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buildings

  • 81 tipismo

    m.
    local color.
    * * *
    1 picturesqueness, local colour (US color)
    * * *
    SM (=color) local colour, local color (EEUU); (=interés folklórico) picturesqueness; (=tradicionalismo) traditionalism; (=regionalismo) regional character
    * * *
    a) ( cualidad)
    * * *
    a) ( cualidad)
    * * *
    1
    (cualidad): un lugar que atrae por su tipismo a place famous for the local style and architecture of its buildings
    * * *

    tipismo m (carácter típico) local colour
    * * *
    local colour

    Spanish-English dictionary > tipismo

  • 82 pierre

    pierre [pjεʀ]
    feminine noun
    * * *
    pjɛʀ
    1) ( matière) stone
    2) ( morceau) stone, rock

    un désert de pierres — a rocky ou stony wilderness

    ‘chute de pierres’ — ‘falling rocks’

    poser la première pierre — to lay the foundation stone; fig to lay the foundations (de of)

    être amateur de vieilles pierres — fig to be fascinated by old buildings

    3) ( immobilier) property GB, real-estate US
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••
    * * *
    pjɛʀ nf
    * * *
    pierre nf
    1 ( matière) stone; un pont/mur de or en pierre a stone bridge/wall; une maison en pierre de la région a house in local stone;
    2 ( morceau) stone, rock; un mur en pierres sèches a drystone wall; un désert de pierres a rocky ou stony wilderness; ‘attention, chute de pierres’ ‘beware of falling rocks’; poser la première pierre to lay the foundation stone; fig to lay the foundations (de of); être amateur de vieilles pierres fig to be fascinated by old buildings;
    3 ( immobilier) property GB, real-estate US; investir dans la pierre to invest in bricks and mortar; ⇒ blanc, faux, jardin, mousse.
    pierre à aiguiser whetstone; pierre angulaire lit, fig cornerstone; pierre à bâtir building stone; pierre à briquet flint; pierre à chaux limestone; pierre dure semiprecious stone; pierre à feu = pierre à briquet; pierre fine gemstone; pierre à fusil gun flint; pierre gravée engraved stone, intaglio spéc; pierre levée standing stone; pierre de lune moonstone; pierre à plâtre gypsum; pierre ponce pumice stone; pierre précieuse precious stone; pierre de Rosette Archéol Rosetta Stone; pierre de taille dressed stone; pierre tombale tombstone, gravestone; pierre de touche touchstone.
    jeter la pierre à qn to accuse sb; jeter la première pierre Bible to cast the first stone (à at); apporter sa pierre à qch to make one's contribution to sth; faire d'une pierre deux coups to kill two birds with one stone.
    [pjɛr] nom féminin
    1. [matière] stone
    [caillou] stone, rock (US)
    [immobilier]
    les vieilles pierres ruined buildings, ruins
    pierre taillée palaeolith, paleolith
    pierre angulaire (sens propre & figuré) keystone, cornerstone
    3. JOAILLERIE & MINÉRALOGIE
    pierre brute rough ou uncut stone
    pierre fine ou semi-précieuse semi-precious stone
    pierre précieuse gem, precious stone
    pierre de touche (sens propre & figuré) touchstone
    pierre meulièretype of stone common in the Paris area once used for making millstones and as a building material
    5. [instrument]
    6. [stèle]
    pierre funéraire ou tombale tombstone, gravestone
    9. [dans un fruit] (piece of) grit
    ————————
    de pierre locution adverbiale
    être/rester de pierre to be/to remain icy-cool
    son cœur/visage restait de pierre he remained stony-hearted/stony-faced
    pierre à pierre, pierre par pierre locution adverbiale
    pierre sur pierre locution adverbiale
    après le tremblement de terre, il ne restait pas pierre sur pierre not a stone was left standing after the earthquake

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > pierre

  • 83 застроявам

    1. build (up), erect buildings (on a site), overbuild
    * * *
    застроя̀вам,
    гл.
    1. build (up), erect buildings (on a site), overbuild;
    2. ( започвам да строя) begin to build.
    * * *
    build up; overbuild
    * * *
    1. (започвам да строя) begin to build 2. build (up), erect buildings (on a site), overbuild

    Български-английски речник > застроявам

  • 84 издигам

    1. raise
    (повдигам, качвам) lift (up); take/carry/draw/pull up
    (изправям) raise, set up
    издигам знаме hoist/raise a flag, run up a flag
    издигам лозунг raise/shout/launch a slogan
    издигам кандидатурата на някого nominate s.o., put forward s.o.'s candidature, put s.o. up (за for)
    издигам глас на протест lift up/raise a voice of protest
    2. (изграждам) build, erect, construct, raise
    (паметник) erect, put up, raise (на to)
    3. (подпомагам) raise, give a lift, help up
    издигам някого в живота help s.o. (rise) in life, promote s.o.'s advance in life, give s.o. a lift in the world
    4. rise (и прен.). ascend; go/come up
    (прославям се) rise to eminence
    издигат се нови сгради new buildings are going up
    издигам се нагоре (за самолет, птица) rise, mount, soar (up); sweep up
    издигам се в живота advance/rise in life; work o.'s way up
    издигам се от прост войник, издигам се от народа rise from the ranks
    издигам се като художник make o.'s mark as an artist
    издигам се в очите на хората rise in the esteem of the people
    5. (извишавам се) rise ( над above, over), tower (above), overtop ( над )
    скалите се издигат над реката the cliffs/rocks tower above the river, the rocks overtop the river
    издигам се на 1000 метра rise to an altitude of 1000 metres
    вълните се издигаха високо the waves were rolling high; it was a very rough sea
    * * *
    издѝгам,
    гл.
    1. raise; ( повдигам, качвам) lift (up); take/carry/draw/pull up; (с механизъм) hoist; ( изправям) raise, set up; ( извишавам) lift; \издигам глас на протест lift up/raise a voice of protest; \издигам знаме hoist/raise/fly a flag, run up a flag; \издигам кандидатурата на някого nominate s.o., put forward s.o.’s candidature, put s.o. up (за for); \издигам лозунг raise/shout/launch a slogan;
    2. ( изграждам) build, erect, construct, raise; ( паметник) erect, put up, raise (на to);
    3. ( подпомагам) raise, give a lift, help up; \издигам някого в живота help s.o. (rise) in life, promote s.o.’s advance in life, give s.o. a lift in the world;
    \издигам се 1. rise (и прен.), ascend; go/come up; ( израствам в йерархията) climb up the ladder; ( прославям се) rise to eminence; \издигам се в живота advance/rise in life, rise in the world; work o.’s way up, come up in the world; \издигам се в очите на хората rise in the esteem of the people; \издигам се като художник make o.’s mark as an artist; \издигам се на повърхността rise to the surface; \издигам се нагоре (за самолет, птица) rise, mount, soar (up); sweep up; \издигам се от прост войник, \издигам се от народа rise from the ranks; издигат се нови сгради new buildings are going up;
    2. ( извишавам се) rise ( над above, over), tower (above), overtop ( над -); вълните се издигаха високо the waves were rolling high; it was a very rough sea; \издигам се на 6000 метра rise to an altitude of 6000 metres.
    * * *
    edify; elevate; erect; exalt; heave; heighten; hoist; levitate; lift; raise: издигам a flag - издигам знаме; rear (се); upbear (поет.); uplift; upturn (очи и пр.)
    * * *
    1. (c механизьм) hoist 2. (авансирам в йерархията) climb up the ladder 3. (извишавам се) rise (над above, over), tower (above), overtop (над) 4. (извишавам) lift 5. (изграждам) build, erect, construct, raise 6. (изправям) raise, set up 7. (паметник) erect, put up, raise (на to) 8. (повдигам, качвам) lift (up);take/carry/draw/pull up 9. (подпомагам) raise, give a lift, help up 10. (прославям се) rise to eminence 11. 6 метра rise to an altitude of 12. 7 13. 8 metres 14. raise 15. rise (и прен.). ascend;go/come up 16. ИЗДИГАМ ce 17. ИЗДИГАМ глас на протест lift up/raise a voice of protest 18. ИЗДИГАМ знаме hoist/raise a flag, run up a flag 19. ИЗДИГАМ кандидатурата на някого nominate s.o., put forward s.o.'s candidature, put s.o. up (за for) 20. ИЗДИГАМ лозунг raise/shout/ launch a slogan 21. ИЗДИГАМ някого в живота help s.o. (rise) in life, promote s.o.'s advance in life, give s.o. a lift in the world 22. ИЗДИГАМ се в живота advance/rise in life;work o.'s way up 23. ИЗДИГАМ се в очите на хората rise in the esteem of the people 24. ИЗДИГАМ се като художник make o.'s mark as an artist 25. ИЗДИГАМ се на 26. ИЗДИГАМ се нагоре (за самолет, птица) rise, mount, soar (up);sweep up 27. ИЗДИГАМ се от прост войник, ИЗДИГАМ се от народа rise from the ranks 28. вълните се издигаха високо the waves were rolling high; it was a very rough sea 29. издигат се нови сгради new buildings are going up 30. скалите се издигат над реката the cliffs/ rocks tower above the river, the rocks overtop the river

    Български-английски речник > издигам

  • 85 стопански

    economic; business (attr.)
    стопански план an economic plan
    стопански деец a business executive
    стопански сгради farm buildings
    по стопански начин by using local resources and materials
    * * *
    стопа̀нски,
    прил., -а, -о, -и economic; business (attr.); на \стопанскиа сметка self-supporting, on a self-supporting basis; \стопанскии сгради farm buildings; \стопанскии субект economic operator.
    * * *
    economic ; economy {e`konxmi}; property
    * * *
    1. economic;business (attr.) 2. СТОПАНСКИ деец a business executive 3. СТОПАНСКИ план an economic plan 4. СТОПАНСКИ сгради farm buildings: пo СТОПАНСКИ начин by using local resources and materials 5. стопанска сметка вж. сметка

    Български-английски речник > стопански

  • 86 типов

    type (attr.); model (attr.); standard (attr.)
    типов хляб brown bread
    типови постройки standard buildings
    типов модел a standard model/type
    типов устав a model statute
    типов договор a model agreement/contract
    * * *
    тѝпов,
    прил. type (attr.); model (attr.); standard (attr.); \типов договор model agreement/contract; \типов договор standard contract; \типов модел a standard model/type; \типов хляб brown bread; \типова полица фин. blanket policy; \типови жилища tract homes; \типови постройки standard buildings.
    * * *
    type ; standard: a типов agreement - типов договор; brown (за хляб)
    * * *
    1. type (attr.);model (attr.);standard (attr.) 2. ТИПОВ договор a model agreement/contract 3. ТИПОВ модел a standard model/type 4. ТИПОВ устав a model statute 5. ТИПОВ хляб brown bread 6. ТИПОВи постройки standard buildings

    Български-английски речник > типов

  • 87 Coimbra, University of

       Portugal's oldest and once its most prestigious university. As one of Europe's oldest seats of learning, the University of Coimbra and its various roles have a historic importance that supersedes merely the educational. For centuries, the university formed and trained the principal elites and professions that dominated Portugal. For more than a century, certain members of its faculty entered the central government in Lisbon. A few, such as law professor Afonso Costa, mathematics instructor Sidônio Pais, anthropology professor Bernardino Machado, and economics professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, became prime ministers and presidents of the republic. In such a small country, with relatively few universities until recently, Portugal counted Coimbra's university as the educational cradle of its leaders and knew its academic traditions as an intimate part of national life.
       Established in 1290 by King Dinis, the university first opened in Lisbon but was moved to Coimbra in 1308, and there it remained. University buildings were placed high on a hill, in a position that
       physically dominates Portugal's third city. While sections of the medieval university buildings are present, much of what today remains of the old University of Coimbra dates from the Manueline era (1495-1521) and the 17th and 18th centuries. The main administration building along the so-called Via Latina is baroque, in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. Most prominent among buildings adjacent to the central core structures are the Chapel of São Miguel, built in the 17th century, and the magnificent University Library, of the era of wealthy King João V, built between 1717 and 1723. Created entirely by Portuguese artists and architects, the library is unique among historic monuments in Portugal. Its rare book collection, a monument in itself, is complemented by exquisite gilt wood decorations and beautiful doors, windows, and furniture. Among visitors and tourists, the chapel and library are the prime attractions to this day.
       The University underwent important reforms under the Pombaline administration (1750-77). Efforts to strengthen Coimbra's position in advanced learning and teaching by means of a new curriculum, including new courses in new fields and new degrees and colleges (in Portugal, major university divisions are usually called "faculties") often met strong resistance. In the Age of the Discoveries, efforts were made to introduce the useful study of mathematics, which was part of astronomy in that day, and to move beyond traditional medieval study only of theology, canon law, civil law, and medicine. Regarding even the advanced work of the Portuguese astronomer and mathematician Pedro Nunes, however, Coimbra University was lamentably slow in introducing mathematics or a school of arts and general studies. After some earlier efforts, the 1772 Pombaline Statutes, the core of the Pombaline reforms at Coimbra, had an impact that lasted more than a century. These reforms remained in effect to the end of the monarchy, when, in 1911, the First Republic instituted changes that stressed the secularization of learning. This included the abolition of the Faculty of Theology.
       Elaborate, ancient traditions and customs inform the faculty and student body of Coimbra University. Tradition flourishes, although some customs are more popular than others. Instead of residing in common residences or dormitories as in other countries, in Coimbra until recently students lived in the city in "Republics," private houses with domestic help hired by the students. Students wore typical black academic gowns. Efforts during the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and aftermath to abolish the wearing of the gowns, a powerful student image symbol, met resistance and generated controversy. In romantic Coimbra tradition, students with guitars sang characteristic songs, including Coimbra fado, a more cheerful song than Lisbon fado, and serenaded other students at special locations. Tradition also decreed that at graduation graduates wore their gowns but burned their school (or college or subject) ribbons ( fitas), an important ceremonial rite of passage.
       The University of Coimbra, while it underwent a revival in the 1980s and 1990s, no longer has a virtual monopoly over higher education in Portugal. By 1970, for example, the country had only four public and one private university, and the University of Lisbon had become more significant than ancient Coimbra. At present, diversity in higher education is even more pronounced: 12 private universities and 14 autonomous public universities are listed, not only in Lisbon and Oporto, but at provincial locations. Still, Coimbra retains an influence as the senior university, some of whose graduates still enter national government and distinguished themselves in various professions.
       An important student concern at all institutions of higher learning, and one that marked the last half of the 1990s and continued into the next century, was the question of increased student fees and tuition payments (in Portuguese, propinas). Due to the expansion of the national universities in function as well as in the size of student bodies, national budget constraints, and the rising cost of education, the central government began to increase student fees. The student movement protested this change by means of various tactics, including student strikes, boycotts, and demonstrations. At the same time, a growing number of private universities began to attract larger numbers of students who could afford the higher fees in private institutions, but who had been denied places in the increasingly competitive and pressured public universities.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Coimbra, University of

  • 88 Breuer, Marcel Lajos

    [br]
    b. 22 May 1902 Pécs, Hungary
    d. 1 July 1981 New York (?), USA
    [br]
    Hungarian member of the European Bauhaus generation in the 1920s, who went on to become a leader in the modern school of architectural and furniture design in Europe and the United States.
    [br]
    Breuer began his student days following an art course in Vienna, but joined the Bauhaus at Weimar, where he later graduated, in 1920. When Gropius re-established the school in purpose-built structures at Dessau, Breuer became a member of the teaching staff in charge of the carpentry and furniture workshops. Much of his time there was spent in design and research into new materials being applied to furniture and interior decoration. The essence of his contribution was to relate the design of furniture to industrial production; in this field he developed the tubular-steel structure, especially in chair design, and experimented with aluminium as a furniture material as well as pieces of furniture made up from modular units. His furniture style was characterized by an elegance of line and a careful avoidance of superfluous detail. By 1926 he had furnished the Bauhaus with such furniture in chromium-plated steel, and two years later had developed a cantilevered chair.
    Breuer left the Bauhaus in 1928 and set up an architectural practice in Berlin. In the early 1930s he also spent some time in Switzerland. Notable from these years was his Harnischmacher Haus in Wiesbaden and his apartment buildings in the Dolderthal area of Zurich. His architectural work was at first influenced by constructivism, and then by that of Le Corbusier (see Charles-Edouard Jeanneret). In 1935 he moved to England, where in partnership with F.R.S. Yorke he built some houses and continued to practise furniture design. The Isokon Furniture Co. commissioned him to develop ideas that took advantage of the new bending and moulding processes in laminated wood, one result being his much-copied reclining chair.
    In 1937, like so many of the European architectural refugees from Nazism, he found himself under-occupied due to the reluctance of English clients to embrace the modern architectural movement. He went to the United States at Gropius's invitation to join him as a professor at Harvard. Breuer and Gropius were influential in training a new generation of American architects, and in particular they built a number of houses. This partnership ended in 1941 and Breuer set up practice in New York. His style of work from this time on was still modern, but became more varied. In housing, he adapted his style to American needs and used local materials in a functional manner. In the Whitney Museum (1966) he worked in a sculptural, granite-clad style. Often he utilized a bold reinforced-concrete form, as in his collaboration with Pier Luigi Nervi and Bernard Zehrfuss in the Paris UNESCO Building (1953–8) and the US Embassy in the Hague (1954–8). He displayed his masterly handling of poured concrete used in a strikingly expressionistic, sculptural manner in his St John's Abbey (1953–61) in Collegeville, Minnesota, and in 1973 his Church of St Francis de Sale in Michigan won him the top award of the American Institute of Architects.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    American Institute of Architects Medal of Honour 1964, Gold Medal 1968. Jefferson Foundation Medal 1968.
    Bibliography
    1955, Sun and Shadow, the Philosophy of an Architect, New York: Dodd Read (autobiography).
    Further Reading
    C.Jones (ed.), 1963, Marcel Breuer: Buildings and Projects 1921–1961, New York: Praeger.
    T.Papachristou (ed.), 1970, Marcel Breuer: New Buildings and Projects 1960–1970, New York: Praeger.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Breuer, Marcel Lajos

  • 89 Coade, Eleanor

    [br]
    b. 24 June 1733 Exeter, Devon, England
    d. 18 November 1821 Camberwell, London, England
    [br]
    English proprietor of the Coade Factory, making artificial stone.
    [br]
    Born Elinor Coade, she never married but adopted, as was customary in business in the eighteenth century, the courtesy title of Mrs. Following the bankruptcy and death of her father, George Coade, in Exeter, Eleanor and her mother (also called Eleanor) moved to London and founded the works at Lambeth, South London, in 1769 that later became famous as the Coade factory. The factory was located at King's Arms Stairs, Narrow Wall. During the eighteenth century, several attempts had been made in other businesses to manufacture a durable, malleable artificial stone that would be acceptable to architects for decorative use. These substances were not very successful, but Coade stone was different. Although stories are legion about the secret formula supposedly used in this artificial stone, modern methods have established the exact formula.
    Coade stone was a stoneware ceramic material fired in a kiln. The body was remarkable in that it shrank only 8 per cent in drying and firing: this was achieved by using a combination of china clay, sand, crushed glass and grog (i.e. crushed and ground, previously fired stoneware). The Coade formula thus included a considerable proportion of material that, having been fired once already, was unshrinkable. Mrs Coade's name for the firm, Coade's Lithodipyra Terra-Cotta or Artificial Stone Manufactory (where "Lithodipyra" is a term derived from three Greek words meaning "stone", "twice" and "fire"), made reference to the custom of including such material (such as in Josiah Wedgwood's basalt and jasper ware). The especially low rate of shrinkage rendered the material ideal for making extra-life-size statuary, and large architectural, decorative features to be incorporated into stone buildings.
    Coade stone was widely used for such purposes by leading architects in Britain and Ireland from the 1770s until the 1830s, including Robert Adam, Sir Charles Barry, Sir William Chambers, Sir John Soane, John Nash and James Wyatt. Some architects introduced the material abroad, as far as, for example, Charles Bulfinch's United States Bank in Boston, Massachusetts, and Charles Cameron's redecoration for the Empress Catherine of the great palace Tsarkoe Selo (now Pushkin), near St Petersburg. The material so resembles stone that it is often mistaken for it, but it is so hard and resistant to weather that it retains sharpness of detail much longer than the natural substance. The many famous British buildings where Coade stone was used include the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, Carlton House and the Sir John Soane Museum (all of which are located in London), St George's Chapel at Windsor, Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, and Culzean Castle in Ayrshire, Scotland.
    Apart from the qualities of the material, the Coade firm established a high reputation for the equally fine quality of its classical statuary. Mrs Coade employed excellent craftsmen such as the sculptor John Bacon (1740–99), whose work was mass-produced by the use of moulds. One famous example which was widely reproduced was the female caryatid from the south porch of the Erechtheion on the acropolis of Athens. A drawing of this had appeared in the second edition of Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of Athens in 1789, and many copies were made from the original Coade model; Soane used them more than once, for example on the Bank of England and his own houses in London.
    Eleanor Coade was a remarkable woman, and was important and influential on the neo-classical scene. She had close and amicable relations with leading architects of the day, notably Robert Adam and James Wyatt. The Coade factory was enlarged and altered over the years, but the site was finally cleared during 1949–50 in preparation for the establishment of the 1951 Festival of Britain.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Kelly, 1990, Mrs Coade's Stone, pub. in conjunction with the Georgian Group (an interesting, carefully written history; includes a detailed appendix on architects who used Coade stone and buildings where surviving work may be seen).
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Coade, Eleanor

  • 90 Gropius, Walter Adolf

    [br]
    b. 18 May 1883 Berlin, Germany
    d. 5 July 1969 Boston, USA
    [br]
    German co-founder of the modern movement of architecture.
    [br]
    A year after he began practice as an architect, Gropius was responsible for the pace-setting Fagus shoe-last factory at Alfeld-an-der-Leine in Germany, one of the few of his buildings to survive the Second World War. Today the building does not appear unusual, but in 1911 it was a revolutionary prototype, heralding the glass curtain walled method of non-load-bearing cladding that later became ubiquitous. Made from glass, steel and reinforced concrete, this factory initiated a new concept, that of the International school of modern architecture.
    In 1919 Gropius was appointed to head the new School of Art and Design at Weimar, the Staatliches Bauhaus. The school had been formed by an amalgamation of the Grand Ducal schools of fine and applied arts founded in 1906. Here Gropius put into practice his strongly held views and he was so successful that this small college, which trained only a few hundred students in the limited years of its existence, became world famous, attracting artists, architects and students of quality from all over Europe.
    Gropius's idea was to set up an institution where students of all the arts and crafts could work together and learn from one another. He abhorred the artificial barriers that had come to exist between artists and craftsmen and saw them all as interdependent. He felt that manual dexterity was as essential as creative design. Every Bauhaus student, whatever the individual's field of work or talent, took the same original workshop training. When qualified they were able to understand and supervise all the aesthetic and constructional processes that made up the scope of their work.
    In 1924, because of political changes, the Weimar Bauhaus was closed, but Gropius was invited to go to Dessau to re-establish it in a new purpose-built school which he designed. This group of buildings became a prototype that designers of the new architectural form emulated. Gropius left the Bauhaus in 1928, only a few years before it was finally closed due to the growth of National Socialism. He moved to England in 1934, but because of a lack of architectural opportunities and encouragement he continued on his way to the USA, where he headed the Department of Architecture at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design from 1937 to 1952. After his retirement from there Gropius formed the Architect's Collaborative and, working with other architects such as Marcel Breuer and Pietro Belluschi, designed a number of buildings (for example, the US Embassy in Athens (1960) and the Pan Am Building in New York (1963)).
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1984, Scope of Total Architecture, Allen \& Unwin.
    Further Reading
    N.Pevsner, 1936, Pioneers of the Modern Movement: From William Morris to Walter Gropius, Penguin.
    C.Jenck, 1973, Modern Movements in Architecture, Penguin.
    H.Probst and C.Shädlich, 1988, Walter Gropius, Berlin: Ernst \& Son.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Gropius, Walter Adolf

  • 91 صاحب

    صَاحِب \ companion: sb. that one likes to be with; a friend: John and his companions often go fishing together. His dog is his only companion. keeper: (in compounds) sb. who looks after sth.: goalkeeper; shopkeeper. master: the male owner of a dog or horse: A dog obeys his master’s call. owner: sb. who owns sth.; a possessor: Who is the owner of this car?. proprietor: an owner (esp. of land or buildings): the hotel proprietor. \ صَاحِب \ employer: one who gives paid work. \ See Also رب العمل (رَبّ العَمَل)‏ \ صَاحِب \ householder: sb. who owns or rents the house that she or he lives in. \ See Also ساكن البيت \ صَاحِب \ landlord: a man from whom one rents land or buildings. \ See Also مالك العَقار \ صَاحِب \ banker: one who controls a bank. \ See Also مُدير مَصْرِف \ صَاحِب \ landlord: a man who keeps an inn, public house or lodging house. \ See Also مدير المَنْزول، الفُنْدُق \ صَاحِب \ sponsor: sb. who puts forward a plan (or the name of a person who plans to do sth.) and accepts any duty or expense concerning it. \ See Also مُقَدِّم اقتراح \ صَاحِب الجَلالَة \ majesty: (used in speaking to or about a king or queen) the person of a king or queen: His majesty the King and Her Majesty the Queen were present at the ceremony. \ صَاحِب حِرْفَة \ artisan: a skilled workman. \ صَاحِب الخَان \ innkeeper: one who keeps an inn. \ See Also الفُندق \ صَاحِب دُكّان \ shopkeeper, store keeper: sb. who works in a shop and often owns it. \ See Also حانوت (حَانُوت)‏ \ صَاحِب ذِمَّة \ conscientious: guided by conscience; careful to do one’s duty in the smallest matters: She’s conscientious about paying her bills at once. \ صَاحِب السُّلْطة \ authority: whoever has this power: The city authorities control the police. \ صَاحِب السُّمُوّ \ Highness: the title of honour given to sb. of royal rank: His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh. \ صَاحِب مَتْجَر \ tradesman, tradesmen: sb. who trades (in a small way); a shopkeeper. \ صَاحِب مَزْرَعة \ planter: sb. who grows crops or trees on a plantation. \ صَاحِب مَزْرَعة صَغِيرة \ smallholder: the owner of a smallholding. \ صَاحِب مَصْنَع \ industrialist: sb., esp. a factory owner, who gains money through industry. manufacturer: the owner of a factory where things are manufactured. \ صَاحِب اليَخْت \ yachtsman: sb. who owns or sails a yacht. \ صاحِبة \ landlady: a woman from whom one rents land or buildings; a woman who keeps an inn or public house. \ See Also مالِكة المَنْزل

    Arabic-English dictionary > صاحب

  • 92 οἰκοδομή

    οἰκοδομή, ῆς, ἡ (οἶκος, δέμω ‘build’; rejected by the Atticists [Lob., Phryn. 421; 487ff; WSchmid, Der Attizismus III 1893, 248], but found since Aristot., EN 5, 14, 7; Diod S 1, 46, 4; Plut., Lucull. 518 [39, 2]; IG XIV, 645, 146 [Dorian]; OGI 655, 2 [25 B.C.]; PGrenf I, 21, 17 [126 B.C.]; BGU 699, 3; 894, 2; LXX; En; TestSol; Philo, Mos. 1, 224 v.l., Spec. Leg. 1, 73 v.l.; Joseph. [Schmidt 528f]; Just., D. 86, 6).
    ① process of building, building, construction
    ⓐ lit. (2 Ch 3:2 v.l.; Sir 40:19; Jos., Ant. 11, 59; ViHg 1 [p. 87, 18 Sch.]; Jos., Ant. 11, 59; Theoph. Ant. 3, 22 [p. 246, 24]; Did., Gen. 33, 27) ἐτελέσθη ἡ οἰκοδομή the construction was at an end Hs 9, 5, 1a. ἀνοχὴ τῆς οἰκ. a delay in the building ibid. b; 9, 14, 2. Hv 3, 2, 8 prob. belongs in 2a.
    ⓑ fig., of spiritual strengthening (s. οἰκοδομέω 3) edifying, edification, building up.
    α. act., w. obj. gen. πρὸς τὴν οἰκ. τῆς ἐκκλησίας for the building up of the church 1 Cor 14:12. ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκ. 2 Cor 12:19. Abs. πρὸς οἰκοδομήν for edification Ro 15:2; 1 Cor 14:26; cp. Eph 4:29 (Straub 36). Paul has received his authority fr. the Lord εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν 2 Cor 13:10; cp. 10:8. τὰ τῆς οἰκ. τῆς εἰς ἀλλήλους what makes for the edification of each other Ro 14:19. The letters of Ignatius contain πᾶσαν οἰκοδομήν Pol 13:2. Abstr. for concr. ὁ προφητεύων λαλεῖ οἰκοδομήν the one who prophesies speaks words that edify 1 Cor 14:3.
    β. pass. οἰκοδομὴν λαβεῖν receive edification, be edified 1 Cor 14:5. εἰς οἰκ. τ. σώματος τ. Χριστοῦ that the body of Christ might be built up Eph 4:12. εἰς οἰκ. ἑαυτοῦ for its own edification vs. 16 (for the grammar cp. TestJob 11:5 εἰς οἰκονομίαν τῶν πτωχῶν).
    ② a building as result of a construction process, building, edifice
    ⓐ lit.; pl., of secular buildings (Diod S 16, 76, 2; 20, 8, 3) Hs 1:1 (w. ἀγροί, παρατάξεις, οἰκήματα); GJs 9:3; 13:1. Esp. of temple buildings (1 Esdr 5:70) εἰς τὴν οἰκ. ἐλπίζειν put one’s hope in the building alone 16:1. Pl. of various buildings in the temple area Mk 13:1f. αἱ οἰκοδομαὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ Mt 24:1. Esp. freq. in the imagery of the tower in Hermas (v 3; Hs 9). Yet in many pass. mng. 1a is also prob.: ἡ οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου the tower building (or the building of the tower) Hv 3, 2, 6b; 3, 4, 1f; 3, 5, 1b; 3, 12, 3; Hs 9, 1, 2; 9, 3, 3; 9, 4, 2ff; 9, 5, 2; 9, 17, 4 al. τὰ ἐξώτερα μέρη τῆς οἰκ. the outside of the building Hs 9, 9, 3b. Of the stones: εὔχρηστοι εἰς (τὴν) οἰκ. v 3, 5, 5; 3, 6, 1; 6; also εὔχρηστοι τῇ οἰκ. Hs 9, 15, 6. χρήσιμοι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου v 4, 3, 4. ἀπενεχθῆναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 8, 3a. ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 5, 3f; 9, 7, 4a; 6f; 9, 10, 2. ἀποβάλλεσθαι ἐκ (ἀπὸ) τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 7, 1; 9, 8, 3b; 9, 9, 5. ἀποδοκιμάζειν ἐκ τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 12, 7; pass. (without ἐκ) 9, 23, 3; ἁρμόζειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 6, 5; 3, 7, 5; pass. Hs 9, 4, 3; 9, 8, 5ff; 9, 9, 4; 9, 15, 4. βάλλειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 7, 4; 6; 9, 8, 2a; pass. 9, 7, 5; 9, 10, 1; 9, 30, 2. δοκιμάζειν τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 5, 2b. εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 12, 4; 9, 13, 4. ἐκλέγεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 9, 3a. ἐπιδιδόναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 4, 5; 8; 9, 15, 5; pass. 9, 4, 6. ἐπιθυμεῖν τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 9, 7. ἐπιτίθεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 5, 2. ἐργάζεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. work at the building Hs 9, 6, 2b. εὑρεθῆναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 6, 4. ὁ ἐφεστὼς εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 6, 2a. κατανοεῖν τὴν οἰκ. examine the building Hs 9, 5, 7; 9, 6, 3. συναρμόζεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου Hs 9, 16, 7. τιθέναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 2, 6a; 7; Hs 9, 7, 2; 9, 8, 2b; pass. v 3, 5, 4; Hs 9, 6, 8; 9, 8, 4; 9, 9, 2; 9, 13, 6; 9, 16, 1; 9, 17, 3; 9, 29, 4; 9, 30, 1. τίθεσθαι ἐκ τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 8, 1. ὑπάγειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 5, 1a; 3; 3, 6, 2; Hs 9, 3, 3f. χρᾶσθαι εἰ τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 2, 8.
    ⓑ Hermas hesitates betw. the literal and nonliteral uses of οἰκ. but the fol. passages are quite nonliteral (οἱ τοῦ χριστιανισμοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 8): θεοῦ οἰκοδομή ἐστε you are God’s building 1 Cor 3:9 (AFridrichsen [s. γεώργιον]; on the imagery Straub 85–88). In Eph 2:21 the Christian community is called an οἰκοδομή, more definitely a ναὸς ἅγιος ἐν κυρίῳ that is erected on the foundation of the apostles and prophets w. Christ Jesus as cornerstone (HSchlier, Christus u. d. Kirche im Eph 1930).—Of Christians ὄντες λίθοι ναοῦ πατρὸς ἡτοιμασμένοι εἰς οἰκοδομὴν θεοῦ πατρός since you are stones for the Father’s temple, made ready for the building of God the Father IEph 9:1.—Fig., in another way, of the glorified body of the departed Christian οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ ἔχομεν, οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον we have a building fr. God, a house not made w. hands 2 Cor 5:1; Rv 21:18 v.l. (for ἐνδώμησις). S. on οἰκητήριον 2.—Lit. on οἰκοδομέω end.—DELG s.v. δέμω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οἰκοδομή

  • 93 групповая цепь

    1. final circuit of buildings
    2. final circuit
    3. branch circuit (US)
    4. branch

     

    групповая цепь
    конечная цепь
    групповая цепь здания
    конечная цепь здания
    Электрическая цепь, предназначенная для питания электрическим током электроэнергией непосредственно электроприемников или штепсельных розеток.
    [826-14-03]
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

    групповая электрическая цепь
    Электрическая цепь, предназначенная для непосредственного питания электроэнергией электроприёмников и штепсельных розеток.
    Примечание – В Международном электротехническом словаре используют термин «конечная (электрическая) цепь».
    Групповые электрические цепи электроустановки здания предназначены для распределения электроэнергии между электроприёмниками. Их подключают к вводно-распределительным устройствам, главным распределительным щитам, этажным распределительным щиткам и другим низковольтным распределительным устройствам электроустановки здания. Эти цепи обычно включают в себя защитные устройства, провода и кабели электропроводок и присоединённое к ним конечное электрооборудование, такое, например, как электрические светильники, штепсельные розетки, электронагреватели, стиральные машины, холодильники, электрический инструмент, и др.
    [ http://www.volt-m.ru/glossary/letter/%C3/view/7/]

    групповая электрическая цепь
    Электрическая цепь, отходящая от ВРУ и предназначенная для питания светильников, розеток и других общедомовых электроприемников электроустановки жилого (общественного) здания
    [ ГОСТ Р 51732-2001]

    групповая цепь
    Электрическая цепь от щитка (квартирного или учетно-распределительно-группового) до светильников, штепсельных розеток и других стационарных электроприемников.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51628-2000]

    групповая сеть
    Сеть от щитков и распределительных пунктов до светильников, штепсельных розеток и других электроприемников.
    [ПУЭ]

    групповая сеть
    Электрическая цепь от щитка до электроприемника (электроприемников).
    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001]

    EN

    final circuit (of buildings)
    branch circuit (US)
    electric circuit intended to supply directly electric current to current using equipment or socket-outlets
    [IEV number 826-14-03]

    FR

    circuit terminal (de bâtiments), m
    circuit électrique destiné à alimenter directement des appareils d'utilisation ou des socles de prises de courant
    [IEV number 826-14-03]

    0634

    Рис. ABB

    1 - Главный распределительный щит (ГРЩ)
    2 - Распределительный щит;
    3 - Распределительная цепь
    4 - Групповая цепь (конечная цепь)

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    • Endstromkreis, m

    FR

    • circuit terminal (de bâtiments), m

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > групповая цепь

  • 94 производственное здание

    1. industrial building

     

    производственное здание
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    industrial building
    A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производственное здание

  • 95 более всего угнетала безликость совершенно одинаковых серых зданий

    1) General subject: (меня) what was most depressing was the monotony of identical grey buildings

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > более всего угнетала безликость совершенно одинаковых серых зданий

  • 96 внутренняя канализация служит для отвода сточных вод из зданий

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внутренняя канализация служит для отвода сточных вод из зданий

  • 97 внутренняя планировка зданий

    1) Construction: planning of buildings

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внутренняя планировка зданий

  • 98 группа неодинаковых домов

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > группа неодинаковых домов

  • 99 группа совершенно стандартных кирпичных домов

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > группа совершенно стандартных кирпичных домов

  • 100 жилые здания

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > жилые здания

Страницы

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