bona+dicta

rēs, reī, f. (altind. ras, Gut, Besitz, rāti, gibt), Sache, Ding im weitesten Sinne, I) im allg., Sache, Ding, Gegenstand, Wesen, Umstand, Lage, Angelegenheit, Vorfall, Begebenheit, Ereignis, Erscheinung, zuw. bl. = etwas, divinae humanaeque res, Cic.: res, quae numquam fuerunt, ut Scyllae, Cic.: natura rerum, Welt, Cic.: caput rerum (Welt) urbs Romana, Ov. – Genet. rerum pleonast., timeo quid rerum gesserim, Plaut.: quid rerum geritis? Plaut. u. Catull.: abdita rerum, Verborgenes, Hor.: ficta rerum, Schnurrpfeifereien, Hor.: dum ita rerum habet, Tert adv. Val. 14 in.: u. so rerum zur Verstärkung des Superl., rerum pulcherrima, Roma, die allerschönste, Verg.: pulcherrima rerum, eloquentia, Quint.: pulcherrime rerum, maxime rerum, Ov. – res divina, r. militaris, navalis, rustica u. dgl., s. divinus usw. – rem gerere, s. gero no. I, B, 2. – si r. postulabit, die Sachlage, Cic.: ebenso res autem haec est, Cic. – quae res? quae haec res est? Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 1343. p. 126). – multa signa sunt eius rei, hiervon, Cic.: si qua (invidia) ex re (daraus) oreretur, Liv.: neque est ulla r. (irgend etwas), in qua, Cic.: homines nullā re bonā digni, nichtswürdig, Cic.: sumptu ne parcas ulla in re, Cic.: res una solaque, das einzige, das einzige Mittel, Hor.: profecto, ut loquor, ita res est, so ist es, Plaut.: male se res habet, es steht schlimm, Cic.: Dion rem

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eo perduxit, ut etc., brachte es dahin, daß usw., Nep. – mala r., übler Handel, üble Lage, üble Umstände, Plaut. u. Sall.: gew. Plur. malae r. (Ggstz. bonae res), Komik. u.a.; vgl. adversus, secundus, florens, salvus u. dgl. – e re nata, nach Beschaffenheit der Umstände, Ter. u. Apul.: dass. pro re nata, Cic., u. bl. pro re, Liv. – nitentia (arma) ante rem, vor der Schlacht, Liv.: quibus (sc. litteris tuis) non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. – r. nova, eine neue Erscheinung, Nep.: r. magna, ein wichtiges Ereignis, etwas Großes, Wichtiges, Liv. – res populi Romani (die Begebenheiten, Ereignisse, die Geschichte) perscribere, Liv.: u. so res Persicae, Nep.: veteres res, alte Geschichte, Cic.

II) insbes.: A) die Sache selbst, die Tat, der wirkliche Erfolg, der Augenschein, die Wirklichkeit, Wahrheit, res dicta secuta est, gesagt getan, Ov.: res indicabit, Cic.: ut ipsa res declaravit, Cic.: re tibi praestabo, ICt. – aut consilio aut re iuvero, Ter. – rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba, Cic.: hos deos non re, sed opinione esse, Cic.: nominibus differre, re congruere, Cic.: eum tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio confiteri, Cic.: vides, quantum distet argumentatio ab re ipsā atque a veritate, Cic.: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā loquitur, Cic.: populi nomine, re autem verā sceleratissimo latrocinio, Cic.: et re verā, in der Tat, wirklich, Cic. –

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ut erat res, wie es sich wirklich verhielt, Sall.: u. so hoc od. id quod res est, wie es sich wirklich verhält, Komik.: u. bl. quod res est, Cic. ep. 13, 7, 2. – B) Besitztum, Vermögen, Hab und Gut, pro (im Verhältnis zu) re nostra, Ter.: rem quaerere (zu erwerben suchen), Plaut.: rem facere (erwerben), Ter. u. Hor.: rem augere, Cic.: rem conficere (vertun), Cic.: reliquias rei publicae dissipare, Cic. – Plur., reliquiae rerum suarum, Suet.: privatae res (Ggstz. res publica), Cic. – C) Interesse, Vorteil, Nutzen, res magis quaeritur, quam clientium fides, Plaut.: consulere suis rebus, Nep.: in rem suam convertere, Cic.: dum ob rem, wenn es nur nützlich ist, Ter.: verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, Sall.: ebenso si in rem est, Ter.: u. in rem et vostram et nostram esset, Ter.: quod in rem recte conducat tuam, Plaut. u. in rem est (es ist zweckdienlich, vorteilhaft) m. folg. Infin., Sall. u. Liv., od. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., od. m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. u. Ter.: ex tua re est, ut ego moriar, Plaut.: ex re mea, Cic.: ex re istius, Ter.: e od. ex re publica (zum Vorteile, zum Besten des Staates) fecisse, Cic., ducere, Liv.: u. ex od. e re publica est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. u. Liv.: subdole ab re consulit, er gibt Ratschläge (vom Vorteil weg, d.h.) zum Nachteil, Plaut.: u. so haud id ab re ancupis, Plaut. Vgl. übh. Brix Plaut. trin. 238. Spengel Plaut. truc. 2, 6, 40 u. Ter. Andr. 546. – D) Ursache, Grund, nur in der Verbndng. eā

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(hāc) re od. ob eam (hanc) rem, adv., deshalb, zu dem Behufe, eā re, Cic.: hāc re, Lucr. u. Sen. ep.: ob eam rem, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – E) Geschäftssache, Geschäftsangelegenheit, Geschäft, inter se multa communicare de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana, Cic.: rem cum alqo transigere, Cic. – dah. übtr., allg.: res (alci) est cum alqo, m. jmd. zu tun (zu schaffen) haben, etiamne tecum hic res mihi est? Ter.: tecum mihi res est, T. Rosci, quoniam etc., Cic.: quoniam cum senatore res est, Cic.: u. v. Sachen, famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo, bekomme es zu tun mit Verlust u. Schaden, Plaut. trin. 219. – F) Rechtssache, Rechtsangelegenheit, Rechtshandel, Prozeß (allgemeiner als causa), utrum rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic.: de rebus ab isto cognitis iudicatisque et de iudiciis datis, Cic. – G) res publica u. (bes. bei Histor.) auch bl. res, das Gemeinwesen, das Gemeindewesen, Staatswesen, der Staat; auch Staatsleitung, Staatsverwaltung, Staatsgewalt, α) res p.: rei publicae pericula, Cic.: re publicā frui, Cic.: rem publicam sustinere, Cic.: rem publicam gerere, s. gero no. I, B, 2, a u. b (Bd. 1. S. 2927 u. 2928): ratio rei totius publicae, Cic.: de re publica disputatio, Cic.: dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, Cic.: rem publicam recusare, den Staatsdienst aufgeben, Commod. bei Spart. Pesc. 4, 4: de tribus generibus rerum publicarum, Cic.: in rebus publicis, Cic. – β)

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bl. res: res Romana, Liv. u. Hor.: res Albana, Liv.: res eorum civibus, moribus, agris aucta, Sall. – Plur., res Priami evertere, Verg.: incruenta Urbs et res sine discordia translatae, Tac. – ⇒ arch. Genet. re, Elog. clar. vir. 29 im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1. p. 288: arch. Dat. re, Lucil. 52 u. 969: arch. Abl. ree, einsilbig gemessen, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 9499 = Carm. epigr. 959 A: Genet. re einsilbig, und Dativ rei einsilbig oft bei Plaut. u. Ter., s. Georges Lexikon der lat. Wortf. S. 598.

1. sum, fuī, esse (ein unregelmäßiges, aus Teilen zweier verschiedener Verba zusammengesetztes Wort: sum abgekürzt aus esum st. eso v. griech. Stamm ΕΣ, wov. εἰμί; fui aber vom veralteten fuo, griech. φύω), I) als verbum concretum, sein, vorhanden sein, A) im allg.: 1) übh.: a) von der Existenz eines Gegenstandes, sein, vorhanden sein, existieren, dasein, am Leben sein, esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, Cic.: omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri, sunt, Cic.: nec enim, dum ero, angar ullā re, Cic.: adhuc sumus, Cic.: fuit, er hat gelebt, Tibull.: fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium, Verg.: nullus sum, es ist aus mit mir, ich bin verloren, Komik., Cic. u.a.: alteri nulli sunt, sind zugrunde gegangen, Cic. – b) von dem Vorhandensein eines Zustandes, sein, vorhanden sein, vorliegen, stattfinden, non est periculum, Cic.: neque Romanorum in se meritum esse, Liv.: solis defectio fuit, fand statt, ereignete sich, Cic.: quid tibi est? was ist dir (geschehen)? was hast du? Cic.: quid se futurum esset, was würde mit ihnen geschehen, Liv. – c) von dem Befinden an einem Orte, sein, sich finden, leben, cum Athenis fuissem, Cic.: Romae esse, Cic.: in castris, in agro, in hortis, Cic.: esse in alqo, in jmd. stecken, in seine Gestalt, in ihn verwandelt sein, Ov. – d) von dem Befinden in einem Zustande, sein, leben, sich befinden, esse in

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aere alieno, Cic.: in bonis, Cic. in servitute, Cic.: in spe, Cic.: in maestitia, Cic.: in nomine et gloria, Cic.: in laudibus, Cic.: in officio, Cic.: in vitio, Cic.: in mora, Verzug verursachen, Ter.: in amore et deliciis alci, Cic. – e) v. Beruhen auf etwas, in etwas bestehen = auf etwas beruhen, omnem spem in impetu esse equitum, Liv.: totum in eo est, ut etc., Cic.: totum in eo est, ne etc., Colum.

2) Besondere Verbindungen: a) sunt qui, es gibt Leute, Dinge, die, α) mit folg. Indicat., wenn etwas Bestimmtes bezeichnet wird, sunt qui non audent, Cic.: sunt quae praeterii, Cic.: sunt quos genus hoc minime iuvat, Hor.: est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae, Prop. – bes. steht bei Indicat., wenn ein Subjekt genau angegeben wird, sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, Cic.: sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest etc., Cic. – β) m. folg. Coniunctiv, wenn etwas Gedachtes, Vorgestelltes od. Unbestimmtes bezeichnet wird, sunt qui dicant, Cic.: sunt qui anteponant, Cic.: erat nemo, in quem ea suspicio conveniret, Cic. – Auch findet sich est quibus, Prop. 3, 9, 17. – b) mihi est res, ich habe eine Sache, privatus illis census erat brevis, Hor.: cui nomen Arethusa est, Cic.: unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. – c) esse ad od. apud alqm, bei jmd. (in jmds. Hause) sein od. sich befinden, jmd. besuchen, eaque est nunc ad uxorem tuam, Ter.: fuit ad me satis

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diu, Cic.: quorum sint legati apud se, Caes.: fuisti apud Laecam illā nocte, Cic.: apud te est, ut volumus, Cic.: Brutum apud me fuisse gaudeo, Cic.: apud me sis volo, bei mir zu Tische seiest, bei mir speisest, Ter. – d) esse cum alqo (alqa), α) bei jmd. (in jmds. Zimmer, Hause) sein, essetne quis intus cum Caesare? Suet.: me te oblectes, mecum tota sis, Ter.: quam vellem Menedemum invitatum, ut nobiscum esset (bei mir zu Tische sei, speise), amplius (dringender), Ter.: doppelsinnig, tu vero, inquam, ducas licet, si sequetur: erit enim mecum (mit mir = auf meiner Seite), si tecum erit, Cic. de fin. 5, 86. – β) mit jmd. zusammensein, umgehen, erat nemo, quicum essem libentius, Cic.: multum mecum sunt, Cic.: secum esse, für sich sein, Cic. – γ) ehelich mit jmd. umgehen, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – e) esse alci cum alqo, mit jmd. zu tun haben, mit jmd. in Verbindung stehen, sibi cum illa nihil futurum, Cic.: si mihi tecum minus esset, Cic. – f) esse ab alqo, von jmd. sein, zu jmd. gehören, ab Andria est ancilla haec, Ter.: erat ab Aristotele, war ein Aristoteliker, Cic.: vide, ne hoc totum sit a me, für mich spricht, Cic. – g) esse pro alqo, für jmd. sein, jmdm. zustatten kommen, Cic. – h) esse in alqm locum, wohin sein (= wohin gegangen sein und sich dort befinden), fui hodie in funus, war zum Begräbnisse, Petron.: in conspectum fuisse, Suet. ( aber Cic. ad Att. 15, 4, 2 Wesenberg quo die

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in Tusculanum essem venturus). – i) esse in m. Abl., in einer Schrift stehen (s. Meißner Cic. Tusc. 1, 3. p. 4, a), quid fuit in litteris (in dem Br.)? Cic.: quamquam est in Originibus m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic.

B) prägn., wirklich sein, stattfinden, statthaben, der Fall sein, in Kraft sein, Geltung haben, gelten, nec provocatio erat, Liv.: neque dictio est, Ter.: sunt ista, das ist so, Cic. – So bes. a) est, es ist so, es ist an dem, Cic.: sit ita, es sei so, gut, meinetwegen, Cic.: so auch esto, es mag sein, gut, meinetwegen, Cic. u. Hor.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., esto, alios teneri, Hor.: so auch sit m. folg. ut u. Konj., sit, ut intereant, Colum. – est ut od. m. folg. Infin., α) = es ist der Fall, daß usw., est, ut id deceat, Cic.: est, ut philosophi tradant, Cic.: non est, ut possit, Hor.: futurum esse, ut omnes pellerentur, Caes.: at enim solum id est, ut me Siculi maxime velint, Cic.: m. folg. Infin., fuerit mihi eguisse, Sall.: ne sit tibi montes semper adire, Prop.: numquam est mit folg. quin u. Konj., numquam est, quin velimus, Cornif. rhet. – β) est, man darf, man kann, neque est, ut putemus, wir dürfen nicht usw., Plin.: m. folg. Infin., scire est liberum ingenium, Ter.: quae verbo obiecta, verbo negare sit, läßt sich mit einem W. verneinen, Liv.: ut coniectare erat intentione vultus, Tac.: quantum dinoscere erat, Val. Max. – b) est ubi, es ist der Fall wo = zuweilen, Cic. – c) est cum, es ist der Fall

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da = zuweilen, Cornif. rhet. – d) est quod m. Indikat u. Konj., od. ut u. Konj., es ist Ursache dazu da, ich (du, er usw.) habe Ursache zu usw., zB. est quod suscenset tibi, Ter.: est quod me transire ad forum iam oportet, Ter.: magis est, quod gratuler, Cic.: magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, Cic.: hingegen non est quod od. ut etc., od. nihil est quod od. cur, es ist keine Ursache da, ich (du usw.) habe nicht Ursache zu usw., nihil est, quod gestias, Cic.: non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, man braucht sich also nicht zu wundern, Cic.

II) als verbum copulativum = etwas od. irgendwie sein, a) in Verbindung mit einem Adi., Subst. od. Pronom., praeclara res est, et sumus otiosi, Cic.: tuus sum, Plaut.: nos numerus sumus, Hor.: domus non ea est, quam, Cic. – b) in Verbindung m. Adv.: α) der Art u. Weise (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 46), si ita es, ut ego te volo, Plaut.: sic sum ut vides, Plaut.: hae aedes ita erant ut dixi tibi, Plaut.: ita (in solcher Lage) sunt res nostrae, Cic.: sic vita hominum est, Cic.: sic est, Cic.: quod ita cum sit, Cic. – mit speziellen, satis est, Cic.: frustra id inceptum fuit, Liv.: bene est, recte est, Cic.: cum in convivio comiter et iucunde fuisses, Cic.: mihi pulchre est od. pulchre est mihi, Cic. u. Hor.: dicta impune erant, Tac. – β) des Ortes u. der Zeit, sunt procul ab huius aetatis memoria, Cic.: diu esse, lange dauern, währen, Prop. – c) mit einem Genet. od. Abl.

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der Beschaffenheit, sein von einer Beschaffenheit, eine Beschaffenheit haben, α) m. Genet.: eiusdem aetatis fuit, aus demselben Zeitalter, lebte zu derselben Zeit, Nep.: nulli consili sum, ich bin ratlos, Ter.: summi ut sint laboris, zu großer Arbeit tauglich sind, Caes.: nec se suae potestatis esse, hätten nicht über sich zu verfügen, Liv. – Ferner gehört hierher magni, tanti etc. esse (pretii), in hohem Werte sein, viel gelten, viel kosten, αα) cig., frumentum fuit tanti, Cic.: ager pluris est, Cic. – ββ) bildl., in großem Werte sein, viel gelten, geschätzt werden, magni erunt mihi tuae litterae, Cic.: mea conscientia mihi pluris est, Cic. – β) m. Abl.: esse collecto pallio, capite operto, gehen mit usw., Plaut. u. Cic.: aegro corpore esse, krank sein, Cic.: aetate eā sum, bin in dem Alter, in den Jahren, Ter.: fac animo magno sis, habe usw., Cic.: quaere, quo sit patre, Hor.: simus eā mente, so gesinnt, Cic.: mille sestertiis esse, zu stehen kommen, gelten, kosten, Cic. – d) mit Genet. des Maßes od. des Inhalts (durch) attrib. Zahlwörter), bestehen aus usw., sich belaufen auf usw., betragen, zählen, Xerxis classis mille et ducentarum navium longarum fuit, Nep.: Iulius Caesar annum ad solis cursum accommodavit, ut trecentorum sexaginta quinque dierum esset, Suet.: bona patris huiusce Sex. Roscii, quae sunt sexagies (sc. centenûm milium), Cic. – e) m. Genet. des Gegenstandes, dem etwas ge-

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hört, angehört, dem etwas zukommt, α) eigen sein, gehören, Gallia est Ariovisti, Caes.: cuius tum fasces erant, der damals die Regierung hatte, Cic.: Rhodiorum esse, den Rhodiern gehören, ihnen unterworfen sein, Liv. – β) eigen-, ergeben sein ( mit totus u. ohne dasselbe), me Pompei totum esse, Cic.: plebs novarum rerum atque Hannibalis tota est, Liv.: hominum, non causarum erant, nahmen bloß Rücksicht auf die Personen, nicht auf die Sachen, Liv.: suarum rerum erant, bekümmerten sich nur um ihre eigenen Angelegenheiten, Liv. – γ) eigentümlich sein, jmds. Sache, Gewohnheit, Pflicht sein, das Zeichen von etwas sein, cuiusvis hominis est errare, es ist jedes Menschen Sache zu irren, jeder kann irren, Cic.: est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, ut etc., Caes.: est adulescentis maiores natu vereri, Cic.: est miserorum, ut malevolentes sint, Plaut. – Anstatt des Genet. eines persönl. Pron. das Possess. im Neutr., fuit tuum lugere, Caes.: est tuum videre, Cic. – f) m. Genet. eines Subst. u. Gerundivs, zu etw. dienen, etw. zum Zwecke haben (s. Weißenb. Liv. 3, 24, 1), quod initio conservandae libertatis atque augendae rei publicae fuerat, Sall.: frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse, Liv. – g) mit dem Dat. der Bestimmung, des Zweckes, α) v. Pers. od. einer Sache, jmdm. etw. sein = für jmd. od. etw. abgeben, alci custodem, patrem, matrem esse, alci adiutricem, fautricem esse, Komik

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(s. Lorenz Plaut. most. 1139. Philol. 32, 298): Romam caput Latio esse, Liv. – od. wozu dienen, radix est vescendo, Plin.: esui potuique esse, ICt. – β) passen, schicklich sein, est palaestrae, Cic. – γ) geschickt-, tauglich sein, sum oneri ferendo, ich kann tragen, Liv.: non esse solvendo, nicht bezahlen können, Cic.: solvendo aeri alieno esse, Liv. – δ) sein, gereichen, impedimento esse alci, Cic.: detrimento, maculae esse, Cic.: esse argumento, Cic. – h) m. ad u. Akk., dienlich-, tauglich sein gegen od zu usw., vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam, Cato: res, quae sunt ad incendia, Caes.: valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime, Cic. – i) mit de u. Abl., über od. von etw. handeln (s. Sorof Cic. Tusc. 1, 24), is liber, qui est de animo, Cic.: haec omnis, quae est de vita et de moribus philosophia, Cic.: id est, hoc est, das ist, das heißt, zuweilen auch steigernd: was so viel ist als, das heißt also, also, Cic.; vgl. Kritz Sall. Iug. 31, 20. – ⇒ Archaist. Formen: esum = sum, Varro LL. 9, 100: Fut. escit = erit, XII tabb. fr. ed. Schoell tab. 1. fr. 3 ( bei Gell. 20, 1, 25); tab. 5. fr. 4 ( bei Ulp. fr. 26, 1); tab. 5. fr. 5 (in Mos. et Rom. legg. coll. 16, 4. § 2); tab. 5. fr. 7 ( bei Fest. 162 19 u. Cornif. rhet. 1, 23 Klolz). Lucr. 1, 619 (vgl. Wesenberg Cic. Tusc. 3, 11. p. 278. 14 ed. Baiter): escunt = erunt, XII tabb. fr. tab. 10. fr. 9 ( bei Cic. de legg. 2, 60). – Coni. Praes. siem, Plaut. Amph. prol.

[b]2. sum = suum, s. suus a.E. ⇒.

cēnseo (on the long e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, censum (late Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; but not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. [etym. dub.; often referred to root cas-, whence carmen, camoenus; but prob. from centum, orig. centere, to hundred or number the people; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373].

To tax, assess, rate, estimate.

In reference to the census (v. census).

Of the censor (v. censor).

Rarely act. with acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; but usu. pass., with subj. -nom.:

censores populi aevitates, suboles, familias, pecuniasque censento,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30:

censor ad quojus censionem, id est arbitrium, populus censeretur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Mull.:

census... indicat eum qui sit census se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentis censere jubere, P. Scipio ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne absens censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8:

sub lustrum censeri,

id. ib.:

milia octoginta eo lustro civium censa dicuntur,

Liv. 1, 44, 2:

censa civium capita centum septendecim milia trecenta undeviginti,

id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14:

censebantur ejus aetatis lustris ducena quinquagena milia capitum,

id. 9, 19, 2:

cum capitum liberorum censa essent CLII. milia,

Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—

With the amount at which the property was rated, in the acc.: or abl.:

praesertim census equestrem Summam nummorum,

being assessed with the estate necessary to a Roman knight, Hor. A. P. 383:

primae classis homines quicentum et viginti quinque milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore summa aeris censebantur,

Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those who were assessed ac cording to their ability to labor: qui nullo [p. 312] aut perquam parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus autem census capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis septuaginta quinque, Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1;

and in the finite verb: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur,

Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —

Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = census agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec frequentia quae convenit ludorum censendique causa (i.e. census agendi causa, for the sake of the census), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54:

mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem operosam... suo proprio magistratu egere... cui arbitrium formulae censendi subiceretur,

the scheme for taking the census, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

quia is censendo finis factus est,

id. 1, 44, 2:

civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt,

Vell. 2, 15:

aetatem in censendo significare necesse est... aetas autem spectatur censendi tempore,

Dig. 50, 15, 3.—

Censum censere = censum agere, only in the gerundial dat.:

illud quaero, sintne illa praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile,

are they subject to the census, Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., that he would add a rule for the taking of the census, according to which, etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri proprie appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Mull.—

Of the assessment of the provinces under provincial officers (censores, and, under the later emperors, censitores).

Pass., with the territory as subject-nom.: quinto quoque anno Sicilia tota censetur;

erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa denuo est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:

omne territorium censeatur quoties, etc.,

Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—

The persons assessed as subject:

ubi (coloni) censiti atque educati natique sunt,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6:

quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit,

ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With part. as attribute:

rusticos censitosque servos vendi,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—

To determine by the census:

cum antea per singulos viros, per binas vero mulieres capitis norma sit censa,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10:

nisi forte privilegio aliquo materna origo censeatur,

Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—

Act. with acc.:

vos terras vestras levari censitione vultis, ego vero etiam aerem vestrum censere vellem,

Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—

Of the person assessed, to value, make a statement of one ' s property in the census.

Act. with acc.:

in qua tribu ista praedia censuisti?

Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—

Censeri, as dep. with acc.:

census es praeterea numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse censum, constabat inter omnes, si aliena censendo Decianus sua facere posset, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—

Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. high estimates of property in the census, Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).

Transf., of things and persons in gen., to value, estimate, rate.

By a figure directly referring to the Roman census: aequo mendicus atque ille opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem mortuus, will be rated by an equal census, i.e. in the same class, without considering their property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis ope vostra censerier, referring to a part of the audience, you, who may be rated according to your intelligence, analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. b), id. Capt. prol. 15:

nam argumentum hoc hic censebitur,

will be rated, its census-class will be determined here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in quoque optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to which he is rated, i.e. his worth is determined, Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And with two acc.: quintus Phosphorus, Junonia, immo Veneris stella censetur, is ranked as the fifth, App. de Mundo, p. 710.—

With direct reference to the census.

= aestimo, to estimate, weigh, value, appreciate.

With gen. of price:

dic ergo quanti censes?

Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—

In the pass.: si censenda nobis atque aestimanda res sit, utrum tandem pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we have to weigh and estimate a thing, etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48:

anule... In quo censendum nil nisi dantis amor,

Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2:

interim autem facta sola censenda dicit atque in judicium vocanda,

Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—

= honorari, celebrari, with de aliquo, = for the sake of somebody (in Ovid):

pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, amicus, Comprecor, etc.,

the friend for the sake of whom you are celebrated, who is the cause of your renown, Ov. P. 2, 5, 73:

hoc domui debes de qua censeris,

id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—

Censeri, dep., = to distinguish, with acc. only once or twice in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. b):

hanc semper... Est inter comites Marcia censa suas,

has always distinguished her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—

Censeri aliqua re.

= to be appreciated, distinguished, celebrated for some quality, as if the quality were a standard determining the census, analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. b), very freq. in post-class. writings:

Democritus cum divitiis censeri posset,

when he might have been celebrated for his wealth, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4:

Aristides quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitia),

id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode matronalis stola censetur ( = tua, i.e. pudicitiae, custodia), the stola, etc., is appreciated for thy custody, id. 6, 1 prooem.:

una adhuc victoria Carius Metius censebatur,

Tac. Agr. 45:

ut ipsi quoque qui egerunt non aliis magis orationibus censeantur,

id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus tantum censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is celebrated not only for its grapes, but, etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12:

et Galliae censentur hoc reditu,

id. 19, 1, 2, § 7:

quisquis paulo vetustior miles, hic te commilitone censetur,

is distinguished for the fact that you were his fellow-soldier, Plin. Pan. 15 fin.:

multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur,

Suet. Gram. 10:

felix quae tali censetur munere tellus,

Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo tellus, = for the fact that Livy was born there, id. 1, 61, 3:

hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi,

for the fact that Nestor used them, id. 8, 6, 9:

nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit (Iberia),

Claud. Laud. Seren. 67:

libri mei non alia laude carius censentur, quam quod judicio vestro comprobantur,

App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,

= to be known by something (Appuleian):

hoc nomine censebatur jam meus dominus,

App. M. 8, p. 171:

nomen quo tu censeris aiebat,

id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro studio bibendi quo solo censetur, either known by, or distinguished for, id. Mag. p. 499:

globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur,

which is known by its unerring course, id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,

As gram. t. t., to be marked by some peculiarity, according to which a word is classified: neque de armis et moeniis infitias eo quin figura multitudinis perpetua censeantur, that they are marked by the form of constant plurality, i. e. that they are pluralia tantum, Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.

Of transactions in and by the Senate, to judge (in the meanings II. and III. the passive voice is not in class. use, while in I. the passive voice is by far the most freq.).

To be of opinion, to propose, to vote, to move, referring to the votes of the senators when asked for their opinions (sententiam dicere).

With a (passive) inf.-clause, denoting what should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, quid censes? tum ille Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, I am of the opinion ( I move, propose) that satisfaction should be sought, etc., ancient formula ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.:

primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:

hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum,

id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf.

Regulus's advice in the Senate, being represented as a vote: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111:

quare ita ego censeo... de confessis more majorum supplicium sumendum,

Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14:

Appius imperio consulari rem agendam censebat,

Liv. 2, 23, 15:

ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent,

id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figenda in curia censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57:

ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint,

Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the emperor's vote in the Senate:

commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrina nostratem requirendam,

Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And with the copula expressed (very rare):

qui censet eos... morte esse multandos,

Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to sententia as subject:

sententia quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant),

Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes with oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.:

quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere,

Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial:

hac corona civica L. Gellius in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publica censuit,

Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the opinion of the senator does not refer to the chief question, but to incidental points, the predic. inf. may have any form:

eas leges quas M. Antonius tulisse dicitur omnes censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10:

cum magna pars senatus... cum tyrannis bellum gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc.,

Liv. 26, 32, 2.—

With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, generally when the clause has an active predicate, but also with passives instead of the gerundial inf.-clause:

de ea re ita censeo uti consules designati dent operam uti senatus Kal. Jan. tuto haberi possit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37:

censeo ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne sit ea res fraudi, si, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 12, 34:

censebant omnes fere (senatores) ut in Italia supplementum meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur,

id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:

Cn. Pompeius (in senatu) dixit, sese... censere ut ad senatus auctoritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adjungeretur,

id. Sest. 34, 74:

quas ob res ita censeo: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc.... iis fraudi ne sit quod cum M. Antonio fuerint,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

Calidius, qui censebat ut Pompeius in suas provincias proficisceretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 2:

censuerunt quidam (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur,

Suet. Tib. 17:

iterum censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the emperor's vote in the Senate),

id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-clause, with neu or ut:

sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu quis postea de his ad senatum referat, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 43:

qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat,

Tac. A. 4, 20.—

With a subj.-clause, without ut (rare in this connection;

v. III. C. 3.): K. Fabius censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum munus facere, captivum agrum plebi quam maxime aequaliter darent,

Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And ironically with regard to incidental points: vereamini censeo ne... nimis aliquid severe statuisse videamini, I propose you should be afraid of having decreed too severe a punishment = of course, you will not be afraid, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini censeo—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—atque etiam armatos dimittatis, I propose that you pity them, etc., or I advise you to be merciful, Sall. C. 52, 26.—

Ellipt., with a gerundial clause understood:

dic quid censes (i. e. decernendum),

Liv. 1, 32, 11: quod ego mea sententia censebam (i.e. decernendum), Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

senati decretum fit, sicut ille censuerat,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

quas ob res ita censeo... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum censeo, etc.),

Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—

= sententiam dicere, to tell, to express one ' s opinion in the Senate (post-class.).

Absol.: Priscus Helvidius.. contra studium ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an opinion against his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91:

cum parum sit, in senatu breviter censere, nisi, etc.,

id. Dial. 36 fin.:

sententias... prout libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum magis quam adsentiendum esset,

Suet. Aug. 35:

igitur Cn. Piso, quo, inquit, loco censebis, Caesar? si primus, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 74.—

With adjectives in the neuter, substantively used: nec quoquam reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, who dared to express an opinion on any [p. 313] thing, Suet. Caes. 20:

per dissensionem diversa censentium,

of the senators who expressed different opinions, id. Claud. 10.—

With interrog. or rel.-clause:

deinde ageret senatorem et censeret quid corrigi aut mutari vellet,

Tac. A. 16, 28:

cum censeat aliquis (in senatu) quod ex parte mihi placeat,

Sen. Ep. 21, 9.

Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to resolve, decree.

With inf.-clause.

With gerund, without copula (v. II. A. 1.):

eum, cujus supplicio senatus sollennes religiones expiandas saepe censuit,

Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

eos senatus non censuit redimendos,

id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:

senatus Caelium ab republica removendum censuit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

senatus censuit frequens coloniam Labicos deducendam,

Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4:

cum bello persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent,

id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—

With pres. inf. pass. or act., with the force of a gerundial:

de bonis regiis quae reddi antea censuerant ( = reddenda),

Liv. 2, 5, 1:

munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres),

id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.):

eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant,

id. 45, 12, 13:

cum senatus unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset,

Suet. Caes. 26.—With both act. and pass. inf.:

censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam rursus fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere,

Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With both pres. pass. and gerund. inff.:

haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda comitia consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici,

Liv. 27, 5, 14.—

And with velle: senatus verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4.—

With ut or ne.

In the words of the Senate, according to formula: quod L. Opimius verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L. Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet, etc., ancient S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: quod, etc., de ea re ita censuerunt ut M. Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And with gerundial inf.-clause: quod C. Julius pontifex... de ea re ita censuerunt, uti M. Antonius consul hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset satis habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—

As related by the historians, etc.:

quoniam senatus censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

patres censuerunt uti consules provincias inter se compararent,

Liv. 30, 40, 12:

senatus censuit ut domus ei... publica impensa restitueretur,

Suet. Claud. 6;

so with reference to the civil law,

Dig. 49, 14, 15 quater. —With ne:

senatum censuisse, ne quis illo anno genitus educaretur,

Suet. Aug. 94.—And with inf -clause:

filio regis Nicomedi ex ea summa munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur,

Liv. 45, 44, 15.—

With a subj.-clause (very rare):

senatus consulto quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc.,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—

With neutr. acc. pron. in place of a clause:

cum vero id senatus frequens censuisset (sc. faciendum),

Cic. Pis. 8, 18:

ite in suffragium, et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete,

Liv. 31, 7, 14:

quodcunque vos censueritis,

id. 34, 7, 15:

quodpatres censuissent,

id. 28, 45, 2.—

With accusative of a noun, or a noun as passive subject, to decree or vote a thing (postclass.):

nec tamen repertum nisi ut effigies principum, aras deum, templa et arcus aliaque solita... censuere,

Tac. A. 3, 57:

aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere,

id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur clipeus auro et magnitudine insignis inter auctores eloquentiae ( to be placed among, etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—

With both acc. and dat.

The dat. = against:

bellum Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et populus jussit,

Liv. 10, 12, 3.—

The dat. = in behalf of:

censentur Ostorio triumphi insignia,

Tac. A. 12, 38.—And with ut:

sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere,

id. ib. 13, 8.

Transf.

Of the opinions and resolutions of other deliberating bodies, or of their members, to resolve, or to be of opinion.

With inf.-clause.

Gerundial:

erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum (council of war),

Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent,

id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77:

pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi... pecunia publica aedificandam domum censuerunt,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52: nunc surgendum censeo, I move we adjourn (in a literary meeting), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent,

Liv. 5, 23, 9:

nunc has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an assembly of the people),

id. 5, 53, 3:

ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate),

id. 21, 10, 13:

ante omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... censeo deducendos esse (Hannibal in a council of war),

id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12:

cum septem judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum exilio multandum, duo alii pecunia, tres reliqui capite puniendum,

Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And with oportere inst. of a gerundial clause (referring to duty):

neque sine gravi causa eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With opus esse ( = expediency):

Parmenio furto, non proelio opus esse censebat,

Curt. 10, 8, 12.—

With ordinary pres. inf.

In place of a gerundial:

Antenor censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a council of war),

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—

Denoting opinion about an existing state:

Hasdrubal ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram adhuc Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus satis fidam censebat,

Liv. 27, 20, 6:

Parmenio non alium locum proelio aptiorem esse censebat,

Curt. 3, 7, 8.—

With ut or ne:

censeo ut satis diu te putes requiesse et iter reliquum conficere pergas (in a literary meeting),

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent (council of war),

Caes. B. C. 1, 67:

et nunc magnopere censere, ut unam anum... triginta milibus talentum auri permutet (council of war),

Curt. 4, 11, 12:

censeout D. Claudius ex hac die deus fiat (council of the gods),

Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos audio censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved (family council), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—

With subj.-clause:

nunc quoque arcessas censeo omnes navalis terrestrisque copias (Hannibal in council of war),

Liv. 36, 7, 17: censeo relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum (assembly of the people), Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—

With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used:

ego pro sententia mea hoc censeo: quandoquidem, etc.,

Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4:

nec dubitavere quin vera censeret,

that his opinion was correct, Curt. 10, 6, 18.—

Ellipt.:

sententiis quarum pars deditionem, pars eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam),

Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.:

ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit,

Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.

Of the orders of persons in authority (cf. II. B.).

Of commanders, etc., by courtesy, inst. of velle, imperare, or a direct imperative sentence.

With gerundial inf. - clause: non tam imperavi quam censui sumptus legatis quam maxime ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not strictly as an order, but as an opinion that, etc. (Cicero as proconsul), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—

With subj.-clause: arma quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, you had better, etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —

Of an order by the people (rare;

gen. populus jubet): ita id (foedus) ratum fore si populus censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse),

Liv. 21, 19, 3.—

Of the later emperors, in their ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the custom of the earlier emperors, who conveyed their commands in the form of an opinion in the senate; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.clause, ut, ne, and subj.-clause:

sex mensium spatium censemus debere servari,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7:

censemus ut, etc.,

ib. 12, 37 (38), 13:

censemus ne, etc.,

ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23:

in commune jubes si quid censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.

Of advice, given by one person to another (further development of III. A.).

Ante-class. formula: faciundum censeo = I advise, with ut-clause, with quid, sic, etc.: censeo faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam ire jubeas, etc., I advise you to order, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6:

ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat,

consult Tiresias as to what he advises, for his advice, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80:

consulam hanc rem amicos quid faciundum censeant,

id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

sic faciundum censeo: Da isti cistellam, etc.,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 104:

ego sic faciundum censeo: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc.,

id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91:

sane faciundum censeo,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—

With ordinary gerundial inf.-clauses:

narrandum ego istuc militi censebo,

I advise you to let the soldier know that, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42:

exorando sumendam operam censeo,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 22:

quid nunc consili captandum censes?

id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115:

idem tibi censeo faciendum,

Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3:

quos quidem tibi studiose et diligenter tractandos magno opere censeo,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere with an inf.-clause (in the comic poets):

amicos consulam quo me modo Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui homo cum animo... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum animus aequom censeat, An ita potius ut parentes... velint i. e. as his mind prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—

With a subj.clause (so esp. with censeo in 1 st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do you advise me to ask the man? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20:

tu, si videbitur, ita censeo facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum censeo ut, 1. supra),

Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

immo plane, inquam, Brute, legas (Gracchum) censeo,

id. Brut. 33, 125:

tu, si forte quid erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas censeo,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7:

tu, censeo, tamen adhibeas Vettium,

id. Att. 2, 4, 7:

quae disputari de amicitia possunt, ab iis censeo petatis qui ista profitentur,

id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, censeo, Luceriam venias: nusquam eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A:

censeo Via Appia iter facias, et celeriter Brundusium venias,

id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas censeo, et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos tamen numeros censeo videas hodou parergon, Gell. 17, 20, 5:

quam scit uterque, libens censebo exerceat artem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an advice given to an adversary, with irony:

cetera si qua putes te occultius facere posse... magnopere censeo desistas,

I strongly advise you to give up that idea, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:

sed tu, Acci, consideres censeo diligenter, utrum censorum judicium grave esse velis an Egnatii,

id. Clu. 48, 135:

postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... numquam impetrabunt,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 97:

ibi quaeratis socios censeo, ubi Saguntina clades ignota est,

Liv. 21, 19, 10:

solvas censeo, Sexte, creditori,

Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in jest:

Treviros vites censeo, audio capitalis esse,

Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo... qua re ad patres censeo revertare,

id. ib. 9, 21, 3:

vites censeo porticum Philippi: si te viderit Hercules, peristi,

Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For ironical senatorial advice, by which the contrary is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—

With an ut-clause (with monere;

very rare): illud tamen vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse puta... ut tu quoque animum inducas, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—

With a clause understood: quo me vortam nescio: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum censeo (i.e. id facias or faciundum censeo), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53:

quid nunc censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum),

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112:

ita faciam ut frater censuit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11:

tibi igitur hoc censeo (i. e. faciendum): latendum tantisper ibidem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu [p. 314] potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita censeo, id. ib. 16, 20:

quid censes igitur? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc.,

id. Att. 9, 12, 4: quid igitur censet (sapientia)? What is wisdom ' s advice? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

scribi quid placeat, quid censeas,

id. Att. 9, 19,4:

ibitur igitur, et ita quidem ut censes,

id. ib. 10, 15, 3:

disce, docendus adhuc, quae censet amiculus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.

Of opinions and views on general questions, to be of opinion, think, believe, hold (cf.: statuo, existimo, puto, aio, dico; freq. in class. prose; very rare in post-class. writers except Gellius; never with ut, ne, or subj.-clause).

With inf.-clause:

Plato mundum esse factum censet a deo sempiternum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

Cyrenaici non omni malo aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato,

id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28:

(Hieronymus) censet summum bonum esse sine ulla molestia vivere,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 16:

Aristoteles eos qui valetudinis causa furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens,

id. Div. 1, 38, 81:

Pythagoras censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem,

id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88:

Plato in civitate communis esse mulieres censuit,

Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the opinion refers to what should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial predicate with esse (so in Cic., but in Gell. 7, 15, 3, without esse):

oportere delubra esse in urbibus censeo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26:

M. Varro aeditumum dici oportere censet,

Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2;

so with debere,

id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4:

Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116:

(Ennius) non censet lugendam esse mortem quam immortalitas consequatur,

id. Sen. 20, 73.—

An inf.-clause understood:

(dissensio est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur initium. Ego enim ab ultimis censeo (i. e. exordiendum esse),

Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65:

sic enim censuit,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—

With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc amplius censeo, in addition to the opinions mentioned I hold, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2:

nullo (medico) idem censente,

Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—

With a rel.-clause:

Aesopus quae utilia... erant, non severe neque imperiose praecepit et censuit,

he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—

Absol.:

non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus,

the right to impart my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.

In gen., = arbitror, puto, existimo, judico (cf.: idem enim valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere nunc significat putare, nunc suadere, nunc decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Mull.).

To judge, think, believe, suppose (freq. in ante-class. writings; very rare in Cic. except in the particular meanings, a.—ironically—and d.; always with inf.-clause expressed or understood).

In gen.:

atque ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.:

satis jam delusam censeo: rem, ut est, nunc eloquamur,

id. As. 3, 3, 141:

nam si honeste censeam te facere posse, suadeam,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 60:

neque ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse censeo,

id. Am. 1, 1, 126:

saluti quod tibi esse censeo,

id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, Cincius, Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:

eo namque omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules),

Liv. 7, 32, 3:

nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent,

id. 7, 31, 7:

quaeso ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas,

id. 7, 13, 8:

at illa purgare se, quod quae utilia esse censebat... suasisset,

Curt. 8, 3, 7: Alexander, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—

With reference to an erroneous opinion, to imagine, suppose, falsely believe:

censebam me effugisse a vita marituma Ne navigarem, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108:

omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi,

id. Am. prol. 122, 134:

jam hic ero, quom illic censebis esse me,

id. ib. 3, 3, 14:

ardere censui aedes,

id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

ego hunc censebam esse te,

id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88:

non ipsa saxa magis sensu omni vacabant quam ille... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And ironically:

nisi forte Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

nisi forte etiam illi Semproniano senatus consulto me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae quidem fui,

id. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

neminem me fortiorem esse censebam,

Curt. 8, 14, 42.—

Referring to what should take place.

With gerundial inf.-clause:

navis praedatoria, Abs qua cavendum nobis sane censeo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70:

soli gerundum censeo morem,

id. Most. 1, 3, 69:

neque vendundam censeo Quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17:

ceterum ei qui consilium adferret opem quoque in eam rem adferendam censebant esse,

Liv. 25, 11, 14.—

With oportere, debere, or an ordinary inf.-clause:

solam illi me soli censeo esse oportere obedientem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47:

quibus declaraveram, quo te animo censerem esse oportere, et quid tibi faciendum arbitrarer,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1:

rursus interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

Curt. 8, 14, 43: impudens postulatio visa est, censere... ipsos id (bellum) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to entertain the idea that they should direct that war against themselves and their own lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4:

munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

quae nos quoque sustinere censebat,

App. M. 11, p. 253.—

By aequum censere with ordinary inf.clause, expressed or understood, either = it is fair ( right) to do something, or something ought or should be done (so very freq. in the comic poets and Livy; rare in other writers): non ego istunc me potius quam te metuere aequom censeo, I do not think it right to fear him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: quid me aequom censes pro illa tibi dare? What do you think I should give as a fair price? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, I thought it my duty that my mind should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: ecquis est tandem qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas dare ob eam rem quod arguatur male facere voluisse? Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36:

quis aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi?

Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And without emphasis upon the idea of fairness or right:

si sunt ita ut ego aequom censeo,

as I think they ought to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42:

qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris ilico nasci senes,

who believe that we should be born as old men right from childhood, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10:

qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi,

Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant;

senatum quaerere de pecunia non relata in publicum... aequum censebant,

Liv. 38, 54, 5:

cives civibus parcere aequum censebat,

Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—

Very freq., esp. in Cic., when a question, rhetorical or real, is addressed to a second person, often referring to erroneous opinions:

an fores censebas nobis publicitus praeberier?

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7:

clanculum istaec te flagitia facere censebas potesse?

id. Men. 4, 2, 47:

hicine nos habitare censes?

id. Trin. 4, 3, 72:

omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu quia es?

id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: continuo dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35:

adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam?

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10:

nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, quid censes in Latino fore?

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15:

quid igitur censes? Apim illum nonne deum videri Aegyptiis?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:

quis haec neget esse utilia? quem censes?

id. Off. 3, 26, 99:

an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc.,

id. Sen. 23, 82:

an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis?

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4:

quid censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 (with obj.inf.).—With conditional period inst. of an inf.-clause:

num censes faceret, filium nisi sciret eadem haec velle,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.—

Sometimes censemus? is used in the same way as censes?

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—

With an inf.clause understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: quid ergo censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: quid illum censes? (i. e. eo loco facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12:

quid illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere),

id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, very freq. in the comic poets, censeo, absol., as an approving answer; also sic censeo, istuc censeo, ita censeo (Cic.) to be variously rendered: ego divinam rem intus faciam... So. Censeo, that will be right! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus quid agat: Ph. Sane censeo, so we will, indeed, id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: quid si recenti re aedis pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: quin eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, hercle, patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri etiam gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I think so (and after answering several questions with censeo): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non censeo. Pl. Nunc non censet quom volo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: male habeas! Mu. Sic censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, istuc censeo, id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.:

prorsus ita censeo, referring to general questions, as in D.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23);

once similarly censeas: Quid gravare? censeas!

Say yes, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—

To resolve, as a merely mental act, with gerundial inf.-clause (rare; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, Caesar maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to hasten, lit., thought he must hasten ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.:

censuimus igitur amplius quaerendum,

Gell. 12, 14, 7.—

To consider, i. e. after carefully weighing the circumstances, with inf.-clause (rare):

sed cum censerem... me et periculum vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea causa mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit,

Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—

= pu tare, habere, judicare, to consider as, to hold, with two acc., or inf.-clause.

With double acc.:

quom dispicias tristem, frugi censeas (i.e. eum),

you would consider him thrifty, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32:

auxilio vos dignos censet senatus,

considers you worthy of help, Liv. 7, 31, 2:

has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc.,

Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum nobilitas hostem patriae censuisset, judged, declared him the enemy, etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—

In the pass. with nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.):

praeter illas unam et viginti (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur,

Gell. 3, 3, 3:

quae terrena censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse),

are considered as being of the terrestrial kind, Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub aliquo censeri, to be considered as being under one ' s influence, id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 (with per).—

To wish, with subj.-clause or ne (in App.):

de coma pretiosi velleris floccum mihi confestim adferas censeo,

App. M. 6. [p. 315] p. 117:

censeo ne ulla cura os percolat,

id. Mag. p. 411.

censeo, ēre, = succenseo, to be angry: ne vobis censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24.

com-mŏdus, a, um, adj., that has a due or proper measure; hence,

Object., complete, perfect, of full weight or measure, fit, suitable, due, proper, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose;

most freq. in Plaut.): statura,

a tall stature, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

capillus,

id. Most. 1, 3, 98:

viginti argenti minae,

full twenty, id. As. 3, 3, 134 (cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 144: minae bonae); id. Merc. 2, 3, 101:

talentum argenti,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 31; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 266, 27:

novem cyathis commodis miscentur pocula,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 12:

alimenta,

Dig. 34, 1, 16, § 1:

capitis valetudo commodior,

more firm, Cels. 8, 1; Quint. 6, 3, 77;

and transf. to the person: vivere filium atque etiam commodiorem esse,

to be better, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 4.—

Subject., suitable, fit, convenient, opportune, commodious, easy, appropriate for some one or something, favorable, friendly to (in every period and species of composition); constr. with dat. or absol., rarely with ad (v. the foll.).

Of things.

With dat.

Of the purpose or use:

curationi omnia commodiora,

Liv. 30, 19, 5:

nec pecori opportuna seges nec commoda Baccho,

Verg. G. 4, 129.—

Of the person:

hoc et vobis et meae commodum famae arbitror,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 9:

quod erit mihi bonum et commodum,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 81:

nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est (corresp. with prodesse),

Liv. 34, 3, 5:

primordia eloquentiae mortalibus,

Tac. Or. 12:

hanc sibi commodissimam belli rationem judicavit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 85:

quae sit stella homini commoda, quaeque mala,

Prop. 2 (3), 27, 4.—

Absol.:

hiberna,

Liv. 42, 67, 8:

longius ceterum commodius iter,

id. 22, 2, 2; cf.:

commodissimus in Britanniam transjectus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2:

commodius anni tempus,

Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 3:

faciliore ac commodiore judicio,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 8:

litterae satis commodae de Britannicis rebus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 25:

mores,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

commodissimum esse statuit, omnes naves subduci, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11.—

With or without dat. pers. in the phrase commodum est, it pleases, is agreeable, = libet:

proinde ut commodum est,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 8; 3, 1, 2: dum erit commodum, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 38:

si id non commodum est,

id. Eun. 3, 2, 49; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33 Ascon.; 2, 2, 16, § 39; 2, 1, 26, § 65; 2, 3, 70, § 165; id. Div. 1, 49, 111; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87; Plin. Pan. 48, 1:

id si tibi erit commodum, cures velim,

Cic. Att. 13, 48, 2; Cels. 4, 4; 4, 22.—

With ad and acc. of purpose (very rare):

nec satis ad cursus commoda vestis Erat,

Ov. F. 2, 288.—

With sup. in u (rare):

hoc exornationis genus... commodum est auditu,

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 26.—

Of persons, serving a neighbor or (more freq.) accommodating one ' s self to his wishes, useful, serviceable, pleasant, agreeable, obliging, neighborly, friendly, polite, affable, gentle, etc.:

mihi commodus uni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 227:

quemquamne existimas Catone commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?

Cic. Mur. 31, 66:

commodior mitiorque,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 39:

Apronius, qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

convivae,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 2; cf.:

commodus comissator,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8; and:

commodus meis sodalibus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 1:

homines,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 28:

mulier commoda, Faceta,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 10; cf. id. And. 5, 2, 3.—In a double sense with I. supra:

ubi tu commoda's, capillum commodum esse credito,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 98.— Poet., of the measure of iambic verse:

spondeos in jura paterna recepit Commodus et patiens,

sharing the paternal rights with them, in a fraternal manner, Hor. A. P. 257.—Hence,

Subst.: commŏdum, i, n.

A convenient opportunity, favorable condition, convenience (rare, but in good prose):

nostrum exspectare,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1:

cum tamdiu sedens meum commodum exspectet,

id. ib. 14, 2, 3;

12, 38, 1: velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

when it shall be convenient for you, id. ib. 12, 28, 3.—More freq.,

In the connection commodo meo, tuo, etc., per commodum, ex commodo, at, or according to my, thy, etc., convenience, conveniently, at one ' s leisure:

etiamsi spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

according to our convenience, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56:

quod commodo tuo fiat,

id. Fam. 4, 2, 4; 1, 1, 3; id. Att. 13, 48, 1: suo commodo me convenire, Caes. ap. Cic. ib. 14, 1, 2:

ubi consul copias per commodum exponere posset,

Liv. 42, 18, 3:

tamquam lecturus ex commodo,

Sen. Ep. 46, 1; Col. 12, 19, 3;

so opp. festinanter,

id. 6, 2, 14.—

Advantage, profit (very freq. in all periods and species of composition):

commodum est, quod plus usus habet quam molestiae: bonum sincerum debet esse et ab omni parte innoxium,

Sen. Ep. 87, 36 sq.:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

ut ex illius commodo meum compararem commodum,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17; cf. id. Hec. 5, 3, 42; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 23:

cui tam subito tot congruerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

(honestatem) ipsam suo splendore ad se animos ducere, nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7, 15 (IV. 2, p. 470 Orell.): sequi matris commodum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 31:

pacis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 82, 335:

contra valetudinis commodum laborare,

to the injury of health, id. Mur. 23, 47:

mea,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 37:

in publica peccem,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

populi commoda,

Nep. Phoc. 4, 1.—

Specif., a reward, pay, stipend, salary, wages for public service: veteranorum, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 3:

omnibus provincialibus ornamentis commodisque depositis,

emoluments, id. Red. in Sen. 14, 35; Suet. Ner. 32; cf.:

emeritae militiae,

id. Calig. 44; id. Aug. 49; cf. also id. Vit. 15; id. Galb. 12:

militibus commoda dare,

Ov. A. A. 1, 131 sq.:

tribunatus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

missionum,

Suet. Aug. 49.—

A favor, privilege, immunity, Suet. Aug. 31; id. Claud. 19.—

A useful thing, a good:

commoda vitae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; Lucr. 3, 2; cf.:

cetera opinione bona sunt... proprietas in illis boni non est. Itaque commoda vocentur,

Sen. Ep. 74, 17:

inter commoda illas (divitias) numeratis: atqui eādem ratione ne commodum quidem erunt,

id. ib. 87, 29. —

Sometimes commodo or per commodum, adverb. antith. to that which is [p. 382] injurious, without injury or detriment:

ut regem reducas, quod commodo rei publicae facere possis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

si per commodum reipublicae posset, Romam venisset,

Liv. 10, 25, 17.—

Concr., = commodatum, that which is lent, a loan:

qui forum et basilicas commodis hospitum, non furtis nocentium ornarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf. Isid. Orig. 5, 25, 16.—

Advv.:

commŏdum, adv. temp. (only in colloquial lang. and post-class. prose writers).

At a fit time, just in time, at the very nick, at the very moment, opportunely, seasonably ( = opportune, eukairôs):

ecce autem commodum aperitur foris,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 61:

commodum adveni domum,

id. Am. 2, 2, 37:

orditur loqui,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 12:

ipse exit Lesbonicus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9: eukairôs ad me venit, cum haberem Dolabellam, Torquatus... commodum egeram diligentissime, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1; Symm. Ep. 2, 47. —

To designate a point of time that corresponds with another, or that just precedes it, just, just then, just now.

Absol.:

ad te hercle ibam commodum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 3; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

Taurus, sectatoribus commodum dimissis, sedebat, etc.,

Gell. 2, 2, 2:

si istac ibis, commodum obviam venies patri,

just meet, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 107. —

With postquam or (more freq.) with cum in a parallel clause:

postquam me misisti ad portum cum luci simul, Commodum radiosus ecce sol superabat ex mari,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

quom huc respicio ad virginem, Illa sese interea commodum huc advorterat,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 52:

commodum discesseras heri, cum Trebatius venit,

Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

emerseram commodum ex Antiati in Appiam, cum in me incurrit Curio,

id. ib. 2, 12, 2 B. and K. (al. commode); so with the pluperf. and a foll. cum, id. ib. 13, 19, 1; 13, 30, 2; 10, 16, 1; App. M. 1, p. 107, 15:

adducitur a Veneriis Lollius commodum cum Apronius e palaestrā redisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 B. and K. (Zumpt, commode):

cum jam filiae nostrae dies natalis appeteret, commodum aderant, quae muneri miseratis,

Symm. Ep. 3, 50. —

commŏdŏ, adv. temp., = commodum, a., just in time, seasonably, just at this time (ante-class. and very rare): commodo eccum exit, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P. (i. e. in tempore, Charis.): commodo de parte superiore descendebat, Sisenn. ib.: commodo dictitemus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 174; cf. id. ib. p. 177.—

commŏdē, adv.

(Acc. to commodus, I.) Duly, properly, completely, rightly, well, skilfully, neatly, etc. (class.):

suo quique loco viden' capillus satis compositu'st commode?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97: commode amictus non sum, id. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 12, 3:

saltare, Nep. praef. § 1: legere,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 3; cf. in comp., id. ib. 9, 34, 1:

multa breviter et commode dicta,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf. id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 9; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 20; 1, 2, 33 al.:

cogitare,

id. Heaut. prol. 14:

audire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

valere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11:

feceris commode mihique gratum, si, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 3 fin.:

commode facere, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 7; in comp.:

commodius fecissent tribuni plebis, si, etc.,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 1.—In medic.:

commode facere,

to do well, be beneficial, Cels. 4, 12.—

(Acc. to commodus, II.)

Conveniently, suitably, opportunely, fitly, aptly, appropriately:

magis commode quam strenue navigavi,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

ille satis scite et commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

id. ib. 14, 7, 2:

explorat, quo commodissime itinere valles transiri possit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49 fin.:

hoc ego commodius quam tu vivo,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 110; cf.:

consumere vitiatum commodius quam integrum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 91; Quint. 6, 3, 54:

cui commodissime subjungitur,

id. 9, 3, 82; cf. id. 4, 1, 76.—

In a friendly manner, pleasantly, gently, kindly:

acceptae bene et commode eximus,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 1; id. Poen. 1, 2, 190; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 48.—

(Equiv. to commodum, adv. b.) Just, just at the moment when, etc.; only v.l. in the doubtful passages cited supra, commodum, b. fin.

Commŏdus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; so L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, Roman emperor, Lampr. Commod. 1 sq.; Eutr. 8, 15 al.—Hence,

Commŏdĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Commodus: horti, Lampr. Commod. 8:

thermae,

Spart. Nigid. 6 al. —

Commŏ-dĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

Nonae,

Lampr. Commod. 12; cf. id. ib. 11.—

Commŏ-dus, a, um, adj., the same: mensis, i. e. August, which Commodus wished to name after himself, Lampr. Commod. 11.

com-mŏdus, a, um, adj., that has a due or proper measure; hence,

Object., complete, perfect, of full weight or measure, fit, suitable, due, proper, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose;

most freq. in Plaut.): statura,

a tall stature, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

capillus,

id. Most. 1, 3, 98:

viginti argenti minae,

full twenty, id. As. 3, 3, 134 (cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 144: minae bonae); id. Merc. 2, 3, 101:

talentum argenti,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 31; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 266, 27:

novem cyathis commodis miscentur pocula,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 12:

alimenta,

Dig. 34, 1, 16, § 1:

capitis valetudo commodior,

more firm, Cels. 8, 1; Quint. 6, 3, 77;

and transf. to the person: vivere filium atque etiam commodiorem esse,

to be better, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 4.—

Subject., suitable, fit, convenient, opportune, commodious, easy, appropriate for some one or something, favorable, friendly to (in every period and species of composition); constr. with dat. or absol., rarely with ad (v. the foll.).

Of things.

With dat.

Of the purpose or use:

curationi omnia commodiora,

Liv. 30, 19, 5:

nec pecori opportuna seges nec commoda Baccho,

Verg. G. 4, 129.—

Of the person:

hoc et vobis et meae commodum famae arbitror,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 9:

quod erit mihi bonum et commodum,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 81:

nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est (corresp. with prodesse),

Liv. 34, 3, 5:

primordia eloquentiae mortalibus,

Tac. Or. 12:

hanc sibi commodissimam belli rationem judicavit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 85:

quae sit stella homini commoda, quaeque mala,

Prop. 2 (3), 27, 4.—

Absol.:

hiberna,

Liv. 42, 67, 8:

longius ceterum commodius iter,

id. 22, 2, 2; cf.:

commodissimus in Britanniam transjectus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2:

commodius anni tempus,

Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 3:

faciliore ac commodiore judicio,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 8:

litterae satis commodae de Britannicis rebus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 25:

mores,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

commodissimum esse statuit, omnes naves subduci, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11.—

With or without dat. pers. in the phrase commodum est, it pleases, is agreeable, = libet:

proinde ut commodum est,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 8; 3, 1, 2: dum erit commodum, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 38:

si id non commodum est,

id. Eun. 3, 2, 49; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33 Ascon.; 2, 2, 16, § 39; 2, 1, 26, § 65; 2, 3, 70, § 165; id. Div. 1, 49, 111; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87; Plin. Pan. 48, 1:

id si tibi erit commodum, cures velim,

Cic. Att. 13, 48, 2; Cels. 4, 4; 4, 22.—

With ad and acc. of purpose (very rare):

nec satis ad cursus commoda vestis Erat,

Ov. F. 2, 288.—

With sup. in u (rare):

hoc exornationis genus... commodum est auditu,

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 26.—

Of persons, serving a neighbor or (more freq.) accommodating one ' s self to his wishes, useful, serviceable, pleasant, agreeable, obliging, neighborly, friendly, polite, affable, gentle, etc.:

mihi commodus uni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 227:

quemquamne existimas Catone commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?

Cic. Mur. 31, 66:

commodior mitiorque,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 39:

Apronius, qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

convivae,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 2; cf.:

commodus comissator,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8; and:

commodus meis sodalibus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 1:

homines,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 28:

mulier commoda, Faceta,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 10; cf. id. And. 5, 2, 3.—In a double sense with I. supra:

ubi tu commoda's, capillum commodum esse credito,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 98.— Poet., of the measure of iambic verse:

spondeos in jura paterna recepit Commodus et patiens,

sharing the paternal rights with them, in a fraternal manner, Hor. A. P. 257.—Hence,

Subst.: commŏdum, i, n.

A convenient opportunity, favorable condition, convenience (rare, but in good prose):

nostrum exspectare,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1:

cum tamdiu sedens meum commodum exspectet,

id. ib. 14, 2, 3;

12, 38, 1: velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

when it shall be convenient for you, id. ib. 12, 28, 3.—More freq.,

In the connection commodo meo, tuo, etc., per commodum, ex commodo, at, or according to my, thy, etc., convenience, conveniently, at one ' s leisure:

etiamsi spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

according to our convenience, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56:

quod commodo tuo fiat,

id. Fam. 4, 2, 4; 1, 1, 3; id. Att. 13, 48, 1: suo commodo me convenire, Caes. ap. Cic. ib. 14, 1, 2:

ubi consul copias per commodum exponere posset,

Liv. 42, 18, 3:

tamquam lecturus ex commodo,

Sen. Ep. 46, 1; Col. 12, 19, 3;

so opp. festinanter,

id. 6, 2, 14.—

Advantage, profit (very freq. in all periods and species of composition):

commodum est, quod plus usus habet quam molestiae: bonum sincerum debet esse et ab omni parte innoxium,

Sen. Ep. 87, 36 sq.:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

ut ex illius commodo meum compararem commodum,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17; cf. id. Hec. 5, 3, 42; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 23:

cui tam subito tot congruerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

(honestatem) ipsam suo splendore ad se animos ducere, nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7, 15 (IV. 2, p. 470 Orell.): sequi matris commodum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 31:

pacis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 82, 335:

contra valetudinis commodum laborare,

to the injury of health, id. Mur. 23, 47:

mea,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 37:

in publica peccem,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

populi commoda,

Nep. Phoc. 4, 1.—

Specif., a reward, pay, stipend, salary, wages for public service: veteranorum, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 3:

omnibus provincialibus ornamentis commodisque depositis,

emoluments, id. Red. in Sen. 14, 35; Suet. Ner. 32; cf.:

emeritae militiae,

id. Calig. 44; id. Aug. 49; cf. also id. Vit. 15; id. Galb. 12:

militibus commoda dare,

Ov. A. A. 1, 131 sq.:

tribunatus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

missionum,

Suet. Aug. 49.—

A favor, privilege, immunity, Suet. Aug. 31; id. Claud. 19.—

A useful thing, a good:

commoda vitae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; Lucr. 3, 2; cf.:

cetera opinione bona sunt... proprietas in illis boni non est. Itaque commoda vocentur,

Sen. Ep. 74, 17:

inter commoda illas (divitias) numeratis: atqui eādem ratione ne commodum quidem erunt,

id. ib. 87, 29. —

Sometimes commodo or per commodum, adverb. antith. to that which is [p. 382] injurious, without injury or detriment:

ut regem reducas, quod commodo rei publicae facere possis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

si per commodum reipublicae posset, Romam venisset,

Liv. 10, 25, 17.—

Concr., = commodatum, that which is lent, a loan:

qui forum et basilicas commodis hospitum, non furtis nocentium ornarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf. Isid. Orig. 5, 25, 16.—

Advv.:

commŏdum, adv. temp. (only in colloquial lang. and post-class. prose writers).

At a fit time, just in time, at the very nick, at the very moment, opportunely, seasonably ( = opportune, eukairôs):

ecce autem commodum aperitur foris,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 61:

commodum adveni domum,

id. Am. 2, 2, 37:

orditur loqui,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 12:

ipse exit Lesbonicus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9: eukairôs ad me venit, cum haberem Dolabellam, Torquatus... commodum egeram diligentissime, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1; Symm. Ep. 2, 47. —

To designate a point of time that corresponds with another, or that just precedes it, just, just then, just now.

Absol.:

ad te hercle ibam commodum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 3; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

Taurus, sectatoribus commodum dimissis, sedebat, etc.,

Gell. 2, 2, 2:

si istac ibis, commodum obviam venies patri,

just meet, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 107. —

With postquam or (more freq.) with cum in a parallel clause:

postquam me misisti ad portum cum luci simul, Commodum radiosus ecce sol superabat ex mari,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

quom huc respicio ad virginem, Illa sese interea commodum huc advorterat,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 52:

commodum discesseras heri, cum Trebatius venit,

Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

emerseram commodum ex Antiati in Appiam, cum in me incurrit Curio,

id. ib. 2, 12, 2 B. and K. (al. commode); so with the pluperf. and a foll. cum, id. ib. 13, 19, 1; 13, 30, 2; 10, 16, 1; App. M. 1, p. 107, 15:

adducitur a Veneriis Lollius commodum cum Apronius e palaestrā redisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 B. and K. (Zumpt, commode):

cum jam filiae nostrae dies natalis appeteret, commodum aderant, quae muneri miseratis,

Symm. Ep. 3, 50. —

commŏdŏ, adv. temp., = commodum, a., just in time, seasonably, just at this time (ante-class. and very rare): commodo eccum exit, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P. (i. e. in tempore, Charis.): commodo de parte superiore descendebat, Sisenn. ib.: commodo dictitemus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 174; cf. id. ib. p. 177.—

commŏdē, adv.

(Acc. to commodus, I.) Duly, properly, completely, rightly, well, skilfully, neatly, etc. (class.):

suo quique loco viden' capillus satis compositu'st commode?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97: commode amictus non sum, id. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 12, 3:

saltare, Nep. praef. § 1: legere,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 3; cf. in comp., id. ib. 9, 34, 1:

multa breviter et commode dicta,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf. id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 9; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 20; 1, 2, 33 al.:

cogitare,

id. Heaut. prol. 14:

audire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

valere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11:

feceris commode mihique gratum, si, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 3 fin.:

commode facere, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 7; in comp.:

commodius fecissent tribuni plebis, si, etc.,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 1.—In medic.:

commode facere,

to do well, be beneficial, Cels. 4, 12.—

(Acc. to commodus, II.)

Conveniently, suitably, opportunely, fitly, aptly, appropriately:

magis commode quam strenue navigavi,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

ille satis scite et commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

id. ib. 14, 7, 2:

explorat, quo commodissime itinere valles transiri possit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49 fin.:

hoc ego commodius quam tu vivo,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 110; cf.:

consumere vitiatum commodius quam integrum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 91; Quint. 6, 3, 54:

cui commodissime subjungitur,

id. 9, 3, 82; cf. id. 4, 1, 76.—

In a friendly manner, pleasantly, gently, kindly:

acceptae bene et commode eximus,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 1; id. Poen. 1, 2, 190; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 48.—

(Equiv. to commodum, adv. b.) Just, just at the moment when, etc.; only v.l. in the doubtful passages cited supra, commodum, b. fin.

Commŏdus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; so L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, Roman emperor, Lampr. Commod. 1 sq.; Eutr. 8, 15 al.—Hence,

Commŏdĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Commodus: horti, Lampr. Commod. 8:

thermae,

Spart. Nigid. 6 al. —

Commŏ-dĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

Nonae,

Lampr. Commod. 12; cf. id. ib. 11.—

Commŏ-dus, a, um, adj., the same: mensis, i. e. August, which Commodus wished to name after himself, Lampr. Commod. 11.

confĕro, contŭli, collātum (conl-), conferre, v. a.

To bring, bear, or carry together, to collect, gather (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

ligna circa casam,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

arma,

Vell. 2, 114, 4:

cibos ore suo (aves),

Quint. 2, 6, 7:

undique collatis membris,

Hor. A. P. 3 al.:

sarcinas in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:

collatis militaribus signis,

id. ib. 7, 2:

ut premerer sacrā Lauroque collatāque myrto,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 19:

quo (sc. in proximum horreum) omne rusticum instrumentum,

Col. 1, 6, 7:

illuc (sc. in castella) parentes et conjuges,

Tac. A. 4, 46 fin.:

dentes in corpore (canes),

Ov. M. 3, 236:

materiam omnem, antequam dicere ordiamur,

Quint. 3, 9, 8:

summas (scriptorum) in commentarium et capita,

id. 10, 7, 32:

plura opera in unam tabulam,

id. 8, 5, 26:

quae in proximos quinque libros conlata sunt,

id. 8, prooem. 1: res Romanas Graeco peregrinoque sermone in historiam, Just. pr. 1; cf. Suet. Caes. 44; cf. I. B. 5. infra.; Quint. 4, 1, 23:

rogus inimicis collatus manibus,

Petr. 115 fin. —

In partic.

To collect money, treasures, etc., for any object, to bring offerings, contribute:

dona mihi,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 20:

contulit aes populus,

Ov. F. 4, 351;

so freq. on monuments: AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3648; 74; Suet. Aug. 59:

EX AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3991:

aurum argentumque in publicum,

Liv. 28, 36, 3:

munera ei,

Nep. Ages. 7, 3:

tributa quotannis ex censu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131:

conferre eo minus tributi,

Liv. 5, 20, 5:

in commune,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145; id. Quint. 3, 12:

quadringena talenta quotannis Delum,

Nep. Arist. 3, 1:

(pecunia) ad ejus honores conlata,

Cic. Fl. 25, 59:

ad honorem tuum pecunias maximas contulisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 157:

sextantes in capita,

Liv. 2, 33, 11:

pecunias,

Suet. Caes. 19; id. Aug. 57; 30; Just. 3, 6:

vinum alius, alius mel,

Dig. 41, 1, 7; 47, 7, 3 pr.:

sua bona in medium,

ib. 37, 6, 1 pr.:

magnam partem patrimonii alicui rei,

ib. 50, 4, 5:

cum et Socrati collatum sit ad victum,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.— Absol.:

nos dabimus, nos conferemus, nostro sumptu, non tuo,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 39.—Hence,

Trop., like the Gr. sumpherô (v. Lidd. and Scott in h. v. 5.), to be useful, profitable, to profit, serve, be of use to ( = prosum; cf. also conduco, II.; post-Aug., and only in the third person; most freq. in Quint.); constr. with ad, in, the dat., inf., or absol.

With ad:

naturane plus ad eloquentiam conferat an doctrina,

Quint. 2, 19, 1; so id. 1, 8, 7; 2, 5, 1; 3, 6, 7 al.; Cels. 6, 6, 1; Col. 12, prooem. § 6; Suet. Tib. 4.—

With in:

rursus in alia plus prior (exercitatio) confert,

Quint. 10, 7, 26.—

With dat.:

Gracchorum eloquentiae multum contulisse matrem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6; so id. prooem. § 6; 2, 9, 2; 3, 7, 12 al.; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; 20, 23, 98, § 261; 29, 1, 6, § 13; Suet. Vesp. 6.—

With subj. inf.:

incipiente incremento confert alterna folia circum obruere,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83.—

Absol.:

multum veteres etiam Latini conferunt, imprimis copiam verborum,

Quint. 1, 8, 8; 2, 5, 16; 4, 2, 123 al.; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 67.—

To bring into connection, to unite, join, connect:

membris collatis, of an embrace,

Lucr. 4, 1101; cf.

ora,

App. M. 5, p. 161, 17:

fontes e quibus collatae aquae flumen emittunt,

Curt. 7, 11, 3: capita, to lay heads together (in conferring, deliberating, etc.), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 31; Liv. 2, 45, 7: pedem, to go or come with one, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 41; so,

gradum ( = congredi),

id. Men. 3, 3, 30; id. Ps. 2, 4, 17; Verg. A. 6, 488.—Of chemical union:

dissimiles et dispares res in unam potestatem,

Vitr. 2, 6, 4.—

Trop.:

collatis viribus,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 17; cf.:

conferre vires in unum,

Liv. 33, 19, 7:

collata omnium vota in unius salutem,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5:

e singulis frustis collata oratio,

Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 2, 9, 3:

velut studia inter nos conferebamus,

id. 4, prooem. § 1.— So esp. of conferences, consultations, etc., to consult together, confer, consider or talk over together:

si quid res feret, coram inter nos conferemus,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1:

sollicitudines nostras inter nos,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 2:

rationes,

id. Att 5, 21, 12: familiares sermones cum aliquo, to unite in familiar conversation with, id. Off. 2, 11, 39:

cum hoc in viā sermonem contulit,

id. Inv. 2, 4, 14; cf.:

cum aliquo aut sermones aut consilia,

id. Phil. 2, 15, 38:

consilia ad adulescentes,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 64; cf.:

consilia dispersim antea habita,

Suet. Caes. 80:

injurias,

to deliberate together concerning, Tac. Agr. 15; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2.— Absol.:

omnes sapientes decet conferre et fabulari,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 8.—With a rel.clause:

fusi contulerimus inter nos... quid finis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 4:

ibi conferentibus, quid animorum Hispanis esset,

Liv. 27, 20, 4.—

To bring or join together in a hostile manner, to set together (most freq. in milit. lang.):

(Galli) cum Fontejo ferrum ac manus contulerunt,

Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

signa cum Alexandrinis,

id. Pis. 21, 49; cf.:

collatis signis depugnare,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 66:

arma cum aliquo,

Nep. Eum. 11, 5; 3, 6; cf.:

arma inter se,

Liv. 21, 1, 2:

castra cum hoste,

id. 26, 12, 14; cf.:

castra castris,

id. 23, 28, 9; 8, 23, 9; Cic. Div. 2, 55, 114; Caes. B. C. 3, 79:

pedem cum pede,

to fight foot to foot, Liv. 28, 2, 6; cf.:

pede conlato,

id. 6, 12, 10; 10, 29, 6; 26, 39, 12 al.:

gradum cum aliquo,

id. 7, 33, 11:

pectora luctantia nexu pectoribus,

Ov. M. 6, 242:

stat conferre manum Aeneae,

Verg. A. 12, 678:

prima movet Cacus collatā proelia dextrā,

Ov. F. 1, 569:

collatis cursibus hastas conicere,

Val. Fl. 6, 270:

seque viro vir contulit,

Verg. A. 10, 735.— Poet.:

inter sese duri certamina belli,

Verg. A. 10, 147:

contra conferre manu certamina pugnae,

Lucr. 4, 843:

collato Marte,

Ov. M. 12, 379.— Absol.:

mecum confer, ait,

fight with me, Ov. M. 10, 603.—

Transf. from milit. affairs to lawsuits: pedem, to encounter, come in contact with one, to attack:

non possum magis pedem conferre, ut aiunt, aut propius accedere?

Cic. Planc. 19, 48:

pedem cum singulis,

Quint. 5, 13, 11; cf. id. 8, 6, 51; cf.:

qui illi concedi putem utilius esse quod postulat quam signa conferri,

Cic. Att. 7, 5, 5.— Poet.:

lites,

to contend, quarrel, Hor. S. 1, 5, 54.—

To bring together for comparison, to compare; constr. with cum, inter se, ad, the dat., or acc. only.

With cum:

quem cum eo (sc. Democrito) conferre possumus non modo ingenii magnitudine sed etiam animi?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 115:

ut non conferam vitam neque existimationem tuam cum illius,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 45; id. Sull. 26, 72:

cum maximis minima,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17; Quint. 5, 13, 12; 8, 4, 2 al.:

nostras leges cum illorum Lycurgo et Dracone et Solone,

Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 197; cf.:

illa cum Graeciā,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; v. also d. —

With inter se (rare):

vitam inter se utriusque conferte,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20.—

With ad:

bos ad bovem collatus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 28 Müll.—

With dat.:

tempora praesentia praeteritis,

Lucr. 2, 1166:

parva magnis,

Cic. Or. 4, 14:

alicui illud,

id. Inv. 2, 50, 151:

lanam tinctam Tyriae lacernae,

Quint. 12, 10, 75:

ingenia ingeniis,

Sen. Contr. 5, 33:

illam puellis,

Prop. 1, 5, 7; 1, 4, 9:

nil jucundo amico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 44:

(Pausanias et Lysander) ne minimā quidem ex parte Lycurgi legibus et disciplinae conferendi sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. supra, a.—

With acc. only:

tesseram hospitalem,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 88:

conferte Verrem: non ut hominem cum homine comparetis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121:

exemplum,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 85; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 14; Ov. M. 7, 696:

nec cum quaereretur gener Tarquinio, quisquam Romanae juventutis ullā arte conferri potuit,

Liv. 1, 39, 4; Suet. Caes. 47:

census,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 159.—Of documents:

haec omnia summā curā et diligentiā recognita et conlata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190.—

With the idea of shortening by bringing together (cf. colligo), to compress, abridge, condense, make or be brief:

quam potero in verba conferam paucissima,

Plaut. Men. prol. 6; cf.:

in pauca, ut occupatus nunc sum, confer, quid velis,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 44:

rem in pauca,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 68; and:

in pauca verba,

id. As. 1, 1, 75; id: Pers. 4, 4, 109:

totam Academiam... ex duobus libris contuli in quattuor,

Cic. Att. 13, 13, 1:

ut in pauca conferam,

id. Caecin. 6, 17:

sua verba in duos versus,

Ov. F. 1, 162:

ex immensā diffusāque legum copiā optima quaeque et necessaria in paucissimos libros,

Suet. Caes. 44.— [p. 412] *

To join in bringing forward, to propose unitedly (as a law; cf.

fero, II. B. 8. b.): cur enim non confertis, ne sit conubium divitibus et pauperibus,

Liv. 4, 4, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.

(Con intens.) To bear, carry, convey, direct a thing somewhere (in haste, for protection, etc.); and conferre se, to betake or turn one's self anywhere, to go (very freq. and class.).

Prop.

In gen.

With the designation of the goal: quo me miser conferam? Gracch. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 214:

qui cum se suaque omnia in oppidum Bratuspantium contulissent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

se suaque eo,

id. ib. 3, 28:

se suaque in naves,

Nep. Them. 2, 7 al.:

iter Brundisium versus,

Cic. Att. 3, 4 med.; cf.: iter eo, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 4:

suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17: legiones in mediam aciem, Auct. B. Alex. 39;

Auct. B. Afr. 60: quos eodem audita Cannensis clades contulerat,

Liv. 23, 17, 8:

parentes illuc,

Tac. A. 4, 46:

se Rhodum conferre,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: se Laodiceam, Lent. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 4:

se Colonas,

Nep. Paus. 3, 3:

quo se fusa acies,

Liv. 9, 16, 1 al.:

se ad Tissaphernem,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; so,

se ad Pharnabazum,

id. Con. 2, 1:

se in fugam,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22: sese in pedes, Enn. ap. Non. p. 518, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 7 (cf.:

conicere se in pedes,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 13).—Of things:

pituita eo se umorve confert,

Cels. 2, 12.—

Absol.:

pulcre haec confertur ratis,

is borne away, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 27.—

Esp., in Ov. M. (cf. abeo, II.): aliquem in aliquid, to change into, transform to something:

aliquem in saxum,

Ov. M. 4, 278: versos vultus ( poet. circumlocution for se) in hanc, id. ib. 9, 348:

corpus in albam volucrem,

id. ib. 12, 145.—

Trop.

In gen., to bring, turn, direct something to; and conferre se, to turn, apply, devote one's self to, etc.:

quo mortuo me ad pontificem Scaevolam contuli,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

(Crassus) cum initio aetatis ad amicitiam se meam contulisset,

id. Brut. 81, 281; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2:

qui se ad senatūs auctoritatem, ad libertatem vestram contulerunt,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; id. Ac. 1, 9, 34:

se ad studium scribendi,

id. Arch. 3, 4:

se ad studia litterarum,

id. ib. 7, 16; cf. Suet. Gram. 24:

meus pater eam seditionem in tranquillum conferet (the figure taken from the sea when in commotion),

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 16: verba ad rem, to bring words to actions, i. e. to pass from words to deeds, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 4; id. Hec. 3, 1, 17:

suspitionem in Capitonem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 100:

ut spes votaque sua non prius ad deos quam ad principum aures conferret,

Tac. A. 4, 39:

lamentationes suas etiam in testamentum,

id. ib. 15, 68.—More freq., in partic.,

With the access. idea of application or communication, to devote or apply something to a certain purpose, to employ, direct, confer, bestow upon, give, lend, grant, to transfer to (a favorite word with Cic.).

With dat.:

dona quid cessant mihi Conferre?

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 20:

tibi munera,

Prop. 2, 3, 25; Nep. Ages. 7, 3:

victoribus praemia,

Suet. Calig. 20:

puellae quinquaginta milia nummūm,

Plin. Ep. 6, 32, 2:

fructum alio,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 60; Dig. 37, 6, 1, § 24.—

With ad and acc.:

hostiles exuvias ornatum ad urbis et posterum gloriam,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

Mithridates omne reliquum tempus non ad oblivionem veteris belli, sed ad comparationem novi contulit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9:

omne studium atque omne ingenium ad populi Romani gloriam laudemque celebrandam,

id. Arch. 9, 19; id. Fam. 10, 1, 3:

omnem meam curam atque operam ad philosophiam,

id. ib. 4, 3, 4:

omnem tuum amorem omnemque tuam prudentiam... confer ad eam curam,

id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

animum ad fodiendos puteos, Auct. B. Alex. 9: ad naturae suae non vitiosae genus consilium vivendi omne,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

orationem omnem ad misericordiam,

id. Lig. 1, 1.—

With in:

omnes curas cogitationesque in rem publicam,

Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2:

diligentiam in valetudinem tuam,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

praedas ac manubias suas non in monumenta deorum immortalium, neque in urbis ornamenta conferre, sed, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 23, 60:

in eos, quos speramus nobis profuturos, non dubitamus officia conferre,

id. Off. 1, 15, 48; so,

plurimum benignitatis in eum,

id. ib. 1, 16, 50; id. Lael. 19, 70: curam restituendi Capitolii in L. Vestinum confert, i. e. assigns to, charges with, Tac. H. 4, 53:

in unius salutem collata omnium vota,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5.—

With erga:

commemoratio benevolentiae ejus, quam erga me a pueritiā contulisses,

Cic. Fam. 10, 5, 1.—

With aliquid ad or in aliquem or aliquid, to refer or ascribe something to a person or thing as its possessor, author (in a good, and freq. in a bad sense), to attribute, impute, assign, ascribe to one, to lay to the charge of:

species istas hominum in deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77:

res ad imperium deorum,

Lucr. 6, 54:

permulta in Plancium, quae ab eo numquam dicta sunt, conferuntur... Stomachor vero, cum aliorum non me digna in me conferuntur,

Cic. Planc. 14, 35; id. Fam. 5, 5, 2:

mortis illius invidiam in L. Flaccum,

id. Fl. 17, 41:

suum timorem in rei frumentariae simulationem angustiasque itinerum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

sua vitia et suam culpam in senectutem,

Cic. Sen. 5, 14:

hanc ego de re publicā disputationem in Africani personam et Phili contuli,

id. Att. 4, 16, 2.—So esp.:

culpam in aliquem,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 156; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97; Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 1:

causam in aliquem,

id. ib. 12, 31, 1; Liv. 5, 11, 6; cf.:

causam in tempus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 228.—

To transfer to a fixed point of time, fix, assign, refer, appoint, put off, defer, postpone (cf. differo):

Carthaginis expugnationem in hunc annum,

Liv. 27, 7, 5: in posterum diem iter suum contulit, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3:

omnia in mensem Martium,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 24:

aliquid in ambulationis tempus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

eam pecuniam in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

quod in longiorem diem conlaturus fuisset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.:

alicujus consulatum in annum aliquem,

Plin. Pan. 61.—Rarely of place:

idoneum locum in agris nactus... ibi adventum expectare Pompei eoque omnem belli rationem conferre constituit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 81 fin. —

To bring on, cause, occasion, induce:

pestem alicui,

Col. 1, 5, 4:

candorem mollitiamque,

Plin. 35, 15, 50, § 175.

crēdo, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3 ( pres. subj. creduam, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 2:

creduas,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 72; id. Trin. 3, 1, 5:

creduat,

id. Bacch. 3, 4, 5; 4, 7, 6:

creduis,

id. Am. 2, 2, 49; id. Capt. 3, 4, 73:

creduit,

id. Truc. 2, 2, 52; inf. credier, id. Poen. 2, 43;

crevi for credidi,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 1), v. a. [Sanscr. crat, crad, trust, and dha-; v. 2. do].

Orig. belonging to the lang. of business, to give as a loan, to loan, lend, make or loan to any one: (vilicus) injussu domini credat nemini;

quod dominus crediderit, exigat,

Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

quibus credas male,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 20; cf.

populis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4:

alicui grandem pecuniam,

id. ib. 2, 4; so,

pecunias ei,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 6; and:

pecuniae creditae,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

centum talenta,

Quint. 5, 10, 111:

solutio rerum creditarum,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84 et saep.—Hence,

crēdĭtum, i, n., a loan, Sall. C. 25, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 27, 3; 8, 28, 3; Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1; Quint. 5, 10, 105; 5, 10, 117; Dig. 12, 1, 19 sq. et saep.—

Transf. beyond the circle of business (very freq. in every period and species of composition).

With the prevailing idea of intended protection, to commit or consign something to one for preservation, protection, etc., to intrust to one, = committo, commendo (cf. concredo):

ubi is obiit mortem, qui mihi id aurum credidit,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 15 (credere est servandum commendare, Non. p. 275, 9); so,

nummum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112 (for which id. ib. 4, 2, 115, concredere):

alicujus fidei potestatique (with committere),

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 4, § 14: vitam ac fortunas meas, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 275, 8; cf. Ter. And. 1, 5, 37:

militi arma,

Liv. 2, 45, 10:

se suaque omnia alienissimis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

se ponto,

Ov. M. 14, 222:

se perfidis hostibus,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 33:

se ventis,

Quint. 12, prooem. §

2: pennis se caelo,

Verg. A. 6, 15; cf. Ov. M. 2, 378:

se pugnae,

Verg. A. 5, 383 et saep.:

crede audacter quid lubet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 118:

facinus magnum timido pectori,

id. Ps. 2, 1, 3:

illi consilia omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 18:

arcanos sensus tibi,

Verg. A. 4, 422; cf.:

arcana libris,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 31:

aliquid cerae,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 67.— Poet., with in and acc.:

inque novos soles audent se germina tuto Credere,

Verg. G. 2, 333.—

With the prevailing idea of bestowing confidence, to trust to or confide in a person or thing, to have confidence in, to trust.

With dat.:

virtuti suorum satis credere,

Sall. J. 106, 3; cf. id. ib. 72, 2:

praesenti fortunae,

Liv. 45, 8, 6:

consules magis non confidere quam non credere suis militibus,

rather mistrusted their intentions than their valor, id. 2, 45, 4:

nec jam amplius hastae,

Verg. A. 11, 808:

ne nimium colori,

id. E. 2, 17:

bibulis talaribus,

Ov. M. 4, 731.—Freq. in eccl. Lat.:

Moysi et mihi,

Vulg. Johan. 5, 46:

verbis meis,

id. Luc. 1, 20.—

Esp., with in and acc. of pers., to believe in, trust in (eccl. Lat.):

hoc est ergo credere in Deum, credendo adhaerere ad bene coöperandum bona operanti Deo,

Aug. Enarr. in Psa. 77, 8:

qui fidem habet sine spe ac dilectione, Christum esse credit, non in Christum credit,

id. Serm. 144, 2:

qui credit in Filium habet vitam aeternam,

Vulg. Johan. 3, 36 et saep.—

To trust one in his declarations, assertions, etc., i. e. to give him credence, to believe:

injurato, scio, plus credet mihi, quam jurato tibi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 284 sq.:

vin' me istuc tibi, etsi incredibile'st, credere?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 11:

credit jam tibi de isto,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 53:

cui omnium rerum ipsus semper credit,

in every thing, id. As. 2, 4, 59; cf. id. Truc. 2, 2, 52:

diu deliberandum et concoquendum est, utrum potius Chaereae injurato in suā lite, an Manilio et Luscio juratis in alieno judicio credatis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45.—

Mihi crede, beliere me, confide in my words, upon my word, emoi pithou, an expression of confirmation, Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 4; Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 6; id. Mur. 19, 40; 38, 82; id. de Or. 2, 17, 72; id. Off. 3, 19, 75; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 1, 43, 103; id. Fin. 2, 21, 68 et saep.; Hor. S. 1, 7, 35; 2, 6, 93 al.; cf.: mihi credite, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; id. Agr. 3, 4, 16; Liv. 24, 22, 17; Ov. M. 15, 254 al.—In the same sense (but more rare in Cic.):

crede mihi,

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; 14, 15, 2; 11, 6, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4; Ov. A. A. 1, 66; id. M. 1, 361; id. Tr. 3, 4, 25:

crede igitur mihi,

Cic. Fam. 10, 6, 2:

credite mihi,

Curt. 6, 11, 25.—

Credor in poets several times equivalent to creditur mihi:

certe credemur, ait, si verba sequatur Exitus,

Ov. F. 3, 351; so id. Tr. 3, 10, 35:

creditus accepit cantatas protinus herbas, etc.,

id. M. 7, 98; so in part., id. H. 17, 129; cf.:

(Cassandra) non umquam credita Teucris,

Verg. A. 2, 247.—

Sibi, to believe one's self, trust one's own convictions, be fully convinced:

cum multa dicta sunt sapienter et graviter, tum vel in primis, crede nobis, crede tibi,

Plin. Pan. 74:

fieri malunt alieni erroris accessio, quam sibi credere,

Min. Fel. 24, 2: non satis sibi ipsi credebant, Auct. B. Alex. 6:—

With simple reference to the object mentioned or asserted, to believe a thing, hold or admit as true: velim te id quod verum est credere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 275, 6; cf.: credo et verum est, Afer ap. Quint. 6, 3, 94:

me miseram! quid jam credas? aut cur credas?

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 32:

quod fere libenter homines id quod volunt credunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18; cf. Quint. 6, 2, 5:

audivi ista... sed numquam sum addictus ut crederem,

Cic. Brut. 26, 100:

ne quid de se temere crederent,

Sall. C. 31, 7:

res Difficilis ad credundum,

Lucr. 2, 1027; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 28 et saep.— Pass.:

res tam scelesta... credi non potest,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62.— Pass. impers.:

in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse unum in locum atque inter se congruere videntur, tamen non temere creditur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62.—

In gen. = opinor, arbitror, to be of opinion, to think, believe, suppose.

With acc.:

timeo ne aliud credam atque aliud nunties,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 4:

quae deserta et inhospita tesqua credis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 20:

fortem crede bonumque,

id. ib. 1, 9, 13:

quos gravissimos sapientiae magistros aetas vetus credidit,

Quint. 12, 1, 36.— Pass.:

potest... falsum aliquid pro vero credi,

Sall. C. 51, 36:

origo animi caelestis creditur,

Quint. 1, 1, 1; 8, prooem. §

24: Evander venerabilior divinitate creditā Carmentae matris,

Liv. 1, 7, 8.—

With acc. and inf. (so most freq.):

jam ego vos novisse credo, ut sit pater meus,

Plaut. Am. prol. 104:

cum reliquum exercitum subsequi crederet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 31: caelo tonantem credidimus Jovem Regnare. Hor. C. 3, 5, 1 et saep.:

victos crederes,

one would have thought, one might have imagined, Liv. 2, 43, 9; so Curt. 4, 10, 23; cf. Zumpt, Lat. Gr. § 528.— Pass.:

navis praeter creditur ire,

Lucr. 4, 389:

quem (Athin) peperisse Limnate creditur,

Ov. M. 5, 49:

creditus est optime dixisse,

Quint. 3, 1, 11; cf. id. 10, 2, 125 al.— Impers.:

credetur abesse ab eo culpam,

Quint. 11, 1, 64:

neque sine causā creditum est, stilum non minus agere cum delet,

id. 10, 4, 1 al. — So in the abl. part. pass. credito, with acc. and inf., Tac. A. 3, 14; 6, 34.—

Absol.: credo inserted, like opinor, puto, etc., and the Gr. oimai, as a considerate, polite, or ironical expression of one's opinion, I believe, as I think, I suppose, I dare say, etc.:

credo, misericors est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 144;

so placed first,

id. Cas. 2, 6, 3; Ter. And. 2, 1, 13; Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Sull. 4, 11; Caes. B. C. 3, 70; Sall. C. 52, 13; Liv. 4, 17, 7; Hor. S. 2, 2, 90:

Mulciber, credo, arma fecit,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 32; so id. Truc. 2, 5, 27; Caes. B. C. 2, 31; Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 22, 52; Verg. A. 6, 368 et saep.:

aut jam hic aderit, credo hercle, aut jam adest,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 74.

făcĭlis, e, adj. (archaic forms nom. sing. facil, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53; adv. facul, like difficul, simul; v. under adv. 2, and cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87 Müll.), [facio, properly, that may be done or made; hence, pregn.], easy to do, easy, without difficulty.

In gen.

Prop., constr. absol., with ad (and the gerund), the supine, inf., ut, and the dat.

Absol.:

nulla est tam facilis res, quin difficilis siet, quam invitus facias,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 1; cf.:

facilis et plana via (opp. difficilis),

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 20:

quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27 fin.; cf.

also: mihi in causa facili atque explicata perdifficilis et lubrica defensionis ratio proponitur,

Cic. Planc. 2, 5:

justa res et facilis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 33:

facilis et prompta defensio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; cf.:

facilis et expedita distinctio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

facilia, proclivia, jucunda,

id. Part. Or. 27, 95; cf.:

proclivi cursu et facili delabi,

id. Rep. 1, 28:

ascensus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

aditus,

id. ib. 3, 25 fin.;

descensus Averno,

Verg. A. 6, 126; Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.:

celerem et facilem exitum habere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:

lutum,

easy to work, Tib. 1, 1, 40:

fagus,

Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 229:

humus,

easy to cultivate, mellow, Curt. 4, 6, 5:

arcus,

Val. Fl. 1, 109:

jugum,

easy to climb, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 4:

somnus,

easy to obtain, Hor. C. 2, 11, 8; 3, 21, 4:

irae,

easily excited, Luc. 1, 173:

saevitia,

easily overcome, Hor. C. 2, 12, 26 et saep.:

aurae,

gentle, Ov. H. 16, 123:

jactura,

easily borne, Verg. A. 2, 646:

cera,

easily shaped, Ov. M. 15, 169:

victus,

copious, Verg. G. 2, 460.— Comp.:

iter multo facilius atque expeditius,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:

cui censemus cursum ad deos faciliorem fuisse quam Scipioni?

Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

faciliore et commodiore judicio,

id. Caecin. 3, 8.— Sup.:

quod est facillimum, facis,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 4; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

concordia,

id. ib. 1, 32:

hujus summae virtutis facillima est via,

Quint. 8, 3, 71:

in quibus (ceris) facillima est ratio delendi,

id. 10, 3, 31 et saep.—

With ad and the gerund:

nulla materies tam facilis ad exardescendum est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

ad subigendum,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

ad credendum,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

palmae ad scandendum,

Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 29.— Comp.:

faciliora ad intelligendum,

Quint. 2, 3, 8.— Sup.:

haec ad judicandum sunt facillima,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 30; id. Fin. 2, 20.—

With ad and subst.:

faciles ad receptum angustiae,

Liv. 32, 12, 3:

mens ad pejora,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

credulitas feminarum ad gaudia,

Tac. A. 14, 4.— Comp.:

mediocritas praeceptoris ad intellectum atque imitationem facilior,

Quint. 2, 3, 1.—

With supine:

facile inventust,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53:

res factu facilis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 26:

cuivis facile scitu est,

id. Hec. 3, 1, 15:

facilis victu gens,

abounding in resources, Verg. A. 1, 445 Wagn.:

(Cyclops) nec visu facilis nec dictu affabilis ulli,

id. ib. 3, 621; cf.:

sapiens facilis victu fuit,

Sen. Ep. 90, 11.— Comp.:

nihil est dictu facilius,

Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 70.— Sup.:

factu facillimum,

Sall. C. 14, 1.—

With inf.:

materia facilis est, in te et in tuos dicta dicere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 17, 42:

facilis vincere ac vinci vultu eodem,

Liv. 7, 33, 2:

facilis corrumpi,

Tac. H. 4, 39:

Roma capi facilis,

Luc. 2, 656.—So esp. freq. in the neuter, facile est, with a subject-clause:

id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

quod illis prohibere erat facile,

Caes. B. C. 1, 50, 2:

neque erat facile nostris, uno tempore propugnare et munire,

id. ib. 3, 45, 4; Quint. 6, 4, 20:

nec origines persequi facile est,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 46:

quīs facile est aedem conducere,

Juv. 3, 31; 4, 103.— Comp.:

plerumque facilius est plus facere quam idem,

Quint. 10, 2, 10; 12, 6, 7.— Sup.:

stulta reprehendere facillimum est,

Quint. 6, 3, 71; 11, 1, 81.—

With ut:

facilius est, ut esse aliquis successor tuus possit, quam ut velit,

Plin. Pan. 44, 3; 87, 5; cf. with quod: facile est quod habeant conservam in villa, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6.—

With dat.:

terra facilis pecori,

i.e. suitable, proper, Verg. G. 2, 223; cf.:

campus operi,

Liv. 33, 17, 8:

facilis divisui (Macedonia),

id. 45, 30, 2:

neque Thraces commercio faciles erant,

Liv. 40, 58, 1:

homines bello faciles,

Tac. Agr. 21:

juvenis inanibus,

easily susceptible, open to, id. A. 2, 27; cf.:

facilis capessendis inimicitiis,

id. ib. 5, 11. —

With gen. ( poet.):

Hispania frugum facilis,

fertile in, Claud. Laud. Seren. 54.—

Adverbially, in facili, ex (e) facili, and rarely, de facili, easily:

cum exitus haud in facili essent,

not easy, Liv. 3, 8, 9 Drak.:

in facili,

Sen. Clem. 1, 7: Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 274; Dig. 26, 3, 8:

ita adducendum, ut ex facili subsequatur,

easily, Cels. 7, 9 med.:

ex facili tolerantibus,

Tac. Agr. 15 init.: ex facili, Cel. 6, 1, 1; Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 60;

for which: e facili,

Ov. A. A. 1, 356: de facili ab iis superabuntur, Firm. Math. 5, 6.—

Transf.

Of persons that do any thing with facility, ready, quick. — Constr. with ad, in, and simple abl.:

facilis et expeditus ad dicendum,

Cic. Brut. 48, 180:

sermone Graeco promptus et facilis,

Suet. Tib. 71; cf.:

promptus et facillis ad extemporalitatem usque,

id. Tit. 3:

faciles in excogitando et ad discendum prompti,

Quint. 1, 1, 1:

exiguo faciles,

content, Sil. 1, 615.—

Of things, easily moving:

oculi,

Verg. A. 8, 310:

manus,

Ov. F. 3, 536:

cervix,

Mart. Spect. 23:

canes, i. e. agiles,

Nemes. Cyneg. 50.

In partic.

Of character, easy, good-natured, compliant, willing, yielding, courteous, affable:

facilis benevolusque,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:

comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

facilis et liberalis pater,

id. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

lenis et facilis,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

facilis et clemens,

Suet. Aug. 67:

facilem populum habere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 4:

facilem stillare in aurem,

Juv. 3, 122:

di,

id. 10, 8. —With in and abl.:

facilem se in rebus cognoscendis praebere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32; cf.:

facilis in causis recipiendis,

id. Brut. 57, 207:

faciles in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. ib. 21, 85:

faciles ad concedendum,

id. Div. 2, 52, 107.—With in and acc.:

sic habeas faciles in tua vota deos,

Ov. H. 16, 282.—With inf.:

faciles aurem praebere,

Prop. 2, 21, 15 (3, 14, 5 M.):

O faciles dare summa deos,

Luc. 1, 505.—With gen.:

facilis impetrandae veniae,

Liv. 26, 15, 1:

alloquii facilis (al. alloquiis),

Val. Fl. 5, 407.— Absol.:

comi facilique naturā,

Suet. Gramm. 7:

facili ac prodigo animo,

id. Vit. 7.— Comp.:

facilior aut indulgentior,

Suet. Vesp. 21; Quint. 7, 1, 27; Flor. 4, 11, 2.— Sup.:

quid dicam de moribus facillimis,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11.—

Of fortune, favorable, prosperous:

res et fortunae tuae... quotidie faciliores mihi et meliores videntur,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1; Liv. 23, 11, 2.— Adv. in four forms: facile, facul, faculter, and faciliter.

făcĭlĕ (the class. form).

easily, without trouble or difficulty:

facile cum valemus recta consilia aegrotis damus,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

quis haec non vel facile vel certe aliquo modo posset ediscere?

Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 232:

vitia in contraria convertuntur,

id. Rep. 1, 45.— Comp.:

cave putes, aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

quo facilius otio perfruantur,

id. ib. 1, 5: id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod, etc., Caes, B. G. 1, 2, 3.— Sup.:

ut optimi cujusque animus in morte facillime evolet tamquam e custodia,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

facillime fingi,

id. Cael. 9, 22:

facillime decidit,

id. Rep. 2, 23:

mederi inopiae frumentariae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24, 6 et saep.—

To add intensity to an expression which already signifies a high degree, certainly, unquestionably, without contradiction, beyond dispute, by far, far (often in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): virum unum totius Graeciae facile doctissimum,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

facile deterrimus,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

genere et nobilitate et pecunia facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; cf.:

virtute, existimatione, nobilitate facile princeps,

id. Clu. 5, 11:

facile princeps,

id. Div. 2, 42, 87; id. Fam. 6, 10, 2; id. Univ. 1; Flor. 3, 14, 1:

facile praecipuus,

Quint. 10, 1, 68:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5: Pe. Sed tu novistin' fidicinam? Fi. Tam facile quam me, as well as I do myself, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 68.—With verbs that denote superiority (vincere, superare, etc.):

post illum (Herodotum) Thucydides omnes dicendi artificio, mea sententia, facile vicit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56; cf. id. Off. 2, 19, 59; id. Rep. 1, 23; cf.

also: stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

id. ib. 6, 16 fin.; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

Sisenna omnes adhuc nostros scriptores facile superavit,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 7; cf. id. de Or. 3, 11, 43:

facile palmam habes!

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 80.— In naming a large amount, quite, fully:

huic hereditas facile ad HS. tricies venit testamento propinqui sui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 14, § 35.—

With a negative, non facile or haud facile, to add intensity, not easily, i.e. hardly:

mira accuratio, ut non facile in ullo diligentiorem majoremque cognoverim,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

de iis haud facile compertum narraverim,

Sall. J. 17, 2:

animus imbutus malis artibus haud facile libidinibus carebat,

id. C. 13, 5. —

Readily, willingly, without hesitation:

facile omnes perferre ac pati,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; cf.:

te de aeternitate dicentem aberrare a proposito facile patiebar,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

disertus homo et facile laborans,

id. Off. 2, 19, 66:

ego unguibus facile illi in oculos involem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 6.— Comp.:

locum habeo nullum, ubi facilius esse possim quam Asturae,

Cic. Att. 13, 26, 2.—

(Acc. to facilis, II. B.) Pleasantly, agreeably, well:

propter eas (nugas) vivo facilius,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 6:

cum animo cogites, Quam vos facillime agitis, quam estis maxume Potentes, dites, fortunati, nobiles,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 56:

facillime agitare,

Suet. Vit. Ter. 1:

ubi Crassus animadvertit, suas copias propter exiguitatem non facile diduci,

not safely, Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7.—

făcul (anteclass.), easily: nobilitate facul propellere iniquos, Lucil. ap. Non. 111, 19; Pac. ib. 21:

haud facul, ut ait Pacuvius, femina una invenietur bona,

Afran. ib. 22:

advorsam ferre fortunam facul,

Att. ib. 24.—

‡ făculter, acc. to the statement of Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 1 Müll.; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 325. —

făcĭlĭter (post-Aug.; predominating in Vitruvius; censured by Quint. 1, 6, 17), easily:

ferrum percalefactum faciliter fabricatur,

Vitr. 1, 4, 3 et saep.; Mart. Cap. 3, § 325.

faenus (less correctly fēn-, not foen-; cf. in the foll.), ŏris, n. [fe-, feo; cf.: faenum, femina, etc.; therefore, lit., what is produced; hence].

Prop., the proceeds of capital lent out, interest (cf.: usura, versura): faenerator, sicuti M. Varro in libro tertio de Sermone Latino scripsit, a faenore est nominatus. Faenus autem dictum a fetu, et quasi a fetura quadam pecuniae parientis atque increscentis, Varr. ap. Gell. 16, 12, 7 sq., and ap. Non. 54, 5 sq.; cf.: faenus et faeneratores et lex de credita pecunia fenebris a fetu dicta, quod crediti nummi alios pariant, ut apud Graecos eadem res tokos dicitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 86 Müll.: cf.: faenum (so it should read, instead of faenus) appellatur naturalis terrae fetus;

ob quam causam et nummorum fetus faenus est vocatum et de ea re leges fenebres,

id. p. 94:

idem pecunias his faenori dabat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 170:

pecuniam faenore accipere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: Scaptius centesimis, renovato in singulos annos faenore, contentus non fuit,

id. Att. 6, 3, 5:

faenus ex triente Idib. Quint. factum erat bessibus,

id. ib. 4, 15, 7:

iniquissimo faenore versuram facere,

id. ib. 16, 15, 5:

Graeci solvent tolerabili faenore,

id. ib. 6, 1, 16:

pecuniam occupare grandi faenore,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

dives positis in faenore nummis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 13; id. A. P. 421:

faenore omni solutus,

id. Epod. 2, 4.—

Transf.

Capital lent on interest (very rare):

argenti faenus creditum,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 101:

faenus et impendium recusare,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4.—

Meton., that lent to the soil, i. e. the seed:

quam bona fide terra creditum faenus reddit!

Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 155.—

Gain, profit, advantage: terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium, nec unquam sine usura reddit quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum faenore, Cic. de Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

semina, quae magno faenore reddat ager,

Tib. 2, 6, 22; and:

cum quinquagesimo faenore messes reddit eximia fertilitas soli,

Plin. 18, 17, 47, § 162:

saepe venit magno faenore tardus amor,

Prop. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

at mihi, quod vivo detraxerit invida turba, Post obitum duplici faenore reddet Honos,

id. 3 (4), 1, 22.

faenus (less correctly fēn-, not foen-; cf. in the foll.), ŏris, n. [fe-, feo; cf.: faenum, femina, etc.; therefore, lit., what is produced; hence].

Prop., the proceeds of capital lent out, interest (cf.: usura, versura): faenerator, sicuti M. Varro in libro tertio de Sermone Latino scripsit, a faenore est nominatus. Faenus autem dictum a fetu, et quasi a fetura quadam pecuniae parientis atque increscentis, Varr. ap. Gell. 16, 12, 7 sq., and ap. Non. 54, 5 sq.; cf.: faenus et faeneratores et lex de credita pecunia fenebris a fetu dicta, quod crediti nummi alios pariant, ut apud Graecos eadem res tokos dicitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 86 Müll.: cf.: faenum (so it should read, instead of faenus) appellatur naturalis terrae fetus;

ob quam causam et nummorum fetus faenus est vocatum et de ea re leges fenebres,

id. p. 94:

idem pecunias his faenori dabat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 170:

pecuniam faenore accipere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: Scaptius centesimis, renovato in singulos annos faenore, contentus non fuit,

id. Att. 6, 3, 5:

faenus ex triente Idib. Quint. factum erat bessibus,

id. ib. 4, 15, 7:

iniquissimo faenore versuram facere,

id. ib. 16, 15, 5:

Graeci solvent tolerabili faenore,

id. ib. 6, 1, 16:

pecuniam occupare grandi faenore,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

dives positis in faenore nummis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 13; id. A. P. 421:

faenore omni solutus,

id. Epod. 2, 4.—

Transf.

Capital lent on interest (very rare):

argenti faenus creditum,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 101:

faenus et impendium recusare,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4.—

Meton., that lent to the soil, i. e. the seed:

quam bona fide terra creditum faenus reddit!

Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 155.—

Gain, profit, advantage: terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium, nec unquam sine usura reddit quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum faenore, Cic. de Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

semina, quae magno faenore reddat ager,

Tib. 2, 6, 22; and:

cum quinquagesimo faenore messes reddit eximia fertilitas soli,

Plin. 18, 17, 47, § 162:

saepe venit magno faenore tardus amor,

Prop. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

at mihi, quod vivo detraxerit invida turba, Post obitum duplici faenore reddet Honos,

id. 3 (4), 1, 22.

immo, incorrectly written īmo [perh. sup. form from in, with ending mo; cf.: summus, primus; hence], on the contrary, no indeed, by no means, or yes indeed, by all means (more commonly contradicting or essentially qualifying what precedes; but never, like minime, as an independent negative, being regularly accompanied by a clause defining the meaning; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 551).

Lit.

In gen.: Tr. Etiam fatetur de hospite? Th. Immo pernegat, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 19: An. Ubi? domin'? Ch. Immo apud libertum Discum, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 60: Do. Hae quid ad me? To. Immo ad te attinent, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 27: De. Faciat, ut voles. Nau. Immo ejus judicio permitto omnia, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 54; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 28.—Esp., in a reply extending or amplifying the preceding thought (cf.: potius, quin potius): expedies? nempe ut modo? D. Immo melius spero, Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 22; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80: Si. Quid? hoc intellextin'? an nondum etiam ne hoc quidem? Da. Immo callide, Ter. And. 1, 2, 30:

non igitur faciat, dixerit quis, quod utile sit, quod expediat? Immo intelligat nihil nec expedire nec utile esse, quod sit injustum,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 76:

causa igitur non bona est? Immo optima,

id. Att. 9, 7, 4; cf.:

quem hominem? levem? immo gravissimum. Mobilem? immo constantissimum. Familiarem? immo alienissimum,

id. Rosc. Com. 16, 49; id. Att. 10, 12, 4: cum ille dixisset, se vero non exspectare;

Immo, inquit, rogo exspectes,

Quint. 9, 3, 68:

quid tu? Nullane habes vitia? Immo alia. Et fortasse minora?

Hor. S. 1, 3, 20; Plin. Pan. 36, 3.—So in retorting a question: Me. [p. 894] Quid apud hasce aedes negotii est tibi? So. Immo quid tibi'st? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 29: Ph. An amabo meretrix illa est, quae illam sustulit? La. Immo meretrix fuit;

sed ut sit, de ea re eloquar,

id. Cist. 2, 3, 22; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 41: Si. Paucis te volo. So. Dictum puta: Nempe ut curentur recte haec. Si. Immo aliud, Ter. And. 1, 1, 2.—

Strengthened by edepol, hercle, ecastor, vero, potius, etc.: Ol. Ecquid amas nunc me? St. Immo edepol me quam te minus, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 19; id. Capt. 2, 1, 16: St. Quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit. Ol. Ita vero et mihi. Ch. Non. Ol. Immo hercle. Ch. Immo mihi hercle, id. Cas. 2, 6, 51; Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5: Pa. Mala es. Ph. Immo ecastor, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 33: Pa. Nescis, Parmeno, Quantum hodie profueris mihi, etc.... Par. Immo vero scio, neque hoc imprudens feci, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 37:

quid? si tyrannidem occupare, si patriam prodere conabitur pater: silebitne filius? Immo vero obsecrabit patrem, ne id faciat,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90; id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1: Tr. Sub dio coli absque sole perpetuum diem. Si. Immo edepol vero, cum, etc., Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79: Tr. Ecquid placent? Th. Ecquid placeant me rogas? immo hercle vero perplacent, id. ib. 4, 1, 4:

senatus haec intelligit, consul videt: hic tamen vivit. Vivit? immo vero etiam in senatum venit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2; id. Att. 12, 43, 1: De. Juben' hanc hinc abscedere? Ph. Immo intus potius, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 89:

immo hercle abiero potius,

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 33:

sed vos nihilne attulistis inde auri domum? Immo etiam,

id. ib. 2, 3, 82:

immo etiam,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 23; Ter. And. 4, 1, 46:

immo vero etiam, v. above: immo est quoque,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 51:

an infirmissimi omnium tamquam, quos nuper subjecit, Dolopes? Immo contra ea, etc.,

Liv. 41, 24, 8:

immo contra,

Dig. 33, 7, 5; 38, 2, 51; 41, 3, 49.—

In partic.

As an expression of dislike or surprise (ante-class.): Ch. Verum vis dicam? Da. Immo etiam Narrationis incipit mihi initium, no indeed! now he is going to begin a long story, Ter. And. 4, 2, 25:

idne est verum? immo id est genus hominum pessimum,

id. ib. 4, 1, 5: Pe. Euge, euge, lepide: laudo commentum tuum. Pa. Ut, si illanc concriminatus sit advorsum Militem, etc.... Pe. Immo optume, no! capital! Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 86.—

Immo si scias or immo si audias, if you only knew, had only heard, intimating that such is not the case (ante-class.):

immo si scias,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 42: St. Scelestissimum Me esse credo. Pa. Immo si scias dicta, quae dixit hodie, id. Cas. 3, 5, 35; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64: Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo. De. Immo si scias, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 27;

so ellipt.,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 38:

immo si audias Meas pugnas, fugias demissis manibus domum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 15.—

Transf. (perh. not before the Aug. period), for vel potius, in the middle of a sentence, to correct or add emphasis to what has been said, nay rather; nay, I should rather say:

immo ita sit,

nay, Ov. M. 7, 512:

simulacra deum, deos immo ipsos convulsos ex sedibus suis ablatos esse,

Liv. 48, 43, 6:

ipse aliquid, immo multa quotidie dicat,

Quint. 2, 2, 8; 6, 2, 10; Plin. Pan. 85, 5:

qui pauculis diebus gestum consulatum, immo non gestum abiciebant per edictum,

id. ib. 65, 3:

nihil causae est, cur non illam vocis modulationem fidibus ac tibiis, immo hercle, cymbalis adjuvemus,

Quint. 11, 2, 59; Curt. 4, 1:

immo vero,

Plin. 34, 1, 1, § 1.—In forming a climax:

quanta verborum nobis paupertas, immo egestas sit,

Sen. Ep. 58:

Agrippinam nihilo tractabiliorem, immo in dies amentiorem,

Suet. Aug. 65; Plin. Pan. 23, 2.

35, 49, 13:

non immo,

Quint. 11, 1, 50; cf.:

non habet immo suum,

Mart. 6, 94, 4:

vivit immo vigetque,

Liv. 39, 40, 7:

statueretur immo,

Tac. A. 12, 6:

frueretur immo his,

id. ib. 11, 30:

quaedam immo virtutes,

id. ib. 15, 21:

illos quin immo,

id. Or. 6; cf.:

ipsam quin immo curam,

id. ib. 39:

quin immo,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 31; 12, 11, 27; 7, 10, 8.

lex, lēgis, f. [perh. Sanscr. root lag-, lig-, to fasten; Lat. ligo, to bind, oblige; cf. religio], a proposition or motion for a law made to the people by a magistrate, a bill (cf. institutum).

Lit.:

legem ferre: antiquare,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73:

rogare,

id. Phil. 2, 29, 72:

leges ac jura ferre,

Juv. 2, 72:

legem promulgavit pertulitque, ut, etc.,

Liv. 33, 46:

Antonius fixit legem a dictatore comitiis latam, qua, etc.,

Cic. Att. 14, 12:

legem sciscere de aliqua re,

id. Planc. 14, 35:

populus R. jussit legem de civitate tribuenda,

id. Balb. 17, 38:

repudiare,

id. Lael. 25, 96.—

Transf.

A bill which has become a law in consequence of its adoption by the people in the comitia, a law (cf.: jus, fas; decretum, edictum, scitum): legem constituere alicui, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:

legem gravem alicui imponere,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

legem neglegere, evertere, perfringere,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

neglegere, perrumpere,

id. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

leges ac jura labefactare,

id. Caecin. 25, 70:

legem condere,

Liv. 3, 34: leges duodecim tabularum, the laws composed by the decemvirs, the foundation of Roman legislation, Liv. 3, 33 sq.:

nunc barbaricā lege certumst jus meum omne persequi,

i. e. by the Roman law, that of the Twelve Tables, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 32.—

Esp. in phrases.

Lege and legibus, according to law, by law, legally:

ejus morte ea ad me lege redierunt bona,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 4:

Athenas deductus est, ut ibi de eo legibus fieret judicium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 4.—

Legis actio, a statutory process:

actiones quas in usu veteres habuerunt legis actiones appellabantur, vel ideo quod legibus proditae sunt,... vel ideo quia ipsarum legum verbis accommodatae erant, et ideo inmutabiles proinde atque leges observabantur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 11; cf. § 12 sqq.—

Hence, in partic.: lege agere, to proceed strictly according to law.

Of the lictor, to execute a sentence:

Fulvius praeconi imperavit, ut lictorem lege agere juberet,

Liv. 26, 15, 9. —

To bring a legal or statutory action: una injuria est tecum. Chr. Lege agito ergo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 90: lege agito dicebatur ei cujus intentio contemptibilis adversario videbatur, Don. ad Ter. l. l.: lege agito mecum;

molestus ne sis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 11:

lege egit in hereditatem paternam exheres filius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175; 1, 36, 167; id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 115.—

Fraudem legi facere, to evade the law:

ut ne legi fraudem faciant aleariae, adcuratote ut, etc.,

the law against dicing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9:

quod emancupando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

Liv. 7, 16, 9; cf. Val. Max. 8, 6, 3; cf.

also: facio fraudem senatus consulto,

Cic. Att. 4, 12, 1.—

In gen., a law, precept, regulation, principle, rule, mode, manner:

qui disciplinam suam legem vitae putet,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

communis condicio lexque vitae,

id. ib. 4, 29, 62; id. Balb. 7, 18:

haec lex in amicitia sauciatur,

id. Lael. 12, 40:

quaero cur vir bonus has sibi tam gravis leges imposuerit,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

lex veri rectique,

id. ib. 2, 9, 27:

aliquam legem vitae accipere,

Sen. Ep. 108, 6:

ad legem naturae revertamur,

id. ib. 25, 4:

leges in historia observandae,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 5:

quis nescit primam esse historiae legem, ne quid falsi dicere audeat?

id. de Or. 2, 15, 62; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

vetus est lex amicitiae, ut idem amici semper velint,

id. Planc. 2, 5:

hanc ad legem formanda est oratio,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

versibus est certa quaedam et definita lex,

id. Or. 58:

legibus suis (i. e. philosophiae) parere,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 19:

leges Epicuri,

id. ib. 5, 37, 108; 4, 4, 7; Sen. Ep. 94, 15; Suet. Ner. 24:

vetus lex sermonis,

Quint. 1, 5, 29:

contra leges loquendi,

id. 1, 8, 13:

lex et ratio loquendi,

Juv. 6, 453:

secundum grammaticam legem,

Gell. 13, 21, 22:

legem esse aiunt disciplinae dialecticae, etc.,

id. 16, 2, 1:

citharae leges,

Tac. A. 16, 4:

beneficii,

Sen. Ben. 2, 10, 4:

sic ingens rerum numerus jubet atque operum lex,

Juv. 7, 102:

scimus hujus opusculi illam esse legem, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 5:

qui titulus sola metri lege constringitur,

id. ib. 4, 14, 8.—Of things:

quā sidera lege mearent,

by what law, what rule, Ov. M. 15, 71.—Hence, sine lege, without order, in confusion, confusedly:

exspatiantur equi... quaque impetus egit, Hac sine lege ruunt,

Ov. M. 2, 204:

jacent collo sparsi sine lege capilli,

id. H. 15, 73:

haec in lege loci commoda Circus habet,

quality, nature, id. Am. 3, 2, 20; cf.:

sub lege loci sumit mutatque figuras,

id. Hal. 32.—

A contract, agreement, covenant:

oleam faciundam hac lege oportet locare, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 145:

in mancipii lege,

a contract of sale, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178; cf.:

Manilianas venalium vendendorum leges ediscere,

id. ib. 1, 58, 246: collegii Aesculapii, Inscr. ap. Fabrett. p. 724, n. 443.—

A condition, stipulation (cf. condicio).

In gen. (mostly ante-class.):

ego dabo ei talentum, primus qui in crucem excucurrerit, Set ca lege, ut offigantur bis pedes,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 13:

quia nequit, qua lege licuit velle dixit fieri,

id. Stich. 3, 1, 58: estne empta mi haec? Pe. His legibus [p. 1056] habeas licet, id. Ep. 3, 4, 39:

hac lege tibi adstringo meam fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22:

legibus dictis,

Liv. 9, 5, 3:

dicta tibi est lex,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 18:

sed vos saevas imponite leges,

Juv. 7, 229.—

Hence of conditions or terms of peace:

pax data Philippo in has leges est,

Liv. 33, 30:

quibus ante dictum est legibus, pacem fecerunt,

id. 30, 43:

pacemque his legibus constituerunt,

Nep. Tim. 2:

se sub leges pacis iniquae Tradere,

Verg. A. 4, 618:

leges et foedera jungere,

id. ib. 12, 822:

in leges ire,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 27.—

In eccl. Lat. esp., the law of Moses:

nolite putare quoniam veni solvere legem,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 17; 11, 13;

often called lex Moysi,

id. Luc. 2, 22; id. Act. 15, 5;

but more freq. lex Domini,

id. Luc. 2, 23; id. Psa. 4, 2:

lex Dei,

id. 2 Esdr. 10, 28 sq.;

also cf.: lex Altissimi,

id. Eccl. 19, 21:

lex tua,

id. Psa. 39, 8; 118, 18:

lex mea,

id. Prov. 3, 1.—Also of a precept of the Mosaic law:

ista est lex animantium,

Vulg. Lev. 11, 46:

istae sunt leges quas constituit Dominus,

id. Num. 30, 17.

rĕ-nŏvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to renew, restore (class., esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: instauro, redintegro).

Lit.: marc fontes assidue renovant, Lucr. 2, 591; cf.:

quibus (vaporibus) altae renovataeque stellae atque omnis aether refundunt eodem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118:

Lucifer renovatus undā Oceani,

Sil. 7, 639:

vides Virtutis templum a M. Marcello renovatum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 61:

VIAS ET MILLIARIA,

Inscr. Orell. 905:

renovare veteres colonias,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

vitem,

Col. 4, 27, 6:

durum arvum,

to renew by ploughing, Ov. M. 15, 125:

agrum aratro,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 23; id. F. 1, 159:

meus renovatur campus aratris,

id. Am. 1, 3, 9:

multa jugera (tauri),

Tib. 3, 3, 5; but also, to restore by not cultivating, to let lie fallow:

agrum,

Ov. M. 1, 110:

sedeat praeterea cottidie ad rationes, tabulasque testamenti omnibus renovet,

retouch, change, alter before everybody, Petr. 117, 10.— Poet.:

(Ulixem) veteres arcus leto renovasse procorum,

i. e. used again, Prop. 3, 12 (4, 11), 35.— Absol.:

non si Neptuni fluctu renovare operam des (sc.: purpureum colorem conchyli),

to restore, Lucr. 6, 1076.—

In partic., in business lang., to renew or redouble interest, i. e. to take interest on interest, take compound interest:

Scaptius centesimis renovato in singulos annos faenore, contentus non fuit,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. renovatio, I. 2.—

Trop., to renew, restore:

periculum sit, ne instauratas maximi belli reliquias ac renovatas audiamus,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:

scelus renovare et instaurare,

id. Verr. 1, 4, 11:

institutum,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68:

vetus exemplum,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

veterem iram,

Tac. H. 4, 36:

veterem animi curam molestiamque,

Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 1:

nolo eam rem commemorando renovare,

id. Quint. 21, 70:

infandum, regina, jubes renovare dolorem,

Verg. A. 2, 3:

memoriam prope intermortuam,

Cic. Mur. 7, 16:

antiquarum cladium memoriam,

Liv. 23, 41; 22, 61:

bona praeterita gratā recordatione renovata,

Cic. Fin. 1, 17, 57:

haec studia,

id. Div. 2, 2, 7; cf. id. Ac. 1, 3, 11:

pristina bella,

id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

bellum,

id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

belli renovandi consilium capere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 2; id. B. C. 3, 102; Sall. J. 36, 1; Liv. 2, 31; cf.

proelium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 20 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 5; Ov. M. 5, 156:

casus omnes,

Verg. A. 2, 750:

vulnera,

to tear open, Ov. Tr. 2, 209:

rursus cursum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 93:

sacra rite,

Liv. 5, 18:

auspicia,

id. 5, 31; 6, 5:

societatem,

Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 2; cf.

foedus,

Liv. 9, 43 fin.:

amicitiam et societatem,

id. 34, 31:

dextras,

Tac. A. 2, 58:

luctus,

Tib. 2, 6, 41; Ov. M. 14, 465:

lacrimas,

id. ib. 11, 472:

renovata clades domūs,

Juv. 10, 243:

viam doloremque,

Curt. 3, 12, 17:

gaudia (with redintegrare),

Plin. Pan. 61 fin.:

annos Anchisae,

i. e. to restore his youth, make him young again, Ov. M. 9, 424:

senectutem,

id. ib. 7, 215:

florem aetatis ex morbo,

Liv. 28, 35:

annos renovaverat Titan,

Tib. 4, 1, 113. —

In partic.

To repeat in words, say again, say repeatedly:

hic renovabo illud, quod initio dixi, regnum comparari, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 10, 24; cf.:

ut renovetur, non redintegretur oratio,

Auct. Her. 2, 30, 47:

de lege, de foedere, etc.... renovabo ea quae dicta sunt,

Cic. Balb. 7. — With ut:

(consules) ipsis tribunis (plebis) ut sacrosancti viderentur, renovarunt,

declared anew, repeated, that, Liv. 3, 55 Drak.—

To renew in strength; to refresh, recreate, recover, revive (syn.:

recreare, reficere): quies renovavit corpora animosque ad omnia de integro patienda,

Liv. 21, 21:

animum auditoris ad ea quae restant,

Cic. Inv. 2, 15, 49:

animos equitum ad alicujus odium,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

virtus, quae risum judicis movendo... animum aliquando reficit et a satietate vel a fatigatione renovat,

Quint. 6, 3, 1:

refici atque renovari,

id. 12, 6, 6:

ars variandi renovat aures,

id. 11, 3, 44:

fatigata (facundia) renovatur,

id. 10, 5, 14:

et virium plus afferunt ad discendum renovati ac recentes,

restored and fresh, id. 1, 3, 9:

renovato modica quiete exercitu,

Liv. 36, 14:

se novis opibus copiisque,

Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

ipsi mihi locus optimi illius viri desiderium renovavit,

Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 1.