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at+his+word

  • 1 IT

    (impersonal 3rd sg. pronoun – notice that “personal” forms are used of all living things including plants; see HE): As a pronominal suffix, the entire 3rd person singular “he, she it” is expressed by the ending -s, e.g. caris *“(s)he/it does” (VT49:16). The ending -s is also attested in object position, e.g. utúvienyes, "I have found [utúvienye-] it [-s]"). “It”, with reference to non-living or abstract things, does have a distinct form when appearing as an independent pronoun: sa (VT49:37), with long vowel (sá, VT49:51) when stressed. It is attested in object position: carë sa, “to do it” (VT49:34). Another word for “it” or “that” is ta (though in some sources, Tolkien used ta for plural impersonal “they, them” instead). Case endings may probably be added to sa, e.g. dative *san “for it” (cf. nin “for me”); sa also appears suffixed to a preposition in the word ósa *”with it” (VT43:29). Genitive ITS would normally appear as the ending -rya (only attested with personal meanings “his, her” – see HIS). “Its” as an independent word may be *sanya, formed from *san as the dative form of sa “it” (compare ninya “my” vs. ni “I”, dative nin “for me”). –VT49:16, 51, VT43:29, LotR:1008, TA

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > IT

  • 2 HE, HIM

    (personal 3rd sg. pronoun): As a pronominal suffix, the entire 3rd person singular “he, she, it” is expressed by the ending -s, e.g. caris *“(s)he/it does” (VT49:16, 48). Sometimes a verb with no pronominal ending whatsoever implies a subject “he, she, it”, e.g. nornë “he ran” (PE17:58), fírië “she has breathed forth” (MR:250), tinë “it glints” (TIN). A distinctly masculine ending -ro does occur in early material (antaváro “he will give”, LR:63), but was apparently abandoned by Tolkien. The ending -s may also appear in the “rare” longer form -së (VT49:51, descended from older -sse, VT49:20), perhaps distinctly personal (cf. násë “he [or she] is” vs. nás “it is”, VT49:27, 30). The ending -s is also attested in object position, e.g. melinyes “I love him” (VT49:21; this could also mean *”I love her” or *”I love it”). “He/she” (or even “it”, when some living thing is concerned) does have a distinct form when it appears as an independent pronoun: se (VT49:37), also with a long vowel (sé, VT49:51) when stressed. (Contrast the use of sa for “it” with reference to non-living things.) The independent form may also appear in object position: melin sé, “I love him [/her]” (VT49:21). Case endings may be added, e.g. allative sena or senna “at him [/her]”, “to him/her” (VT49:14, 45-46); se also appears suffixed to a preposition in the word ósë *”with him/her” (VT43:29). A distinct pronoun hé can be used for “he/she” = “the other”, as in a sentence like “I love him (sé) but not him (hé).” Genitive HIS/HER (or ITS, of a living thing) would normally appear as the ending -rya, e.g. coarya “his house” (WJ:369), máryat “her hands” (Nam), the latter with a dual ending following -rya. “His/her” as an independent word could be *senya (compare ninya “my” vs. ni “I”, nin “for me”). – Reflexive pronoun, see HIMSELF. –VT49:16, 51, VT43:29, VT49:15, LotR:1008

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > HE, HIM

  • 3 RING

    \#corma (isolated from cormacolindor "Ring-bearers"). The title "Lord of the Rings" Tolkien translated as Heru i Million, with \#milli as the word for "rings" (singular *millë or less likely *mil with stem *mill-). The word *risil (quoted in archaic form rithil) appears in Rithil-Anamo or "Ring of Doom", the place where judgement was passed in Valinor; this would therefore be a "ring" on the ground. RING-DAY Cormarë (Yavannië 30th, a festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his birthday). RING-WRAITHS Úlairi (Nazgûl) (pl; sg \#Úlairë? Note that Úlairi is not a literal translation of "ring-wraiths"; the prefix ú- may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest of the word is obscure. Lairë "summer" or "poem" can hardly have anything to do with \#lairi. The syllable úl- may also have something to do with the Black Speech word gûl, wraith, or else the meaning may be "unliving (= undead) ones", with the root LAY that is normally associated with greenness but also with life: *ú-lai-ri "un-live-ly ones") –LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, LotR.1146, WJ:401, Silm:362, 417

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > RING

  • 4 SPIRIT

    fëa (= the spirit or "soul" of an incarnate, normally housed in a body; pl fëar is attested), ëala ("being"; pl. eälar is attested. Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body, e.g. Balrogs), súlë (Þ) (earlier [MET] thúlë, Þúlë) (maybe a more "impersonal" word for spirit), manu (= departed spirit; LT1:260 has mánë), fairë (= spirit in general, as opposed to matter, or a phantom or disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape. Pl. fairi is attested), vilissë (a "Qenya" word maybe not valid in LotR-style Quenya). A person's "spirit" meaning his or her general personality and attitude may be expressed by the word órë, in LotR defined as "heart, inner mind" (q.v.), cf. PM:337, where it is said that "there dwelt in her [Galadriel] the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested. The Nermir are "fays of the meads".) HOLY SPIRIT airefëa (other version: fairë aista; both versions are attested with the dative ending -n attached). SPIRIT-IMPULSE fëafelmë (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate). –MR:349, 218, 165; cf. Silm:431; LotR:1157, MAN, MC:223, MR:349, GL:23, LT1:260, VT43:36-37, VT44:17, VT41:19 cf. 13

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > SPIRIT

  • 5 DIPHTHONG

    ocamna; in the source providing this word Tolkien rejected his earlier form osamnar (pl.); compare the Etymologies form \#samna (only pl samnar is attested. Distinct in Tengwar spelling from samna "wooden post", that is spelt with initial súlë instead of silmë). Another word for "dipthong" is given as ohlon (pl. ohloni is attested); the latter term was used of vocalic diphthongs and "consonantal diphthongs" (like mb) alike. –VT44:13, 14, SAM, VT39:9, VT48:29

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > DIPHTHONG

  • 6 NAME

    (noun) essë (pl. essi is attested, but see below concerning \#esser as a possible alternative pl. form. Note: the word essë was also used in the sense "person as a whole", body and soul.) AFTER-NAME epessë (i.e., "a nickname – mostly given as a title of admiration or honour"); MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT) \#amilessë (tercenya) (i.e. names given by Elvish mothers to their children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the child as perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is attested.) NAME OF INSIGHT \#essë tercenya (i.e., the same as "mother-name"; only pl essi tercenyë is attested); GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested. This term includes both "after-names" and "mother-names".) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING Essecilmë (an Eldarin seremony in which a person chooses a name according to his or her personal lámatyávë or sound-taste); SELF-NAME \#cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested, said to mean more literally "names of personal choice": \#cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.") PLACE NAME \#nómessë (isolated from the gen. pl. form nómesseron, "of place-names", VT42:17. This word suggests that the plural of essë can be esser as well as essi). –ES/LotR:1157/MR:216, UT:266, MR:217, 214, VT42:17 (verb) esta- –ES, VT45:12

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > NAME

  • 7 WITH

    For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, the best translation of "with" (in the sense of "together with") is probably \#as, attested with a pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various prepositional elements meaning "with" are attested, but all are probably not meant to coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather Tolkien often changed his mind about the details. The preposition lé, le found in early material (QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style Quenya (in which langauge le is rather the pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be experimenting with yo and ó/o as words for "with"; yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means *"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a table where various pronouns are suffixed to ó-, probably meaning "with" (óni *"with me", ólë *"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar, Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to ó- as a prefix; it was used "in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361 regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of dual ó- is yo- (as in yomenië, WJ:407 cf. 361 regarding the underlying root JŌ), and it may seem to be this yo that occurs as an independent preposition in yo hildinyar in SD:56. The idea that ó- is a distinctly dual form does not appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms like *ómë *"with us", implying at least three persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with various prepositional elements for the phrase "with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carelyë was replaced with aselyë in the final version. Removing the ending -lyë "thee" and the connecting vowel before it leaves us with \#as as the word (or a word) for "with"; this is ultimately related to the conjunction ar "and" (see VT43:30, 47:31). – In English, the preposition "with" may also have an instrumental force, which is best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case (e.g. *nambanen "with [= using] a hammer").

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > WITH

  • 8 FLING

    hat- (cited as hatin “I fling”, first person sg. aorist), pa.t. hantë (QL:39; compare the root KHAT “hurl”, LR:363). The apparently related noun hatal “spear” occurring in late material (VT49:14) suggests that Tolkien eventually decided to maintain this word, though in the meantime, a distinct verb hat- “break asunder” had occurred in his writings.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > FLING

  • 9 MAID, MAIDEN

    wendë, vendë (the latter is the Exilic Quenya form), also short form wen with stem wend- as in pl. wendi (girl) (read v- for w- in Exilic Quenya). Tolkien also used the word wendë (variants vénë, véndë, read evidently vendë) to translate "virgin" in his Quenya version of a Catholic prayer, where the reference is to the Virgin Mary. According to VT47:17, this term can be used of a "maiden" of any age up to fully adult (until marriage). In compounds –wen, e.g. Nerwen "Man-maiden" (probably with stem *-wend-). MAIDENHOOD wendelë (Exilic Quenya *vendelë). –WEN, LT1:271/273/Silm:439, VT44:10, 18, VT47:17

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > MAID, MAIDEN

  • 10 SHADOW

    lëo ( =shadow cast by an object) (shade), also laimë (shadow "cast by an object or form", VT45:8), lómin (shade), lumbulë (=[heavy] shadow), fuinë, huinë (= deep shadow) (gloom, darkness – according to VT41:8, fuinë is actually a Telerin form, the proper Quenya form being huinë), ungo (=dark shadow) (cloud), mordo (obscurity, stain, smear, dimness), lumbë (gloom). "The Shadow" meaning Sauron should probably be Huinë, as this word is associated with his coming to Númenor in LR:47 and SD:246/310. SHADOWED halda (veiled, hidden, shady). –DAY/VT45:8, LT1:255, Nam/RGEO:67, PHUY, UÑG, MOR/VT45:35, LUM, SKAL

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > SHADOW

  • 11 WILL

    (\#1) (noun) níra (= "will" as a potential or faculty, while "act of will" is nirmë), *selma (Þ) ("a fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Þelma, but Þ (th) would become s in the Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Þindë, sindë in WJ:384) Other words for "will" turn up in Tolkien's various translations of "thy will be done" in the Lord's Prayer: indómë, replacing \#mendë (mendelya "thy will"); according to VT43:16, Tolkien in his notes defined indómë as "settled character, also used of the 'will' of Eru". –VT39:30/VT41:6, 17; WJ:319, VT43:15-16 (\#2) (verb) – as part of English circumlocutions expressing futurity, this verb will be rendered by the Quenya future tense in –uva, e.g. \#maruva "will abide". WILL BE, see BE.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > WILL

См. также в других словарях:

  • keeps his word — stands by his word, honors his promises and obligations, did what he said he would …   English contemporary dictionary

  • man of his word — A man of his word is a person who does what he says and keeps his promises …   The small dictionary of idiomes

  • man of his word — {n. phr.} A man who keeps his promises and does the things he agrees to do; a man who can be trusted. * /My uncle is a man of his word./ …   Dictionary of American idioms

  • man of his word — {n. phr.} A man who keeps his promises and does the things he agrees to do; a man who can be trusted. * /My uncle is a man of his word./ …   Dictionary of American idioms

  • man\ of\ his\ word — n. phr. A man who keeps his promises and does the things he agrees to do; a man who can be trusted. My uncle is a man of his word …   Словарь американских идиом

  • good to his word — fulfills his promises, lives up to his word …   English contemporary dictionary

  • man of his word —    A man of his word is a person who does what he says and keeps his promises.   (Dorking School Dictionary) …   English Idioms & idiomatic expressions

  • (a) man of his word — a man who tells the truth and keeps promises. He s always been a man of his word, that I must say …   New idioms dictionary

  • word — [wʉrd] n. [ME < OE, akin to Ger wort < IE * werdh (extension of base * wer , to speak, say) > Gr eirein, to speak, L verbum, word] 1. a) a speech sound, or series of them, serving to communicate meaning and consisting of at least one… …   English World dictionary

  • a man of his word — ► a man (or woman) of his (or her) word a person who keeps their promises. Main Entry: ↑word …   English terms dictionary

  • (a) man of his word — a man/woman/of his/her/word phrase a man or woman who does what he or she promises to do Thesaurus: people or things you can rely on or trust …   Useful english dictionary

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