutary one, to learn of the decision not to include libraries.Ex: It came as rather a rebuff, but none the less a salutary one, to learn of the decision not to include libraries.Ex: At this point it is opportune to attempt to distinguish briefly between the cataloguer's sort of database, in essence a computer-based file of bibliographic records, and the computer professional's, which is a much more general collection of data.Ex: It is, therefore, expedient to look into history to lay hands on the root of the problem.* considerar oportuno = consider + appropriate.* el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.* en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.* lo oportuno = timeliness.* * *oportuno -na1 ‹momento/visita/lluvia› timely, opportunellegó en el momento oportuno she arrived at just the right moment o at a very opportune moment2 (indicado, conveniente) appropriatese tomarán las medidas que se estimen or consideren oportunas appropriate measures will be takenseñaló que se llevarían a cabo las investigaciones oportunas she indicated that the appropriate o necessary investigation would be carried outsería oportuno avisarle we ought to inform her3 ‹respuesta› appropriateestuvo muy oportuno en el debate what he said in the debate was very much to the point¡vaya, hombre, tú siempre tan oportuno! ( iró); you can always be relied upon to show up at the wrong time/to put your foot in it* * *
oportuno◊ -na adjetivo
estuvo muy oportuno what he said was very much to the point
oportuno,-a adjetivo
1 (momento, acción) timely
un gol muy oportuno, a timely goal
2 (persona, comentario, medidas) appropriate: no creo que sea oportuno llamarle, I don't think it is appropriate to phone him
irón ¡tú siempre tan oportuno!, trust you to say something tactless!
' oportuno' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cielo
- oportuna
- pertinente
- ocasión
- oportunidad
- providencial
- tiempo
English:
acceptable
- appropriate
- apt
- convenient
- expedient
- good
- happy
- inopportune
- opportune
- pop up
- right
- ripe
- timely
- timing
- well
- bide
- wrong
* * *oportuno, -a adj1. [pertinente] appropriate;me pareció oportuno callarme I thought it best to say nothing2. [propicio] timely, opportune;el momento oportuno the right time;en el momento menos oportuno at the very worst time o moment;su llegada fue muy oportuna she arrived at an opportune moment;se lo diré cuando sea oportuno I'll tell him in due course o when the time is right;Irónico¡ella siempre tan oportuna! she really chooses her moments3. [agudo] sharp, acute;has estado muy oportuno al contestarle así it was very sharp of you to answer him like that* * *adj1 timely; momento opportune* * *oportuno, -na adj1) : opportune, timely2) : suitable, appropriate* * *oportuno adj1. (en buena hora) timely2. (conveniente) appropriate -
11 analisi
f invar analysisanalisi del sangue blood test* * *analisi s.f.1 analysis*; test; testing: analisi del sangue, blood test; analisi dell'urina, urine test; analisi chimiche, chemical tests; analisi matematica, mathematical analysis; (fis.) analisi dimensionale, dimensional analysis // (chim.): analisi qualitativa, quantitativa, qualitative, quantitative analysis; analisi spettroscopica, spectroscopic analysis // (geol.): analisi granulometrica, grain size analysis; analisi dei tempi e dei metodi, methods-time measurement; analisi radiocarbonica, radiocarbon analysis // (miner.) analisi densimetrica, float-and-sink analysis2 (econ.) analysis*: analisi dei costi, cost analysis; analisi costi e benefici, cost-benefit analysis; analisi costi-efficacia, cost-effectiveness analysis; analisi delle immissioni, input-output analysis; analisi delle interdipendenze strutturali, input-output (o interindustry) analysis; analisi delle mansioni, job analysis; analisi di bilancio, financial statement (o balance sheet) analysis; analisi input-output, input-output analysis; analisi degli investimenti, investment analysis; analisi del flusso monetario, money-flow analysis; analisi della concorrenza, competitor analysis; analisi della domanda, demand analysis; analisi delle vendite, sales analysis; analisi di mercato, market analysis (o market research); analisi generale, macroeconomica, aggregate analysis; analisi del funzionamento di un sistema, systems analysis; analisi di tendenza, trend analysis3 (inform.) analysis*; test; systems study: analisi funzionale, systems analysis; analisi reticolare, network analysis; analisi ottica, optical scanning; analisi di relazione, di classe, relation, class test; analisi automatica dei documenti, automatic abstracting4 (gramm.) parsing; analysis*: analisi grammaticale, grammatical analysis; fare l'analisi di una frase, to analyse a sentence5 ( indagine) analysis*, study: fare un'accurata analisi della situazione, to make an accurate analysis of the situation // in ultima analisi, after all6 (psic.) analysis*: essere in analisi, to be in (o under) analysis; sottoporsi ad analisi, to undergo analysis.* * *[a'nalizi]sostantivo femminile invariabile1) (esame) analysis*in ultima analisi — in the final o last analysis
2) med. test(ing)3) mat. (disciplina) calculus*4) psic. (psycho)analysis*essere in analisi — to be in analysis o in therapy
5) inform. analysis*•analisi grammaticale — grammatical analysis, parsing
analisi del sangue — blood test o screening
analisi testuale — scol. textual analysis
* * *analisi/a'nalizi/f.inv.1 (esame) analysis*; in ultima analisi in the final o last analysis; in seguito a un'analisi (più) approfondita on (further) investigation2 med. test(ing); fare le analisi del sangue to have a blood test; fare delle analisi per scoprire la causa di un'allergia to test for an allergy3 mat. (disciplina) calculus*5 inform. analysis*; analisi dei dati data analysisanalisi di bilancio budget analysis; analisi dei costi cost-accounting; analisi del discorso discourse analysis; analisi grammaticale grammatical analysis, parsing; analisi logica clause analysis; analisi del sangue blood test o screening; analisi dei sistemi systems analysis; analisi tempi e metodi time-and-motion study; analisi testuale scol. textual analysis; analisi delle urine urine test. -
12 ζητέω
ζητ-έω, [dialect] Dor. part. [full] ζάτεισα Theoc.1.85: [tense] impf. ἐζήτουν, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.Aζήτει Il.14.258
(nowh. else in Hom.): [tense] aor. 1ἐζήτησα Isoc.16.14
: [tense] pf.ἐζήτηκα Din.2.19
:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐζητησάμην ([etym.] ἀν-) Longus Prooem.2:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ζητηθήσομαι S.E.P.1.60
, M.8.16; but ζητήσομαι in pass. sense, ib.1.28, Gal.1.649:—seek, seek for, ἐμὲ δ' ἔξοχα πάντων ζήτει Il.l.c.;ζ. πημάτων ἀπαλλαγάς A.Pr. 318
, cf. 264;εὑρήσεις ζητῶν Ar.Pl. 105
; μὴ ζητῶν without seeking, X.Ages. 8.1; τὸ ζητούμενον ἁλωτόν what is sought for may be found, S.OT 110.2 mquire for,τὰ πινάκια καὶ τὰ γραμματ εῖα IG12.91.11
;τοὺς ἄρχοντας X.An.2.3.2
: with relat. clause,ὅτου δέοιτο ὁ Κῦρος Id.Cyr. 8.5.13
.4 search or inquire into, investigate, examine, of philosophical investigation,ζ. τὰ θεῖα X.Mem.1.1.15
;ζ. καὶ ἐρευνῶ κατὰ τὸν θεόν Pl.Ap. 23b
;ζητουμένης ἀρετῆς ὅ τι ἐστίν Id.Men. 79d
; τὸ ζητούμενον the matter of inquiry, the question, Id.Tht. 201a, Arist. Top. 110a7, Str.2.1.18, A.D.Adv.188.13; also of judicial inquiry,ζ. περὶ ἀδικημάτων Din.1.8
; ζήτησιν τὴν ὑπέρ τινος ζ. ib.10; ἔνοχος εἶναι τοῖς ζητουμένοις ib.55: generally,ζ. πότερον.. ἤ Pl.Phlb. 27c
;ζ. πρὸς ἐμαυτόν Luc.Lex.17
.5 require, demand, : metaph., ὁ περικράνιος ὑμὴν.. τὴν ἐπιδιαίρεσιν ζ. requires the opening up of the wound, Heliod. ap. Orib.46.7.3.II seek after, desire, ;ἐμοὶ ζητῶν ὄλεθρον S.OT 659
; of natural tendencies,ὁ θερμὸς ὕφαμμον χώραν ζητεῖ Thphr.HP8.11.8
:—[voice] Pass., sought after, in great demand,PMag.Par.
1.3086,3114.2 c. inf., seek to do, ἐκμαθεῖν τι ζ. Hdt.3.137, A.Pr. 776;μεταλαβεῖν Ar.Pl. 370
. cf. Pl.Prt. 322b, Men. 90e, SIG372.7 (Samothrace, iii B.C.): c. [tense] fut. inf.,ζητεῖς ἀναπείσειν Ar.Pl. 573
codd. (sed leg. - πείθειν): c. acc. et inf., seek or desire that, Pl.R. 443b, Chrm. 172c.III have to seek, feel the want of,ἵνα μὴ ζητέοιεν σιτία Hdt.1.94
;Νέρωνα Plu.Galb.8
:—[voice] Pass.,ζητούμενος οἷς ἀπέλειπες Epigr.Gr.215.3
([place name] Rhenea). -
13 Steuerertrag
Steuerertrag m STEUER tax yield, tax revenue* * *Steuerertrag
tax proceeds (yield), (Einzelsteuer) yield of a tax;
• der Steuerertrag ist gut the tax draws well;
• schwankende Steuererträge swing in taxes;
• Steuererträgnisse (Gesamtaufkommen) public revenue;
• Steuerexperte, Steuerfachmann tax expert (-man, technician), fiscal expert;
• Steuerfahnder tax ferret, specialized investigator;
• Steuerfahndung tax ferrets (investigation, search);
• Steuerfehlbetrag shortfall in tax revenue, tax (revenue) deficit;
• Steuerfestsetzung determination of a tax, tax assessment, taxing;
• Steuerfestsetzungsbestimmungen methods of assessing taxable property;
• Steuerflucht tax avoidance (evasion);
• Steuerflüchtling tax exile;
• Steuerfolgen tax implications;
• Steuerforderung tax (revenue) claim;
• fällige Steuerforderungen accrued taxes, tax accruals (US);
• uneinbringliche Steuerforderungen uncollectable taxes;
• Steuerforderung unter Einlegung von Widerspruch zahlen to pay a tax demand under protest;
• Steuerformular tax form[ula];
• Steuerfrage tax question (matter), problem of taxes;
• Steuerfragen fiscal matter;
• unerledigte Steuerfrage unsettled tax dispute. -
14 na
praep. 1. (wskazuje na kontakt z powierzchnią) [znajdować się] on- na stole/kanapie/krześle on the table/sofa/chair- na ścianie/drzwiach on the wall/door- na Ziemi/Księżycu on the Earth/Moon- na niebie in the sky- na jeziorze/rzece on the lake/river- na morzu at sea- na zdjęciu/obrazie (jako temat) in a photo/picture- na środku czegoś in the middle a. centre of sth- na początku/końcu czegoś at the beginning/end of sth- rana na nodze a wound on a a. in the leg- mieć na sobie marynarkę/płaszcz to be wearing a jacket/coat- nosiła pierścionek na małym palcu, a na szyi korale she had a ring on her little finger and beads (a)round her neck- włóż płaszcz na sweter put your coat on over your sweater2. (wskazuje na pomieszczenie, miejsce) at, in- na stadionie at the stadium- na korytarzu in the corridor- na ulicy in the street, outside- na ulicy Klonowej in a. on Klonowa Street- na dworcu/przystanku autobusowym at the station/bus stop- na staromiejskim rynku in the Old Town marketplace- na wschodzie/południu in the East/South- na Bliskim Wschodzie in the Middle East- na Ukrainie/Węgrzech in (the) Ukraine/in Hungary- na Śląsku/Mazowszu in Silesia/Mazovia- na wyspie/Borneo on an island/in Borneo- na wsi in the country- na uniwersytecie at (the) university/in the university- na wykładzie/przedstawieniu at a lecture/performance- na górze/dole (wysokość) at the top/bottom; (w budynku) upstairs/downstairs3. (wskazuje na kierunek) [pójść, prowadzić] to- na plażę/bagna to the beach/marshes- na stację/salę operacyjną to the station/the operating theatre- na Łotwę/Pomorze to Latvia/Pomerania- na Sycylię/Krym to Sicily/the Crimea- wyprawa na Mount Everest an expedition to Mount Everest- wspinać się na Giewont to climb Giewont- robotnicy wylegli na ulice workers took to the streets- dostał się na uniwersytet/prawo he entered university a. was admitted to university/he entered the law department- poszła na zebranie/koncert she went to a meeting/concert- iść/skręcać na północ/wschód to go/turn north/east- okna wychodzą na południe/na ogród the windows face south/look onto the garden- na północ/wschód od czegoś to the north/east of sth- na górę/dół (wyżej/niżej) up/down; (w budynku) upstairs/downstairs- patrzeć na kogoś to look at sb- postawić wazon na stół a. na stole to put a vase on the table- ładować meble na ciężarówkę to load furniture onto a lorry- przenosić się z miejsca na miejsce to move from place to place4. (wskazuje na odcinek czasu) for- wyjechać na tydzień/dwa dni to go away for a week/two days- na krótko for a bit a. a short while- na zawsze forever, for ever- muszę was na chwilę zostawić I’ll have to leave you for a moment- ptaki odleciały na zimę the birds have flown off for the winter- na pół godziny przed odlotem samolotu half an hour before the plane’s departure5. (wskazuje na termin) przygotuję ten referat na środę I’ll prepare the paper for Wednesday- miałeś zrobić tłumaczenie na wczoraj you were supposed to finish the translation by yesterday- przesuńmy zebranie na jutro let’s postpone the meeting till tomorrow- masz przyjść na drugą/lunch you must come at two/for lunch- jestem z nim umówiony na siedemnastą/na piątego stycznia I’m seeing him at 5 p.m./on January the fifth6. (wskazuje na okazję) for- na tę okazję for the occasion- sukienka na specjalne okazje a dress for special occasions- zjeść coś na śniadanie/lunch to have a. eat sth for breakfast/lunch- kupić komuś prezent na urodziny to buy sb a present for his/her birthday- zaprosić kogoś na imieniny/wigilię to invite sb to one’s name day party/for Christmas Eve- pójść na wesele/pogrzeb to go to a wedding/funeral- pocałować/pomachać komuś na pożegnanie to kiss/wave sb goodbye7. (z nazwami środków lokomocji) na nartach/rowerze on skis/on a bike- policjanci na koniach policemen on horseback- jechać na rowerze to cycle, to ride a bike- latać na lotni to go hang-gliding- jeździć na łyżwach/wrotkach to skate a. go skating/to (roller) skate a. go (roller) skating- chodzić/stać na rękach to walk/stand on one’s hands- skakać na jednej nodze to hop on one foot- zjechał na nartach ze zbocza he skied down the slope- dziecko poruszało się na pupie po całym pokoju the baby shuffled around the room on his/her bottom8. (wskazujące na podporę) on- stolik na kółkach a table on a. with wheels- pantofle na wysokim obcasie highheeled shoes- pantofle na płaskim obcasie low-heeled shoes, flats US- fotel/konik na biegunach a rocking chair/horse- spodnie na szelkach/pasku trousers with braces/with a belt- prowadzić psa na smyczy to lead a dog on a leash- leżeć na brzuchu/plecach to lie on one’s stomach/back- oprzeć się na łokciu/na lasce to lean on one’s elbow/a cane9. (z nazwami narzędzi, urządzeń, instrumentów) on- na komputerze/kalkulatorze on a computer/calculator- pisać na maszynie to type, to write on a typewriter- uszyć sukienkę na maszynie to machine(-sew) a dress- grać na skrzypcach/fortepianie to play (on) the violin/piano- zagrać jakąś melodię na skrzypcach/fortepianie to play a tune on the violin/piano- robić na drutach to knit10. (wskazuje na sposób) pranie na sucho dry-cleaning- jajka na twardo/miękko hard-boiled/soft-boiled eggs- usmażyć coś na maśle/oleju to fry sth in butter/oil- ten rosół jest na wołowinie, nie na kurczaku this is beef broth, not chicken broth- nalewka na wiśniach cherry brandy- sprzedawać coś na sztuki/tuziny to sell sth by the piece/dozen- kupić coś na raty to pay for sth by a. in instalments- pomalować coś na niebiesko/zielono to paint sth blue/green- ubierać się na biało/czarno to dress in white/black- „podawać na zimno/gorąco” ‘serve cold/hot’- (ona) uczy się na piątki she always gets top marks11. (wskazuje na przeznaczenie) for- mięso na befsztyki/zupę meat for steak/soup- butelka na mleko a milk bottle- materiał na sukienkę dress material- stojak na buty a shoe rack- syrop na kaszel cough syrup- koncert na skrzypce i fortepian a concerto for violin and piano- dom na sprzedaż a house for sale- sztućce/stół na cztery osoby cutlery/a table for four (people)- brała krople na serce she took drops for her heart- nie mam już miejsca na książki I don’t have any more room for books- na dokończenie tego mieliśmy tylko dwie godziny we only had two hours to finish it- nie trać czasu na głupstwa don’t waste time on trifles- brakuje pieniędzy na zasiłki there’s a shortage of money for benefits12. (wskazuje na cel) for- zabrali go do szpitala na operację they took him to hospital for an operation- poszedł na egzamin he went to take a. went off for his exam- idę do znajomych na brydża I’m going to my friends to play (some) bridge a. for a game of bridge- umówmy się na piwo let’s meet for a beer- muszę pójść na zakupy I have to do some a. go shopping- na co chcesz pójść (do kina)? what (film) would you like to see?- wybrać się na grzyby/ryby to go mushroom picking/fishing- skoczył do wody jemu/jej na ratunek he jumped into the water to save him/her13. (wskazuje na skutek) to, into- podarł spodnie na strzępy he tore his trousers to shreds- wazon rozbił się na kawałki the vase smashed to pieces- porąbał drewno na kawałki he chopped the wood into pieces- pokrój mięso na plastry/kawałki cut the meat into slices/chunks- gips strwardniał na kamień the plaster set as hard as rock- przerobiła sukienkę na spódnicę she turned the dress into a skirt- przebudowali piwnicę na sklep they converted the cellar into a shop- rodzice wychowali go na uczciwego człowieka his parents brought him up to be an honest man14. (wskazuje na przyczynę) at- na czyjąś prośbę/zaproszenie at sb’s request/invitation- na czyjś rozkaz at sb’s order- na widok kogoś/czegoś at the sight of sb/sth- na dźwięk dzwonka wyskoczył z wanny at the sound of the bell he jumped out of the bath- na myśl o tym zrobiło mu się słabo he felt faint at the (very) thought of it- śledztwo rozpoczęto na wniosek poszkodowanego the investigation was opened at the request of the injured party- na nasz apel zgłosiło się wielu ochotników many volunteers responded to our appeal- oskarżeni utrzymują, że strzelali na rozkaz the accused claim that they were ordered to shoot- chorować na grypę to be ill with flu- przystanek na żądanie a request stop GB, a flagstop US15. (w pomiarach, obliczeniach) 100 kilometrów na godzinę a hundred kilometres per a. an hour- dwa razy na tydzień/rok twice a week/year- jeden student na dziesięciu one student in ten a. out of ten- na jedno miejsce było sześciu kandydatów there were six candidates per place- bieg na 100 metrów the 100 metres sprint- głęboki/długi na sześć metrów six metres deep/long- drzwi były otwarte na całą szerokość the door was wide open- podszedłem do niego na odległość kilku kroków I came to within several steps of him- poziom wody podniósł się na wysokość pierwszego piętra the level of the water rose up to the first floor- jak na swoje lata, jest w doskonałej formie he’s in excellent form for his years- jak na emeryta, ma spore dochody for a pensioner he has quite a large income- pomidory, jak na krajowe, są znakomite for Polish tomatoes they’re delicious- suma, jak na owe czasy, ogromna a huge sum for a. in those days a. times- na ówczesne warunki (for) the way things were at the time; for the conditions prevailing at that time książk.- na co? what for?- na co ci ołówek? what do you need a pencil for?- i na co wam to było? what did you have to do that for?* * *prep(+acc) ( kierunek) tona plażę/wieś — to the beach/country
na Węgry/Kubę — to Hungary/Cuba
wchodzić (wejść perf) na drzewo — to climb a tree
na zachód/północ — west/north, westward(s)/northward(s)
wpadać (wpaść perf) na kogoś — to bump into sb ( okres)
na 5 minut przed na — +loc five minutes before... ( termin)
na czwartą — ( zrobić coś) by four (o'clock); ( przyjść) at four (o'clock) ( okazja)
na sztuki/tuziny — by the piece/the dozen
na raty — on hire purchase (BRIT) lub installments (US)
na czyjąś prośbę/zaproszenie — at sb's request/invitation
na czyjś sygnał/życzenie — on sb's signal/wish
chory na grypę — ill lub sick (US) with flu ( miara)
dwa razy na tydzień — twice a lub per week
jeden na dziesięć — one in ten, one out of ten
malować (pomalować perf) coś na biało — to paint sth white ( przeznaczenie)
kosz na śmieci — dustbin (BRIT), garbage can (US)
jechać na wakacje/wycieczkę — to go on holiday/a trip
iść na wykład/koncert — to go to a lecture/concert ( z przysłówkami)
* * *naprep.+ Loc.1. ( miejsce) on, at, in ( często nie tłumaczony jako przyimek); na stole on the table; na ścianie on the wall; na górze/na dole up/down; at the top/bottom ( czegoś of sth); (= na piętrze/na parterze) upstairs/downstairs; na ulicy on the street; Br. in the street; na Siódmej Ulicy on Seventh Street; Br. in Seventh Street; na Pennsylvania Avenue pod numerem 10 Br. at 10 Pennsylvania Avenue; na Alasce/Litwie in Alaska/Lithuania; na deszczu (out) in the rain; na dworze (= na zewnątrz) outside, outdoors; na koniu on a horse, on horseback; na korytarzu in the corridor; na palcu/głowie on one's finger/head; mieć mnóstwo spraw na głowie przen. have a lot on one's mind l. shoulders; na początku/końcu czegoś at the beginning/end of sth; na polu in the field; na uniwersytecie/poczcie at the university/post office; na zachodzie in the west.3. (= podczas) at, during, on; na zebraniu/koncercie at a meeting/concert; na wakacjach on vacation; Br. on holiday; na wycieczce on a trip l. excursion; spędzać czas na czytaniu spend one's time reading.4. ( środek lokomocji) on; jechać na koniu ride (on) a horse; jeździć na nartach ski, go skiing; jeździć na rowerze ride (on) a bicycle, ride a bike.5. ( ruch lub pozycja ciała) on; chodzić na rękach walk on one's hands; leżeć na boku lie on one's side; na nogach (t. przen. = w dobrej kondycji) on one's feet.6. ( instrument) on; grać na skrzypcach/fortepianie play the violin/piano; grać melodię na fortepianie play a tune on the piano.8. ( precyzowanie znaczenia rzeczownika) buty na wysokich obcasach high-heeled shoes; ciasto na drożdżach yeast dough; nalewka na wiśniach cherry liqueur; koń na biegunach rocking horse.9. (po czasownikach l. przymiotnikach) oszczędzać na czymś economize on sth; wprawiać się na czymś cut one's teeth on sth; wychowany na czymś brought up l. raised on sth.prep.+ Acc.1. (kierunek l. cel) to, toward(s), on, upon ( często nie tłumaczony jako przyimek); na Alaskę/Litwę to Alaska/Lithuania; na stolicę (o celu marszu, operacji wojskowej) toward l. on the capital; na górę/na dół up/down; ( po schodach) upstairs/downstairs; na pocztę/dworzec kolejowy to the post office/railroad station; na ulicę (out) into the street; na zachód west, westward(s); wyjść na ulicę (euf. = zacząć uprawiać prostytucję) go on the streets.2. (po czasownikach l. przymiotnikach) chory na głowę (pot. = szalony) sick in the head, brainsick; chorować l. cierpieć na coś suffer from sth; cieszyć się na coś look forward to sth; krzyczeć na kogoś shout at sb; patrzeć na kogoś/coś look at sb/sth; zanosi się na deszcz it's going to rain; zły na kogoś/coś angry at/with sb/sth.5. (termin, wyznaczony czas) (dokładnie) na czas (right) on time; obiad będzie na piątą dinner will be (ready) at five; umówić się na środę agree to meet on Wednesday, schedule an appointment for Wednesday; wracam na Wielkanoc I'll be back l. returning for Easter; zrobię to na jutro I'll do it for tomorrow.7. ( przeznaczenie) kosz na śmieci waste-paper basket; materiał na sukienkę dress material; koncert na fortepian muz. piano concerto; skrzynka na listy mailbox; Br. letter-box.8. ( sposób) with, by; walczyć na miecze fight with swords; kupować na raty buy on installments; kupować/sprzedawać na sztuki buy/sell by the piece.9. ( miara) 100 kilometrów na godzinę a hundred kilometers an hour/per hour; szeroki na dwa metry two meters wide; raz na rok once a year.10. (przyczyna, bodziec) on, upon, at, to; co ty na to? what do you say?, what would you say to that?; na żądanie on demand; na czyjąś prośbę/czyjś rozkaz on l. at sb's request/order; na widok kogoś/czegoś at the sight of sb/sth; na wieść o wypadku upon the news of the accident; odpowiedzieć na pytanie answer a question.11. ( podział) into, in; drzeć coś na kawałki tear sth into l. to pieces; dzielenie włosa na czworo przen. hair-splitting; dzielić/łamać/składać coś na pół divide/break/fold sth in half.14. ( cel) to, for, into; być przyjętym na (Uniwersytet) Yale be accepted at l. by Yale (University); dostać się na wydział chemii get into the chemistry department; iść na przyjęcie/zebranie go to a party/meeting; iść na ryby go fishing; iść na spacer go for a walk; jechać na wycieczkę go on an excursion; wyskoczyć na miasto go out, go into town.15. ( w utarych zwrotach) na dobitkę to crown it all, to top it (all) off, on top of all that; na domiar złego to make matters worse; na przykład for example, for instance; jak na złość ironically; na zakończenie finally; na złamanie karku at breakneck speed l. pace, helter-skelter.16. ( w równoważnikach zdań) na pomoc! help!; na koń! mount up!; na zdrowie! ( toast) cheers!; ( odpowiedź na kichnięcie) bless you!prep.z przysłówkami, przymiotnikami i wyrazami nieodmiennymi3. ( sposób) na czczo on an empty stomach; na leżąco lying (down), reclining, prone; jajko na twardo hard-boiled egg; na wznak on the back.4. ( relacje przestrzenne) na zewnątrz (czegoś) outside (sth); na wprost (straight) on l. ahead; (= naprzeciw) opposite; na zachód/lewo ( o położeniu) to the west/left ( od czegoś of sth).5. ( w utartych zwrotach) wszystko na nic/na próżno (it's) all for nothing/in vain.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > na
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15 quaero
quaero (old orthogr. QVAIRO, Epitaphs of the Scipios, 6; for the original form and etym. quaeso, ĕre, v. quaeso), sīvi or sĭi, sītum, 3, v. a., to seek.I.Lit.A.In gen.: aliquem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 43 Vahl.); Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 3:B.te ipsum quaerebam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 3:escam in sterquilinio,
Phaedr. 3, 12 init. —In partic.1.To seek to get or procure, to seek or search for a thing, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 38:b.rem mercaturis faciendis,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 46.— Absol.:contrivi in quaerendo vitam atque aetatem meam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 15; 5, 3, 27; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 57; id. A. P. 170.—Transf., to get, procure, obtain, acquire a thing:2.uxores liberorum quaerendorum causā ducere,
Suet. Caes. 52:liberorum quaerundorum causā ei uxor data est,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 109; cf.:quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos,
id. Ps. 1, 1, 21.—To seek for something missing, to miss:3.Siciliam in uberrimā Siciliae parte,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:optatos Tyndaridas,
Prop. 1, 17, 18:Phoebi comam,
Tib. 2, 3, 20:amnes,
Stat. Th. 4, 703.—To ask, desire, with ut and subj.:II.quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationem quidnam istis agendum putem,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4.—Trop.A.In gen., to seek, i. e. to think over, meditate, aim at, plan a thing:B.dum id quaero, tibi qui filium restituerem,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 83:quonam modo maxime ulti sanguinem nostrum pereamus,
Sall. C. 33,5:fugam,
Cic. Att. 7, 17, 1; id. Mur. 37, 80:sibi remedium ad rem aliquam,
id. Clu. 9, 27:de gratiā quid significares, mecum ipse quaerebam,
id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—With inf.:tristitiae causam si quis cognoscere quaerit,
seeks, strives, endeavors, Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 7; id. Am. 1, 8, 51; Hor. C. 3, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 1, 2 al.—In partic.1.To look for, seek to gain any thing; to get, acquire, obtain, procure:2.laudem sibi,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 74:salutem alicui malo,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 2:negabant ullā aliā in re nisi in naturā quaerendum esse illud summum bonum,
Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 19:pudentem exitum suae impudentiae,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2:invidiam in aliquem,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 46. —Of inanim. and abstr. subjects, to demand, need, require, = requirere:3. (α).quod cujusquam oratoris eloquentiam quaereret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 29:lites ex limitibus judicem quaerant,
Varr. R. R. 1, 15, 1:bellum dictatoriam majestatem quaesivisset,
Liv. 8, 30:quaerit Boeotia Dircen,
Ov. M. 2, 239. —With ab:(β).cum ab iis saepius quaereret,
made inquiries, Caes. B. G. 1, 32:quaero abs te nunc, Hortensi, cum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 191:quaesivit a medicis, quemadmodum se haberet,
Nep. Dion, 2, 4:a quo cum quaesisset, quo se deduci vellet,
id. Epam. 4, 5; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 22, 60. —With de:(γ).quaerebat paulo ante de me, quid, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 9, 18:de te ipso quaero, Vatini, utrum, etc.,
id. Vatin. 4, 10:quaero de te, arbitrerisne, etc.,
Liv. 4, 40:cura tibi de quo quaerere nulla fuit,
Ov. P. 4, 3, 18.—With ex:(δ).quaesivi ex Phaniā, quam in partem provinciae putaret, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 1:quaerit ex solo ea, quae, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18.—With a rel.-clause:4. a.ille baro te putabat quaesiturum, unum caelum esset an innumerabilia,
Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3:natura fieret laudabile carmen, an arte, Quaesitum est,
Hor. A. P. 409:quaeritur inter medicos, cujus generis aquae sint utilissimae,
Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 31.—With inf. (post-Aug.):b.e monte aliquo in alium transilire quaerens,
Plin. 8, 53, 79, § 214:qui mutare sedes quaerebant,
Tac. G. 2.—Transf., of animals, plants, etc., to desire, prefer, seek:5.salictum et harundinetum... umidum locum quaerunt,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 5:glires aridum locum quaerunt,
id. ib. 3, 15, 2; Col. 1, praef. §26: lupinum quaerit maxime sabulosa,
Plin. 18, 14, 36, § 134;so of the soil: ager aquosus plus stercoris quaerit,
demands, Pall. 1, 6, 15.—To examine or inquire into judicially, to investigate, institute an investigation; with [p. 1502] acc. (rare):b.hunc abduce, vinci, rem quaere,
Ter. Ad. 3 (4), 36:non dubitabat Minucius, quin iste (Verres) illo die rem illam quaesiturus non esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 72. —With de and abl. (class.; cf.Krebs, Autibarb. p. 962 sq.): de pecuniis repetundis,
Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 27:de morte alicujus,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119:de servo in dominum,
to question by torture, put to the rack, id. Mil. 22, 59:aliquid per tormenta,
Suet. Tib. 58:legibus,
to investigate according to the laws, impartially, Plin. Ep. 5, 21, 3. —Transf.: si quaeris, si quaerimus (prop., if we, or you, look well into the matter; if we, or you, would know the truth), to say the truth, in fact, to speak honestly:A.omnino, si quaeris, ludi apparatissimi,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2:at sunt morosi, et anxii, et difficiles senes: si quaerimus, etiam avari,
id. Sen. 18, 65:si quaeritis,
id. de Or. 2, 62, 254; so,too, si verum quaeris,
id. Fam. 12, 8, 1:si verum quaeritis,
id. de Or. 2, 34, 146:si verum quaerimus,
id. Tusc. 2, 23, 55: noli quaerere or quid quaeris? in short, in one word:noli quaerere: ita mihi pulcher hic dies visus est,
id. Fam. 4, 4, 3:quid quaeris? biduo factus est mihi familiaris,
id. ib. 3, 1, 2.— Hence, quaesītus, a, um, P. a., sought out.In a good sense, select, special, extraordinary (mostly post-Aug.): epulae quaesitissumae, Sall. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9, 9 (Sall. H. 2, 23, 4 Dietsch); comp.:B.leges quaesitiores (opp. simplices),
Tac. A. 3, 26:quaesitior adulatio,
id. ib. 3, 57.— Sup.:quaesitissimi honores,
Tac. A. 2, 53.—In a bad sense (opp. to what is natural), far-fetched, studied, affected, assumed (class.):C.vitabit etiam quaesita nec ex tempore ficta, sed domo allata, quae plerumque sunt frigida,
Cic. Or. 26, 89:ut numerus non quaesitus, sed ipse secutus esse videatur,
id. ib. 65, 219:comitas,
Tac. A. 6, 50:asperitas,
id. ib. 5, 3.—Subst.: quaesītum, i, n.1.A question ( poet.):2.accipe quaesiti causam,
Ov. M. 4, 793; id. F. 1, 278; Hor. S. 2, 6, 82.—A question as a rhetorical figure, = pusma, Mart. Cap. 5, § 524. -
16 Donald, Ian
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 27 December 1910 Paisley, Scotlandd. 19 June 1987 Paglesham, Essex, England[br]Scottish obstetrician and gynaecologist, pioneer of the diagnostic use of ultrasound in medicine.[br]After he received his initial education in Scotland, Donald's family moved to South Africa, where he obtained a BA degree in Cape Town in 1930. After the death of his parents he returned to England, graduating in medicine in 1937. He served in the RAF from 1942 to 1946 and was awarded the MBE for bravery in rescuing air-crews. In 1954, following a fruitful period as Reader and Lecturer at St Thomas's Hospital and the Hammersmith Hospital, he was appointed Regius Professor of Midwifery in Glasgow. It was while at St Thomas's and Hammersmith that he evolved a demand-response respirator for infants. With the assistance of Tom Brown, an engineer, and the company Kelvin Hughes—which had earlier produced ultrasound equipment for detecting flaws in metal castings—he was able to originate, develop and improve the diagnostic use of ultra-sound in obstetrics and gynaecology. The use of this technique rapidly spread into other disciplines. Donald was fortunate in that the procedure proved to have no untoward influence on pregnancy; at the time, little was known of possible side effects.He was the proponent of other advances in the speciality, including laparoscopy, breast-feeding and the preservation of the membranes during labour. An ardent anti-abortionist, his authoritarian Scottish approach made Glasgow a world centre, with himself as a renowned and loved teacher. Despite undergoing three major cardiac interventions, his longevity did not surprise those who knew of his immense vitality.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCBE 1973. Honorary DSc, London and Glasgow Universities. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Eardley Holland Gold Medal. Royal College of Surgeons Victor Bonney Prize. Royal Society of Medicine Blair Bell Gold Medal.Bibliography1958, "Investigation of abdominal masses by pulsed ultrasound", Lancet (with Brown and MacVicar).Numerous other papers in learned journals.Further ReadingObituary, 1987, Lancet (18 July).MG -
17 Science
It is a common notion, or at least it is implied in many common modes of speech, that the thoughts, feelings, and actions of sentient beings are not a subject of science.... This notion seems to involve some confusion of ideas, which it is necessary to begin by clearing up. Any facts are fitted, in themselves, to be a subject of science, which follow one another according to constant laws; although those laws may not have been discovered, nor even to be discoverable by our existing resources. (Mill, 1900, B. VI, Chap. 3, Sec. 1)One class of natural philosophers has always a tendency to combine the phenomena and to discover their analogies; another class, on the contrary, employs all its efforts in showing the disparities of things. Both tendencies are necessary for the perfection of science, the one for its progress, the other for its correctness. The philosophers of the first of these classes are guided by the sense of unity throughout nature; the philosophers of the second have their minds more directed towards the certainty of our knowledge. The one are absorbed in search of principles, and neglect often the peculiarities, and not seldom the strictness of demonstration; the other consider the science only as the investigation of facts, but in their laudable zeal they often lose sight of the harmony of the whole, which is the character of truth. Those who look for the stamp of divinity on every thing around them, consider the opposite pursuits as ignoble and even as irreligious; while those who are engaged in the search after truth, look upon the other as unphilosophical enthusiasts, and perhaps as phantastical contemners of truth.... This conflict of opinions keeps science alive, and promotes it by an oscillatory progress. (Oersted, 1920, p. 352)Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone. (Einstein & Infeld, 1938, p. 27)A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Planck, 1949, pp. 33-34)[Original quotation: "Eine neue wissenschaftliche Wahrheit pflegt sich nicht in der Weise durchzusetzen, dass ihre Gegner ueberzeugt werden und sich as belehrt erklaeren, sondern vielmehr dadurch, dass die Gegner allmaehlich aussterben und dass die heranwachsende Generation von vornherein mit der Wahrheit vertraut gemacht ist." (Planck, 1990, p. 15)]I had always looked upon the search for the absolute as the noblest and most worth while task of science. (Planck, 1949, p. 46)If you cannot-in the long run-tell everyone what you have been doing, your doing has been worthless. (SchroЁdinger, 1951, pp. 7-8)Even for the physicist the description in plain language will be a criterion of the degree of understanding that has been reached. (Heisenberg, 1958, p. 168)The old scientific ideal of episteґmeґ-of absolutely certain, demonstrable knowledge-has proved to be an idol. The demand for scientific objectivity makes it inevitable that every scientific statement must remain tentative forever. It may indeed be corroborated, but every corroboration is relative to other statements which, again, are tentative. Only in our subjective experiences of conviction, in our subjective faith, can we be "absolutely certain." (Popper, 1959, p. 280)The layman, taught to revere scientists for their absolute respect for the observed facts, and for the judiciously detached and purely provisional manner in which they hold scientific theories (always ready to abandon a theory at the sight of any contradictory evidence) might well have thought that, at Miller's announcement of this overwhelming evidence of a "positive effect" [indicating that the speed of light is not independent from the motion of the observer, as Einstein's theory of relativity demands] in his presidential address to the American Physical Society on December 29th, 1925, his audience would have instantly abandoned the theory of relativity. Or, at the very least, that scientists-wont to look down from the pinnacle of their intellectual humility upon the rest of dogmatic mankind-might suspend judgment in this matter until Miller's results could be accounted for without impairing the theory of relativity. But no: by that time they had so well closed their minds to any suggestion which threatened the new rationality achieved by Einstein's world-picture, that it was almost impossible for them to think again in different terms. Little attention was paid to the experiments, the evidence being set aside in the hope that it would one day turn out to be wrong. (Polanyi, 1958, pp. 12-13)The practice of normal science depends on the ability, acquired from examplars, to group objects and situations into similarity sets which are primitive in the sense that the grouping is done without an answer to the question, "Similar with respect to what?" (Kuhn, 1970, p. 200)Science in general... does not consist in collecting what we already know and arranging it in this or that kind of pattern. It consists in fastening upon something we do not know, and trying to discover it. (Collingwood, 1972, p. 9)Scientific fields emerge as the concerns of scientists congeal around various phenomena. Sciences are not defined, they are recognized. (Newell, 1973a, p. 1)This is often the way it is in physics-our mistake is not that we take our theories too seriously, but that we do not take them seriously enough. I do not think it is possible really to understand the successes of science without understanding how hard it is-how easy it is to be led astray, how difficult it is to know at any time what is the next thing to be done. (Weinberg, 1977, p. 49)Science is wonderful at destroying metaphysical answers, but incapable of providing substitute ones. Science takes away foundations without providing a replacement. Whether we want to be there or not, science has put us in a position of having to live without foundations. It was shocking when Nietzsche said this, but today it is commonplace; our historical position-and no end to it is in sight-is that of having to philosophize without "foundations." (Putnam, 1987, p. 29)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Science
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