cleft

bĭsulcus, a, um, adj. [bis-sulcus] (twofurrowed), hence, in gen., divided into two parts, two-cleft, cloven ( poet. and in postAug. prose): lingua, forked, Pac. ap. Non. p. 506, 17; Ov. M. 9, 65: pedes, * Lucr. 2, 356; Ov. M. 7, 113; Plin. 11, 45, 105, § 254: ungula, a cloven hoof, id. 8, 21, 30, § 73; 10, 1, 1, § 1:

cauda,

id. 9, 29, 46, § 85:

forcipes,

id. 11, 28, 34, § 97.—

Subst.: bĭsulca, ōrum, n. (sc. animalia), animals with cloven feet (opp. to the solidipedes), Plin. 11, 37, 85, § 212:

cornigera fere bisulca,

id. 11, 46, 106, § 255; 10, 65, 84, § 184; 10, 73, 93, § 199.—Rare in sing.:

bisulcum oryx,

Plin. 11, 46, 106, § 255.

bĭsulcus, a, um, adj. [bis-sulcus] (twofurrowed), hence, in gen., divided into two parts, two-cleft, cloven ( poet. and in postAug. prose): lingua, forked, Pac. ap. Non. p. 506, 17; Ov. M. 9, 65: pedes, * Lucr. 2, 356; Ov. M. 7, 113; Plin. 11, 45, 105, § 254: ungula, a cloven hoof, id. 8, 21, 30, § 73; 10, 1, 1, § 1:

cauda,

id. 9, 29, 46, § 85:

forcipes,

id. 11, 28, 34, § 97.—

Subst.: bĭsulca, ōrum, n. (sc. animalia), animals with cloven feet (opp. to the solidipedes), Plin. 11, 37, 85, § 212:

cornigera fere bisulca,

id. 11, 46, 106, § 255; 10, 65, 84, § 184; 10, 73, 93, § 199.—Rare in sing.:

bisulcum oryx,

Plin. 11, 46, 106, § 255.

concīsūra, ae, f. [id.].

A dividing, distributing:

aquaram,

Sen. Ep. 100, 6.—

A hollow, chink, cleft, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 63.

findo, fĭdi, fissum, 3, v. a. [root Sanscr. bhid-, to cleave; Germ. beissen; Engl. bite], to cleave, split, part, separate, divide (class.; cf.: scindo, seco, caedo).

Lit.: hoc enim quasi rostro finditur Fibrenus et divisus aequaliter in duas partes latera haec alluit, Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6; cf.:

inimicam findite rostris Hanc terram,

Verg. A. 10, 295:

patrios findere sarculo agros,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 11:

terras vomere,

Ov. A. A. 2, 671:

mare carinā,

Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 35:

Assaraci tellus, quam... Findunt Scamandri flumina,

Hor. Epod. 13, 14:

hiulca siti findit Canis aestifer arva,

Verg. G. 2, 353; cf.:

arentes cum findit Sirius agros,

Tib. 1, 7, 21:

rubra Canicula findet Statuas,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 39:

os,

Cels. 8, 4 med.; cf. id. 8, 3 fin.:

specularis lapis finditur in quamlibet tenues crustas,

Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 160; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 21:

hic locus est, partes ubi se via findit in ambas,

Verg. A. 6, 540; id. G. 2, 78; Ov. M. 4, 65.—

In part. perf.:

fissa ferarum ungula,

Lucr. 4, 680:

ungulae equi,

Suet. Caes. 61:

lingua in partes duas,

Ov. M. 4, 585:

lignum,

Verg. A. 9, 413:

ferulae,

Cels. 8, 10; cf. id. 8, 3 fin. —

Mid., to split, burst ( poet. and very rare):

turgescit bilis: findor,

I am ready to burst with rage, Pers. 3, 8:

cor meum et cerebrum finditur,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 4, 17: Marsis finduntur cantibus angues, Ov. Med. fac. 39.—

Trop., to divide ( poet. and very seldom):

Idus sunt agendae, Qui dies mensem Veneris marinae Findit Aprilem,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 16:

fissa voluntas,

Prud. Psych. 760.—Hence, fissum, i, n., a cleft, slit, fissure.

In gen. (very rare):

postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 7:

ad ani fissa,

Cels. 5, 20, 5.—

Esp., in the lang. of augurs, of the divided liver:

jecorum,

Cic. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf.:

fissum in exitis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16;

jecoris,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14:

familiare et vitale,

id. Div. 2, 13, 32.

hĭātus, ūs, m. [id.], an opening, aperture, cleft (class. in sing. and plur.; cf. rima, rictus).

Lit.:

animalia cibum partim oris hiatu et dentibus ipsis capessunt, partim unguium tenacitate arripiunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

oris,

Suet. Claud. 27; Verg. A. 11, 680.—Without oris:

ne immodicus hiatus rictum distendat,

Quint. 1, 11, 9:

extremus exspirantis,

id. 6, 2, 31:

Nemeaeus magnus hiatus Ille leonis,

Lucr. 5, 24; cf.:

quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra,

i. e. open mouths, Verg. A. 6, 576; Ov. M. 7, 557; 11, 61; Val. Fl. 1, 34:

personae pallentis hiatus,

Juv. 3, 175:

magno sublimis pardus hiatu,

id. 11, 123; Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 38; cf.

of Boreas: imbres, sicco quos asper hiatu Persolidat Boreas,

with a dry throat, dry breath, Stat. Th. 1, 352:

repentini terrarum hiatus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 5, 14:

hauriri urbes terrae hiatibus,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 119; cf.:

qui (Gyges) descendit in illum hiatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38:

neu distracta (Natura) suum late dispandat hiatum,

Lucr. 6, 599:

quantum caeli patet altus hiatus,

id. 4, 418; cf. id. 5, 375:

fit et caeli ipsius hiatus, quod vocant chasma,

Plin. 2, 26, 26, § 96:

corticis bipedalis hiatus,

id. 16, 12, 23, § 57:

hiatus patuli fontis,

i. e. basin, Ov. M. 3, 162:

specus est tenebroso caecus hiatu,

aperture, id. ib. 7, 409:

veteris rimae cum texit hiatum,

Juv. 3, 195.— Poet.:

quid dignum tanto feret hic promissor hiatu?

i. e. of such pompous language, high-flown style, Hor. A. P. 138; cf. Juv. 6, 636.—

Trop.

In gen., an eager desire, longing (so used by Tac.):

libidine sanguinis et hiatu praemiorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42.—

In partic., in gram., a hiatus: habet enim ille tamquam hiatus concursu vocalium molle quiddam et quod indicet non ingratam negligentiam, Cic. Or. 23, 77; Quint. 9, 4, 33:

(Catullus) amans hiatus illius Homerici suavitatem, ebriosa dixit propter insequentis a litterae (verbi acinae) concentum,

Gell. 7, 20, 6.

hĭulcus, a, um, adj. [hio], gaping, split, cleft, opened, open.

Lit. (only poet.):

ubi hiulca siti findit Canis aestifer arva,

Verg. G. 2, 353:

Aegyptus,

Stat. Th. 4, 708:

venae fluminis,

id. ib. 9, 450:

juga montis Tauri,

Sol. 38 fin.:

nubes, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 206: nimbi,

id. Rapt. Pros. 2, 230:

vulnus,

Sid. Ep. 6, 7:

ova,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 4 praef.: mucro, i. e. ungues ferrei, Prud. steph. 10, 452:

ictus,

id. ib. 5, 113.—

Poet. transf., act., cleaving, destroying:

fulmen,

Stat. Th. 1, 26.—

Trop.

Of speech, gaping, not well connected, forming a hiatus (class.):

struere verba sic, ut neve asper eorum concursus neve hiulcus sit, sed quodammodo coagmentatus et levis,

Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; cf.:

hiulcae voces,

id. Or. 44, 150:

nonnumquam hiulca etiam decent,

Quint. 9, 4, 36.—

Eager, longing for any thing:

gens,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 9.—

* Adv.: hiulcē (acc. to II. A.), of speech, in a gaping manner, with a hiatus:

non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, non hiulce, sed presse et aequabiliter et leniter (loqui),

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45.

lăcūna (collateral form lŭcūna; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. vol. 2, p. 205; lăcūnā-tūra, App. Flor. 15, p. 351, 2 Hildebrand; v. infra), ae, f. [lacus], a ditch, pit, hole; esp. a place where water collects, a pool, pond.

Lit. (mostly poet.): lacuna, id est aquae collectio, a lacu derivatur, quam alii lamam, alii lustrum dicunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 117 Müll.:

vastae,

Lucr. 6, 552:

vastae Orci,

id. 1, 116; 6, 538:

cavae,

Verg. G. 1, 117; 3, 365.— Poet.:

salsae,

i. e. the sea, Lucr. 5, 794; 3, 1044; also,

Neptuniae,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15:

caecas lustravit luce lacunas,

Cic. Arat. 431.—

In gen., a hollow, cavity, opening, chasm, cleft:

cum supercilia cana, et sub ea lacunae, dicunt, eum equum habere annos sedecim,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 3; 1, 29, 3; cf.:

atque lacunarum fuerant vestigia cuique,

Lucr. 5, 1261; Vitr. 7, 1, 4:

labrum superius sub ipsa medietate narium lacuna quadam levi, quasi valle, signavit deus,

Lact. Op. D. 10:

genae teretes ac medio mento lacuna,

a dimple, App. Flor. p. 351 (Hildebr., lacunatura).—

Trop., a gap, void, defect, want, loss (rare but class.):

est, qui expleas duplicem istam lacunam,

to fill up the double void, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 28:

ut illam lacunam rei familiaris expleant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138:

lacuna in auro,

id. Att. 12, 6, 1:

illa labes et quasi lacuna famae,

Gell. 1, 3, 23.

morsus, a, um, Part., from mordeo.

morsus, ūs, m. [mordeo], a biting, a bite.

Lit.: contra avium minorum morsus munitur vallo aristarum. Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

serpentis,

id. Fat. 16, 36:

morsu apprehendere,

to bite, Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 84:

morsibus insequi,

Ov. M. 13, 568:

morsu appetere,

Tac. H. 4, 42:

nec tu mensarum morsus horresce futuros,

the eating, Verg. A. 3, 394:

mucida frusta farinae... non admittentia morsum,

Juv. 5, 69:

vertere morsus Exiguam in Cererem penuria adegit edendi,

their bites, their teeth, id. ib. 7, [p. 1167] 112; so,

zonam morsu tenere,

by the teeth, Juv. 14, 297.—

Transf.

A catching hold; and, concr., that which takes hold, a catch (of a buckle, etc.; poet.):

quā fibulā morsus Loricae crebro laxata resolverat ictu,

Sil. 7, 624:

roboris,

i. e. the cleft of the tree which held fast the javelin, Verg. A. 12, 782:

patulis agitatos morsibus ignes spirent,

Grat. Falisc. 270.—

Sharpness of flavor, sharp taste, pungency:

nec cibus ipse juvat morsu fraudatus aceti,

Mart. 7, 25, 5:

marinus,

acrid quality, Plin. 36, 26, 65, § 191:

et scabros nigrae morsu rubiginis enses,

i. e. a corroding, consuming, Luc. 1, 243.—

Trop., a bite, sting, pain, vexation, etc.:

(carmina) odio obscuro morsuque venenare,

a malicious attack, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 38:

perpetui curarum morsus,

gnawings, pains, Ov. P. 1, 1, 73:

doloris,

a bite, sting, Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 15:

libertatis intermissae,

id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

dubiā morsus famae depellere pugnā,

Sil. 2, 271.

quā̆drĭfĭdus, a, um, adj. [quattuorfindo], four-cleft, split into four parts, quadrifid ( poet.).

Lit.:

quadrifidas sudes,

Verg. G. 2, 25:

quadrifidam quercum Scindebat,

was cleaving in four, id. A. 7, 509:

quadrifidā trabe fingere tela Jovis,

Val. Fl. 1, 663:

ridicae,

Col. 4, 33, 4.—

Transf., in gen., divided into four parts: labor, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 268.

rīma, ae, f. [for rigma, from rig, ringor; hence, that gapes, yawns], a cleft, crack, chink, fissure (cf. hiatus):

angusta,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 29:

cava,

Prop. 1, 16, 27:

patet,

Ov. M. 11, 515; cf.

hiscit,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 108:

tabernae rimas agunt,

are cracked, Cic. Att. 14, 9, 1; so,

rimas agere,

Ov. M. 2, 211; 10, 512;

and in a like sense, ducere,

id. ib. 4, 65:

facere,

to make, id. Tr. 2, 85: explere, to stop up, Cic, Or. 69, 231; cf.:

nec te signata juvabunt Limina, persuasae fallere rima sat est,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 146.—

= cunnus, Juv. 3, 97.— Poet.: ignea rima micans, i. e. a flash of lightning (qs. cleaving the sky), Verg. A. 8, 392; imitated by Plin. 2, 43, 43, [p. 1596] § 112.—

Transf., comically: plenus rimarum sum: hac atque hac perfluo, I am full of chinks, i. e. can keep nothing to myself, conceal nothing, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25 (opp. tacere, continere); Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 24.

scindo, scĭdi, scissum, 3 (old perf. redupl. scicidi, Enn., Naev., Att, and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 890 P.; or Enn. p. 133 Vanl.; Com. Rel. pp. 19 and 164 Rib.; cf. also, sciciderat. [p. 1643] Gell 6, 9, 16), v. a. [akin to Gr. schizô, to split; cf. Germ. scheiden, and Lat. scio], to cut, tear, rend, or break asunder; to split, cleave, divide, or separate by force, etc. (freq. and class.; but in tempp.perf. ante-class.and postAug.; syn.: findo, rumpo).

Lit.: quom saxum scisciderit, Enn. ap. Prisc. l. l.: non ergo aquila scisciderat pectus, Att. ib. and ap. Gell. l. l.: satis fortiter vestras sciscidistis colus, Afran. ap. Prisc. l. l.: scindens dolore identidem intonsam comam, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 62:

crines,

Verg. A. 12, 870; Ov. M. 11, 683:

capillos,

id. H. 3, 79; Tib. 1, 10, 55; cf.

, in a Greek construction: scissaeque capillos matres,

Ov. M. 8, 526:

vela,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18:

epistulam,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 9:

vestem,

to tear open, Liv. 3, 58; Quint. 2, 15, 7; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 18; Ov. M. 9, 166; Hor. C. 1, 17, 27; cf.:

vestem tibi de corpore,

Prop. 2, 5, 21:

pecora scindunt herbarum radices,

Col. 2, 18, 2:

asini me mordicibus scindant,

tear, lacerate, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 57:

sinus,

Ov. M. 10, 386:

latus flagello,

id. Ib. 185:

lacerum corpus ictibus innumeris,

Sil. 1, 172:

vitiato fistula plumbo Scinditur,

bursts open, Ov. M. 4, 123; cf.:

et faceret scissas languida ruga genas,

wrinkled, Prop. 3, 10, 6:

vallum,

to break through, tear up, Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 51; Liv. 7, 37; Tac. H. 4, 28:

limen portae,

to break in pieces, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 31:

pontem,

to break down, id. ib. 5, 26:

cuneis lignum,

to split, cleave, Verg. G. 1, 144:

quercum cuneis,

id. A. 7, 510:

cuneis fissile robur,

id. ib. 6, 182; cf.:

ferro aequor (i. e. humum),

id. G. 1, 50; cf.

solum,

id. ib. 2, 399:

vomere terram,

Ov. A. A. 2, 671:

freta ictu (remorum),

id. M. 11, 463:

puppis aquas,

id. Tr. 1, 10, 48:

fluvios natatu,

Claud. Cons. Hon. 4, 347:

tellurem mare scindit,

Luc. 3, 61:

agmen,

Tac. A. 1, 65 et saep.:

labra,

to open wide, Quint. 11, 3, 81:

obsonium,

to cut up, carve, Sen. Vit. Beat. 17; cf.

nihil (edulium),

Mart. 3, 12, 2:

aves in frusta,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12.—

Prov.: penulam alicui, to tear off one's travelling cloak, i.e. to urge, press, solicit one to stay, Cic. Att. 13, 33, 4.—

Transf., to part, separate, divide; of places:

dirimit scinditque Sueviam continuum montium jugum,

Tac. G. 43:

frons Italia in duo se cornua scindit,

Mel. 2, 4, 7.—

Mid.: omnis Italia scinditur in duo promuntoria,

Sall. H. 4, 18 Dietsch.—In gen.:

se (lutamenta),

Cato, R. R. 128:

se (nubes),

Verg. A. 1, 587.—Mid.:

omnis fumus, vapor, etc.... scinduntur per iter flexum,

Lucr. 4, 91:

scinditur in geminas partes circumfluus amnis,

Ov. M. 15, 739; Luc. 1, 551.— Absol.:

sentes quod tetigere, ilico rapiunt: si eas ereptum, ilico scindunt,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 2.—

To destroy:

scindunt proceres Pergamum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 130.—

Trop., to tear in pieces, to distract, agitate, disturb, etc.:

aliquem quāvis scindunt cuppedine curae,

Lucr. 3, 994:

quantae tum scindunt hominem cuppedinis acres Sollicitum curae,

id. 5, 46: nolo commemorare, quibus rebus sim spoliatus, ne scindam ipse dolorem meum, tear open, i. e. renew my grief, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2:

non sine piaculo sanctissimas necessitudines scindi,

to be sundered, separated, Plin. Pan. 37 fin.:

ut (actio) noctis interventu scinderetur,

was interrupted, id. Ep. 2, 11, 16:

verba fletu,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 157:

vox scinditur,

is broken, cracked, Quint. 11, 3, 20:

sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno,

divides, branches off, Verg. A. 8, 142; cf.: scidit deinde se studium atque inertiā factum est, ut artes esse plures viderentur, was separated, divided, Quint. prooem. § 13; cf.:

naturalis pars philosophiae in duo scinditur corporalia et incorporalia,

Sen. Ep. 89, 16:

scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus,

Verg. A. 2, 39; cf. Tac. H. 1, 13:

scindebatur in multiplices curas,

Amm. 16, 3, 3.—Hence, scissus, a, um, P. a., split, cleft, divided.

Lit.:

folia pluribus divisuris,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 48:

vitis folio,

id. 14, 2, 4, § 23:

scissae (aures) cervis ac velut divisae,

id. 11, 37, 50, § 136:

alumen,

Col. 6, 13, 1 (for which:

scissile alumen,

Cels. 5, 2; 6, 11):

vestibus,

Vulg. Job, 2, 12.—

Trop.:

genus vocum,

harsh, grating, Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—No comp., sup., or adv.

scissĭlis, e, adj. [scindo].

That may easily be split, cleft, or rent:

alumen,

Cels. 5, 2; 6, 11:

lapis,

id. 6, 6, 30.—

(Postclass.) scissus, a, um, rent, torn:

palliastrum,

App. M. 1, p. 104, 27; cf.

centunculus,

id. 9, p. 222, 27:

fasciae,

Veg. 3, 47, 3.

scissūra, ae, f. [id.], a tearing, rending, dividing; a rent, cleft, scissure (postAug.).

Lit., Sen. Q. N. 6, 2:

ad scissuram Nili,

Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 50; 11, 28, 34, § 100:

sal rectis scissuris,

id. 31, 7, 39, § 79; Pall. Mai, 12; Vulg. Matt. 9, 16.—

Trop.:

domestica turbat rem populi,

Prud. Psych. 756:

audio scissuras esse inter vos,

Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 18.