altāre

altārĭa, jum, n. (ante-class and class. only in plur.; later in sing., in three forms: altāre, is, n., Fest. s. v. adulescit, p. 5; Isid. Orig. 15, 4: altar, āris, n., Prud. steph.; Vincent. 2, 515, and 9, 212; and altārĭum, ii, n., Inscr. Orell. 2519; Hier. Ep. 69.— Abl. altari, Petr. 135, Vulg. Gen. 33, 20, ib. Matt. 23, 20 al.) [cf. adoleo, adolesco, as sacrificial terms, Paul. ex Fest. p. 5 Müll., or altus [p. 97] from its height, id. ib. p. 29; Serv. ad Verg. E. 5, 66].

That which was placed upon the altar proper (ara) for the burning of the victim (altaria sunt, in quibus igne adoletur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 5 Müll.; cf. id. ib. p. 29):

celeres urunt altaria flammae,

Tib. 4, 6, 17:

structae diris altaribus arae,

Luc. 3, 404:

aris altaria imponere,

Quint. Decl. 12, 26; Sol. 9.—Hence,

Poet. (pars pro toto), a high altar (built and ornamented with more splendor than the ara; cf. Voss ad Verg. E. 5, 66;

Hab. Syn. 129): Conspergunt aras adolentque altaria donis,

Lucr. 4, 1237: en quattuor aras;

Ecce duas tibi, Daphni, duas altaria Phoebo,

two high altars to Phœbus, Verg. E. 5, 66 (ubi v. Wagn. and Voss):

inter aras et altaria, i. e. in Capitolio,

Plin. Pan. 1, 5:

altaria thymiamatis,

Vulg. Exod. 30, 27; ib. Rom. 11, 3 al.— Sing. (eccl. Lat.):

aedificabit ibi altare Domino,

Vulg. Gen. 12, 7; ib. Psa. 25, 6; ib. Matt. 5, 23:

altare de terrā facere,

ib. Exod. 20, 24:

altare lapideum,

ib. ib. 20, 25:

altare aureum,

ib. Num. 4, 11; ib. Apoc. 8, 3 al. persaepe.—Also plur. of a single altar:

a cujus altaribus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9 fin.:

ab altaribus fugatus,

id. Har. Resp. 5:

amoveri ab altaribus juvenem jussisset,

Liv. 2, 12:

Hannibalem altaribus admotum,

id. 21, 1:

altaria et aram complexa,

Tac. A. 16, 31:

sumptis in manus altaribus,

Just. 24, 2; Suet. Aug. 94.

aedēs and aedis (the form aedes is found in Liv. 2, 21, 7; 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 43 al., and now and then in other writers, but aedis is more common, as in Cic. Verr. 4, 55, § 121; id. Par. 4, 2, 31; Vitr. 4, 7, 1; Varr. 5, 32, 156 al.; Liv. 1, 33, 9 al.; Plin. 36, 6, 8, § 50), is, f., a building for habitation. [Aedis domicilium in edito positum simplex atque unius aditus. Sive ideo aedis dicitur, quod in ea aevum degatur, quod Graece aiôn vocatur, Fest. p. 13 Müll. Curtius refers this word to aithô, aestus, as meaning originally, fire-place, hearth; others, with probability, compare hedos, hedra, and sēdes.]

Sing., a dwelling of the gods, a sanctuary, a temple (prop., a simple edifice, without division into smaller apartments, while templum is a large and splendid structure, consecrated by the augurs, and belonging to one or more deities; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 4, 7; but after the Aug. period aedes was used for templum; cf. Suet. Caes. 78 with id. ib. 84): haec aedis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 7:

senatum in aedem Jovis Statoris vocavi,

Cic. Cat. 2, 6: aedis Martis, Nep. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.:

aedes Mercurii dedicata est,

Liv. 2, 21:

hic aedem ex marmore molitus est,

Vell. 1, 11, 5:

inter altare et aedem,

Vulg. Luc. 11, 51:

aedem Concordiae,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 19:

aedes Veneris genitricis,

Suet. Caes. 78; v. above; id. ib. 10:

aedem Baal,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 10, 27; ib. Act. 19, 24 al.: haec ego ludo, quae nec in aede sonent, i. e. in the temple of the Muses, or of the Palatine Apollo, where poems were publicly recited, Hor. S. 1, 10, 38; cf.:

quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 94.— Plur. in this sense generally in connection with sacrae, divinae, deorum, and only when several temples are spoken of:

aedes sacrae,

Cic. Dom. 49; cf. Suet. Aug. 30, 100:

Capitolii fastigium et ceterarum aedium,

Cic. de Or. 3, 46; cf. Liv. 38, 41:

Deorum aedes,

Suet. Cat. 21; cf. id. Ner. 38; id. Claud. 21 al.—

A dwelling for men, a house, habitation, [p. 52] obode (syn. domus; usu. only in the plur., as a collection of several apartments; but in the earliest period the sing. also may have had this signif., though but few certain examples of it have been preserved in the written language; cf. Plaut. As. 1, 3, 67:

hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimust... aedis nobis areast, auceps sum ego): aedes probae et pulchre aedificatae,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 60; id. Most. 1, 2, 18:

ultimae,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

apud istum in aedibus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 50, and soon after: in mediis aedibus; cf. Verg. A. 2, 512:

liberae,

a house that is rent-free, Liv. 30, 17:

privatae,

Suet. Ner. 44 al. —Hence sometimes used for a part of the domus, a room, an apartment, chamber:

insectatur omnes domi per aedīs,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 31; Verg. G. 2, 462; cf. id. A. 2, 487 (v. also Gell. 4, 14; Curt. 8, 6; Hor. C. 1, 30, 4).—In Plaut., by comic license, aedes for familia: credo hercle has sustollat aedīs totas atque hunc in crucem, Mil. 2, 3, 39: ut ego suffringam his talos totis aedibus, to break the legs of this whole house (i. e. family), Truc. 2, 8, 7: ab aedibus, denoting office (cf. ab), a castellan:

CVM AB AEDIBVS ESSEM,

Inscr. Grut. 697, 1.—

Met., the cells (or hive) of bees:

clausis cunctantur in aedibus,

Verg. G. 4, 258.—

Trop.:

fac, sis, vacivas aedīs aurium, mea ut migrare dicta possint,

the chambers of your ears, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 54.—

Aedes aurata, a gilded funeral structure, on which the dead body of Cœsar was laid, a catafalque, Suet. Caes. 84.

sā̆crĭlĕgus, a, um, adj. [sacer-lego], that steals sacred things, that robs a temple, sacrilegious:

sacrilegas admovere manus,

Liv. 29, 18:

altare sacrilegum,

Vulg. Jos. 22, 16; cf.:

quorum templis et religionibus iste bellum sacrilegum habuit indictum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188.—As subst. (so usually): sā̆crĭlĕgus, i, m., one who robs or steals from a temple, one who commits sacrilege:

sacrilego poena est, neque ei soli, qui sacrum abstulerit, sed etiam ei, qui sacro commendatum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

non sacrilegum, sed hostem sacrorum religionumque,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 9: an sacrilegus, qui, ut hostes urbe expelleret, arma [p. 1613] templo affixa detraxit? Quint. 5, 10, 36; cf. id. 3, 6, 38; 3, 6, 41; 4, 2, 68 (v. sacrilegium init.):

cavendum ne fortiori subjungatur aliquid infirmius, ut sacrilego fur,

Quint. 9, 4, 23:

punit furta sacrilegus,

Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 8; Vulg. Act. 19, 37.—

Transf., in gen., that violates or profanes sacred things, sacrilegious, impious, profane (freq. since the Aug. per.).

Adj.:

hominem perditum Miserumque, et illum sacrilegum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 29; Ov. M. 4, 23; cf.:

o genera sacrilega!

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 6:

quorum civis Romanus nemo erat sed Graeci sacrilegi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69:

sacrilegos ignes admovere templis,

Tib. 3, 5, 11:

manus,

id. 2, 4, 26; Hor. C. 2, 13, 2; Ov. F. 3, 700; id. Am. 1, 7, 28:

dextra,

id. M. 14, 539:

meretricum artes,

id. A. A. 1, 435:

nefas (Catilinae),

Mart. 9, 70, 2:

hami (on account of the preceding sacris piscibus),

id. 4, 30, 12.— Sup.:

exi e fano, sacrilegissime,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 1.—

Subst., an impious, wicked, or profane person:

parricida, sacrilege, perjure, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 129; Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 1; id. Eun. 5, 3, 2; 5, 3, 13; Sall. C. 14, 3; Ov. M. 8, 792; 8, 817.—With gen.:

nuptiarum,

i. e. a violator of marriage vows, an adulterer, Cod. Just. 9, 9, 29 fin. —In fem.: sā̆crĭlĕga, ae, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 13; Ov. M. 11, 41.— Adv.: sā̆crĭlĕgē, sacrilegiously, impiously (late Lat.), Tert. Apol. 12.

sā̆crĭlĕgus, a, um, adj. [sacer-lego], that steals sacred things, that robs a temple, sacrilegious:

sacrilegas admovere manus,

Liv. 29, 18:

altare sacrilegum,

Vulg. Jos. 22, 16; cf.:

quorum templis et religionibus iste bellum sacrilegum habuit indictum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188.—As subst. (so usually): sā̆crĭlĕgus, i, m., one who robs or steals from a temple, one who commits sacrilege:

sacrilego poena est, neque ei soli, qui sacrum abstulerit, sed etiam ei, qui sacro commendatum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

non sacrilegum, sed hostem sacrorum religionumque,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 9: an sacrilegus, qui, ut hostes urbe expelleret, arma [p. 1613] templo affixa detraxit? Quint. 5, 10, 36; cf. id. 3, 6, 38; 3, 6, 41; 4, 2, 68 (v. sacrilegium init.):

cavendum ne fortiori subjungatur aliquid infirmius, ut sacrilego fur,

Quint. 9, 4, 23:

punit furta sacrilegus,

Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 8; Vulg. Act. 19, 37.—

Transf., in gen., that violates or profanes sacred things, sacrilegious, impious, profane (freq. since the Aug. per.).

Adj.:

hominem perditum Miserumque, et illum sacrilegum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 29; Ov. M. 4, 23; cf.:

o genera sacrilega!

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 6:

quorum civis Romanus nemo erat sed Graeci sacrilegi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69:

sacrilegos ignes admovere templis,

Tib. 3, 5, 11:

manus,

id. 2, 4, 26; Hor. C. 2, 13, 2; Ov. F. 3, 700; id. Am. 1, 7, 28:

dextra,

id. M. 14, 539:

meretricum artes,

id. A. A. 1, 435:

nefas (Catilinae),

Mart. 9, 70, 2:

hami (on account of the preceding sacris piscibus),

id. 4, 30, 12.— Sup.:

exi e fano, sacrilegissime,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 1.—

Subst., an impious, wicked, or profane person:

parricida, sacrilege, perjure, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 129; Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 1; id. Eun. 5, 3, 2; 5, 3, 13; Sall. C. 14, 3; Ov. M. 8, 792; 8, 817.—With gen.:

nuptiarum,

i. e. a violator of marriage vows, an adulterer, Cod. Just. 9, 9, 29 fin. —In fem.: sā̆crĭlĕga, ae, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 13; Ov. M. 11, 41.— Adv.: sā̆crĭlĕgē, sacrilegiously, impiously (late Lat.), Tert. Apol. 12.