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1 aestivus
aestīvus, a, um, adj. [aestas], of or pertaining to summer, summer-like, summer (freq. and class.):II.Quo pacto aestivis e partibus Aegocerotis Brumalīs adeat flexus,
turns from the hot region of heaven to the wintry sign of Capricorn, Lucr. 5, 615; so id. 5, 639:aestivos menses rei militari dare, hibernos juris dictioni,
Cic. Att. 5, 14:tempora, dies,
summer time, summer days, id. Verr. 2, 5, 31:sol,
Verg. G. 4, 28:aura,
Hor. C. 1, 22, 18:umbra,
Ov. M. 13, 793:rus,
Mart. 8, 61:per aestivos saltus deviasque calles exercitum ducimus,
through woods, where flocks were driven for summer pasture, Liv. 22, 14:aves,
summer birds, id. 5, 6:animalia,
the insects of summer, Plin. 9, 47, 71, § 154:expeditiones,
which were undertaken in summer, Vell. 2, 114: castra, a summer camp (constructed differently from a winter camp), Suet. Claud. 1.—Hence,Subst.: aestīva, ōrum, n.A.For a summer camp, ta therina:B.dum in aestivis essemus,
Cic. Att. 5, 17; id. Fam. 2, 13: aestiva praetoris, of a pleasure-camp, pleasurehouse, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 37.—The time appropriate for a campaign (cf. aestas; often continuing until December; v. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 2, 7);C.hence,
a campaign, Cic. Pis. 40: aestivis confectis, after the campaign was ended (which did not take place until the Saturnalia, XIV. Kal. Januar.), id. Fam. 3, 9 fin.:perducere aestiva in mensem Decembrem,
Vell. 2, 105.—Summer pastures for cattle:per montium aestiva,
Plin. 24, 6, 19, § 28.— Meton. for the cattle themselves:Nec singula morbi Corpora corripiunt, sed tota aestiva,
Verg. G. 3, 472.— Hence, * adv.: aestīvē, in a summer-like manner, as in summer: admodum aestive viaticati sumus, we are furnished in a very summer-like manner with money for our journey, i. e. we have but little (the figure taken from the light dress of summer;or, acc. to others, from the scanty provisions which soldiers took with them in summer),
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 30. -
2 expedītiō
expedītiō ōnis, f [expedio], an enterprise against the enemy, expedition, campaign: hiberna, L.: milites in expeditionem misit, Cs.: in expeditionem proficisci, S.: adsuetus expeditionibus miles, Ta.: in expeditionibus, marches, L.* * *expedition, campaign; rapid march; account; proof by elimination -
3 aestīva
aestīva ōrum, n [aestivus; sc. castra], a summer camp, summer resort: praetoris, a pleasure camp.—Meton., time spent in a summer camp, a campaign: aestivorum tempus, season for military operations, S. — (Sc. loca), summer pastures for cattle. — Poet.: morbi corripiunt tota aestiva, whole pastures, i. e. flocks, V. -
4 mīlitia
mīlitia ae, f [miles], military service, warfare, war: cogere ad militiam eos, S.: cedat otium militiae: militiam discere, S.: ferre, H.: tolerare, V.: detrectare, O.: militiae vacatio, exemption from military service, Cs.: fraterna, civil war, Tb.: Militiā tali lacessere Teucros, V.: piae Pars sis militiae, share in, O.: militiae honorem, military honors, Iu.: militiā, in war (opp. togā), Iu.: militiae, in war, in the army.—In phrases with domi, at home and abroad, at home and in the army: virtus domi militiaeque cognita: militiae domique, L.: militiae et domi, T.— The soldiery, military: Hic pars militiae, O.: magister militiae, general, L.— A service, laborious employment: urbana respondendi, scribendi, etc.: Haec mea militia est, O.* * *military service; campaign -
5 pulvis
pulvis eris, m or (rarely) f [1 PAL-], dust, powder: multus in calceis: pulveris vim magnam animadvortunt, S.: qui (ventus) nubes pulveris vehit, L.: nigro glomerari pulvere nubem, V.: pulverem Olympicum Conlegisse, H.: pulvere sparsi iuvenes, Ph.: caeco pulvere campus Miscetur, V.: pulverem excutere, O.: numquam eruditum illum pulverem attigistis, i. e. drew geometrical figures in sand: quas (formas) in pulvere descripserat, L.: amomi, powder, O.: carbonis, coal-dust, O.: Etrusca, earth, Pr.: Pulvis et umbra sumus, ashes, H.: hibernus, i. e. a dry winter, V.: duces Non indecoro pulvere sordidi, i. e. the dust of a successful campaign, H.—Prov.: sulcos in pulvere ducere, i. e. to labor to no purpose, Iu.— A scene of action, field, arena: doctrinam in solem atque in pulverem produxit, i. e. before the public: Inque suo noster pulvere currat equus, on his own field, O.: domitant in pulvere currūs, V.— Toil, effort, labor: condicio dulcis sine pulvere palmae, H.: patiens pulveris atque solis, H.* * *dust, powder; sand -
6 rēs
rēs reī, f [RA-], a thing, object, matter, affair, business, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case: divinarum humanarumque rerum cognitio: te ut ulla res frangat?: relictis rebus suis omnibus: rem omnibus narrare: si res postulabit, the case: re bene gestā: scriptor rerum suarum, annalist: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.: magna res principio statim belli, a great advantage, L.: Nil admirari prope res est una, quae, etc., the only thing, H.: rerum, facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, V.: fortissima rerum animalia, O.: dulcissime rerum, H.— A circumstance, condition: In' in malam rem, go to the bad, T.: mala res, a wretched condition, S.: res secundae, good-fortune, H.: prosperae res, N.: in secundissimis rebus: adversa belli res, L.: dubiae res, S.—In phrases with e or pro: E re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, T.: pro re natā, according to circumstances: consilium pro tempore et pro re capere, as circumstances should require, Cs.: pro re pauca loquar, V.: ex re et ex tempore.—With an adj. in circumlocution: abhorrens ab re uxoriā<*> matrimony, T.: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry: belhcam rem administrari, a battle: pecuaria res et rustica, cattle: liber de rebus rusticis, agriculture: res frumentaria, forage, Cs.: res iudiciaria, the administration of justice: res ludicra, play, H.: Veneris res, O.— A subject, story, events, facts, history: cui lecta potenter erit res, H.: agitur res in scaenis, H.: res populi R. perscribere, L.: res Persicae, history, N.— An actual thing, reality, verity, truth, fact: ipsam rem loqui, T.: nihil est aliud in re, in fact, L.: se ipsa res aperit, N.: quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā.— Abl adverb., in fact, in truth, really, actually: eos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt: verbo permittere, re hortari: hoc verbo ac simulatione Apronio, re verā tibi obiectum: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur: venit, specie ut indutiae essent, re verā ad petendum veniam, L.— Effects, substance, property, possessions, estate: et re salvā et perditā, T.: talentūm rem decem, T.: res eos iampridem, fides nuper deficere coepit: in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, H.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus: privatae res.— A benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: Quasi istic mea res minor agatur quam tua, is concerned, T.: Si in remst utrique, ut fiant, if it is a good thing for both, T.: in rem fore credens universos adpellare, useful, S.: imperat quae in rem sunt, L.: Non ex re istius, not for his good, T.: contra rem suam me venisse questus est: minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, T.: ob rem facere, advantageously, S.: haec haud ab re duxi referre, irrelevant, L.: non ab re esse, useless, L.— A cause, reason, ground, account.—In the phrase, eā re, therefore: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.; see also quā re, quam ob rem.— An affair, matter of business, business: multa inter se communicare et de re Gallicanā: tecum mihi res est, my business is: erat res ei cum exercitu, he had to deal: cum his mihi res sit, let me attend to, Cs.: quocum tum uno rem habebam, had relations, T.— A case in law, lawsuit, cause, suit, action: utrum rem an litem dici oporteret: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, L. (old form.): capere pecunias ob rem iudicandam.— An affair, battle, campaign, military operation: res gesta virtute: ut res gesta est narrabo ordine, T.: his rebus gestis, Cs.: bene rem gerere, H.: res gestae, military achievements, H.—Of the state, in the phrase, res publica (often written respublica, res p.), the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic: dum modo calamitas a rei p. periculis seiungatur: si re p. non possis frui, stultum nolle privatā, public life: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem p. sustinere: auguratum est, rem Romanam p. summam fore: paene victā re p.: rem p. delere.—In the phrase, e re publicā, for the good of the state, for the common weal, in the public interests: senatūs consultis bene et e re p. factis: uti e re p. fideque suā videretur. — Plur: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum p.: utiliores rebus suis publicis esse.—Without publica, the state, commonwealth, government: Unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. C.: Hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam Sistet, V.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, L.: res Asiae evertere, V.: Custode rerum Caesare, H.—In the phrase, rerum potiri, to obtain the sovereignty, control the government: qui rerum potiri volunt: dum ea (civitas) rerum potita est, become supreme.—In the phrase, res novae, political change, revolution.* * *Ithing; event, business; fact; cause; propertyIIres; (20th letter of Hebrew alphabet); (transliterate as R) -
7 tīrōcinium
tīrōcinium ī, n [tiro].—In the army, a soldier's first service, military inexperience. senatus cum simul et tirocinio et perturbatione iuvenis moveretur, L.— Young troops, raw forces, recruits: contemptum tirocinium, L.— A beginning, rudimentary effort, pupilage: in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere, L.* * *military inexperience; recruits, raw forces; first campaign; pupilage, youth -
8 expeditio
expĕdītĭo, ōnis, f. [expedio].I.Milit. t. t., an enterprise against the enemy, an expedition, campaign: tripartito milites equitesque in expeditionem misit, * Caes. B. G. 5, 10, 1; cf.: in expeditionem exercitum educere, * Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; Hirt. B. G. 8, 34, 3; Suet. Caes. 46; id. Aug. 8; 25 et saep.; Curt. 7, 9; Plin. 12, 6, 12, § 24 al.—* B.Transf., of bees:II.apes noctu deprehensae in expeditione, excubant supinae,
Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 19.—In rhetoric.* A.An unfolding, developing, settling, determining:* B.habet paucis comprehensa brevitas multarum rerum expeditionem,
Auct. Her. 4, 54, 68.—A figure of speech, a despatching, removing, Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40. —III.In architect., an arranging, preparing of buildings, Vitr. 6, 5, 3; 8, 6, 5 Schneid. -
9 militia
mīlĭtĭa, ae (-āi, Lucr. 1, 29), f. [id.], military service, warfare, war.I.Lit.:B.in militiae disciplinam profectus est,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:militiam subterfugere,
id. Off. 3, 26, 97:ferre,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 55:tolerare,
Verg. A. 8, 516:munus militiae sustinere,
Caes. B. G. 6, 18:militiae vacatio,
exemption from military service, id. ib. 6, 14:militiae magna scientia,
Sall. J. 63, 2:militiam discere,
id. C. 7, 4:praeclara,
Vell. 2, 5, 1:Pompeii,
id. 2, 40, 1:adversus Graecos,
Just. 20, 1, 3:lentas militias,
Tib. 1, 3, 82:Cimbrica Teutonicaque,
Vell. 2, 120, 1:militiae honorem,
military honors, Juv. 7, 88.—Esp.1.Abl. militiā, in war, opp. togā, in peace, Juv. 10, 9.—2.Gen. militiae, in military service, or on a campaign, in the field; freq. in phrase: domi militiaeque, at home and abroad, at home and with the army:C.quorum virtus fuerat domi militiaeque cognita,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 55; cf.:et domi et militiae,
id. de Or. 3, 33, 134:militiae domique,
Liv. 7, 32:militiae et domi,
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 49.—Also without domi, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6; Sall. J. 84, 2; Tac. H. 2, 5.—Trop., of love:II.at confidentia militia illa militatur multo magis quam pondere,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 50;so of an inattentive lover: pro infrequente eum mittat militiā domum,
id. Truc. 2, 1, 19.—Transf.A.Military spirit, courage, bravery:B.virilis militiae uxor,
Flor. 4, 5.—Concr., the soldiery, military (syn.:C.milites, exercitus, copiae): hic pars militiae, dux erat ille ducum,
Ov. H. 8, 46:Romanae militiae decus,
Val. Max. 1, 6, 11:cum omni militiā interficitur,
Just. 32, 2, 2; Plin. 4, 14, 27, § 97:qua (lex) maxima apud eos vis cogendae militiae erat,
Liv. 4, 26, 3: magister militiae, general, id. 22, 23, 2:caelestis,
Vulg. Luc. 2, 13.—So trop.:militia caeli,
i. e. the heavenly bodies, Vulg. Act. 7, 42; id. Deut. 17, 3.—A civil service, office, profession, employment, esp. a laborious one:D.hanc urbanam militiam respondendi, scribendi, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 9, 19:haec mea militia est,
Ov. F. 2, 9.—Of swallows building their nests:eaque militia illis cum anno redit semper,
Plin. 10, 33, 49, § 95.—Any special work of difficulty, requiring a great effort:E.completa est militia ejus,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 2:arma militiae nostrae non carnalia,
id. 2 Cor. 10, 4:bona,
id. 1 Tim. 1, 18.—Under the emperors (like miles), an office or employment at court, Prud. Cath. 19; Cod. Just. 3, 25. -
10 res
rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;I.and in the middle of the verse,
id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).In gen.:B.unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,
Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,
id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,
Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:rerum natura creatrix,
id. 2, 1117:divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):haeret haec res,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,
id. ib. 2, 1, 19:haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,
id. ib. 2, 1, 23:de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,
id. ib. prol. 110:in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),
Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,
from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:si res postulabit,
the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,
does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:C.illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,
is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,res mala,
a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,
circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:res secundae,
good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:res prosperae,
Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:in secundissimis rebus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:adversae res,
id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:res belli adversae,
Liv. 10, 6:res dubiae,
Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,
go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:malam rem hinc ibis?
id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—With an adj. in a periphrasis:D.abhorrens ab re uxoriā,
matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:in arbitrio rei uxoriae,
dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,
a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,
Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,
Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:rei rusticae libro primo,
Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
Cic. Sen. 15, 54:navalis rei certamina,
naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:res militaris,
Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:rei militaris gloria,
id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:res frumentaria,
forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:armatae rei scientissimus,
Amm. 25, 4, 7:peritus aquariae rei,
id. 28, 2, 2:res judicaria,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:res ludicra,
play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:uti rebus veneriis,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:res Veneris,
Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:E.ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,
this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:Ea res est,
it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,
of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,
Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,
every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,
nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,
id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:magna res principio statim bello,
a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,
the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,
the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:maxime rerum,
Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:maxima rerum Roma,
Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:fortissima rerum animalia,
id. ib. 12, 502:pulcherrime rerum,
id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:dulcissime rerum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—In adverb. phrases:II.e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,
after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:pro re natā,
according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:pro tempore et pro re,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:factis benignus pro re,
according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:pro re pauca loquar,
Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:ex re et ex tempore,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:e re respondi,
Cat. 10, 8.In partic.A.Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:B.ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:rem fabulari,
Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:nihil est aliud in re,
in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:se ipsa res aperit,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7:ex re decerpere fructus,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,
id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,
Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,
id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,
Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,re quidem verā,
id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:re autem verā,
id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;and simply re verā,
id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:re verāque,
Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:et re verā,
indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—Effects, substance, property, possessions:2.mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:rem talentum decem,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:avidior ad rem,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:rem facere,
to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,
id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:libertino natum patre et in tenui re,
in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):privatae res,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):C.res corporales,
Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,
Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:res sanctae,
Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:D.res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:haec tuā re feceris,
to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,
is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):si in rem tuam esse videatur,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:vide si hoc in rem deputas,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:quod in rem recte conducat tuam,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:si in remst utrique,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,
useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,
Sall. C. 20, 1:omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,
Curt. 6, 2, 21:ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,
Liv. 30, 4, 6:imperat quae in rem sunt,
id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,
for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:haud id est ab re aucupis,
id. As. 1, 3, 71:haec haud ab re duxi referre,
Liv. 8, 11, 1:non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,
id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:E.eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,
Cato, R. R. 158, 2:hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,
Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:quoi rei?
for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—An affair, matter of business, business:F.cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,
Cic. Quint. 4, 15:rem cum aliquo transigere,
id. Clu. 13, 39. —Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,
to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:quoniam cum senatore res est,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,
to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):G.ubi res prolatae sunt,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:res agi,
id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,
Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,
Liv. 1, 32:de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:si res certabitur olim,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,
Dig. 3, 3, 12:rem differre,
ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:H.res gesta virtute,
Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:ut res gesta est ordine narrare,
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:his rebus gestis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:res gerere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:rem bene gerere,
id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:comminus rem gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 44:res gestae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:adversus duos simul rem gerere,
Liv. 21, 60:rem male gerere,
Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,
Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:rem agere,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:ante rem,
before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,
Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:K.res in unam sententiam scripta,
Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:cui lecta potenter erit res,
Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:in medias res auditorem rapere,
id. A. P. 148; 310:agitur res in scaenis,
id. ib. 179; cf.:numeros animosque secutus, non res,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,
Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,
history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:2.erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,
Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,
id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,
id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,
id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,
id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:merere de republicā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 40:de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:oppugnare rem publicam,
id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:paene victā re publicā,
id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:delere rem publicam,
id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,
Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,
id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):L.hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,
Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,
Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,
id. 6, 41 fin.:Romana,
Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,
Liv. 1, 28 fin.:Albana,
id. 1, 6.— In plur.:res Asiae evertere,
Verg. A. 3, 1:custode rerum Caesare,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:res sine discordiā translatae,
Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus. -
11 stipendium
stīpendĭum, ii, n. [contr. from stipipendium, from stips-pendo].I.In publicists' lang., a tax, impost, tribute, contribution (payable in money; whereas vectigal in kind; the former being regarded as the more humiliating; v. stipendiarius, I.): Poeni stipendia pendunt, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll. (Ann. v. 269 Vahl.); so,B.pendere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44; 5, 27; Sall. C. 20, 7; Liv. 2, 9; 21, 10:conferre,
id. 33, 42:solvere,
id. 39, 7:imponere victis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44; 7, 54:stipendio liberare aliquem,
id. 5, 27:de stipendio recusare,
id. ib. 1, 44:stipendi spem facere,
Liv. 28, 25, 9.—Transf.1.In gen., tribute, dues ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):2.indomito nec dira ferens stipendia tauro (sc. Minotauro),
Cat. 64, 173:quae finis aut quod me manet stipendium?
penalty, Hor. Epod. 17, 36:alii tamen obscuriores (scriptores) aliquod stipendium nostro studio contulerunt,
contribution, Col. 1, 1, 10.—Income, subsistence, salary:II.iis, ut adsiduae templi antistites essent, stipendium de publico statuit,
Liv. 1, 20, 3.—In milit. lang., pay, stipend in full:B.stipendium militare,
Liv. 4, 60, 5; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 45;commonly stipendium alone: militis stipendia ideo, quod eam stipem pendebant,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.; cf. Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; Liv. 4, 59 and 60:cum stipendium ab legionibus flagitaretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 87:numerare militibus,
Cic. Pis. 36, 88:persolvere,
id. Att. 5, 14, 1: dare, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 26; Liv. 2, 12; 5, 12; cf.:dare pecuniam in stipendium,
Caes. B. C. 1, 23; Liv. 27, 9 fin.:accipere,
id. 5, 4:stipendio afficere exercitum,
Cic. Balb. 27, 61:augere,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110:fraudare,
id. ib. 3, 59:stipendium duum mensium,
Curt. 5, 1, 45:dum in calamitosis stipendiis versaretur,
might get pay by the misfortunes of others, Amm. 19, 12, 2.—Transf., military service (mostly in plur.):2.merere stipendia,
Cic. Mur. 5, 12:stipendia merere (mereri),
to perform military service, to serve, id. Cael. 5, 11; id. de Or. 2, 64, 258; also,facere,
Sall. J. 63, 3; Liv. 3, 27; 5, 7; 42, 34 al.; cf.:opulenta ac ditia facere,
id. 21, 43:emereri,
to complete the time of service, to serve out one's time, id. 25, 6; Cic. Sen. 14, 49; Sall. J. 84, 2; Liv. 3, 57; Val. Max. 6, 1, 10;v. emereo, II.: auxiliaria stipendia mereri,
Tac. A. 2, 52:numerare,
Liv. 4, 58:enumerare,
id. 3, 58:qui (milites) jam stipendiis confecti erant,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 26; cf.:stipendiis exhausti,
Liv. 27, 9:adulescentuli statim castrensibus stipendiis imbuebantur,
Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 5.— Sing.:homo nullius stipendii,
Sall. J. 85, 10:exercitui dare,
id. H. 2, 96, 6 Dietsch:sextus decimus stipendii annus,
Tac. A. 1, 17.—In partic., military service of a year, a year's service, a campaign:C.si in singulis stipendiis is ad hostes exuvias dabit,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 36:quod tricena aut quadragena stipendia senes tolerent,
Tac. A. 1, 17:vicena stipendia meritis,
id. ib. 1, 36:stipendia sua numerari jubebant,
Just. 12, 11, 4:qui eorum minime multa stipendia haberet,
Liv. 31, 8 fin.—Sing.:(juventus) octavo jam stipendio functa,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 8, 2; cf.with both numbers together: secundo stipendio dextram manum perdidit, stipendiis duobus ter et vicies vulneratus est,
Plin. 7, 28, 29 § 104.—Trop., in gen., service (very rare):functus omnibus humanae vitae stipendiis,
i. e. duties, Sen. Ep. 93, 4:tamquam emeritis stipendiis libidinis,
Cic. Sen. 14, 49:plurium velut emeritis annorum stipendiis,
Col. 3, 6, 4:rex cui (Hercules) duodecim stipendia debebat,
services, labors, Just. 2, 4, 18. -
12 tirocinium
tīrōcĭnĭum, ii, n. [tiro].I.Lit.A.In milit. lang., the first military service or first campaign of a young soldier, military rawness or inexperience, = rudimentum (perh. not ante-Aug.):B. II.juvenis,
Liv. 39, 47, 3:propter exercitūs paucitatem et tirocinium, Auct. B. Afr. 31, 6: aetatis infirmitas aut militiae tirocinium,
Val. Max. 5, 4, 2:tirocinii rudimenta deponere,
Just. 9, 1, 8. —In plur.:si non solum tirocinia, verum et incunabula in ipsis castris posuissent,
Just. 12, 4, 6; Flor. 2, 3.—Transf., in gen., the first beginning of any thing, the first trial, attempt, or essay:B.si in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere et documentum eloquentiae dare voluit,
Liv. 45, 37, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:nec differendum est tirocinium in senectutem,
Quint. 12, 6, 3; and:tirocinii metum transire,
id. 12, 6, 7: filios suo quemque tirocinio deducere in forum, i. e. after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Aug. 26:dies tirocinii,
id. Tib. 54:togam sumpsit barbamque posuit, sine ullo honore, qualis contigerat tirocinio fratrum ejus,
id. Calig. 10.—Of inanim. things:navium,
i. e. their first voyage, Plin. 24, 7, 26, § 41.—Inexperience:senatus cum simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur,
Liv. 39, 47, 3:nec tirocinio peccet,
Manil. 1, 189.
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