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additional

  • 1 extra

    extrā (old form EXTRAD repeatedly in the S. C. de Bacchan.; v. below, and cf. the letter D.), adv. and praep. [contr. from exterā, sc. parte, from exter].
    I.
    Adv. ( comp. exterius, see below), on the outside, without (syn.: extrinsecus, foris; opp. intra, intus, in).
    A.
    Lit.:

    vitiles (alvos apium) fimo bubulo oblinunt intus et extra,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 16; cf.:

    cum extra et intus hostem haberent,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 69, 4; Cels. 6, 18, 7; 9:

    maceries levigatur extra intraque,

    Col. 8, 15, 2;

    for which without a copula: extra intra,

    Plin. 6, 32, 38, § 205; cf.:

    nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce duri,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31:

    et in corpore et extra esse quaedam bona,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68; cf.:

    aut in animis aut in corporibus aut extra esse possunt,

    id. Part. Or. 11, 37:

    ea, quae extra sunt,

    id. Rep. 6, 26; cf. id. N. D. 2, 59, 147; and: illa, quae sunt extra, outward goods (ta exô), id. Fin. 5, 23 fin.:

    sint extra licet usus belli,

    remain aloof, Quint. 1, 10, 48 Spald.—With verbs of motion:

    ut nulla pars hujusce generis excederet extra,

    Cic. Univ. 5:

    ubi jam nihil tale extra fertur,

    Cels. 7, 27:

    cum extra fulgorem spargunt,

    Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 117:

    ad causam extra arcessitum,

    Quint. 5, 12, 4; cf.:

    extra petita,

    id. 5, 11, 44.— Comp. in nearly the sense of the positive:

    Exteriusque sitae (urbes) bimari spectantur ab Isthmo,

    situated without, Ov. M. 6, 420:

    vasa intrinsecus et exterius crasse picari (jubebat),

    on the outside, externally, Col. 12, 44, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., to indicate that which, being beyond or outside of a thing, forms an exception or addition to it, except, besides.
    1.
    So freq. in the expression extra quam, in conditional sentences usually extra quam si, like praeterquam, except that, unless that, except in case (orig. in the civil law lang.; elsewh. rare): VTEI. EA. BACANALIA. SEI. QVA. SVNT. EXTRAD. QVAM. SEI. QVID. IBEI. SACRI. EST, etc., S. C. de Bacch. fin.; cf.

    respecting this senatusconsultum in Livy: ut omnia Bacchanalia diruerent: extra quam si qua ibi vetusta ara aut signum consecratum esset,

    Liv. 39, 18, 7:

    si addat exceptionem hanc: extra quam si quis, etc.,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 33, 56; cf. id. Att. 6, 1, 15; Liv. 38, 38, 9; Dig. 43, 12, 1, § 16:

    extra quam qui, etc.,

    Liv. 26, 34, 6:

    postulat is, quicum agitur, a praetore exceptionem: extra quam in reum capitis praejudicium fiat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 59.—
    b.
    Beyond the technical lang.:

    negant, sapientem suscepturum ullam rei publicae partem, extra quam si eum tempus et necessitas coëgerit?

    unless. Cic. Rep. 1, 6: extra quam si nolint fame perire, id. Inv. 2, 57, 172.—
    * 2.
    Additional, for the more usual praeterea, besides, extra, additional:

    quaedam, inquit, pluris sunt quam venierunt, et ob hoc aliquid mihi extra pro illis, quamvis empta sint, debes,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 15, 2.
    II.
    Praep. with acc. (rarely following its case:

    urbem extra,

    Tac. A. 13, 47; in late Lat. sometimes also with abl., as extra fano, extra sanctuario, Hyg. de Lim.; cf. Salmas. ad Capitol. Ver. 9, p. 431), outside of, without, beyond.
    A.
    Lit.: aut intra muros aut extra, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 ed. Vahl.);

    imitated by Horace: Iliacos intra muros peccatur et extra,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 16: quid sic te extra aedes exanimata eliminas? Enn. ap. Non. 39, 4 (Trag. v. 290 ed. Vahl.):

    NEVE EXTRAD VRBEM SACRA QVISQVAM FECISE VELET, S. C. de Bacchan.: extra portam Collinam,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

    extra Peloponnesum,

    id. Rep. 2, 4:

    extra provinciam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10 fin.:

    extra ostium limenque carceris,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 13; so,

    extra limen Apuliae,

    Hor. C. 3, 4, 10 et saep.—With abstract substantives:

    esse extra noxiam,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 57:

    extra noxiam,

    id. Hec. 2, 3, 3:

    extra noxam, extra famam noxae,

    Liv. 34, 61, 9; cf.:

    ut extra ruinam sint eam, quae impendet,

    beyond, apart from, Cic. Att. 11, 24, 2:

    extra causam esse,

    id. Caecin. 32, 94; so,

    extra hanc contentionem certamenque nostrum,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 37:

    extra ordinem,

    id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; id. Clu. 31, 85; id. Fam. 6, 5, 6:

    extra quotidianam consuetudinem,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 85, 3:

    extra numerum,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 1; Cic. Par. 3, 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 59:

    extra modum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 41:

    extra jocum,

    joking apart, seriously, id. Fam. 7, 16, 2 et saep.: ne quo ad cenam exiret extra consilium meum, without my advice, Titin. ap. Non. 95, 2; cf.:

    ipsi medium ingenium, magis extra vitia quam cum virtutibus,

    Tac. H. 1, 49:

    extra honorem,

    Suet. Claud. 14; Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150. —With verbs of motion:

    imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum,

    beyond, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 68:

    extra portam deducere,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 78; cf.:

    extra portam perire,

    id. Mil. 2, 4, 7:

    fines terminique, extra quos egredi non possim,

    Cic. Quint. 10, 35; cf.:

    extra cancellos egredi,

    id. ib. §

    36: extra modum sumptu et magnificentia prodire,

    id. Off. 1, 39, 140:

    ut extra tabulam non emineat,

    Cels. 6, 7, 9 et saep.—
    B.
    Transf. (acc. to I. B.), in indicating an exception or addition (= praeter).
    1.
    Excepting, except: optumam progeniem Priamo peperisti extra me (= me exceptā), Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 83 ed. Vahl.):

    extra unum te,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 203; cf.:

    extra unum Palaestrionem,

    id. Mil. 2, 2, 6:

    extra unam aniculam,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 48:

    extra ducem paucosque praeterea reliqui primum in ipso bello rapaces, deinde, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    vacationem militiae esse extra tumultum Gallicum,

    id. Phil. 5, 19, 53:

    ad haec, quae interrogatus es, responde: extra ea cave vocem mittas,

    Liv. 8, 32, 8.—
    * 2.
    Besides, in addition to:

    quod Cato si voluit, extra familiam debuit dicere vilicum et vilicam,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > extra

  • 2 tum

    tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.
    I.
    Absol.
    A.
    Referring to a time previously specified.
    1.
    To a definite past time.
    (α).
    To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:

    is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,

    Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:

    quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:

    cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,

    id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:

    erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,

    id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

    vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,

    Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;

    44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,

    Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;

    39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,

    Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—
    (β).
    Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:

    insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,

    Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;

    ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:

    jam duo restabant fata tum,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;

    5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,

    Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

    scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,

    id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

    hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,

    id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

    hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

    eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,

    Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;

    2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,

    id. 8, 3, 9:

    Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,

    id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;

    1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,

    Vell. 1, 8, 3:

    tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,

    id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:

    non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,

    Curt. 3, 11, 5:

    Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,

    Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:

    quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,

    Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—
    (γ).
    Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:

    quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,

    Cic. Clu. 20, 55:

    cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,

    id. ib. 27, 75:

    Caere, opulento tum oppido,

    Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:

    praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,

    Tac. H. 4, 9.—
    (δ).
    Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;

    nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:

    tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:

    quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:

    tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—
    (ε).
    Opposed to another time specified:

    itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

    itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,

    id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:

    sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,

    Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;

    21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,

    Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—
    (ζ).
    In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;

    ut tum accidit,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:

    foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,

    Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—
    (η).
    Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:

    quis tum non ingemuit?

    Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

    ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,

    id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;

    nunc agendum est subtilius,

    id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:

    itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,

    i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:

    M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,

    Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:

    sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,

    Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:

    Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,

    Ov. M. 14, 474.—

    With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 39:

    emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,

    id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;

    so repeated seven times,

    id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—
    (θ).
    Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):

    atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,

    Cic. Clu. 20, 56:

    itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,

    id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—
    2.
    In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:

    quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?

    if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:

    (dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,

    id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:

    moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,

    id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—
    3.
    Referring to indefinite time.
    (α).
    Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:

    tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),

    Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—
    (β).
    With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:

    qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:

    deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),

    Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;

    4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—
    (γ).
    With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;

    fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:

    ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,

    Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;

    tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,

    id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;

    tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—
    4.
    Referring to future time.
    (α).
    To a definite time before mentioned:

    ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,

    i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:

    jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,

    Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:

    tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—
    (β).
    With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:

    quom videbis, tum scies,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;

    Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:

    confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

    agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—
    B.
    Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.
    1.
    Simple sequence in time.
    (α).
    Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;

    otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,

    Enn. Ann. 179:

    dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);

    tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

    dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;

    5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,

    Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;

    3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,

    Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—
    (β).
    In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:

    tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,

    Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:

    tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,

    Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:

    tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,

    Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—
    (γ).
    Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:

    at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,

    Lucr. 5, 399:

    madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,

    Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;

    7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

    Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—
    2.
    Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.
    (α).
    Succession of time proper:

    ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:

    primo... deinde... tum... tum,

    id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

    primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;

    postremum, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 39, 4:

    primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,

    id. 9, 6, 1:

    primo... deinde... tum... tum,

    id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;

    23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,

    Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—
    (β).
    So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;

    not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,

    Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:

    tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:

    tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,

    id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—
    (γ).
    Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:

    qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—
    C.
    Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.
    1.
    Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;

    rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:

    magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

    altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;

    duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,

    Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):

    quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:

    faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—
    2.
    Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.
    (α).
    With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;

    tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—
    (β).
    Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):

    tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:

    tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:

    mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,

    id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

    (alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,

    id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:

    dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,

    Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:

    plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;

    so three times,

    id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;

    four times,

    id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;

    five times,

    id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;

    six times,

    id. ib. 1, 53, 120;

    seven times,

    Quint. 9, 4, 133;

    nine times,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):

    Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,

    at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—
    (γ).
    Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):

    ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:

    tum... tum... aliquando,

    id. Div. 2, 2, 6:

    tum... tum... aut... aut,

    id. Or. 61, 204:

    modo... tum autem,

    id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:

    nunc... nunc... tum... tum,

    Flor. 1, 17, 5.—
    (δ).
    Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):

    Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,

    Vell. 2, 68, 3:

    Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,

    Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:

    Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,

    id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;

    and with etiam,

    Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—
    3.
    As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.
    a.
    Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):

    quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

    quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

    quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:

    cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,

    id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

    haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—
    b.
    Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):

    nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—
    c.
    Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:

    visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:

    movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,

    Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init.
    d.
    With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:

    quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:

    luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,

    Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:

    concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,

    Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:

    quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —
    e.
    Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,
    (α).
    By vero:

    cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,

    in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—
    (β).
    By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:

    cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:

    cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—
    (γ).
    By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:

    cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:

    fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—
    (δ).
    By inprimis, chiefly, principally:

    cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—
    (ε).
    By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—
    (ζ).
    By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:

    at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—
    (η).
    By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:

    cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,

    Cic. Am. 7, 23. —
    (θ).
    By etiam, besides, as well:

    cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,

    Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

    quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

    cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,

    id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—
    (ι).
    By quoque, also, besides, as well:

    cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,

    Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—
    (κ).
    By et, also, besides, too:

    cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,

    Just. 19, 1, 7.—
    (λ).
    By praeterea, moreover, besides:

    dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.
    II.
    Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).
    A.
    With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.
    1.
    Referring to definite past time.
    a.
    Tum as antecedent of cum:

    jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?

    Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

    qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:

    bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,

    id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:

    tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,

    Liv. 45, 3, 7:

    tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,

    Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:

    nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:

    cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—
    b.
    Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).
    (α).
    Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:

    cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —
    (β).
    Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:

    id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:

    cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,

    Liv. 5, 22, 3.—
    2.
    Referring to definite present time:

    quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—
    3.
    Referring to indefinite time.
    a.
    As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;

    etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,

    Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:

    nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,

    Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;

    4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,

    Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:

    eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,

    Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—
    b.
    Tum introducing the apodosis.
    (α).
    As coincident:

    quom amamus, tum perimus,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:

    ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,

    Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):

    cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:

    nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:

    quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —
    (β).
    As subsequent:

    ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:

    eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—
    4.
    Referring to future time.
    (α).
    Tum as antecedent of cum:

    quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,

    Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:

    non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—
    (β).
    Tum introducing the apodosis:

    quom videbis, tum scies,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:

    de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—
    B.
    With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.
    1.
    Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

    vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

    Cato, R. R. 33:

    tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—
    2.
    Tum introducing the apodosis.
    (α).
    Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):

    ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:

    ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,

    Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—
    (β).
    Referring to indefinite time:

    post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:

    ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,

    Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—
    (γ).
    Referring to future time:

    otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:

    ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

    ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

    ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,

    Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—
    C.
    With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.
    1.
    Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

    Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,

    Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—
    2.
    Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).
    (α).
    Referring to definite past time:

    posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):

    postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,

    Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—
    (β).
    Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—
    D.
    With a temporal clause introduced by ut.
    1.
    Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

    tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,

    Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—
    2.
    Tum introducing the apodosis.
    (α).
    Of definite past time:

    nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:

    sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,

    Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—
    (β).
    Referring to future time:

    neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

    traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),

    Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    E.
    With a temporal clause introduced by quando.
    1.
    Tum as antecedent of the clause.
    (α).
    Of definite past time:

    auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—
    (β).
    Of future time:

    at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:

    utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,

    Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—
    2.
    Tum introducing the apodosis.
    (α).
    Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):

    quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),

    Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

    quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,

    Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—
    (β).
    Of future time:

    at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:

    quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,

    Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—
    F.
    In the apodosis after simul ac:

    an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?

    Lucr. 6, 402.—
    G.
    With a temporal clause introduced by dum.
    1.
    Tum as antecedent:

    sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,

    Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—
    2.
    Tum introducing the apodosis:

    dum habeat, tum amet,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:

    dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,

    Verg. A. 9, 540.—
    H.
    As antecedent of quamdiu:

    qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—
    K.
    Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:

    quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:

    cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—
    L.
    After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—
    M.
    With conditional clauses.
    1.
    With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).
    (α).
    Tum as antecedent of clause:

    tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:

    si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,

    Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

    tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,

    Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—
    (β).
    Tum introducing the apodosis:

    si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:

    quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:

    si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,

    Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—

    Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,

    Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—
    2.
    With a condition contrary to fact.
    (α).
    Tum, antecedent of clause:

    tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,

    Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

    tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,

    id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—
    (β).
    Tum introducing the apodosis:

    si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:

    quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,

    Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —
    N.
    After an abl. absol.
    1.
    With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.
    (α).
    Referring to definite past time:

    ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,

    Cic. Mur. 16, 34:

    sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,

    Sall. C. 61, 1:

    ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,

    Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—
    (β).
    Referring to indefinite time:

    hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

    Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—
    (γ).
    Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):

    ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—
    2.
    With pres. participles (post-class.):

    tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,

    Just. 12, 15, 6.
    III.
    Particular connections.
    A.
    With other particles of time.
    1.
    Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:

    jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:

    quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,

    Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:

    ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:

    jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,

    Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;

    24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,

    Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—
    2.
    Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.
    a.
    Tum demum.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,

    Lucr. 3, 58:

    tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:

    nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,

    Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—
    (β).
    In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:

    imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:

    tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

    cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,

    Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—
    (γ).
    Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—
    b.
    Tum denique.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

    injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—
    (β).
    Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):

    tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

    quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,

    tum denique si,

    id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

    indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,

    Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—
    3.
    Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:

    tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,

    Lucr. 5, 1014:

    ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:

    ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,

    Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —
    4.
    With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.
    a.
    Deinde tum (very rare):

    primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,

    Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—
    b.
    Tum deinde.
    (α).
    = tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:

    nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,

    Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:

    emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,

    Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:

    quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,

    Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —
    (β).
    = an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;

    tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,

    Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—
    c.
    With hic:

    hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:

    hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,

    id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:

    hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,

    id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—
    d.
    Tum postea:

    tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,

    Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—
    5.
    With interim:

    unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,

    Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—
    B.
    With particles of emphasis.
    1.
    Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,

    Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

    semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,

    id. Clu. 18, 51:

    tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:

    Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,

    Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:

    deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—
    (β).
    As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:

    quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,

    Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:

    tum vero... si,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:

    quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,

    Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—
    2.
    Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,

    actum quidem,

    id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:

    et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,

    Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;

    7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,

    Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:

    Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,

    Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—
    3.
    Ne tum quidem, not even then:

    num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:

    ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:

    ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—
    4.
    Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).
    (α).
    Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:

    quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,

    Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—
    (β).
    Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):

    regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,

    Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:

    per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,

    id. 40, 32, 1; so,

    tum cummaxime,

    id. 43, 7, 8:

    corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,

    Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:

    et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,

    Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—
    (γ).
    Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—
    5.
    Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):

    C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,

    Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—
    6.
    Etiam tum.
    (α).
    Even then:

    etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,

    Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:

    totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,

    even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

    etiam tum cum verisimile erit,

    id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—
    (β).
    Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—

    And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,

    not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—
    7.
    Tum etiam.
    (α).
    Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:

    atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:

    qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—
    (β).
    Then also, then too, besides:

    tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,

    Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—
    8.
    Tum quoque.
    (α).
    Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;

    nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,

    Lucr. 6, 162:

    tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:

    tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,

    Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—
    (β).
    Even then, = etiam tum (rare):

    et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,

    Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—
    (γ).
    In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:

    quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,

    Liv. 42, 62, 7. —
    (δ).
    = sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;

    9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,

    Just. 2, 9, 18.—
    9.
    Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:

    nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,

    Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

    quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,

    id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:

    tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,

    id. Div. 1, 52, 118:

    ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

    id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—
    C.
    Tum with co-ordinating particles.
    1.
    Tum autem.
    (α).
    = praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;

    tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

    oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:

    tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—
    (β).
    = tum... tum:

    visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?

    Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—
    (γ).
    = eo tempore, with autem as connective:

    tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:

    tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—
    (δ).
    But in this instance:

    uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—
    2.
    For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—
    3.
    Tum praeterea:

    nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—
    4.
    Tum porro:

    tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,

    Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—
    D.
    Quid tum?
    1.
    In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:

    quid tum postea?

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—
    2.
    In imitation of a dialogue:

    at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—
    3.
    As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—
    E.
    Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:

    tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,

    Just. 31, 2, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tum

  • 3 additāmentum

        additāmentum ī, n    [addo], an accession: inimicorum meorum, i. e. reinforcement.
    * * *
    addition; additional factor/amount/element; something added

    Latin-English dictionary > additāmentum

  • 4 ad-nītor (ann-)

        ad-nītor (ann-) nīxus or nīsus, dep.,    to lean against, lean upon: ad aliquod tamquam adminiculum: adnixi hastis, V. — Fig., to take pains, make an effort, exert oneself, strive: acrius ut, etc., S.: pro se quisque, ut, etc., L.: ad ea patranda, S.: de triumpho: pro ullo, L.: adversus eam actionem, L.: mecum, S.: hoc idem de intercessoribus, L.: adnitente Crasso, S.: si paululum adnitatur, makes an additional effort, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > ad-nītor (ann-)

  • 5 amō

        amō āvī, ātus, āre    [AM-], to love: magis te, quam oculos, T.: unice patriam: dignus amari, V.: non diligi solum, verum etiam amari: a suis et amari et diligi: nescio, ita me di ament, so help me the gods, T.: sic me di amabunt, ut, etc., T.: quam se ipse amans sine rivali! in love with himself: nisi nosmet ipsos valde amabimus. — To be in love, have an amour: meum gnatum rumor est Amare, T.: insuevit exercitus amare, S. — Fig., to love, be fond of, find pleasure in: voltum, incessum alicuius: litteras, N.: ea, quae res secundae amant, S.: nemus, H.: amat ianua limen, i. e. is constantly closed, H.: focos, i. e. to make homes, V.: Litus ama, keep close to, V. — With infin: Hic ames dici pater atque princeps, H. — Amare aliquem, to be obliged to, be under obligation, have to thank: ecquid nos amas de fidicinā istac? T.: et in Attilii negotio te amavi: bene facis, merito te amo, T.—Colloq., amabo or amabo te (never vos, etc.), I shall be under obligation to you, and in entreaties, be so good, I pray, I entreat you: id, amabo, adiuta me, T.: cura, amabo te, Ciceronem nostrum: amabo ut illuc transeas, T.: amabo te, ne improbitati meae adsignes, etc.: ego me amavi, was well satisfied with myself. — Meton., amare with inf, to be fond, be wont, be accustomed: clamore, voltu, aliis omnibus, quae ira fieri amat, S.: Aurum perrumpere amat saxa, H.
    * * *
    I
    amare, additional forms V
    love, like; fall in love with; be fond of; have a tendency to
    II
    amare, amavi, amatus V
    love, like; fall in love with; be fond of; have a tendency to

    Latin-English dictionary > amō

  • 6 amplius

        amplius indecl.    [ comp n. of amplus], orig. a neut. adj. used with indef. subj., or substantively; also As adv.; and with numerals, etc., without grammatical construction.    I. adj.—With indef subjj., nihil, quid, hoc, etc., more, further, besides, in addition: quid faciam amplius? T.: Numquid nam amplius tibi cum illā fuit? T.: quid a me amplius dicendum putatis?: Quid tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius? T.: nec rei amplius quicquam fuit, T.: nihil amplius dicam quam victoriam, etc.: et hoc amplius censeo, make this further motion: nihil amplius, that is all: Excedam tectis, an, si nihil amplius, obstem? i. e. if I can do no more, O.—    II. As subst, more, a greater amount, larger sum: aedilis, hoc est paulo amplius quam privatus, something more: nescio an amplius mihi negoti contrahatur: si sit opus liquidi non amplius urnā, H.: at ego amplius dico, make a broader assertion: Segestanis imponere amplius quam ferre possent: amplius frumenti auferre: si amplius obsidum velit, dare pollicentur, Cs.: alii plures (uxores) habent, sed reges eo amplius, i. e. as many more as they are able to have, being kings, S.: at ne quos amplius Rhenum transire pateretur, no more, Cs.—Esp., with comp abl. of space, time, and number: uti... non amplius quinis aut senis milibus passuum interesset, no greater space, Cs.: ab Capsā non amplius duum millium intervallo, S.: cum iam amplius horis sex continenter pugnaretur, longer than, Cs.: amplius uno die morari, S.: non amplius duobus milibus habere, more, S.—    III. As adv., more, further, besides, beyond: ut esset amplius populo cautum, give further security: non luctabor tecum amplius: vadari amplius, to exact additional bail: quoniam amplius arma valuissent, S.: nec amplius armis, sed votis... exposcere pacem, no longer, V.: nec se celare tenebris amplius... potuit, V.: in illo exercitu cuncta fuere et alia amplius, S.: felices ter et amplius, H.: neque amplius potestatem faciundam, nisi de eo indicaret, S.—Esp., in court, in postponing a cause: amplius pronuntiare. —    IV. Idiomat., mostly with numerals, more than: amplius viginti urbes incenduntur, more than twenty, Cs.: amplius annos triginta tribunus fuerat, S.: me non amplius novem annos nato, N.: noctem non amplius unam, V.: non amplius milia passuum decem abesse, Cs.: spatium, quod est non amplius pedum sexcentorum, Cs.: amplius sestertium ducentiens: amplius centum cives: cum mille non amplius equitibus, S.: binas aut amplius domos continuare, i. e. occupy two or more residences each, S.: medium non amplius aequor Puppe secabatur, not more than half-way, O.: ne reiciendi quidem amplius quam trium iudicum... potestas (the phrase amplius quam trium is treated as a num.): non amplius quam terna milia... expensum, N.
    * * *
    I
    greater number (than); further, more, beyond, besides; more than (w/numerals)
    II
    greater amount/number/distance, more, any more/further; "judgment reserved"

    Latin-English dictionary > amplius

  • 7 augeō

        augeō auxī (auxitis for auxeritis, L.), auctus, ēre    [AVG-], to increase, augment, enlarge, spread, extend: in augendā re, accumulating: industriam, T.: benevolentiam: vim morbi, L.: numerum: annos, O: copias, S.: flammam, feed, O.: volucrum turbam, to be changed into birds, O.: rem bonis rationibus: gratiā possessiones, N.: (dona) meis venatibus, i. e. offered additional gifts, V.: terram imbribus, to enrich: secando volnus, Cu.: amnis imbribus auctus, O.: aucto in barbarum cognomento, lengthened, Ta. — Supin. acc.: licentiam auctum properatis, S. — Fig., to magnify, exalt, praise, extol: quae vellet: munus suum: hostium vim. — To exaggerate: fama (proelium) multis auxerat partibus, had exaggerated, Cs.: multitudinem, Cu.: aucta est apud hostes fama, Ta.— To furnish abundantly, enrich, load: bonis auctibus (ea omnia) auxitis L. (old prayer): te scientiā: auctus praedā: senectus augeri solet consilio: augeaturi isto honore is vir: damno auctus, enriched by a loss, T. — To honor, advance: te augendum, putavi: honoribus auctus, H.
    * * *
    augere, auxi, auctus V TRANS
    increase, enlarge, augment; spread; honor, promote, raise; exalt; make a lot of

    Latin-English dictionary > augeō

  • 8 capiō

        capiō cēpī (capsis, old for cēperis, C.), captus, ere    [CAP-], to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp: flabellum, T.: sacra manu, V.: pocula, H.: baculum, O.: pignera, L.: manibus tympanum, Ct.: lora, Pr.: arma capere alii, seized their arms, S.: ensem, O.: tela, O.: omnia arma contra illam pestem, i. e. contend in every way: Manlium arma cepisse, had begun hostilities, S.: capere arma parabat, was on the point of attacking, O.—Of food, to take, partake of: Cibum cum eā, T.: lauti cibum capiunt, Ta. — To take captive, seize, make prisoner: belli duces captos tenetis: unus e filiis captus est, Cs.: capta tria milia peditum, L.: alquos Byzantii, N.: captos ostendere civibus hostes, H.: Num capti (Phryges) potuere capi? could they not, when taken, be taken (once for all)? V.: casus est enim in capiendo (sc. praedones).—To catch, hunt down, take: pro se quisque quod ceperat adferebat: cervum, Ph.: illa pro lepusculis capiebantur, patellae, etc.—To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate: ut te redimas captum (i. e. amore), T.: quibus (rebus) illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest: te pecuniā captum: quem suā cepit humanitate, N.: hunc capit argenti splendor, H.: dulcedine vocis, O.: (bos) herbā captus viridi, V.: oculis captis.— To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch: Aut quā viā te captent eādem ipsos capi? T.: eodem captus errore, involved in: suis miserum me cepit ocellis, Pr.: carmine formosae capiuntur, Tb.: me dolis, S.: capi alcuius dolo, N.: alqm amicitiae mendacis imagine, O.—To defeat, convict, cast, overcome (in a suit or dispute): ne tui consultores capiantur: in capiendo adversario versutus (orator).—To harm, lame, mutilate, maim, disable, impair, weaken: oculis et auribus captus, blind and deaf: membris omnibus captus: altero oculo capitur, loses an eye, L.: capti auribus metu, L.: lumine, O.: numquam erit tam captus equester ordo: captā re p. — P. pass., of the mind, deprived of sense, silly, insane, crazed, lunatic, mad: mente esse captum: virgines captae furore, L.: capti et stupentes animi, L. — To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept: iudicem populum R., L.: Me arbitrum, T.: inimicos homines, make enemies, T.: sacerdotem sortito: Flaccus flamen captus a Licinio erat, L. — Of places, to occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into: loca capere, to take up a position, Cs.: castris locum capere: locum extra urbem editum capere, N.: locum editiorem, S.: capto monte, Cs.: Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa, L.: montes fugā, for refuge, L.: tumulum, V.: terras captas despectare videntur (cycni), to be settling down on places selected, V. — To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize: pauca (oppida), S.: Troiā captā, L.: quod (agri) de Campanis ceperant: castra hostium, N.: oppida manu, V.; cf. oppressā captāque re p.: patriam suam, L.—To reach, attain, arrive at, betake oneself to: insulam, Cs.: oti illum portum.—Of property or money, to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get: agros de hostibus: ager ex hostibus captus, L.: praedas, N.: ex hostibus pecuniam, L.: cape cedo, give and take, T.: de re p. nihil praeter gloriam, N.: ex calamitate populi R. nomen capere, Cs.: regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit, succeeded to, O.— With pecuniam, to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe, take blackmail: contra leges pecuniam cepisse?: pecuniae per vim atque iniuriam captae: aperte pecunias ob rem iudicandam: alqm pecuniae captae arcessere, S.—To take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept: morte testamentove alcuius alqd capere: a civibus Romanis hereditates: si capiendi Ius nullum uxori, Iu.—To collect, receive, obtain: ex eis praediis talenta argenti, T.: stipendium iure belli, Cs.: ex quo (castro) talenta, N.— Fig., to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap: Fructum, T.: fructūs auctoritatis: fructum vestri in me amoris: alquid ex eā re commodi? T.: utilitates ex amicitiā.—To take, assume, acquire, put on: gestūs voltūsque novos, T.: figuras, O.—To take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess: petitoris personam: patris vim: patrium animum.— To undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take up: provinciam duram, T.: consulatum: honores, N.: rerum moderamen, O.: rem p., S.: magistratum, L.—With dat. of person, to obtain for, secure for: patres praeturam Camillo ceperunt, L.—To begin, enter upon, undertake: bellum: labores, T.: augurium ex arce, L.: aliud initium belli, i. e. war on a new plan, Cs.: conatūs ad erumpendum, L.: nec vestra capit discordia finem, V.: ad impetum capiundum spatium, to take a start, L.: somnum, fall asleep.—Poet.: Unde nova ingressūs experientia cepit? i. e. was devised, V.—To seize, embrace, take (an opportunity): si quam causam ceperit, T.: tempus ad te adeundi.—To form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach: sensum verae gloriae: ex lucri magnitudine coniecturam furti: consilium unā tecum, T.: consilium hominis fortunas evertere: consilium equitatum demittere, Cs.: consilium ut exirem: legionis opprimendae consilium, Cs.—To take, derive, draw, obtain: de te exemplum, T.: exemplum ex aliquā re. — To take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience: miseriam omnem, T.: angorem pro amico: ex huius incommodis molestiam: infamiam sine voluptate: invidiam apud patres ex largitione, L.: timorem, V.: voluptatem animi.— With a feeling as subj, to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui, etc.: ut caperet odium illam mei, T.: nos oblivio ceperat: Romulum cupido cepit urbis condendae, L.: animum cura cepit, L.: meae si te ceperunt taeda laudis, V.: dementia cepit amantem, V.—Of injury or loss, to suffer, take, be subjected to: calamitatem: incommodi nihil.—Esp., in the formula by which the senate, in great emergencies, gave absolute power to magistrates: videant ne quid res p. detrimenti capiat: senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc., S.—To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for: capit alveus amnes O.: terra feras cepit, O.: quid turbae est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio, T.: unā domo iam capi non possunt: Nec iam se capit unda, V.: Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus, H.: tot domūs locupletissimas istius domus una capiet? will swallow up.—To contain, hold, suffice for, be strong enough for, bear: eam amentiam: nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas, O.: iram Non capit ipsa suam, O.: Nec te Troia capit, is too small for your glory, V.—To take, receive, hold, comprehend, grasp, embrace: gratia, quantam maximam animi nostri capere possunt: ille unus veram speciem senatūs cepit, L.
    * * *
    I
    capere, additional forms V TRANS
    take hold, seize; grasp; take bribe; arrest/capture; put on; occupy; captivate
    II
    capere, cepi, captus V TRANS
    take hold, seize; grasp; take bribe; arrest/capture; put on; occupy; captivate
    III
    taking/seizing

    Latin-English dictionary > capiō

  • 9 cōgnōmen

        cōgnōmen inis, n    [com- + GNA-], a surname, second-name, family-name (added to the name of the gens to distinguish the family): T. Manlius, qui Galli torque detracto cognomen (sc. Torquati) invenit: sapientis: Crassus cognomine Dives: Mercuriale Imposuere mihi cognomen, H.: nationis magis quam generis uti cognomine: Diocles est, Popilius cognomine: duo quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est: cognomen cui Africano ex virtute fuit, Cs.: Tardo cognomen pingui damus, we call the slow man stupid, H.—In gen., a name: locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt, V.: Chaonios cognomine campos a Chaone dixit, V.: prisca locorum, Pr.
    * * *
    surname, family/3rd name; name (additional/derived from a characteristic)

    Latin-English dictionary > cōgnōmen

  • 10 cumulus

        cumulus ī, m    [2 CAV-], a heap, pile, mass, accumulation: Gallorum cumuli, i. e. of slain, L.: armorum cumulos coacervare, L.: aquarum, O.: harenae, V.: insequitur cumulo aquae mons, follows with its mass, V. — Fig., a mass, accumulation: acervatarum legum, L.—Meton., a surplus, overplus, accession, addition, increase: ut ad illam praedam damnatio Roscii velut cumulus accedat: mercedis: dierum, additional number: accesserint in cumulum, as an addition: aliquem cumulum artibus adferre: perfidiae, O.: cladis, as the crown of woe, O.: gaudii.
    * * *
    heap/pile/mound/aggregate/mass/accumulation; wave (water); surplus, increase; finishing touch, consummation, pinnacle, summit, peak, crown; ending of speech

    Latin-English dictionary > cumulus

  • 11 dicō

        dicō āvī, ātus, āre    [* dicus; DIC-], to dedicate, consecrate, devote: donum (Iovi) dicatum: ara condita atque dicata, L.: tibi aram dicatum iri, L.: templum Iovis, O., L.: templa sibi (patri), V.: vehiculum, Ta.— To give up, set apart, appropriate, attach: hanc operam tibi, T.: diem tibi: se Crasso, se Remis in clientelam, Cs.: se alii civitati, to become a free denizen: in aliam se civitatem.— To initiate, inaugurate: illā acie nova signa, Ta.
    * * *
    I
    dicare, dicavi, dicatus V
    dedicate, consecrate, set apart; devote; offer
    II
    dicere, additional forms V
    say, talk; tell, call; name, designate; assert; set, appoint; plead; order
    III
    dicere, dixi, dictus V
    say, talk; tell, call; name, designate; assert; set, appoint; plead; order

    Latin-English dictionary > dicō

  • 12 dīcō

        dīcō dīxī, dictus (imper. dīc; perf. often <*>ync. dīxtī; P. praes. gen. plur. dīcentum for dīcentium, O.), ere    [DIC-], to say, speak, utter, tell, mention, relate, affirm, declare, state, assert: ille, quem dixi, mentioned: stuporem hominis vel dicam pecudis attendite, or rather: neque dicere quicquam pensi habebat, S.: in aurem Dicere nescio quid puero, whisper, H.: Quid de quoque viro et cui dicas, H.: quam tertiam esse Galliae partem dixeramus, Cs.: dico eius adventu copias instructas fuisse: derectos se a vobis dicunt, Cs.: qui dicerent, nec tuto eos adituros, nec, etc., L.— Pass: de hoc Verri dicitur, habere eum, etc., it is reported to Verres that, etc.: dicitur, ad ea referri omnes nostras cogitationes, they say: quam (partem) Gallos obtinere dictum est, I have remarked, Cs.: ut supra dictum est, S.: sicut ante dictum est, N.: Facete dictum, smartly said, T.: multa facete dicta: centum pagos habere dicuntur, Cs.: qui primus Homeri libros sic disposuisse dicitur: ubi dicitur cinxisse Semiramis urbem, O.— Supin. abl.: dictu opus est, T.: nil est dictu facilius, T.— Prov.: dictum ac factum, no sooner said than done, T.— To assert, affirm, maintain: quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis.—Of public speaking, to pronounce, deliver, rehearse, speak: oratio dicta de scripto: sententiam: qui primus sententiam dixerit, voted: sententiae dicebantur, the question was put: testimonium, to give evidence: causam, to plead: ius, to pronounce judgment: ad quos? before whom (as judges)?: ad ista dicere, in reply to: dixi (in ending a speech), I have done.—To describe, relate, sing, celebrate, tell, predict: maiora bella dicentur, L.: laudes Phoebi, H.: Alciden puerosque Ledae, H.: te carmine, V.: Primā dicte mihi Camenā, H.: versūs, V.: carmina fistulā, accompany, H.: cursum mihi, foretell, V.: fata Quiritibus, H.: hoc (Delphi), O.— To urge, offer: non causam dico quin ferat, I have no objection, T. — To pronounce, utter, articulate: cum rho dicere nequiret, etc.— To call, name: me Caesaris militem dici volui, Cs.: cui Ascanium dixere nomen, L.: Quem dixere Chaos, O.: Chaoniamque omnem Troiano a Chaone dixit, V.: Romanos suo de nomine, V.: Hic ames dici pater, H.: lapides Ossa reor dici, O.: dictas a Pallade terras Linquit, O.— Prov.: dici beatus Ante obitum nemo debet, O. — To name, appoint (to an office): se dictatorem, Cs.: magistrum equitum, L.: arbitrum bibendi, H.— To appoint, set apart, fix upon, settle: pecuniam omnem suam doti: hic nuptiis dictust dies, T.: diem operi: dies conloquio dictus est, Cs.: locum consciis, L.: legem his rebus: foederis uequas leges, V.: legem tibi, H.: legem sibi, to give sentence upon oneself, O.: eodem Numida inermis, ut dictum erat, accedit, S.—In phrases with potest: non dici potest quam flagrem desiderio urbis, it is beyond expression: quantum desiderium sui reliquerit dici vix potest, can hardly be told.— To tell, bid, admonish, warn, threaten: qui diceret, ne discederet, N.: Dic properet, bid her hasten, V.: dic Ad cenam veniat, H.: Tibi ego dico annon? T.: tibi equidem dico, mane, T.: tibi dicimus, O.: dixi, I have said it, i. e. you may depend upon it, T.: Dixi equidem et dico, I have said and I repeat it, H.— To mean, namely, to wit: non nullis rebus inferior, genere dico et nomine: Caesari, patri dico: cum dico mihi, senatui dico populoque R.
    * * *
    I
    dicare, dicavi, dicatus V
    dedicate, consecrate, set apart; devote; offer
    II
    dicere, additional forms V
    say, talk; tell, call; name, designate; assert; set, appoint; plead; order
    III
    dicere, dixi, dictus V
    say, talk; tell, call; name, designate; assert; set, appoint; plead; order

    Latin-English dictionary > dīcō

  • 13 dūcō

        dūcō ūxī (dūxtī, Ct., Pr.), uctus, ere    [DVC-], to lead, conduct, guide, direct, draw, bring, fetch, escort: secum mulierculas: vix quā singuli carri ducerentur, Cs.: Curru Victorem, H.: ducente deo, under the conduct of, V.: mucronem, from the scabbard, V.: ferrum vaginā, O.: bracchia (of the bow), bend, V.: sors ducitur: ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, for Neptune, V.: pondus aratri, draw, O.: remos, row, O.: lanas, spin, O.: ubera, milk, O.: frena manu, govern, O.: ilia, i. e. be broken-winded, H.: os, make wry faces: te magna inter praemia, to great glory, V.: sibi quisque ducere, trahere, appropriate, S. — Of a road or path, to lead, conduct: quā te ducit via, V.: iter ad urbem, O.: via quae sublicio ponte ducit ad laniculum, L. — With se, to betake oneself, go: se duxit foras, T.—Of offenders, to take, arrest, lead away, drag, carry off: in ius debitorem, L.: duci in carcerem: ad mortem: Fuficium duci iussit, to be imprisoned: ductum se ab creditore in ergastulum, Cs.—Of a wife, to lead home, take, marry: inopem (uxorem) domum. T.: uxorem filiam Scipionis: filiam Orgetorigis in matrimonium, Cs.: ex quā domo in matrimonium, L.: tibi ducitur uxor, V.: qui ducat abest, the bridegroom, O.: Conlegam Lepidum, wedded, H.—Of a commander, to lead, guide, cause to move, march: locis apertis exercitum, Cs.: cohortīs ad eam partem, etc., Cs.: sex legiones expeditas, led forward, Cs.: navem contra praedones: per triumphum alquem ante currum (of a prisoner): quam in partem aut quo consilio ducerentur, march, Cs.: ducit quam proxime ad hostem potest, moves, L. — To lead, command, be commander of: quā in legatione duxit exercitum: primum pilum ad Caesarem, in Caesar's army, Cs.: exercitūs partem ipse ducebat, S.: agmina, V.— To lead, be leader of, be the head of, be first in: familiam: ordines: toros, O.— To take in, inhale, drink, quaff, imbibe: spiritum: tura naribus, H.: pocula, H.: somnos, V.: ab ipso animum ferro, H. — To produce, form, construct, make, fashion, shape, mould, cast, dispose: parietem per vestibulum sororis, to erect: muros, H.: vallum ex castris ad aquam, Cs.: voltūs de marmore, V.: aera, H.: (litteram) in pulvere, draw, O.: mores, Iu.: alapam sibi gravem, Ph.: epos, spin out, H.: carmen, O.: Pocula ducentia somnos, H.— Of processions, etc., to conduct, marshal, lead, accompany: funus: triumphos, V.: choros, H.: ludos et inania honoris, Ta. — To receive, admit, take, get, assume: ubi primum ducta cicatrix (i. e. obducta), L.: rimam, O.: colorem, V.: pallorem, to grow pale, O.: Cānentem senectam, V.: nomina, H. — Fig., to lead, guide, draw, conduct: quo te sapientia duceret, H.: Ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam (i. e. ut cessat), H.: Triste per augurium pectora, i. e. fill with forebodings, V.: totum poëma, carries off, i. e. makes acceptable, H.: series rerum ducta ab origine gentis, followed, V.— To draw, deduce, derive: ab aliquā re totius vitae exordium: ab dis inmortalibus principia: genus Olympo, V.: utrumque (amor et amicitia) ductum est ab amando.— To lead, move, incite, induce, allure, charm: me ad credendum: ducit te species, H.: Quo ducit gula, H.: lumina in errorem, O.: si quis earum (statuarum) honore ducitur. — To mislead, cheat, deceive: me istis dictis, T.: lino et hamis piscīs, O.—In time, to draw out, extend, protract, prolong, spend: bellum, Cs.: in ducendo bello tempus terere, L.: longas in fletum voces, V.: rem prope in noctem, Cs.: ut ita tempus duceretur, ut, etc.: vitam, live long, V.: ubi se diutius duci intellexit, put off, Cs.: aetatem in litteris, spend. — To calculate, compute, reckon: quoniam XC medimnūm duximus. — To reckon, consider, hold, account, esteem, regard: eum hominem, T.: filium adsistere turpe ducunt, Cs.: pericula parvi esse ducenda: ea pro falsis ducit, S.: si quis despicatui ducitur: deorum numero eos ducunt Cs.: modestiam in conscientiam, construe as, S.: nil rectum nisi quod placuit sibi, H.: Sic equidem ducebam animo futurum, V.: omnia tua in te posita esse: quae mox usu fore ducebat, expected, S.— To regard, care for, have respect to (only with rationem): suam quoque rationem ducere, one's own advantage: non ullius rationem sui commodi.
    * * *
    I
    ducere, additional forms V
    lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolong
    II
    ducere, duxi, ductus V
    lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolong

    Latin-English dictionary > dūcō

  • 14 emō

        emō ēmī, ēmptus, ere    [EM-], to buy, purchase: domum: mulierem a sectoribus: bene, cheap: male, dear: care, H.: tabernas in publicum, for the public, L.: fundum in diem, on credit, N.: quanti emptast, T.: emit tanti, quanti voluit, etc.: aut non minoris aut pluris: bona duobus milibus nummum. — Fig., to buy, buy up, purchase, pay for, gain, acquire, procure, obtain: spem pretio, T.: fidem: iudices, to bribe: Te sibi generum Tethys emat undis, V.: me dote, O.: pulmenta laboribus empta, H.: percussorem in alqm, Cu.
    * * *
    I
    emere, additional forms V
    buy; gain, acquire, obtain
    II
    emere, emi, emptus V
    buy; gain, acquire, obtain

    Latin-English dictionary > emō

  • 15 faciō

        faciō fēcī (old fut perf. faxo; subj. faxim), factus, ere; imper. fac (old, face); pass. fīō, fierī; pass imper. fī    [2 FAC-], to make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect, produce, compose: Lectulos faciundos dedit, T.: navīs: candelabrum factum e gemmis: de marmore signum, O.: pontem in Arare, Cs.: (fanum) a civitatibus factum, founded, L.: duumviri ad aedem faciendam, L.: statuam faciendam locare: (valvae) ad cludendum factae: comoedias, T.: sermonem: epigramma: verbum, speak: carmina, Iu.: scutis ex cortice factis, Cs.: auri pondera facti, wrought, V.—Of actions, to do, perform, make, carry on, execute: Opus, T.: officium, T.: Si tibi quid feci quod placeat, T.: proelium, join, Cs.: iter, Cs.: clamores: clamor fit: eruptiones ex oppido, Cs.: gradum: imperata, Cs.: promissum, fulfil: iudicium: deditionem, S.: fac periclum in litteris, put (him) to the test, T.: me advorsum omnia, oppose me in everything, T.: omnia amici causā: multa crudeliter, N.: initium, begin: praeter aetatem Facere, work too hard for your years, T.: perfacile factu esse, conata perficere, Cs.— To make, produce, cause, occasion, bring about, bring to pass: turbam, T.: ignem ex lignis: iniuriam, Cs.: causas morae, S.: ducis admirationem, excite, L.: luxuriae modum, impose, S.: fugam ex ripā fecit (i. e. fugavit), L.: somnum, induce, Iu.: metum insidiarum, excite, L.: silentio facto, L.: ne qua eius adventūs significatio fiat, become known, Cs.: faciam ut intellegatis: facito, ut sciam: putasne te posse facere, ut, etc.?: fieri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, it may happen: ita fit, ut adsint, it happens: faciendum mihi est, ut exponam, is incumbent: me Facit ut te moneam, compels, T.: facere non possum, quin mittam, etc., I cannot forbear: di faxint ne sit alter (cui, etc.): fac ne quid aliud cures, take care: domi adsitis, facite, T.: ita fac cupidus sis, ut, etc., be sure: iam faxo scies, T.: nulla res magis talīs oratores videri facit, quales, etc. (i. e. ut viderentur): hoc me Flere facit, O.— To make, acquire, obtain, gather, accumulate, gain, take, receive, incur, suffer: rem, T.: praedam, Cs.: pecuniam: stipendia, earn, S.: corhortīs, form, Cs.: corpus, grow fat, Ph.: viam sibi, force, L.: alqm suum, win as a friend, T.: terram suam, i. e. conquer, Cs.: vitae iacturam, Cs.: naufragium: damnum.— To make, render, grant, give, impart, confer: arbitria, H.: potestatem dicendi: sibi iure iurando fidem, give assurance, Cs.: Romanis animum, inspire, L.: copiam pugnandi militibus, L.: audientiam orationi: cui si libido Fecerit auspicium, i. e. if the whim seize him, H.: cognomen colli, L.: mihi medicinam, administer: nobis otia, V.: alcui dolorem: desiderium decemviros creandi, L.— To celebrate, conduct, give, perform, represent: cenas: res divinas: sacra pro civibus: cui (Iunoni), make offerings: vitulā pro frugibus, make sacrifice, V.: cum pro populo fieret: ut fieret, edere, L. — To practise, follow: naviculariam: mercaturas.— To make, depict, represent, assert, say, pretend: in libro se exeuntem e senatu: pugnam ex auro, V.: me unum ex iis feci, qui, etc., pretended to be: ex industriā factus ad imitationem stultitiae, L.: inpendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo: Fecerat et fetam Procubuisse lupam, V.: facio me alias res agere, make as if.—To suppose, assume, grant, admit (only imper. with obj clause): fac audisse (Glauciam): fac ita esse: fac (me) velle, V.— To make, constitute, choose, appoint, render: senatum firmiorem vestrā auctoritate: heredem filiam: exercitum sibi fidum, S.: iter factum conruptius imbri, H.: hi consules facti sunt: ex coriis utres fierent, S.: Candida de nigris, O.: si ille factus esset, had been chosen (consul): alqm certiorem facere, inform ; see certus: ne hoc quidem sibi reliqui facit, ut, etc., does not leave himself so much character.—Pass., to become, be turned into, be made: fit Aurum ingens coluber, V.: sua cuique deus fit dira cupido? V.— To put in possession of, subject to, refer to: omnia quae mulieris fuerunt, viri fiunt: omnem oram Romanae dicionis fecit, L.: dicionis alienae facti, L.— To value, esteem, regard, appraise, prize: parum id facio, S.: te maxumi, T.: quos plurimi faciunt: voluptatem minimi: dolorem nihili: istuc Aequi bonique facio, am content with, T.— To do (resuming the meaning of another verb): cessas ire ac facere, i. e. do as I say, T.: oppidani bellum parare: idem nostri facere, S.: ‘evolve eius librum’—‘Feci mehercule:’ bestiae simile quiddam faciunt (i. e. patiuntur): aut facere aut non promisse, Ct.: Sicuti fieri consuevit, to happen, S.— To do, act, deal, conduct oneself: Facere contra huic aegre, T.: tuis dignum factis feceris, will act like yourself, T.: bene: adroganter, Cs.: per malitiam, with malice: aliter, S.: facere quam dicere malle, act, S.: mature facto opus est, prompt action, S. — To act, take part, take sides: idem plebes facit, S.: idem sentire et secum facere Sullam: cum veritas cum hoc faciat, is on his side: nihilo magis ab adversariis quam a nobis: eae res contra nos faciunt: adversus quos fecerint, N.— To arrange, adjust, set: Vela, spread, V.: pedem, brace, V.— To be fit, be useful, make, serve, answer, do: Ad talem formam non facit iste locus, O.: ad scelus omne, O.: Stemmata quid faciunt? avail, Iu.
    * * *
    I
    facere, additional forms V
    do, make; create; acquire; cause, bring about, fashion; compose; accomplish
    II
    facere, feci, factus V
    do, make; create; acquire; cause, bring about, fashion; compose; accomplish

    Latin-English dictionary > faciō

  • 16 īdem

        īdem eadem, idem (gen. ēiusdem; plur nom. eīdem or īdem; dat. and abl. eīsdem or īsdem; the forms eōdem, eādem, eundem, etc., often disyl. in poetry), pron.    [2 I-+-dem (demonstr. suffix)], the same: Ille... praesens absensque idem erit, T.: īsdem legibus uti, Cs.: semper idem voltus: eodem modo omnīs causas agere: ad causas simillimas vel potius easdem: eodem tempore, Cs.: Non eadem est aetas, is changed, H.: tamquam alter idem, a second self: idem velle atque idem nolle, S.—Introducing an additional predicate, at the same time, likewise, also, furthermore: hoc idem reliquis deinceps fit diebus, Cs.: oratio grandis et eadem in primis faceta: vir innocentissimus idemque doctissimus: hiemes reducit Iuppiter, idem Submovet, H.: (Epicurus) cum optimam naturam dei dicat esse, negat idem esse in deo gratiam, nevertheless: Aedificas... et idem rides, etc., H. —With emphatic pronouns, also, the same, very, besides, at the same time: idem ego ille... idem inquam ego recreavi, etc.: ego idem, qui, etc.: cedo nunc eiusdem illius inimici mei de me eodem contionem: idem rex ille, qui, the very same, H.: cum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent: idem iste Mithridates: ut verset saepe eandem et unam rem.—In comparisons, the same as, identical with, of the same meaning as: haec eodem tempore mandata referebantur, et legati veniebant, Cs.: vitast eadem ac fuit, T.: qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent, at the same time: eisdem fere verbis, ut actum disputatumque est: eādem ratione quā pridie resistitur, Cs.: idem abeunt, qui venerant: non quo idem sit servulus quod familia: tibi idem consili do, quod, etc.: fit idem, quasi natus non esset omnino: tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum: Invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti, H.: quod non idem illis censuissemus.
    * * *
    eadem, idem PRON
    (w/-dem ONLY, idem, eadem, idem) same, the same, the very same, also

    Latin-English dictionary > īdem

  • 17 intellegō

        intellegō (not intelligō), ēxī (intellēxtī, T., C.; intellēgit, S.), ēctus    [inter+lego], to come to know, see into, perceive, understand, discern, comprehend, gather: quod ubi intellexi: id quod omnes intellegunt: cum sententia interdicti intellegatur: non intellecta vox, O.: magna ex parvis: ut quid agam intellegas, T.: utrum apud nos officium an timor valeret, Cs.: Quanti me facias, H.: corpus quid sit: ferre me posse intellego: facile intellectu est, N.: intellegi necesse est, esse deos.—Colloq.: intellego, I understand, take, T.—To understand, be master of: Faciuntne intellegendo ut nihil intellegant? i. e. criticise so keenly, T.: non multum in istis rebus: linguam avium: quantum ego Graece scripta intellegere possum.—To see, perceive, discern: quā re hostis adesse intellegitur, S.: ubi neque cohortationes suas neque preces audiri intellegit, Cs.: intellego, quid loquar.
    * * *
    I
    intellegere, additional, forms V
    understand; realize
    II
    intellegere, intellexi, intellectus V
    understand; realize

    Latin-English dictionary > intellegō

  • 18 locō

        locō āvī (locāssint, for locāverint, C.), ātus, āre    [locus], to place, put, lay, set, dispose, arrange: cohortes in fronte, S.: cadavera in arcā, N.: crates adversas locari iubet, Cs.: cum sol ita locatus fuisset, ut, etc.: Fundamenta (urbis), V.: litore Moenia, V.: vicos, Ta.: stipendium, S.—Fig., to place, put, set, lay, fix, establish, constitute: inter recte factum atque peccatum media locabat quaedam: eo loco locati sumus, ut, etc.: prudentia est locata in delectu bonorum et malorum, consists in.—To place in marriage, give away, give in marriage, marry: filiam suam, T.: nuptum virginem adulescenti, T.— To let, lease, hire, farm out: vectigalia: agrum frumento, L.: fundum: vocem, i. e. rant for pay (on the stage), Iu.: disciplina (histrionis) locabat se non minus HS CCCI[C ][C ][C ], yielded.—To give out on contract, contract for making, have done by contract: statuam faciendam: anseribus cibaria publice locantur (sc. praebenda): Iunoni templum (sc. exstruendum), L.: secanda marmora, H. — To put out, place profitably: beneficia apud gratos, L.: Bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. C.
    * * *
    I
    for, in the place of, instead of
    II
    locare, additional forms V
    place, put, station; arrange; contract (for); farm out (taxes) on contract
    III
    locare, locavi, locatus V
    place, put, station; arrange; contract (for); farm out (taxes) on contract

    Latin-English dictionary > locō

  • 19 māgmentārius

        māgmentārius adj.    [1 MAC-], for additional sacrifices.—As subst n. (sc. sacellum): Telluris.

    Latin-English dictionary > māgmentārius

  • 20 mittō

        mittō mīsī (mīstī, for mīsistī, Ct.), missus, ere    [MIT-], to cause to go, let go, send, send off, despatch: ad Troiam ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. C.: alquem ad hoc negotium, S.: illum pro consule mittere: legatos de deditione ad eum, Cs.: Tanaim neci, V.: in possessionem, put in possession: filium foras ad propinquum mittit ad cenam, sends out: sub iugum, send under the yoke, Cs.: sub iugo, L.: legatos qui dicerent, esse, etc., Cs.: miserunt qui emerent, etc.: legatos rogatum auxilium, Cs.: Delphos consultum, N.: legati missi postulantes, etc., L.: Eurypylum scitantem oracula Mittimus, V.: in Oceanum me quaerere gemmas, Pr.: misit orare, ut venirem, T.— To send word, announce, tell, report, advise, send orders: tibi salutem, send greeting, O.: nuntios ad eum, velle, etc., S.: legatos ad me, se venturum, send me word that: ad conlegam mittit, opus esse exercitu, L.: in Siciliam misit, ut equitatus mitteretur, Cs.: Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur: mitti ad principes placuit, ut secernerent se ab Etruscis, L.— To send as a compliment, dedicate, inscribe: liber ab eo ad Balbum missus: librum ad te de senectute.— To send, yield, produce, furnish, export: India mittit ebur, V.: (Padus) electra nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis, O.— To dismiss, forget, put away: odium, L.: levīs spes, H.: missam iram facere, T.: certamen, end, V.—In speaking, to pass over, pass by, dismiss, omit, give over, cease, forbear: mitte id quod scio, dic quod rogo, never mind what, etc., T.: mitto proelia: mitto ea, quae, etc., V.: mitte sectari, etc., do not, H.: Cetera mitte loqui, H.: illud dicere: pro nobis mitte precari, O.: mitto, quid tum sit actum: mitto, quod fueris, etc.: mitto de amissā maximā parte exercitūs (sc. dicere): missos facere quaestūs trienni. — To let go, let loose, quit, release, dismiss: carceribus missi currūs, H.: cutem, H.: mitte me, let me alone, T.: nos missos face, have done with us, T.: missus abibis, scot-free, H.: misso senatu, Cs.: ex oppido mitti, be let out, Cs.: missum fieri, be set at liberty, N.: amicos in negotium, to set up in business: sub titulum lares, put a bill on the house, i. e. offer for sale, O.: in consilium, i. e. send the judges to make their verdict: se in foedera, enter into, V.: me in iambos, drive, H.: missos faciant honores, renounce.—To let out, put forth, send out, emit: sanguinem provinciae, bleed, i. e. exhaust: serpens sibila misit, O.: vocem pro me nemo mittit, speaks a word: vocem liberam, speak with freedom, L.: Thyesteas preces, H.: Afranianos sui timoris signa misisse, showed signs of fear, Cs. — To send, throw, hurl, cast, launch: tanta caelo missa vis aquae, S.: pila, Cs.: fulmina, H.: se saxo ab alto, cast down, O.: se in aquas, O.: retia misit, cast, Iu.: talos in phimum, H.: panem cani, Ph.: panem, throw away, Cs.: aquas, sprinkle, O.: rosa missa, let fall, O.— To attend, guide, escort: (animas) sub Tartara, V.
    * * *
    I
    mittere, additional forms V
    send, throw, hurl, cast; let out, release, dismiss; disregard
    II
    mittere, misi, missus V
    send, throw, hurl, cast; let out, release, dismiss; disregard

    Latin-English dictionary > mittō

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