contraria

aggressĭo ( adg-), ōnis, f. [aggredior].

A going to or toward a thing (very rare; in the class. per. only in rhet. lang. for a proëm, introduction to a speech, = prooemium): cumque animos primā adgressione occupaverit, infirmabit excludetque contraria, * Cic. Or. 15, 50.—Also a rhetorical syllogism, Gr. epicheirêma, Quint. 5, 10, 4; 28, 14, 27.—

An attack, assault (cf. aggredior, II. B.), App. M. 8, p. 208, 27 Elm.

āio, verb. defect. The forms in use are: pres. indic. āio, ăis, ait—aiunt; subj. aias, aiat—aiant; imperf. indic. throughout, aiebam, aiebas, etc.; imper. ai, rare; part. pres. aiens, rare; once in App. M. 6, p. 178 Elm.; and once as P. a. in Cic. Top. 11, 49, v. below. Cic. wrote the pres. aiio, acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 11.—From ais with the interrog. part. ne, ain is used in colloquial language. For imperf. also aibas, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 28; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 22:

aibat,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 33; 5, 2, 16:

aibant,

id. ib. 1, 2, 175; 4, 2, 102; Ter. And. 3, 3, 3; ai is dissyl., but in the imper. also monosyl., Plaut. Truc. 5, 49; cf. Bentl. ad Ter. Ad. 4, 6, 5. Acc. to Prisc. 818 P., the pres. ait seems to take the place of a perf., but acc. to Val. Prob. 1482 P., there was a real perf. ai, aisti, ait;

as aisti,

Aug. Ep. 54 and 174:

aierunt,

Tert. Fuga in Persec. 6; the pres. inf. aiere is found in Aug. Trin. 9, 10 [cf. êmi = I say; Sanscr. perf. 3d sing. āha = he spake; ad ag ium, ad ag io; negare for ne ig are; Umbr. ai tu = dicito; Engl. aye = yea, yes, and Germ. ja], to say yes, to assent (opp. nego, to say no; with the ending - tumo, aiutumo; contract. autumo; opp. negumo; v. autumo).

In gen.: vel ai vel nega, Naev. ap. Prisc. 473 P.:

veltu mihi aias vel neges,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 14:

negat quis? nego. Ait? aio,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 21:

Diogenes ait, Antipater negat,

Cic. Off. 3, 23:

quasi ego id curem, quid ille aiat aut neget,

id. Fin. 2, 22; so id. Rab. Post. 12, 34.—

Esp.

To say, affirm, or assert something (while dicere signifies to speak in order to inform, and affirmare, to speak in affirmation, Doed. Syn. 4, 6 sq.—Therefore different from inquam, I say, I reply, since aio is commonly used in indirect, and inquam in direct discourse; cf. Doed. as cited above; Herz. ad Sall. C. 48, 3; and Ramsh. Gr. 800).

In indirect discourse: insanam autem illam (sc. esse) aiunt, quia, etc., Pac. ap. Cic. Her. 2, 23, 36; Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 3: Ch. Hodie uxorem ducis? Pa. Aiunt, they say so, id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

ait hac laetitiā Deiotarum elatum vino se obruisse,

Cic. Deiot. 9:

debere eum aiebat, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18:

Tarquinium a Cicerone immissum aiebant,

Sall. C. 48, 8:

Vos sapere et solos aio bene vivere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 45; id. S. 1, 2, 121; id. Ep. 1, 1, 88; 1, 7, 22.—

In direct discourse: Ennio delector, ait quispiam, quod non discedit a communi more verborum;

Pacuvio, inquit alius,

Cic. Or. 11, 36:

Vos o, quibus integer aevi Sanguis, ait, solidaeque, etc.,

Verg. A. 2, 639; 6, 630; 7, 121;

12, 156: O fortunati mercatores! gravis annis Miles ait,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 4; id. Ep. 1, 15, 40; 1, 16, 47; id. S. 2, 7, 72; 1, 3, 22.—

With acc.:

Causa optumast, Nisi quid pater ait aliud,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 47:

Admirans ait haec,

Cat. 5, 3, 4; 63, 84:

Haec ait,

Verg. A. 1, 297; v. B.—

Simply to speak, and esp. in the form of transition, sic ait, thus he speaks or says (cf. the Hom. hôs phato):

Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat,

Verg. A. 1, 142; 5, 365; 9, 749.—

Also of what follows: Sic ait in molli fixa toro cubitum: “Tandem,” etc.,

Prop. 1, 3, 34.—

Ut ait quispiam (regularly in this order in Cic.), in quoting an unusual expression, as one says:

ut ait Statius noster in Synephebis,

Cic. Sen. 7:

ut ait Homerus,

id. ib. 10:

ut ait Theophrastus,

id. Tusc. 1, 19, 45:

ut ait Thucydides,

Nep. Them. 2:

ut ait Cicero,

Quint. 7, 1, 51; 8, 6, 73; 9, 4, 40;

9, 56, 60: ut Cicero ait,

id. 10, 7, 14; 12, 3, 11:

ut Demosthenes ait,

id. 11, 1, 22:

ut rumor ait,

Prop. 5, 4, 47: uti mos vester ait, Hor S. 2, 7, 79.—So without def. subject:

ut ait in Synephebis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31.—

Aiunt, ut aiunt, quemadmodum or quod aiunt, in quoting a proverbial or technical phrase, as they say, as is said, as the saying is (Gr. to legomenon, hôs phasi; Fr. on dit;

Germ. man sagt), either placed after it or interposed: eum rem fidemque perdere aiunt,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18: ut quimus, aiunt;

quando, ut volumus, non licet,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 10:

docebo sus, ut aiunt, oratorem eum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 57:

Iste claudus, quemadmodum aiunt, pilam,

id. Pis. 28 B. and K. —Also in telling an anecdote:

conspexit, ut aiunt, Adrasum quendam vacuā tonsoris in umbrā,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; 1, 17, 18.—

In judic. lang.: ait lex, ait praetor, etc., the law, the prœtor says, i. e. prescribes, commands:

ut ait lex Julia,

Dig. 24, 3, 64:

Praetor ait, in eadem causā eum exhibere, etc.,

ib. 2, 9, 1:

Aiunt aediles, qui mancipia vendunt, etc.,

ib. 21, 1, 1:

Ait oratio, fas esse eum, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 32 al. —

Ain? = aisne? also often strengthened: ain tu? ain tute? ain tandem? ain vero? in conversational lang., a form of interrogation which includes the idea of surprise or wonder, sometimes also of reproof or sorrow, do you really mean so? indeed? really? is it possible? often only an emphatic what? Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 73: Merc. Servus esne an liber? Sos. Utcumque animo conlibitumst meo. Merc. Ain vero? Sos. Aio enim vero, id. ib. 3, 4, 188; id. Am. 1, 1, 128: Phil. Pater, inquam, aderit jam hic meus. Call. Ain tu, pater? id. Most. 2, 1, 36; id. Ep. 5, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 2, 9; id. Curc. 2, 3, 44; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 1; id. Eun. 3, 5, 19 al:

Ain tu? Scipio hic Metellus proavum suum nescit censorem non fuisse?

Cic. Att. 6, 1; 4, 5 al.:

ain tute,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 90:

ain tandem ita esse, ut dicis?

id. Aul. 2, 4, 19; so id. As. 5, 2, 47; id. Trin. 4, 2, 145; Ter. And. 5, 3, 4:

ain tandem? insanire tibi videris, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21 Manut.; id. Att. 6, 2.—Also with a plur. verb (cf. age with plur. verb, s. v. ago, IV. a.):

ain tandem? inquit, num castra vallata non habetis?

Liv. 10, 25.—

Quid ais? (as in conversation).—

With the idea of surprise, astonishment, Ti legeis (cf. Quid dixisti? Ter. And. 3, 4, 14; id. Eun. 5, 6, 16, Ti eipas); what do you say? what? Merc. Quis herus est igitur tibi? Sos. Amphitruo, quicum nuptast Alcumena. Merc. Quid ais? Quid nomen tibist? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 208; so Ter. And. 4, 1, 42; id. Heaut. 5, 1, 27.—

When one asks [p. 79] another for his meaning, opinion, or judgment, what do you mean? what do you say or think? Th. Ita me di ament, honestust. Pa. Quid tu ais, Gnatho? Num quid habes, quod contemnas? Quid tu autem, Thraso? Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 21: Hunc ais? Do you mean this man? (= dicis, q. v., II.) Pers. 4, 27.—

When one wishes to try or prove another, what is your opinion? what do you say? Sed quid ais? quid Amphitruoni [dono] a Telebois datumst? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 262.—Hence, * āiens, entis, P. a., affirming, affirmative (usu. affirmativus):

negantia contraria aientibus,

Cic. Top. 11, 49.

cŏ-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cling together, to be united, either of that whose parts cling together, to cohere, or of that which cleaves to something else, to adhere.

Of a whole as composed of parts, or of the parts of a whole, to cling together, be united, to cohere, press or crowd together.

Lit.

In gen.:

mundus ita apte cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, nisi ab eodem a quo est colligatus,

Cic. Univ. 5:

omnia autem duo ad cohaerendum tertium aliquid anquirunt et quasi nodum vinculumque desiderant,

id. ib. 4:

neque enim materiam ipsam cohaerere potuisse, si nullā vi contineretur,

id. Ac. 1, 6, 24:

omni naturā cohaerente et continuatā,

id. ib. 1, 7, 28:

nec res ulla magis primoribus ex elementis Indupedita suis arte conexa cohaeret Quam validi ferri natura,

Lucr. 6, 1010:

solidā primordia... Quae minimis stipata cohaerent partibus arte,

id. 1, 610; 2, 67:

inter se juga velut serie cohaerentia,

continuous, Curt. 7, 3, 21.—Of persons in a throng, etc.:

alii extremo complexu suorum cohaerentes,

Quint. 8, 3, 68;

so of soldiers in line of battle: conferti et quasi cohaerentes tela vibrare non poterant,

Curt. 3, 11, 4;

and of two contending armies: duae quippe acies ita cohaerebant, ut armis arma pulsarent,

id. 3, 11, 5;

of ships: binas quadriremes Macedones inter se ita junxerant, ut prorae cohaererent,

id. 4, 3, 14: conexis et cohaerentibus aedificiis, * Tac. G. 16.—

Pregn., to consist in or of, be composed of; with abl. (rare):

cum alia quibus cohaererent homines e mortali genere sumpserint, quae fragilia essent et caduca, animum esse ingeneratum a deo,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.: mundus omnibus partibus inter se congruentibus cohaeret et nititur, etc., Cic. Leg. ap. Lact. 5, 8, 10.—

Trop.

Of persons united by kindred, friendship, etc., to be near, close, united:

turpes ac perniciosos, etiamsi nobis sanguine cohaereant, amputandos,

Quint. 8, 3, 75:

est enim mihi perjucundum quod viri optimi mihique amicissimi adeo cohaesistis ut invicem vos obligari putetis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 7, 1.—

Of things.

In discourse, to belong together, be closely connected:

quae... si suis quaeque temporibus reddere voluero, interrumpendae sunt res Asiae, quas... sicut inter se cohaerent, ita opere ipso conjungi aptius videri potest,

Curt. 5, 1, 2.—

In thought, to be consistent, agree together:

em, Paululum obsoni, ipsus tristis, de inproviso nuptiae—Non cohaerent,

i.e. cannot all be here at once, Ter. And. 2, 2, 24:

tam eras excors, ut... non modo non cohaerentia inter se diceres, sed maxime dijuncta atque contraria,

Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18:

dubitandum non est quin numquam possit utilitas cum honestate contendere. Itaque accepimus Socratem exsecrari solitum eos qui primum haec naturā cohaerentia opinione distraxissent,

id. Off. 3, 3, 11:

non quaero jam, verumne sit: illud dico, ea, quae dicat, praeclare inter se cohaerere,

id. Fin. 5, 27, 79:

animadvertisti, quam multa dicta sint, quamque, etiam si minus vera, tamen apta inter se et cohaerentia,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 4:

male cohaerens cogitatio,

Quint. 10, 6, 6:

sensus inter se juncti, atque ita cohaerentes, ne, etc.,

id. 7, 10, 16; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 63:

sermo hercule familiaris et cottidianus non cohaerebit, si verba inter nos aucupamur,

have a consistent meaning, be intelligible, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52:

vix diserti adulescentis cohaerebat oratio,

id. Cael. 7, 15; and of harmony in the arrangement of words: conlocabuntur igitur verba, ut aut inter se aptissime cohaereant extrema cum primis eaque sint quam suavissimis vocibus, etc., id. Or. 44, 149:

haec collocatio verborum... quae junctam orationem efficit, quae cohaerentem, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 43, 172; Quint. 9, 4, 66.—

Pregn., to hold together, i.e. remain, exist, maintain itself:

omnibus modis fulciendi sunt, qui ruunt nec cohaerere possunt propter magnitudinem aegritudinis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61:

virtutes sine vitā beatā cohaerere non possunt, nec sine virtute vita beata,

id. ib. 5, 28, 80:

vix haec, si undique fulciamus, jam labefacta... nixa in omnium nostrum umeris cohaerebunt,

id. Har. Resp. 27, 60.—

To cling closely to something else, to adhere, be connected with, cleave to, be in contact with, etc.

Lit.

With dat.:

temptanti dextera flxa est Cuspide Marmaridae Corythi, lignoque cohaesit,

Ov. M. 5, 125; 11, 76:

nec equo mea membra cohaerent,

id. Am. 1, 4, 9:

scopuloque affixa cohaesit,

id. M. 4, 553:

fructus quamdiu solo cohaerent,

Dig. 47, 2, 63:

superficies... quae natura solo cohaeret,

ib. 44, 7, 44, § 1 fin.:

quippe turris... muris hostium propemodum cohaerebat,

Curt. 4, 4, 11:

experimentum marmorati est in subigendo donec rutro non cohaereat,

Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

qui cohaerent Mesopotamiae Rhoali vocantur,

adjoin, id. 5, 24, 21, § 87.—

With cum and abl.:

quidquid enim sequitur quamque rem, id cohaeret cum re necessario,

Cic. Top. 12, 53.—

With in and abl.:

cohaerentis videmus in conchis (margaritas), etc.,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109.—

Absol.:

jamque ea (navis) quae non cohaerebat,

i.e. which did not collide, Curt. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop., to be closely connected with, in agreement or harmony with something else, to be consistent with:

quod illa, quae prima dicuntur, si vehementer velis congruere et cohaerere cum causā, ex eis ducas oportet, quae post dicenda sunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19:

si continget, etiam (id quod fingemus) verae alicui rei cohaereat,

Quint. 4, 2, 89:

ut non tamquam citharoedi prooemium adfictum aliquid, sed cohaerens cum omni corpore membrum videatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

creditis tot gentes... non sacris, non moribus, non commercio linguae nobiscum cohaerentes, eodem proelio domitas esse, etc.,

Curt. 6, 3, 8:

potentia male cohaerens inter Pompeium et Caesarem,

Vell. 2, 47, 2.—

To be vitally connected with, to depend upon a thing; with abl.:

sed ita legibus Sullae cohaerere statum civitatis adfirmat, ut iis solutis stare ipsa non possit,

Quint. 11, 1, 85.—Hence,

cŏhae-rens, entis, P. a. (cohering, i.e.), being in accord, corresponding:

aptius et cohaerentius,

Gell. 1, 1, 6.—

cŏhaerenter, adv., continuously, uninterruptedly:

dimicatum est,

Flor. 2, 17, 5.—

cŏhaesus, a, um. P. a., pressed together:

quercus stricta denuo et cohaesa,

Gell. 15, 16, 4.

cŏ-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cling together, to be united, either of that whose parts cling together, to cohere, or of that which cleaves to something else, to adhere.

Of a whole as composed of parts, or of the parts of a whole, to cling together, be united, to cohere, press or crowd together.

Lit.

In gen.:

mundus ita apte cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, nisi ab eodem a quo est colligatus,

Cic. Univ. 5:

omnia autem duo ad cohaerendum tertium aliquid anquirunt et quasi nodum vinculumque desiderant,

id. ib. 4:

neque enim materiam ipsam cohaerere potuisse, si nullā vi contineretur,

id. Ac. 1, 6, 24:

omni naturā cohaerente et continuatā,

id. ib. 1, 7, 28:

nec res ulla magis primoribus ex elementis Indupedita suis arte conexa cohaeret Quam validi ferri natura,

Lucr. 6, 1010:

solidā primordia... Quae minimis stipata cohaerent partibus arte,

id. 1, 610; 2, 67:

inter se juga velut serie cohaerentia,

continuous, Curt. 7, 3, 21.—Of persons in a throng, etc.:

alii extremo complexu suorum cohaerentes,

Quint. 8, 3, 68;

so of soldiers in line of battle: conferti et quasi cohaerentes tela vibrare non poterant,

Curt. 3, 11, 4;

and of two contending armies: duae quippe acies ita cohaerebant, ut armis arma pulsarent,

id. 3, 11, 5;

of ships: binas quadriremes Macedones inter se ita junxerant, ut prorae cohaererent,

id. 4, 3, 14: conexis et cohaerentibus aedificiis, * Tac. G. 16.—

Pregn., to consist in or of, be composed of; with abl. (rare):

cum alia quibus cohaererent homines e mortali genere sumpserint, quae fragilia essent et caduca, animum esse ingeneratum a deo,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.: mundus omnibus partibus inter se congruentibus cohaeret et nititur, etc., Cic. Leg. ap. Lact. 5, 8, 10.—

Trop.

Of persons united by kindred, friendship, etc., to be near, close, united:

turpes ac perniciosos, etiamsi nobis sanguine cohaereant, amputandos,

Quint. 8, 3, 75:

est enim mihi perjucundum quod viri optimi mihique amicissimi adeo cohaesistis ut invicem vos obligari putetis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 7, 1.—

Of things.

In discourse, to belong together, be closely connected:

quae... si suis quaeque temporibus reddere voluero, interrumpendae sunt res Asiae, quas... sicut inter se cohaerent, ita opere ipso conjungi aptius videri potest,

Curt. 5, 1, 2.—

In thought, to be consistent, agree together:

em, Paululum obsoni, ipsus tristis, de inproviso nuptiae—Non cohaerent,

i.e. cannot all be here at once, Ter. And. 2, 2, 24:

tam eras excors, ut... non modo non cohaerentia inter se diceres, sed maxime dijuncta atque contraria,

Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18:

dubitandum non est quin numquam possit utilitas cum honestate contendere. Itaque accepimus Socratem exsecrari solitum eos qui primum haec naturā cohaerentia opinione distraxissent,

id. Off. 3, 3, 11:

non quaero jam, verumne sit: illud dico, ea, quae dicat, praeclare inter se cohaerere,

id. Fin. 5, 27, 79:

animadvertisti, quam multa dicta sint, quamque, etiam si minus vera, tamen apta inter se et cohaerentia,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 4:

male cohaerens cogitatio,

Quint. 10, 6, 6:

sensus inter se juncti, atque ita cohaerentes, ne, etc.,

id. 7, 10, 16; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 63:

sermo hercule familiaris et cottidianus non cohaerebit, si verba inter nos aucupamur,

have a consistent meaning, be intelligible, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52:

vix diserti adulescentis cohaerebat oratio,

id. Cael. 7, 15; and of harmony in the arrangement of words: conlocabuntur igitur verba, ut aut inter se aptissime cohaereant extrema cum primis eaque sint quam suavissimis vocibus, etc., id. Or. 44, 149:

haec collocatio verborum... quae junctam orationem efficit, quae cohaerentem, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 43, 172; Quint. 9, 4, 66.—

Pregn., to hold together, i.e. remain, exist, maintain itself:

omnibus modis fulciendi sunt, qui ruunt nec cohaerere possunt propter magnitudinem aegritudinis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61:

virtutes sine vitā beatā cohaerere non possunt, nec sine virtute vita beata,

id. ib. 5, 28, 80:

vix haec, si undique fulciamus, jam labefacta... nixa in omnium nostrum umeris cohaerebunt,

id. Har. Resp. 27, 60.—

To cling closely to something else, to adhere, be connected with, cleave to, be in contact with, etc.

Lit.

With dat.:

temptanti dextera flxa est Cuspide Marmaridae Corythi, lignoque cohaesit,

Ov. M. 5, 125; 11, 76:

nec equo mea membra cohaerent,

id. Am. 1, 4, 9:

scopuloque affixa cohaesit,

id. M. 4, 553:

fructus quamdiu solo cohaerent,

Dig. 47, 2, 63:

superficies... quae natura solo cohaeret,

ib. 44, 7, 44, § 1 fin.:

quippe turris... muris hostium propemodum cohaerebat,

Curt. 4, 4, 11:

experimentum marmorati est in subigendo donec rutro non cohaereat,

Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

qui cohaerent Mesopotamiae Rhoali vocantur,

adjoin, id. 5, 24, 21, § 87.—

With cum and abl.:

quidquid enim sequitur quamque rem, id cohaeret cum re necessario,

Cic. Top. 12, 53.—

With in and abl.:

cohaerentis videmus in conchis (margaritas), etc.,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109.—

Absol.:

jamque ea (navis) quae non cohaerebat,

i.e. which did not collide, Curt. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop., to be closely connected with, in agreement or harmony with something else, to be consistent with:

quod illa, quae prima dicuntur, si vehementer velis congruere et cohaerere cum causā, ex eis ducas oportet, quae post dicenda sunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19:

si continget, etiam (id quod fingemus) verae alicui rei cohaereat,

Quint. 4, 2, 89:

ut non tamquam citharoedi prooemium adfictum aliquid, sed cohaerens cum omni corpore membrum videatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

creditis tot gentes... non sacris, non moribus, non commercio linguae nobiscum cohaerentes, eodem proelio domitas esse, etc.,

Curt. 6, 3, 8:

potentia male cohaerens inter Pompeium et Caesarem,

Vell. 2, 47, 2.—

To be vitally connected with, to depend upon a thing; with abl.:

sed ita legibus Sullae cohaerere statum civitatis adfirmat, ut iis solutis stare ipsa non possit,

Quint. 11, 1, 85.—Hence,

cŏhae-rens, entis, P. a. (cohering, i.e.), being in accord, corresponding:

aptius et cohaerentius,

Gell. 1, 1, 6.—

cŏhaerenter, adv., continuously, uninterruptedly:

dimicatum est,

Flor. 2, 17, 5.—

cŏhaesus, a, um. P. a., pressed together:

quercus stricta denuo et cohaesa,

Gell. 15, 16, 4.

commūtābĭlis, e, adj. [commuto], subject to change, changeable (class.).

In gen.:

cera,

Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 30:

haec imbecilla et commutabilis pecunia,

id. Par. 1, 1, 7:

commutabilis, varius, multiplex animus,

id. Lael. 25, 92:

ratio vitae,

id. Mil. 26, 69:

principia verbi,

Varr. L. L. 9. § 99 Müll.—

In rhet.:

exordium quod ab adversario potest, leviter mutatum, ex contrariā parte dici, = commune,

Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; so * Quint. 4, 1, 71.

com-mūto ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To alter wholly, change entirely (class.; most freq. in Cic.).

Prop.:

omnia migrant, Omnia commutat natura et vortere cogit,

Lucr. 5, 829; 1, 594; 1, 589;

2, 936: signa rerum,

Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

frontem et vultum,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 11, 42:

vocem,

Suet. Tib. 71:

quae commutantur fiuntque contraria,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31.—Of fruits, to decay, spoil, Varr. R. R. 1, 69, 1.—

Esp. rhet. t. t., to change one ' s form of expression: commutabimus tripliciter, verbis, pronuntiando, tractando, i. e. vary our style, etc., Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54.—

Trop.:

ad commutandos animos atque omni ratione flectendos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52, 211:

nihil commutantur animo et idem abeunt qui venerant,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; id. Att. 16, 5, 2.—

To exchange something with another, to change, interchange, replace, substitute, barter, traffic.

In gen., constr. with acc. alone, or with inter se, cum and abl., or abl. alone, or absol.

With acc.:

conmuto ilico pallium,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 36:

ubi aetate hoc caput colorem conmutavit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 44:

coloniam,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 40:

locum,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 3:

captivos,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf.:

inter se conmutant vestem ac nomina,

interchange, Plaut. Capt. prol. 37:

ornamenta templorum,

Suet. Vit. 5; id. Aug. 24.—

With cum and abl.

Of person:

(loricam) secum,

Just. 3, 1, 8.—

Of thing:

gloriam constantiae cum caritate patriae,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37: mortem cum vitā, Sulp. ap. id. Fam. 4, 5, 3.—

With pro and abl.:

(litteras) D pro A,

Suet. Caes. 56:

vinum pro oleo,

Dig. 2, 15, 8 fin. —

With abl.:

nisi oculos orationemque aliam conmutas tibi,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 56:

fidem suam et religionem pecuniā,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129:

ornandi causā proprium (verbum) proprio,

id. de Or. 3, 42, 167:

possessionis invidiam pecuniā,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 14:

leve compendium fraude maximā,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; cf.: hanc esse rem, quae si sit semel judicata, neque alio commutari... possit, replaced, i. e. made good, Cic. Inv. 1, 53, 102:

victum vitamque priorem novis rebus,

Lucr. 5, 1106:

studium belli gerendi agriculturā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

mustum aere,

Col. 12, 26, 2.—

Absol., to make an exchange:

vin conmutemus? Tuam ego ducam et tu meam?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 21:

si quid de se diceretur, non dubitaret interpellare et commutare,

to change the subject, Suet. Tib. 27.—

Esp. of speech, to exchange words, to discourse, converse (so only twice in Ter.; cf.

commutatio, II.): unum verbum tecum,

Ter. And. 2, 4, 7:

non tria Verba inter vos,

id. Phorm. 4, 3, 34.

con-firmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make firm, establish, strengthen, confirm (class., esp. in prose).

In gen. (prop. and trop.):

stipites confirmare et stabilire,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73:

ali hōc vires nervosque confirmari putant,

id. ib. 6, 21:

dentis mobilis,

Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 178; cf. Scrib. Comp. 57; 59 sq.:

confirmare et densare defluentem capillum,

Plin. 25, 11, 83, § 132:

crus debile,

Suet. Vesp. 7; cf. id. Aug. 80:

maxime religando confirmant parietum soliditatem,

Vitr. 2, 8, 7:

castellum magnis munitionibus multisque tormentis, Auct. B. Alex. 21, 5: intestina,

i. e. to heal, cure, Cels. 4, 19:

cicatriculam,

id. 2, 10 fin.: se, to recover physically, to grow well (corresp. with convalescere), Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; 16, 3, 1; 16, 4, 4; 16, 1, 1.— Transf., of the vine, Col. 4, 3, 4:

valetudinem,

Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2:

pacem et amicitiam cum proximis civitatibus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3; cf.:

confirmare societatem datā ac acceptā fide,

Sall. C. 44, 3:

opes factionis,

id. ib. 32, 2; cf.:

viris suas,

Vell. 2, 44, 2:

suam manum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24:

se transmarinis auxiliis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 29:

conjurationem,

Nep. Dion, 8, 3:

regnum Persarum,

id. Milt. 3, 5; so,

regnum,

Suet. Caes. 9:

imperium,

id. Vit. 9:

decreta,

to confirm, Nep. Phoc. 3, 2:

acta Caesaris,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:

acta alicujus in transmarinis provinciis,

Vell. 2, 44, 2:

beneficia edicto,

Suet. Tit. 8:

provinciam a Caesare datam,

id. Aug. 10.—

Esp.

To confirm or strengthen courage, to instil courage into one, to encourage, inspirit, animate, embolden:

animum meum,

to take heart, take courage, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 1:

animum sapientissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2; id. Quint. 24, 77:

maximi animi hominem,

id. ib. 4, 8, 1:

animos ratione,

Lucr. 1, 426:

confirmare et excitare afflictos animos bonorum,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:

animos Gallorum verbis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33; Sall. C. 46, 3:

vacillantium gentium animos,

Vell. 2, 120, 1:

suos ad dimicandum animo,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49:

milites,

id. ib. 5, 52:

timentes,

id. ib. 7, 7; cf.:

diffidentem rebus suis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

territos,

Sall. J. 38, 5:

perterritos,

Suet. Caes. 66; id. Aug. 43:

Massilienses obsidione laborantes adventu suo,

id. Ner. 2:

animum suum ad virtutem,

Auct. Her. 4, 22, 31 Klotz (al. conformavit):

nepotem suum ad successionem imperii,

Suet. Tib. 55 fin.:

nunc erige te et confirma,

take courage, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 5:

cum ipse te confirmasses,

hast acquired courage, id. Quint. 11, 39; cf.:

confirmant ipsi se,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 1, 14 al.:

eos multa pollicendo confirmat, uti Romam pergerent,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

alius alium confirmare, ne nomina darent,

Liv. 2, 24, 2.— Aliquem alicui rei: gladiatores Lentulus libertati confirmat, encourages them to freedom, i. e. incites them to make themselves worthy of freedom, Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4 dub. (Dinter and Kraner:

spe libertatis).—With abstr. objects: reliqui temporis spem,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 22, 71:

spem alicujus,

Suet. Calig. 12:

suspitionem,

id. Tib. 52; cf.:

sensus rectus et confirmatus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2.—

To confirm one in his disposition or feelings, in his fidelity (rare):

insulas bene animatas,

Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

homines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

Gallias,

Vell. 2, 120.—

To confirm, give full assurance of, a fact, corroborate an assertion, settle, fix, establish, to prove, demonstrate the truth of a thing, etc. (very freq.):

confirmare nostra argumentis ac rationibus, deinde contraria refutare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80;

so opp. refutare,

Quint. 5, prooem. § 2; 5, 13, 53; cf.

opp. refellere,

id. 3, 9, 6; 12, 1, 45;

opp. diluere,

id. 9, 2, 80:

confirmare aut infirmare rem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49:

divinationem,

id. Div. 1, 32, 71; cf. id. ib. 2, 32, 78:

quorum omnium testimoniis de hac Dionis pecuniā confirmatum est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 23:

crimen commenticium,

id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:

haec istius vituperatio atque infamia confirmabatur eorum sermone, qui, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 101:

perjurium,

id. ib. 2, 4, 9, §

19: iste locus est tibi etiam atque etiam confirmandus,

id. Fin. 5, 32, 95:

his rebus confirmatis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 6 Kraner ad loc. —With acc. and inf., Lucr. 2, 185; cf. id. 2, [p. 415] 179; 5, 198.— Pass. impers., with ne:

sanctissimo jurejurando confirmari oportere, ne tecto recipiatur, qui non, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.:

hoc idem visum esse ex superioribus castellis confirmaverunt,

id. B. C. 3, 67; cf.:

hoc ex ipsis caeli rationibus ausim Confirmare, nequaquam esse creatam, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 179.—Hence,

To assert, affirm, protest something as true or certain; constr. with acc., acc. and inf., or de:

hoc cum mihi non modo confirmasset, sed etiam persuasisset,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

talem exsistere eloquentiam non potuisse confirmo,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 6.—So with acc. and inf., Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 50; cf.:

illud se polliceri et jurejurando confirmare, tutum iter per fines suos daturum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

confirmare, fidem publicam per sese inviolatam fore,

Sall. J. 33, 3:

memini me audire te de glorioso et celeri reditu meo confirmare,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—So with de, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; id. Arch. 7, 15.—Hence, confirmātus, a, um, P. a.

(In acc. with II. A.) Encouraged, courageous, resolute:

animus certus et confirmatus,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77; so,

sensus rectus et confirmatus,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 2:

confirmatiorem exercitum efficere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84.—

(Acc. to II. C.) Asserted, affirmed:

in quibus (litteris) erat confirmatius idem illud, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 15, 1.—

(Proved; hence,) Certain, credible:

quod eo confirmatius erit, si, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 2, 11, 35: fides confirmatissima, most fixed, Porph. ad Hor. S. 1, 5, 27.—

* Adv.: confirmātē (in acc. with I.), firmly, Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16.

com-mūto ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To alter wholly, change entirely (class.; most freq. in Cic.).

Prop.:

omnia migrant, Omnia commutat natura et vortere cogit,

Lucr. 5, 829; 1, 594; 1, 589;

2, 936: signa rerum,

Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

frontem et vultum,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 11, 42:

vocem,

Suet. Tib. 71:

quae commutantur fiuntque contraria,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31.—Of fruits, to decay, spoil, Varr. R. R. 1, 69, 1.—

Esp. rhet. t. t., to change one ' s form of expression: commutabimus tripliciter, verbis, pronuntiando, tractando, i. e. vary our style, etc., Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54.—

Trop.:

ad commutandos animos atque omni ratione flectendos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52, 211:

nihil commutantur animo et idem abeunt qui venerant,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; id. Att. 16, 5, 2.—

To exchange something with another, to change, interchange, replace, substitute, barter, traffic.

In gen., constr. with acc. alone, or with inter se, cum and abl., or abl. alone, or absol.

With acc.:

conmuto ilico pallium,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 36:

ubi aetate hoc caput colorem conmutavit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 44:

coloniam,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 40:

locum,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 3:

captivos,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf.:

inter se conmutant vestem ac nomina,

interchange, Plaut. Capt. prol. 37:

ornamenta templorum,

Suet. Vit. 5; id. Aug. 24.—

With cum and abl.

Of person:

(loricam) secum,

Just. 3, 1, 8.—

Of thing:

gloriam constantiae cum caritate patriae,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37: mortem cum vitā, Sulp. ap. id. Fam. 4, 5, 3.—

With pro and abl.:

(litteras) D pro A,

Suet. Caes. 56:

vinum pro oleo,

Dig. 2, 15, 8 fin. —

With abl.:

nisi oculos orationemque aliam conmutas tibi,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 56:

fidem suam et religionem pecuniā,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129:

ornandi causā proprium (verbum) proprio,

id. de Or. 3, 42, 167:

possessionis invidiam pecuniā,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 14:

leve compendium fraude maximā,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; cf.: hanc esse rem, quae si sit semel judicata, neque alio commutari... possit, replaced, i. e. made good, Cic. Inv. 1, 53, 102:

victum vitamque priorem novis rebus,

Lucr. 5, 1106:

studium belli gerendi agriculturā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

mustum aere,

Col. 12, 26, 2.—

Absol., to make an exchange:

vin conmutemus? Tuam ego ducam et tu meam?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 21:

si quid de se diceretur, non dubitaret interpellare et commutare,

to change the subject, Suet. Tib. 27.—

Esp. of speech, to exchange words, to discourse, converse (so only twice in Ter.; cf.

commutatio, II.): unum verbum tecum,

Ter. And. 2, 4, 7:

non tria Verba inter vos,

id. Phorm. 4, 3, 34.

dē-clīno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [CLINO = klinô], orig. to bend from the straight path; to turn aside or away (freq. and class.).

Lit.

Act.:

ego modo declinavi paullum me extra viam,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 11; cf.:

sese rectā regione viai,

Lucr. 2, 250; and: se a terris omnia numina, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70:

lumina, Catull. 64, 91: agmen,

Liv. 1, 28; 36, 23:

nares in alteram partem,

Cels. 8, 5.— Poet. of the eyes, to bend down, i. e. to lower, close them in sleep: nec dulci declinat lumina somno, * Verg. A. 4, 185.—

Neutr.:

paulum ad dexteram de via declinavi, ut ad Pericli sepulcrum accederem,

Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5; id. Att. 14, 17, 2; Liv. 38, 20, 8.—So of the oblique motion of atoms (corresp. with oblique ferri): si omnes atomi declinabunt, nullae umquam cohaerescent;

sive aliae declinabunt, aliae suo nutu recte ferentur, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19 sq.; cf. id. Fat. 9, 18 (preceded by cur Epicurus atomos de via deducat):

quae nova causa in natura est, qua declinet atomus? 20, 46 (the reading quae declinet atomum is wrong),

id. N. D. 1, 25.—

Trop.

In gen.

Act., to turn aside: neque (mulierem) declinatam quicquam ab aliarum ingenio ullam reperias, who has departed, deviated, * Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

quaedam verborum flgurae paulum figuris sententiarum declinantur,

Quint. 9, 3, 88; id. 10, 3, 33:

neque spe, neque metu declinatus animus,

id. 12, 1, 16:

Cato literas Graecas aetate jam declinata didicit,

in the decline of life, id. 12, 11, 23. —

Neutr., to turn aside, deviate, turn away:

de via,

Cic. Lael. 17; cf.:

de statu suo,

id. Clu. 38, 106:

a religione officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1:

a malis (opp. appetere bona),

id. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

a parvis delictis diligentius,

id. Off. 1, 40 fin.:

aliquantulum a proposito,

id. Or. 40, 138:

a recto itinere (oratio),

Quint. 4, 3, 14 al.:

gemma paulum declinans a topazio in aurum,

passing, Plin. 37, 8, 34, § 113:

ut eo revocetur unde huc declinavit oratio,

digressed, Cic. de Or. 2, 38; cf. id. Leg. 1, 21 fin.:

quantum in Italiam declinaverat belli,

Liv. 28, 1:

in asperam Pholoen,

Hor. Od. 1, 33, 7:

in pejus,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

ad discendum jus,

Quint. 12, 3, 9; cf. id. 7, 2, 30.— Absol.:

declinasse me paululum et praesentes fluctus fugisse,

Cic. Sest. 34:

paulatim amor,

decreases, Ov. M. 9, 460:

dies coeperat declinare,

Vulg. Luc. 9, 12. —

In partic. grammat. t. t., to vary, inflect a part of speech.

In the older grammarians, of every kind of inflection (declension, conjugation, comparison, derivation, etc.), Varr. L. L. 8, § 2 sq.; 10, § 11 sq.; cf. also Quint. 1, 4, 22; 1, 5, 63 al. —

In the later grammarians, to decline, in the strict sense, Charis, p. 8 sq. et al. —

Transf., with an object denoting that from which one turns aside; to avoid, to shun (classical, most freq. in Cic.);

nec satis recte (oratio) declinat impetum, nisi etiam in cedendo quid deceat intellegit,

Cic. Or. 68, 228; cf.

, corresp. with vitare,

id. Att. 8, 11, D. fin.; and:

ictum,

Liv. 42, 63, 4:

urbem,

Cic. Planc. 41:

laqueos judicii,

id. Mil. 15, 40:

appetuntur quae secundum naturam sunt, declinantur contraria,

id. N. D. 3, 13, 33:

vitia,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

ea quae nocitura videantur,

id. ib. 1, 4; cf. Tac. A. 13, 4:

invidiam,

id. H. 4, 41 fin.; Suet. Caes. 4:

impudicitiam uxoris,

Tac. A. 6, 51:

oppida ut busta,

Amm. 16, 2, 12.

făcĭlis, e, adj. (archaic forms nom. sing. facil, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53; adv. facul, like difficul, simul; v. under adv. 2, and cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87 Müll.), [facio, properly, that may be done or made; hence, pregn.], easy to do, easy, without difficulty.

In gen.

Prop., constr. absol., with ad (and the gerund), the supine, inf., ut, and the dat.

Absol.:

nulla est tam facilis res, quin difficilis siet, quam invitus facias,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 1; cf.:

facilis et plana via (opp. difficilis),

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 20:

quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27 fin.; cf.

also: mihi in causa facili atque explicata perdifficilis et lubrica defensionis ratio proponitur,

Cic. Planc. 2, 5:

justa res et facilis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 33:

facilis et prompta defensio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; cf.:

facilis et expedita distinctio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

facilia, proclivia, jucunda,

id. Part. Or. 27, 95; cf.:

proclivi cursu et facili delabi,

id. Rep. 1, 28:

ascensus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

aditus,

id. ib. 3, 25 fin.;

descensus Averno,

Verg. A. 6, 126; Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.:

celerem et facilem exitum habere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:

lutum,

easy to work, Tib. 1, 1, 40:

fagus,

Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 229:

humus,

easy to cultivate, mellow, Curt. 4, 6, 5:

arcus,

Val. Fl. 1, 109:

jugum,

easy to climb, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 4:

somnus,

easy to obtain, Hor. C. 2, 11, 8; 3, 21, 4:

irae,

easily excited, Luc. 1, 173:

saevitia,

easily overcome, Hor. C. 2, 12, 26 et saep.:

aurae,

gentle, Ov. H. 16, 123:

jactura,

easily borne, Verg. A. 2, 646:

cera,

easily shaped, Ov. M. 15, 169:

victus,

copious, Verg. G. 2, 460.— Comp.:

iter multo facilius atque expeditius,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:

cui censemus cursum ad deos faciliorem fuisse quam Scipioni?

Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

faciliore et commodiore judicio,

id. Caecin. 3, 8.— Sup.:

quod est facillimum, facis,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 4; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

concordia,

id. ib. 1, 32:

hujus summae virtutis facillima est via,

Quint. 8, 3, 71:

in quibus (ceris) facillima est ratio delendi,

id. 10, 3, 31 et saep.—

With ad and the gerund:

nulla materies tam facilis ad exardescendum est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

ad subigendum,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

ad credendum,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

palmae ad scandendum,

Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 29.— Comp.:

faciliora ad intelligendum,

Quint. 2, 3, 8.— Sup.:

haec ad judicandum sunt facillima,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 30; id. Fin. 2, 20.—

With ad and subst.:

faciles ad receptum angustiae,

Liv. 32, 12, 3:

mens ad pejora,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

credulitas feminarum ad gaudia,

Tac. A. 14, 4.— Comp.:

mediocritas praeceptoris ad intellectum atque imitationem facilior,

Quint. 2, 3, 1.—

With supine:

facile inventust,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53:

res factu facilis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 26:

cuivis facile scitu est,

id. Hec. 3, 1, 15:

facilis victu gens,

abounding in resources, Verg. A. 1, 445 Wagn.:

(Cyclops) nec visu facilis nec dictu affabilis ulli,

id. ib. 3, 621; cf.:

sapiens facilis victu fuit,

Sen. Ep. 90, 11.— Comp.:

nihil est dictu facilius,

Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 70.— Sup.:

factu facillimum,

Sall. C. 14, 1.—

With inf.:

materia facilis est, in te et in tuos dicta dicere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 17, 42:

facilis vincere ac vinci vultu eodem,

Liv. 7, 33, 2:

facilis corrumpi,

Tac. H. 4, 39:

Roma capi facilis,

Luc. 2, 656.—So esp. freq. in the neuter, facile est, with a subject-clause:

id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

quod illis prohibere erat facile,

Caes. B. C. 1, 50, 2:

neque erat facile nostris, uno tempore propugnare et munire,

id. ib. 3, 45, 4; Quint. 6, 4, 20:

nec origines persequi facile est,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 46:

quīs facile est aedem conducere,

Juv. 3, 31; 4, 103.— Comp.:

plerumque facilius est plus facere quam idem,

Quint. 10, 2, 10; 12, 6, 7.— Sup.:

stulta reprehendere facillimum est,

Quint. 6, 3, 71; 11, 1, 81.—

With ut:

facilius est, ut esse aliquis successor tuus possit, quam ut velit,

Plin. Pan. 44, 3; 87, 5; cf. with quod: facile est quod habeant conservam in villa, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6.—

With dat.:

terra facilis pecori,

i.e. suitable, proper, Verg. G. 2, 223; cf.:

campus operi,

Liv. 33, 17, 8:

facilis divisui (Macedonia),

id. 45, 30, 2:

neque Thraces commercio faciles erant,

Liv. 40, 58, 1:

homines bello faciles,

Tac. Agr. 21:

juvenis inanibus,

easily susceptible, open to, id. A. 2, 27; cf.:

facilis capessendis inimicitiis,

id. ib. 5, 11. —

With gen. ( poet.):

Hispania frugum facilis,

fertile in, Claud. Laud. Seren. 54.—

Adverbially, in facili, ex (e) facili, and rarely, de facili, easily:

cum exitus haud in facili essent,

not easy, Liv. 3, 8, 9 Drak.:

in facili,

Sen. Clem. 1, 7: Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 274; Dig. 26, 3, 8:

ita adducendum, ut ex facili subsequatur,

easily, Cels. 7, 9 med.:

ex facili tolerantibus,

Tac. Agr. 15 init.: ex facili, Cel. 6, 1, 1; Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 60;

for which: e facili,

Ov. A. A. 1, 356: de facili ab iis superabuntur, Firm. Math. 5, 6.—

Transf.

Of persons that do any thing with facility, ready, quick. — Constr. with ad, in, and simple abl.:

facilis et expeditus ad dicendum,

Cic. Brut. 48, 180:

sermone Graeco promptus et facilis,

Suet. Tib. 71; cf.:

promptus et facillis ad extemporalitatem usque,

id. Tit. 3:

faciles in excogitando et ad discendum prompti,

Quint. 1, 1, 1:

exiguo faciles,

content, Sil. 1, 615.—

Of things, easily moving:

oculi,

Verg. A. 8, 310:

manus,

Ov. F. 3, 536:

cervix,

Mart. Spect. 23:

canes, i. e. agiles,

Nemes. Cyneg. 50.

In partic.

Of character, easy, good-natured, compliant, willing, yielding, courteous, affable:

facilis benevolusque,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:

comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

facilis et liberalis pater,

id. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

lenis et facilis,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

facilis et clemens,

Suet. Aug. 67:

facilem populum habere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 4:

facilem stillare in aurem,

Juv. 3, 122:

di,

id. 10, 8. —With in and abl.:

facilem se in rebus cognoscendis praebere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32; cf.:

facilis in causis recipiendis,

id. Brut. 57, 207:

faciles in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. ib. 21, 85:

faciles ad concedendum,

id. Div. 2, 52, 107.—With in and acc.:

sic habeas faciles in tua vota deos,

Ov. H. 16, 282.—With inf.:

faciles aurem praebere,

Prop. 2, 21, 15 (3, 14, 5 M.):

O faciles dare summa deos,

Luc. 1, 505.—With gen.:

facilis impetrandae veniae,

Liv. 26, 15, 1:

alloquii facilis (al. alloquiis),

Val. Fl. 5, 407.— Absol.:

comi facilique naturā,

Suet. Gramm. 7:

facili ac prodigo animo,

id. Vit. 7.— Comp.:

facilior aut indulgentior,

Suet. Vesp. 21; Quint. 7, 1, 27; Flor. 4, 11, 2.— Sup.:

quid dicam de moribus facillimis,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11.—

Of fortune, favorable, prosperous:

res et fortunae tuae... quotidie faciliores mihi et meliores videntur,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1; Liv. 23, 11, 2.— Adv. in four forms: facile, facul, faculter, and faciliter.

făcĭlĕ (the class. form).

easily, without trouble or difficulty:

facile cum valemus recta consilia aegrotis damus,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

quis haec non vel facile vel certe aliquo modo posset ediscere?

Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 232:

vitia in contraria convertuntur,

id. Rep. 1, 45.— Comp.:

cave putes, aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

quo facilius otio perfruantur,

id. ib. 1, 5: id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod, etc., Caes, B. G. 1, 2, 3.— Sup.:

ut optimi cujusque animus in morte facillime evolet tamquam e custodia,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

facillime fingi,

id. Cael. 9, 22:

facillime decidit,

id. Rep. 2, 23:

mederi inopiae frumentariae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24, 6 et saep.—

To add intensity to an expression which already signifies a high degree, certainly, unquestionably, without contradiction, beyond dispute, by far, far (often in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): virum unum totius Graeciae facile doctissimum,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

facile deterrimus,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

genere et nobilitate et pecunia facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; cf.:

virtute, existimatione, nobilitate facile princeps,

id. Clu. 5, 11:

facile princeps,

id. Div. 2, 42, 87; id. Fam. 6, 10, 2; id. Univ. 1; Flor. 3, 14, 1:

facile praecipuus,

Quint. 10, 1, 68:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5: Pe. Sed tu novistin' fidicinam? Fi. Tam facile quam me, as well as I do myself, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 68.—With verbs that denote superiority (vincere, superare, etc.):

post illum (Herodotum) Thucydides omnes dicendi artificio, mea sententia, facile vicit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56; cf. id. Off. 2, 19, 59; id. Rep. 1, 23; cf.

also: stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

id. ib. 6, 16 fin.; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

Sisenna omnes adhuc nostros scriptores facile superavit,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 7; cf. id. de Or. 3, 11, 43:

facile palmam habes!

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 80.— In naming a large amount, quite, fully:

huic hereditas facile ad HS. tricies venit testamento propinqui sui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 14, § 35.—

With a negative, non facile or haud facile, to add intensity, not easily, i.e. hardly:

mira accuratio, ut non facile in ullo diligentiorem majoremque cognoverim,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

de iis haud facile compertum narraverim,

Sall. J. 17, 2:

animus imbutus malis artibus haud facile libidinibus carebat,

id. C. 13, 5. —

Readily, willingly, without hesitation:

facile omnes perferre ac pati,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; cf.:

te de aeternitate dicentem aberrare a proposito facile patiebar,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

disertus homo et facile laborans,

id. Off. 2, 19, 66:

ego unguibus facile illi in oculos involem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 6.— Comp.:

locum habeo nullum, ubi facilius esse possim quam Asturae,

Cic. Att. 13, 26, 2.—

(Acc. to facilis, II. B.) Pleasantly, agreeably, well:

propter eas (nugas) vivo facilius,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 6:

cum animo cogites, Quam vos facillime agitis, quam estis maxume Potentes, dites, fortunati, nobiles,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 56:

facillime agitare,

Suet. Vit. Ter. 1:

ubi Crassus animadvertit, suas copias propter exiguitatem non facile diduci,

not safely, Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7.—

făcul (anteclass.), easily: nobilitate facul propellere iniquos, Lucil. ap. Non. 111, 19; Pac. ib. 21:

haud facul, ut ait Pacuvius, femina una invenietur bona,

Afran. ib. 22:

advorsam ferre fortunam facul,

Att. ib. 24.—

‡ făculter, acc. to the statement of Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 1 Müll.; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 325. —

făcĭlĭter (post-Aug.; predominating in Vitruvius; censured by Quint. 1, 6, 17), easily:

ferrum percalefactum faciliter fabricatur,

Vitr. 1, 4, 3 et saep.; Mart. Cap. 3, § 325.

fātum, i ( masc. fatus malus meus, Petr. 42, 77), n. [for II. A.], that which is said, an utterance. —Hence,

Prop., a prophetic declaration, oracle, prediction (rare but class.): neque me Apollo fatis fandis dementem invitam ciet, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 80 Vahl.):

Lentulum sibi confirmasse ex fatis Sibyllinis haruspicumque responsis se, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

eo fatis quae Veientes scripta haberent,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

fatis, ominibus oraculisque portendere,

Liv. 29, 10 fin. Drak. N. cr.:

Siculisne resideret arvis Oblitus factorum,

Verg. A. 5, 703.—

Transf.

In gen., that which is ordained, desting, fate; the heimarmenê or moira of the Greeks (syn.:

fortuna, fors, sors, casus): nec ii, qui dicunt immutabilia esse, quae futura sint nec posse verum futurum convertere in falsum, fati necessitatem confirmant, sed verborum vim interpretantur. At qui introducunt causarum seriem sempiternam, ii mentem hominis voluntate libera spoliatam necessitate fati devinciunt,

Cic. Fat. 9, 20 sq.; hence the philosophic use of the word to denote the eternal, immutable law of nature: fieri omnia fato, ratio cogit fateri. Fatum autem id appello, quod Graeci heimarmenên, id est ordinem seriemque causarum, cum causa causae nexa rem ex se gignat, id. Div. 1, 55, 125 sq.; cf.:

cum vos fato fieri dicatis omnia, quod autem semper ex omni aeternitate verum fuerit, id esse fatum,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14; and: cum duae sententiae fuissent veterum philosophorum, una eorum, qui censerent omnia ita fato fieri, ut id fatum vim necessitatis afferret;

in qua sententia Democritus, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Aristoteles fuit: altera eorum, quibus viderentur sine ullo fato esse animorum motus voluntarii,

id. Fat. 17, 39; cf.

also: ex hoc genere causarum ex aeternitate pendentium fatum a Stoicis nectitur,

id. Top. 15, 59; and:

anile sane et plenum superstitionis fati nomen ipsum,

id. Div. 2, 7, 19:

si Daphitae fatum fuit ex equo cadere,

id. Fat. 3, 5; cf. id. ib. 12, 28: cf.:

neque si fatum fuerat, effugisset,

id. Div. 2, 8, 20:

ut praedici posset, quid cuique eventurum et quo quisque fato natus esset,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2;

quonam meo fato fieri dicam, ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 1: qua quidem in re singulari sum fato, I experience a remarkable fate, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1:

si quid mihi humanitus accidisset multa autem impendere videntur praeter naturam etiam praeterque fatum,

i. e. beyond the natural and appointed course of events, id. Phil. 1, 4, 10:

quasi debita sibi fato dominatione,

Suet. Aug. 19:

persuasio, cuncta fato agi,

id. Tib. 69:

nisi dii immortales omni ratione placati suo numine prope fata ipsa flexissent,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19:

orte Saturno, tibi cura magni Caesaris fatis data,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 51:

quo (Caesare) nihil majus meliusve terris Fata donavere bonique divi,

id. ib. 4, 2, 38; id. Carm. Sec. 28:

ut caneret fera Nereus Fata,

id. C. 1, 15, 5; so,

acerba,

id. Epod. 7, 17:

triste,

id. S. 1, 9, 29:

caeca,

id. C. 2, 13, 16:

plebeium in circo positum est fatum,

the fate of the vulgar, Juv. 6, 588:

fata regunt homines,

id. 9, 32; 12, 63.—With ut:

qui hoc fato natus est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 11, 30:

fuit hoc sive meum sive rei publicae fatum, ut, etc.,

id. Balb. 26, 58.—With ne: eo [p. 730] fato se in iis terris collocatam esse arbitratur, ne, etc., Cic. Font. 16, 35.—

Esp.

Of the will or determination of the gods:

heu stirpem invisam et fatis contraria nostris Fata Phrygum,

Verg. A. 7, 293; 7, 50; cf. Non. 455, 25.—And also of that which determines the fate of a person or thing: Ilio tria fuisse audivi fata, quae illi forent exitio: signum ex arce si perisset;

alterum, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 29; so,

Herculis sagittae, quae fatum Trojae fuere,

Just. 20, 1 fin. —Prov.:

fata viam invenient,

Verg. A. 3, 395; 10, 113.— Fāta, ōrum, n., personified as deities, the Fates, Prop. 4, 7, 51; Stat. Th. 8, 26; id. S. 5, 1, 259; Inscr. Orell. 1771 sq.—

a.. Bad fortune, ill fate, calamity, mishap:

dictum facete et contumeliose in Metellos antiquum Naevii est: Fato Metelli Romae fiunt consules,

Pseudo Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29 (p. 140 ed. Orell.);

and, alluding to this verse: hoc Verrem dicere aiebant, te (sc. Metellum) non fato, ut ceteros ex vestra familia, sed opera sua consulem factum,

id. ib. 10, 29:

quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod et poenas jamdiu improbitati, nequitiae... debitas instare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 11:

exitii ac fati dies,

id. ib. 3, 7, 17:

abditi in tabernaculis aut suum fatum querebantur aut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1:

quod si jam (quod dii omen avertant) fatum extremum rei publicae venit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

in illo paene fato rei publicae,

id. Dom. 57, 145.— So,

Esp. freq. of death:

sic Hortensii vox exstincta fato suo est, nostra publico,

id. Brut. 96, 328; cf.:

nolite hunc maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,

id. Cael. 32, 79; cf.:

omen fati,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 6; and:

quia nec fato merita nec morte peribat,

Verg. A. 4, 696: ferro, non fato moerus Argivum (i. e. Achilles) occidit, Poët. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 10 Spald.:

perfunctos jam fato = mortuos,

Liv. 9, 1, 6;

qui fato sunt functi,

Quint. 3, 7, 10:

fato cedere,

Liv. 26, 13: fato concessit, Pl. Pan. 11, 3; for which: concedere in fatum, Modestin. Dig. 34, 3, 20:

fato obiit,

died a natural death, Tac. A. 6, 10:

fato fungi,

id. ib. 14, 12 fin.:

ille (uxorem) functam fato respondet,

id. ib. 11, 3:

si me praeceperit fatum,

Curt. 9, 6; Quint. 6, 2, 33.—In this sense sometimes in the plur.:

jamdudum peccas, si mea fata petis,

Ov. H. 19, 118;

Minotauri,

Mel. 2, 7:

mea fata,

my ashes, Prop. 1, 17, 11:

sentiet vivus eam, quae post fata praestari magis solet, venerationem,

Quint. 12, 17, 7:

si me fata intercepissent,

id. 6 praef. 1; cf.: (mater) acerbissimis rapta fatis, id. § 4; cf. the shades or spirits of the dead:

cum fato jacentis,

Mel. 2, 2.—

Concr., one who brings calamity, a plague:

duo illa rei publicae paene fata, Gabinium et Pisonem,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93.

fātum, i ( masc. fatus malus meus, Petr. 42, 77), n. [for II. A.], that which is said, an utterance. —Hence,

Prop., a prophetic declaration, oracle, prediction (rare but class.): neque me Apollo fatis fandis dementem invitam ciet, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 80 Vahl.):

Lentulum sibi confirmasse ex fatis Sibyllinis haruspicumque responsis se, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

eo fatis quae Veientes scripta haberent,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

fatis, ominibus oraculisque portendere,

Liv. 29, 10 fin. Drak. N. cr.:

Siculisne resideret arvis Oblitus factorum,

Verg. A. 5, 703.—

Transf.

In gen., that which is ordained, desting, fate; the heimarmenê or moira of the Greeks (syn.:

fortuna, fors, sors, casus): nec ii, qui dicunt immutabilia esse, quae futura sint nec posse verum futurum convertere in falsum, fati necessitatem confirmant, sed verborum vim interpretantur. At qui introducunt causarum seriem sempiternam, ii mentem hominis voluntate libera spoliatam necessitate fati devinciunt,

Cic. Fat. 9, 20 sq.; hence the philosophic use of the word to denote the eternal, immutable law of nature: fieri omnia fato, ratio cogit fateri. Fatum autem id appello, quod Graeci heimarmenên, id est ordinem seriemque causarum, cum causa causae nexa rem ex se gignat, id. Div. 1, 55, 125 sq.; cf.:

cum vos fato fieri dicatis omnia, quod autem semper ex omni aeternitate verum fuerit, id esse fatum,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14; and: cum duae sententiae fuissent veterum philosophorum, una eorum, qui censerent omnia ita fato fieri, ut id fatum vim necessitatis afferret;

in qua sententia Democritus, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Aristoteles fuit: altera eorum, quibus viderentur sine ullo fato esse animorum motus voluntarii,

id. Fat. 17, 39; cf.

also: ex hoc genere causarum ex aeternitate pendentium fatum a Stoicis nectitur,

id. Top. 15, 59; and:

anile sane et plenum superstitionis fati nomen ipsum,

id. Div. 2, 7, 19:

si Daphitae fatum fuit ex equo cadere,

id. Fat. 3, 5; cf. id. ib. 12, 28: cf.:

neque si fatum fuerat, effugisset,

id. Div. 2, 8, 20:

ut praedici posset, quid cuique eventurum et quo quisque fato natus esset,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2;

quonam meo fato fieri dicam, ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 1: qua quidem in re singulari sum fato, I experience a remarkable fate, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1:

si quid mihi humanitus accidisset multa autem impendere videntur praeter naturam etiam praeterque fatum,

i. e. beyond the natural and appointed course of events, id. Phil. 1, 4, 10:

quasi debita sibi fato dominatione,

Suet. Aug. 19:

persuasio, cuncta fato agi,

id. Tib. 69:

nisi dii immortales omni ratione placati suo numine prope fata ipsa flexissent,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19:

orte Saturno, tibi cura magni Caesaris fatis data,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 51:

quo (Caesare) nihil majus meliusve terris Fata donavere bonique divi,

id. ib. 4, 2, 38; id. Carm. Sec. 28:

ut caneret fera Nereus Fata,

id. C. 1, 15, 5; so,

acerba,

id. Epod. 7, 17:

triste,

id. S. 1, 9, 29:

caeca,

id. C. 2, 13, 16:

plebeium in circo positum est fatum,

the fate of the vulgar, Juv. 6, 588:

fata regunt homines,

id. 9, 32; 12, 63.—With ut:

qui hoc fato natus est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 11, 30:

fuit hoc sive meum sive rei publicae fatum, ut, etc.,

id. Balb. 26, 58.—With ne: eo [p. 730] fato se in iis terris collocatam esse arbitratur, ne, etc., Cic. Font. 16, 35.—

Esp.

Of the will or determination of the gods:

heu stirpem invisam et fatis contraria nostris Fata Phrygum,

Verg. A. 7, 293; 7, 50; cf. Non. 455, 25.—And also of that which determines the fate of a person or thing: Ilio tria fuisse audivi fata, quae illi forent exitio: signum ex arce si perisset;

alterum, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 29; so,

Herculis sagittae, quae fatum Trojae fuere,

Just. 20, 1 fin. —Prov.:

fata viam invenient,

Verg. A. 3, 395; 10, 113.— Fāta, ōrum, n., personified as deities, the Fates, Prop. 4, 7, 51; Stat. Th. 8, 26; id. S. 5, 1, 259; Inscr. Orell. 1771 sq.—

a.. Bad fortune, ill fate, calamity, mishap:

dictum facete et contumeliose in Metellos antiquum Naevii est: Fato Metelli Romae fiunt consules,

Pseudo Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29 (p. 140 ed. Orell.);

and, alluding to this verse: hoc Verrem dicere aiebant, te (sc. Metellum) non fato, ut ceteros ex vestra familia, sed opera sua consulem factum,

id. ib. 10, 29:

quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod et poenas jamdiu improbitati, nequitiae... debitas instare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 11:

exitii ac fati dies,

id. ib. 3, 7, 17:

abditi in tabernaculis aut suum fatum querebantur aut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1:

quod si jam (quod dii omen avertant) fatum extremum rei publicae venit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

in illo paene fato rei publicae,

id. Dom. 57, 145.— So,

Esp. freq. of death:

sic Hortensii vox exstincta fato suo est, nostra publico,

id. Brut. 96, 328; cf.:

nolite hunc maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,

id. Cael. 32, 79; cf.:

omen fati,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 6; and:

quia nec fato merita nec morte peribat,

Verg. A. 4, 696: ferro, non fato moerus Argivum (i. e. Achilles) occidit, Poët. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 10 Spald.:

perfunctos jam fato = mortuos,

Liv. 9, 1, 6;

qui fato sunt functi,

Quint. 3, 7, 10:

fato cedere,

Liv. 26, 13: fato concessit, Pl. Pan. 11, 3; for which: concedere in fatum, Modestin. Dig. 34, 3, 20:

fato obiit,

died a natural death, Tac. A. 6, 10:

fato fungi,

id. ib. 14, 12 fin.:

ille (uxorem) functam fato respondet,

id. ib. 11, 3:

si me praeceperit fatum,

Curt. 9, 6; Quint. 6, 2, 33.—In this sense sometimes in the plur.:

jamdudum peccas, si mea fata petis,

Ov. H. 19, 118;

Minotauri,

Mel. 2, 7:

mea fata,

my ashes, Prop. 1, 17, 11:

sentiet vivus eam, quae post fata praestari magis solet, venerationem,

Quint. 12, 17, 7:

si me fata intercepissent,

id. 6 praef. 1; cf.: (mater) acerbissimis rapta fatis, id. § 4; cf. the shades or spirits of the dead:

cum fato jacentis,

Mel. 2, 2.—

Concr., one who brings calamity, a plague:

duo illa rei publicae paene fata, Gabinium et Pisonem,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93.

fĕrē and fermē ( fĕrĕ, Aus. Epigr. 10, 5, 5), adv. [Sanscr. dhar-, dhar-ami, to bear, support; Gr. root, thra-, in thrênus, stool, thronos, seat; Lat. firmus; cf.: forma, forum. Ferme is perh. a sup. form for ferime, v. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 6 sq. Erroneously, Varr.: ferme dicitur quod nunc fere: utrumque dictum a ferendo, quod id quod fertur est in motu atque adventat, L. L. 7, § 92 Müll.], approximately, closely, in two senses.

With the idea of approach predominant, nearly, almost, well-nigh, within a little, for the most part, about (esp. with words of number, quantity, multitude; cf.: plerumque, vulgo).

Form fere:

fere sexennis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 80:

abhinc menses decem fere,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 24; cf.:

fere abhinc annos quindecim,

id. Phorm. 5, 8, 28:

fere in diebus paucis, quibus haec acta sunt, Chrysis vicina haec moritur,

soon, only a few days after, id. And. 1, 1, 77:

quinta fere hora,

about the fifth hour, Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

hora fere tertia,

id. Att. 14, 20, 1:

tertia fere vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 1:

sexcentos fere annos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 48:

sexto decimo fere anno,

id. ib. 2, 33:

anno fere ante, quam consul est declaratus,

id. ib. 1, 5:

anno fere centesimo et quadragesimo post mortem Numae,

id. ib. 2, 15; cf.:

anno trecentesimo et quinquagesimo fere post Romam conditam,

id. ib. 1, 16:

decem fere annis post primos consules,

id. ib. 2, 32; cf.

also: decessit fere post annum quartum quam, etc.,

Nep. Arist. 3 fin.:

meus fere aequalis,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179; cf. id. Off. 3, 1, 1:

ipsa Peloponnesus fere tota in mari est,

id. Rep. 2, 4, 8; cf.:

totius fere Galliae legati ad Caesarem gratulatum convenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 1:

totis fere a fronte et ab sinistra parte nudatis castris,

id. ib. 2, 23, 4:

rerum omnium fere modus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; cf.:

quam fere omnium constans et moderata ratio vitae,

id. Clu. 16, 46:

ex omnibus fere partibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

in reliquis fere rebus,

id. ib. 6, 13, 3:

omnes fere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1; 4, 20, 1; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Chabr. 3, 4; Liv. 21, 60, 9; Suet. Caes. 87;

and in the order fere omnes,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13, 1; 5, 23, 4:

cujus disputationis fuit extremum fere de immortalitate animorum,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14; cf.: Phalereus ille Demetrius ultimus est fere ex Atticis. Quint. 10, 1, 80: cum fere e regione castris castra poneret, Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1; id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

plus fere,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 45:

semper fere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 22:

satis fere diximus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60:

tantum fere,

almost only, id. Rep. 2, 18 fin.:

Lycurgus eadem vidit fere,

id. ib. 2, 23:

haec fere,

id. ib. 1, 34 fin.; cf.:

hoc fere ab reliquis differunt, quod,

in this chiefly, Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 3:

haec fere dicere habui,

Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 93:

haec erant fere, quae, etc.,

id. Fam. 12, 5 fin.; 12, 30 fin.; id. Att. 2, 16, 1; id. Or. 54, 182; id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:

exposui fere non philosophorum judicia, sed, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 16, 42; cf.:

sic fere componendum, quomodo pronuntiandum erit,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

fere eodem pacto, quo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 10:

et fere apparet, quid in invidiam, etc.... dicendum sit,

Quint. 5, 12, 16.—

Form ferme:

hoc factum est ferme abhinc biennium,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 4; so,

abhinc annos ferme L.,

Vell. 2, 90 fin.:

nam ferme ante annos DCCCCL. floruit,

id. 1, 5, 3:

intra XII. ferme annos,

id. 2, 11 fin.:

duodequadragesimo ferme anno, ex quo regnare coeperat Tarquinius,

Liv. 1, 40:

mille ferme delecti propugnatores onerariis imponuntur,

id. 30, 10; cf.:

pars ferme dimidia,

id. 42, 51:

a quo (flumine) aberat mons ferme milia viginti,

Sall. J. 48, 3; cf.:

in tumulo quatuor ferme milia distante ab castris regiis consedit,

Liv. 30, 8:

abest ab Carthagine quindecim milia ferme passuum locus,

id. 30, 9:

ferme eadem omnia, quae, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 21:

cum ferme cunctos proceres cum honore nominavisset,

Tac. A. 3, 76:

mihi quidem aetas acta est ferme,

for the most part, about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38.

With the idea of nearness or closeness predominant, quite, entirely, just.

Form fere:

domum revortor maestus atque animo fere conturbato,

quite distracted, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 69:

quod statuas quoque videmus ornatu fere militari,

quite military, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61:

paria esse fere peccata,

quite equal, Hor. S. 1, 3, 96:

etsi nobis, qui id aetatis sumus, evigilatum fere est, tamen, etc.,

entirely, sufficiently, Cic. Rep. 3, 29:

cum circa hanc fere consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur,

just on this debated point, Liv. 36, 7, 1: jamque fere, just now, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11; and ap. Charis. p. 114 P. (Ann. v. 286 and 580 ed. Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 135; 5, 327; 835; cf.: jam fere, Enn. ap. Non. 355, 17 (Trag. v. 201 ed. Vahl.); and: jam... fere, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 46 Müll. (Ann. v. 447 ed. Vahl.):

sermo qui tum fere multis erat in ore,

just then, Cic. Lael. 1, 2.—

Form ferme: circumvenire video ferme injuria, altogether wrong, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 92 Müll. (Rib. Trag. Fragm. p. 12); cf.: ferme aderant ratibus, just, Enn. ib. § 23 Müll. (Ann. v. 602 ed. Vahl.); so, quod ferme dirum in tempus cecidere Latinae, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18; and:

sed eum constabat virum esse ferme bonum,

Gell. 14, 2, 5:

ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, Sic ei procedunt post principia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4; so,

ferme ut pueri,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 32:

jam ferme moriens me vocat,

just dying, id. And. 1, 5, 49.—

In partic.

With negatives, scarcely, hardly.

(= vix, non facile.) Form fere:

nihil aut non fere multum differre,

Cic. Brut. 40, 150:

nemo fere saltat sobrius,

id. Mur. 6; id. de Or. 1, 25, 116:

nihil fere intelligit,

id. Off. 3, 3, 15:

non fere labitur,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 18:

quod non fere ante auctumnum Elaver vado transiri solet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1:

duo spondei non fere jungi patiuntur,

Quint. 9, 4, 101:

in se dicere non est fere nisi scurrarum,

id. 6, 3, 82:

denique ex bellica victoria non fere quemquam est invidia civium consecuta,

hardly any one, Cic. Sest. 23, 51:

rationem sententiae suae non fere reddere,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

nec adhuc fere inveni, qui, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 6, 1; cf.:

quod non fere contingit, nisi, etc.,

id. Lael. 20, 72:

nec rei fere sane amplius quicquam fuit,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 3:

in qua (disputatione) nihil fere, quod magno opere ad rationes omnium rerum pertineret, praetermissum puto,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8 fin.: tum est Cato locutus;

quo erat nemo fere senior temporibus illis, nemo prudentior,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

dixit, hunc ne in convivio quidem ullo fere interfuisse,

id. Rosc. Am. 14:

neque ullum fere totius hiemis tempus sine sollicitudine Caesaris intercessit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53, 5: neque enim [p. 736] fere iam est ullus dies occupatus, ut nihil, etc., Quint. 10, 7, 27.—With a neg. interrog.:

nam quid fere undique placet?

Quint. 1, 2, 15.—

Form ferme:

hoc non ferme sine magnis principum vitiis evenit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 38, 111:

quod non ferme decernitur, nisi, etc.,

Liv. 22, 9, 8; 24, 25, 9:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; so,

nec ferme res antiqua alia est nobilior,

Liv. 1, 24:

facio, quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40; so Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:

haud ferme,

Liv. 21, 7, 9; 27, 28, 14:

ut eo nihil ferme quisquam addere posset,

Cic. Brut. 43, 161:

quia nemo ferme huc sine damno devortitur,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 39:

non ferme facilius aliquid tenere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5 fin.; 1, 45, 69.—

Of time (in the usual course of things; opp. to sometimes, now and then), in general, generally, usually, commonly.

Form fere:

Fit fere, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10; cf.:

jam hoc fere sic fieri solere accepimus,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 24:

quod fere solet fieri,

id. Inv. 1, 29, 46; cf.

also: ut fere fit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 14:

nam fere maxima pars morem hunc homines habent,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 36:

quod fere libenter homines id, quod volunt, credunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 6:

aedificio circumdato silva (ut sunt fere domicilia Gallorum, etc.),

id. ib. 6, 30, 3:

ruri fere se continebat,

Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 16:

nam fere non difficile est invenire, quid, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 18, 27:

in eum fere est voluntas nostra propensior,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 69:

sic omnia nimia in contraria fere convertuntur,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

quod in illis singuli fuissent fere, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 1:

nominatim fere referri, quid, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

nigra fere terra,

commonly black, Verg. G. 2, 203:

qui timet his adversa, fere miratur eodem quo cupiens pacto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 9.—Strengthened by plerumque or plerique:

hic solebamus fere Plerumque eam operiri,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 39; cf.

corresp. to plerumque: fortuna eos plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est: itaque efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54:

adducto fere vultu, plerumque tacitus,

Suet. Tib. 68:

non sunt vitiosiores, quam fere plerique, qui avari avaros... reprehendunt,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 73.—Opp. raro, interdum, saepe:

fere praedicta aetas laeto solo truncoque tres materias, raro quatuor desiderat,

Col. 4, 17, 5; cf.:

fereque id in capillo fit, rarius in barba,

Cels. 6, 2:

ipse Circenses ex amicorum fere libertinorumque cenaculis spectabat, interdum e pulvinari,

Suet. Aug. 15:

in consulatu pedibus fere, extra consulatum saepe adaperta sella per publicum incessit,

id. ib. 53.—

Form ferme:

quod ferme evenit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42:

nam ferme apud Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

Sall. J. 74 fin.:

inculta ferme vestiuntur virgultis vepribusque,

Liv. 21, 54:

intacta invidia media sunt: ad summa ferme tendit,

id. 45, 35; cf.:

mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum,

Juv. 13, 236:

ceterum parva quoque (ut ferme principia omnia),

Liv. 7, 2:

ut ferme ad nova imperia,

Tac. A. 2, 2:

quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,

Liv. 9, 30, 3:

nocte ferme proficiscebantur,

id. 34, 13, 3.

ignāvĭa, ae, f. [id.], inactivity, laziness, idleness, sloth, listlessness, cowardice, worthlessness (syn.: socordia, desidia, inertia, pigritia, segnities; opp.: fortitudo, alacritas).

Lit. (class.):

dare argentum adulescenti, qui exaedificaret suam incohatam ignaviam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 95: venit mihi ignavia; ea mihi tempestas fuit;

mi adventu suo grandinem imbremque attulit,

id. Most. 1, 2, 57 Lorenz ad loc.:

contraria fortitudini ignavia,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165;

so opp. fortitudo,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

inertiam, ignaviam, desidiam, luxuriam (adversariorum) proferre,

Auct. Her. 1, 5, 8:

timiditas et ignavia,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 14:

ignaviam suam tenebrarum ac parietum custodiis tegere,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

socordiae sese atque ignaviae tradere,

Sall. C. 52;

so with socordia,

id. ib. 58, 4:

per luxum atque ignaviam aetatem agere,

id. J. 2, 4:

quod istic (= in te) cum ignavia est scelus,

Liv. 1, 47, 3:

quae tanta animis ignavia venit?

Verg. A. 11, 733:

copia (cibi) ignaviam affert,

Plin. 11, 14, 14, § 35:

fumo crebriore et ignavia earum (apium) excitatur ad opera,

id. 11, 16, 15, § 45:

ignavia corpus hebetat, labor firmat,

Cels. 1, 1.—Prov.:

ignaviam necessitas acuit,

Curt. 5, 4, 31.—

Transf., of things:

odoris,

i. e. weakness, Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 119.

illic (archaic ollic, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 196 Müll.), illaec, illuc, or illoc, pron. [ille-ce].

He, she, or it yonder, that (only ante-class.):

sed Amphitruonis illic est servos Sosia, A portu illic nunc cum laterna huc advenit,

Plaut. Am. prol. 148 sq.; id. ib. 1, 1, 138:

nimis demiror, Sosia, Qui illaec (i. e. Alcumena) illi me donatum esse aurea patera sciat,

id. ib. 2, 2, 134:

cupio dare mercedem, qui illunc, ubi sit, commonstret mihi,

id. Curc. 4, 4, 34:

unde auscultare possis, quom ego illanc osculer,

id. Cas. 1, 45:

latuit intus illic in illac hirnea,

id. Am. 1, 1, 275; cf.:

quid illac impudente audacius?

id. ib. 2, 2, 186:

sed quid illuc est?

id. ib. 1, 1, 114; cf. id. As. 2, 1, 17:

illuc sis vide,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 4:

illuc est sapere?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 12:

cum illoc pacisce, si potes: perge obsecro: Pacisce quidvis,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 29 et saep.:

ubi illic est scelus, qui me perdidit?

that scoundrel, Ter. And. 3, 5, 1.—

With the interrogative part. ne: illicine, etc.: Si. Illicine est? Ps. Illic ipsus est, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 44:

illancine mulierem alere cum illa familia?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 3.—

Hence, advv.

illac (sc. viā), that way, on that side, there:

angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 152:

ita nunc hac an illac eam, incerta sum consili,

id. Rud. 1, 3, 31:

hac atque illac perfluo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25:

hac illac circumcursa,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1:

omnes damnatos, omnes ignominia adfectos illac facere,

stand on that side, belong to that party, Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5.—

illuc or illoc (the old form, like hoc for huc), adv., to that place, thither.

Lit.

Form illuc: imus huc, illuc hinc; cum illuc ventum est, ire illinc lubet, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 258 Vahl.):

clam illuc redeundum est mihi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 29:

cum illuc veneris,

id. Merc. 3, 4, 64: paulo momento huc illuc impelli, Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

huc illuc quasi vitabundi agitare,

Sall. J. 60, 4:

salientes huc illuc,

Quint. 10, 7, 6; so,

huc atque illuc intuens,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184:

huc et illuc Cursitant mixtae pueris puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 9:

illuc ex his vinculis,

i. e. into the other world, Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

proponimus illuc ire, ubi, etc.,

Juv. 3, 24:

illuc, unde fugit mus,

id. 6, 339. —

Form illoc:

post illoc veni quam, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 3, 1, 3:

cum illoc advenio,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 25 (dub.; Fleck. illo).—

Transf., to that person or thing, thereto (very rare): Pe. Illuc redi. Me. Quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 54:

quo res haec pertinet? illuc: Dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 23:

illuc, unde abii, redeo: Nemon' ut avarus, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 1, 108; cf. ib. 1, 3, 38:

illuc cuncta vergere,

to Nero, Tac. A. 1, 3.—

To that point, to such a pitch:

tunc adversis urgentibus, illuc decidit ut malum ferro summitteret,

Juv. 12, 53.

illic (old form illi, Verg. G. 1, 54; 1, 251; 3, 17 Rib.; cf. id. A. 2, 548; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 36 Donat. ad loc.), adv. [1. illic], in that place, yonder, there (most. freq. ante-class.).

Lit.:

haec illi vi pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. ib. 261;

1, 3, 36: illic sum atque hic sum,

id. Trin. 4, 4, 17:

sive illic sive alibi libebit,

id. Men. 5, 2, 42:

multo melius, hic quae fiunt, quam illic, ubi sum adsidue, scio,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 20; so with ubi:

vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia,

Juv. 3, 197:

illic, quicquid ero, semper tua dicar imago,

Prop. 1, 19, 11; 13:

cives Romani, qui illic negotiarentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 102, 6:

illic radices, illic fundamenta sunt, illic, etc.,

Quint. 10, 3, 3.—

Transf., with that person or thing (very rare): non isto vivitur illic, Quo tu rere, modo, there, i. e. with him, with Mœcenas, Hor. S. 1, 9, 48:

civile bellum a Vitellio coepit et... initium illic fuit,

Tac. H. 2, 47:

hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 14.—

In that matter, therein:

res publica et milite illic et pecunia vacet,

i. e. in that war, Liv. 2, 48, 9:

ego illi maxumam partem fero,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 36:

ego illic me autem sic adsimulabam quasi stolidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 39; Quint. 1, 3, 4.

imbēcillĭtas ( inb-), ātis, f. [imbecillus], weakness, feebleness (class.; cf. infirmitas).

Of the body: Tulliae meae morbus et imbecillitas corporis me exanimat. Cic. Att. 11, 6, 4:

virium (with infirmitas laterum),

id. Brut. 55, 202:

valetudinis,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

Niciae nostri (with mollitia),

id. Att. 12, 26, 2; Suet. Gramm. 14;

with senium,

id. Calig. 44: imbecillitate Augusti [p. 889] nuntiata, i. e. indisposition, id. Tib. 11:

qui suae imbecillitati sanitatis appellationem, quae est maxime contraria, optendant,

Quint. 12, 10, 15:

materiae,

Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 2.—

Transf., of condition as regards ability, powerlessness, impotency, helplessness, imbecility:

utrum propter imbecillitatem atque inopiam desiderata sit amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26; 9, 29; 32; id. Rep. 1, 25, 39; 3, 14; cf.:

humani generis imbecillitatem fragilitatemque extimescere,

id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3.—

Of the mind:

animi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 9:

ingenii,

Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1:

consilii,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

magistratuum,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 3:

fallit plerumque, quod probitas vocatur, quae est imbecillitas,

Quint. 6, 4, 12:

neque illos imbecillitatis damnandos,

Tac. A. 4, 8.

impingo ( inp-), pēgi, pactum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. impingier, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 76), v. a. [in-pango], to push, strike, or drive at or into any thing; to thrust, strike, or dash against (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; cf.: incutio, infligo, illido).

Lit.:

pugnum in os impinge,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 5:

mustriculam in dentes, Afran. ap. Fest. s. v. mustricula, p. 148 Müll.: a paucioribus Othonianis quo minus in vallum impingerentur,

would have been driven to, Tac. H. 2, 41:

impactus in carcerem,

Dig. 48, 3, 13; so, to forge on, fix or fasten on:

jubete huic crassas compedes impingier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 76; id. Pers. 4, 4, 24; cf.: fustem alicui, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 9:

lapidem Aesopo,

Phaedr. 3, 5, 7:

laqueum alicui, Sen. Tranq. an. 10: caput parieti,

Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 12:

dentes arbori,

Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 8:

aequor scopulis,

Sil. 12, 187:

agmina muris,

Verg. A. 5, 805; Stat. Th. 7, 28:

impinge pugnum, si muttiverit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 2:

pessimus gubernator, qui navem, dum portum egreditur, impegit,

Quint. 4, 1, 61:

clitellas ferus impingas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 8:

nubes vehementer impactae,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 12: impingere se in columnas, to dash one ' s self against, id. de Ira, 1, 19, 4:

cum caede magna (hostem) in aciem altiore superstantem tumulo inpegere,

Liv. 27, 18, 14.—

Prov.: calcem impingere alicui rei,

i. e. to give it a kick, to cast it aside, Petr. 46; v. calx. —

In gen., to hand, press upon, force upon one (rare):

huic calix mulsi impingendus est, ut plorare desinat,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44:

alicui epistulam,

id. Att. 6, 1, 6; Sen. Ep. 95:

oculum libidinose,

to cast upon, direct to, Tert. Idol. 2.—

Trop., to drive, throw upon, push or force to any thing:

illum libido in contraria impinget,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

aliquem in litem ac molestiam,

id. ib. 117: dicam tibi impingam grandem, I will direct or bring against you, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 92:

naturae munus suum,

to throw in her face, Sen. Prov. 6 fin.:

egestas Catilinam patriae suae impegit,

drove, incited him against, Flor. 3, 12, 12:

quod populos scelerata impegit in arma,

Luc. 6, 406:

beneficium,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1: quocumque visum est, libido se impingit, id. de Ira, 2, 8.

imprĕcor ( inpr-), ātus, 1, v. dep. a. [in-precor].

To invoke on a person, to call down upon, to imprecate (perh. not anteAug.).

Of good wishes (rare): solito sermone salutem ei fuerat imprecatus, had wished health to her (on sneezing), App. M. 9, p. 228:

cui multos imprecamur annos,

Hier. Ep. 97 fin.:

alicui bene,

Petr. 78.—

Of evil: litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus [p. 908] undas lmprecor, Verg. A. 4, 629:

diras Pompeio,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21:

hoc tibi pro meritis et talibus imprecor ausis, ut, etc.,

Mart. 7, 24, 7; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 1; 3, 16, 5; Suet. Aug. 65; id. Cal. 23; Tac. A. 6, 24; id. H. 1, 84; Sen. Ep. 110, 2; id. Ben. 6, 27, 1 al.—

To pray to, call upon, invoke (post-class.):

incrementa solis augusti,

App. M. 2, p. 127:

Deus pater est imprecandus, ut, etc.,

Hier. adv. Helv. 2.

imbēcillĭtas ( inb-), ātis, f. [imbecillus], weakness, feebleness (class.; cf. infirmitas).

Of the body: Tulliae meae morbus et imbecillitas corporis me exanimat. Cic. Att. 11, 6, 4:

virium (with infirmitas laterum),

id. Brut. 55, 202:

valetudinis,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

Niciae nostri (with mollitia),

id. Att. 12, 26, 2; Suet. Gramm. 14;

with senium,

id. Calig. 44: imbecillitate Augusti [p. 889] nuntiata, i. e. indisposition, id. Tib. 11:

qui suae imbecillitati sanitatis appellationem, quae est maxime contraria, optendant,

Quint. 12, 10, 15:

materiae,

Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 2.—

Transf., of condition as regards ability, powerlessness, impotency, helplessness, imbecility:

utrum propter imbecillitatem atque inopiam desiderata sit amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26; 9, 29; 32; id. Rep. 1, 25, 39; 3, 14; cf.:

humani generis imbecillitatem fragilitatemque extimescere,

id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3.—

Of the mind:

animi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 9:

ingenii,

Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1:

consilii,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

magistratuum,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 3:

fallit plerumque, quod probitas vocatur, quae est imbecillitas,

Quint. 6, 4, 12:

neque illos imbecillitatis damnandos,

Tac. A. 4, 8.

impingo ( inp-), pēgi, pactum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. impingier, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 76), v. a. [in-pango], to push, strike, or drive at or into any thing; to thrust, strike, or dash against (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; cf.: incutio, infligo, illido).

Lit.:

pugnum in os impinge,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 5:

mustriculam in dentes, Afran. ap. Fest. s. v. mustricula, p. 148 Müll.: a paucioribus Othonianis quo minus in vallum impingerentur,

would have been driven to, Tac. H. 2, 41:

impactus in carcerem,

Dig. 48, 3, 13; so, to forge on, fix or fasten on:

jubete huic crassas compedes impingier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 76; id. Pers. 4, 4, 24; cf.: fustem alicui, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 9:

lapidem Aesopo,

Phaedr. 3, 5, 7:

laqueum alicui, Sen. Tranq. an. 10: caput parieti,

Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 12:

dentes arbori,

Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 8:

aequor scopulis,

Sil. 12, 187:

agmina muris,

Verg. A. 5, 805; Stat. Th. 7, 28:

impinge pugnum, si muttiverit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 2:

pessimus gubernator, qui navem, dum portum egreditur, impegit,

Quint. 4, 1, 61:

clitellas ferus impingas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 8:

nubes vehementer impactae,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 12: impingere se in columnas, to dash one ' s self against, id. de Ira, 1, 19, 4:

cum caede magna (hostem) in aciem altiore superstantem tumulo inpegere,

Liv. 27, 18, 14.—

Prov.: calcem impingere alicui rei,

i. e. to give it a kick, to cast it aside, Petr. 46; v. calx. —

In gen., to hand, press upon, force upon one (rare):

huic calix mulsi impingendus est, ut plorare desinat,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44:

alicui epistulam,

id. Att. 6, 1, 6; Sen. Ep. 95:

oculum libidinose,

to cast upon, direct to, Tert. Idol. 2.—

Trop., to drive, throw upon, push or force to any thing:

illum libido in contraria impinget,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

aliquem in litem ac molestiam,

id. ib. 117: dicam tibi impingam grandem, I will direct or bring against you, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 92:

naturae munus suum,

to throw in her face, Sen. Prov. 6 fin.:

egestas Catilinam patriae suae impegit,

drove, incited him against, Flor. 3, 12, 12:

quod populos scelerata impegit in arma,

Luc. 6, 406:

beneficium,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1: quocumque visum est, libido se impingit, id. de Ira, 2, 8.