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1 abripio
abrĭpĭo, ĕre, rĭpŭi, reptum [ab + rapio] - tr. - [st2]1 [-] emmener de force, arracher, enlever, entraîner, emporter violemment. [st2]2 [-] détacher de, ravir, détourner. - abripere aliquem de convivio in vincla atque in tenebras, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10: emmener qqn de force du banquet à la prison ténébreuse. - arma vi fluminis arrepta, Caes. BC. 1, 64, 6: armes emportées par la violence du fleuve. - (filium) etiam si natura a parentis similitudine abriperet, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12: (fils) même si la nature l’entraînait à ne pas ressembler à son père. - a tribunali abripere, Cic. Verr. 5, 17: arracher du tribunal. - avec dat. pecora litori abrepta Plin. Ep 8, 20, 8, troupeaux arrachés au rivage. - Romulum etiamsi natura ad humanum exitum abripuit, Cic. Rep. 1, 25: Romulus, quoique la nature l’ait emporté brusquement vers une fin mortelle. - repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terra abripuit, Cic. de Or. 3, 145: soudain, pour ainsi dire, le flot impétueux de ton génie t’a entraîné loin du rivage. - voluntate omnes tecum fuerunt, tempestate abreptus est unus, Cic. Lig. 12: tous (les trois) étaient de coeur avec toi: un seul a été écarté par la tempête. - se abripere: s’esquiver, se dérober. - abripuit sese subito, Plaut.: il s'est esquivé en un clin d'oeil. - cf. Liv. 22, 6, 10 ; Suet. Tib. 45.* * *abrĭpĭo, ĕre, rĭpŭi, reptum [ab + rapio] - tr. - [st2]1 [-] emmener de force, arracher, enlever, entraîner, emporter violemment. [st2]2 [-] détacher de, ravir, détourner. - abripere aliquem de convivio in vincla atque in tenebras, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10: emmener qqn de force du banquet à la prison ténébreuse. - arma vi fluminis arrepta, Caes. BC. 1, 64, 6: armes emportées par la violence du fleuve. - (filium) etiam si natura a parentis similitudine abriperet, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12: (fils) même si la nature l’entraînait à ne pas ressembler à son père. - a tribunali abripere, Cic. Verr. 5, 17: arracher du tribunal. - avec dat. pecora litori abrepta Plin. Ep 8, 20, 8, troupeaux arrachés au rivage. - Romulum etiamsi natura ad humanum exitum abripuit, Cic. Rep. 1, 25: Romulus, quoique la nature l’ait emporté brusquement vers une fin mortelle. - repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terra abripuit, Cic. de Or. 3, 145: soudain, pour ainsi dire, le flot impétueux de ton génie t’a entraîné loin du rivage. - voluntate omnes tecum fuerunt, tempestate abreptus est unus, Cic. Lig. 12: tous (les trois) étaient de coeur avec toi: un seul a été écarté par la tempête. - se abripere: s’esquiver, se dérober. - abripuit sese subito, Plaut.: il s'est esquivé en un clin d'oeil. - cf. Liv. 22, 6, 10 ; Suet. Tib. 45.* * *Abripio, abripis, pen. cor. abripui, abreptum, abripere, Ex ab, et rapio. Plin. Ravir, Oster par force.\Aliquem a terra abripere. Cic. Le ravir de terre, et l'emporter en l'air.\A complexu abripere, vele, aut ex complexu. Liu. Arracher d'entre les bras.\Abripere, Emmener par force.\In vincula atque in tenebras abripi iussit. Cic. En prison.\Etiam si natura eum a parentis similitudine abriperet. Cic. Combien que nature l'esloignast de la semblance de son pere, Combien que de sa nature il ne resemblast à son pere.\Sese abripere. Plaut. Se desrober soubdain et s'enfuir. -
2 abripiō
abripiō ripuī, reptus, ere [ab + rapio], to take forcibly away, snatch away, tear from, force off: puella ex Atticā hinc abrepta, stolen, T.: filios e complexu parentum: alqm de convivio in vincla atque in tenebras: (milites) vi fluminis abrepti, Cs.: aliquem ad quaestionem: iam intro abripiere, shall be dragged, T.: sublatis signis se, to run away, L.—Of property, to dissipate, squander: quod ille compersit miser, id illa univorsum abripiet, will snatch away in a lump, T.—Fig., to carry off, remove, detach: tempestate abreptus: (filium) si natura a parentis similitudine abriperet, i. e. made unlike him.* * *abripere, abripui, abreptus V TRANSdrag/snatch/carry/remove away by force; wash/blow away (storm); abduct, kidnap -
3 abripio
ab-ripio, ripuī, reptum, ere [ rapio ]1)а) (поспешно) уносить, утаскивать, тащить ( aliquem in vincula C); насильно уводить ( aliquem in servitutem bAfr); вырывать, исторгать (е complexu parentum L); отрывать, отторгать ( partem ab āliqua re C)a. aliquid mordicus Pl или morsu Ph — откусить что-лб) влечь, увлекать ( aliquem ad aliquid C); уносить, сносить (abripi tempestate C, Q, L и vi fluminis Cs)se a. — вырываться, устремляться, бросаться (se a. foras Pl, se a. domum Su); охватывать ( pavor aliquem abripit T); брать с бою, захватывать ( equos armaque T)2) грабить, похищать ( simulacra numinum T); умыкать, похищать (virginem, conjugem Cs, C etc.)a. a similitudine alicujus C — лишать сходства с кем-л. -
4 abripio
ab-ripio, ripuī, reptum, ere (ab u. rapio), fortraffen, I) fortraffen, fortreißen = von hinnen führen, fortführen, a) eig.: tres naves (v. Sturm), Verg.: beluam, verschlingen (v. Meere), Curt.: coniugem, in weite Ferne führen, Ov.: alqm procul a terra (im Bilde), Cic.: tempestate abripi, Quint. u. (im Bilde) Cic.: abripi vi fluminis, Caes.: abripi vi tempestatis ex Indicis aequoribus, Mela: abripi tempestatibus in Germaniam, Plin.: abripi tempestate ab Africa ad insulam Aegimurum, verschlagen werden, Liv.: abreptus pulchro caedum amore, Sil.: m. Dat., pecora litori abrepta, Plin. ep. 8, 20, 8: v. abstr. Subjj., cum dispersos pavor fugientium abriperet (mit sich fortriß), Tac. – dah. se abr., sich aus dem Staube machen, das Weite suchen, repente sese subito, Plaut.: se foras, Plaut.: sublatis signis se abr., Liv.: domum se abr., Suet. – b) übtr.: alqm a similitudine patris, von der Ä. mit dem V. weit entfernen, Cic. Verr. 5, 30: Romulum si natura ad humanum exitum abripuit, zu einem m. Ende hinausführte, ein m. Ende finden ließ, Cic. de rep. 1, 25: quos leves ob causas damnationis incursus abripuit, die V. rasch ereilte, Val. Max. 8, 1. damn. 5. – II) gewaltsam fortraffen, A) abbeißend usw. = abreißen, nasum mordicus, abbeißen, Plaut. Men. 195: articulos morsu, Phaedr. 6, 28, 5: nodum (v. einem Hunde), Pers. 5, 159. – B) wegnehmend od. wegführend fortreißen, 1) wegnehmend = wegreißen, entreißen, wegnehmen, abnehmen, rauben, corpus, Verg.: quaedam signa (Feldzeichen), Tac.: equos armaquae, Tac.: non dona (Weihgeschenke) tantum, sed simulacra numinum, Tac.: quae regi portarentur, abripiebat, Nep.: quod ille unciatim vix de demenso suo compersit miser, id illa universum abripiet, Ter.: übtr., quā sacer abripitur caeco descensus hiatu, unterbrochen wird, Prop. 4, 8, 5: abrepto amore, der L. beraubt, Prop.1, 13, 2. – 2) wegführend = fortreißen, fortschleppen, a) übh.: alqm intro, Ter.: alqm intro inter manus, Plaut.: alqm inde, Cic.: Cappadocem de grege venalium, Cic.: m. Dat., Antonium simulacro Divi Iuli, Suet. Aug. 17, 5. – b) zur Haft, zur Strafe usw. fortschleppen, alqm, Cic. u.a.: alqm a tribunali, Cic.: alqm de convivio in vincula, Cic: alqm hinc in cruciatum, Ter.: alqm ad quaestionem, Cic.: indemnatum et intestatum abripi, Plaut. Vgl. Garatoni zu Cic. Mil. 22, 69. p. 245 ed. Orell. – c) entführend, raubend fortschleppen, wegführen, entführen, rauben, eam (novam nuptam), Plaut.: familias, Cic.: omnes eius gentis cives, Nep.: coniugem (die Geliebte), Prop.: coniuges ad libita Caesarum, Tac.: Cererem, Cic.: parvolam hinc, Ter.: ex eo loco virginem, Cic.: parvolam (puellam) e Sunio, ex Attica hinc, Ter.: filios e complexu parentum, Cic.: virginem a complexu patris, Liv.: liberos eorum obsidum nomine in servitutem, Auct. b. Afr.
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5 abripio
ab-ripio, ripuī, reptum, ere (ab u. rapio), fortraffen, I) fortraffen, fortreißen = von hinnen führen, fortführen, a) eig.: tres naves (v. Sturm), Verg.: beluam, verschlingen (v. Meere), Curt.: coniugem, in weite Ferne führen, Ov.: alqm procul a terra (im Bilde), Cic.: tempestate abripi, Quint. u. (im Bilde) Cic.: abripi vi fluminis, Caes.: abripi vi tempestatis ex Indicis aequoribus, Mela: abripi tempestatibus in Germaniam, Plin.: abripi tempestate ab Africa ad insulam Aegimurum, verschlagen werden, Liv.: abreptus pulchro caedum amore, Sil.: m. Dat., pecora litori abrepta, Plin. ep. 8, 20, 8: v. abstr. Subjj., cum dispersos pavor fugientium abriperet (mit sich fortriß), Tac. – dah. se abr., sich aus dem Staube machen, das Weite suchen, repente sese subito, Plaut.: se foras, Plaut.: sublatis signis se abr., Liv.: domum se abr., Suet. – b) übtr.: alqm a similitudine patris, von der Ä. mit dem V. weit entfernen, Cic. Verr. 5, 30: Romulum si natura ad humanum exitum abripuit, zu einem m. Ende hinausführte, ein m. Ende finden ließ, Cic. de rep. 1, 25: quos leves ob causas damnationis incursus abripuit, die V. rasch ereilte, Val. Max. 8, 1. damn. 5. – II) gewaltsam fortraffen, A) abbeißend usw. = abreißen, nasum mordicus, abbeißen, Plaut. Men. 195: articulos morsu, Phaedr. 6, 28, 5: nodum (v. einem Hunde), Pers. 5, 159. – B) weg-————nehmend od. wegführend fortreißen, 1) wegnehmend = wegreißen, entreißen, wegnehmen, abnehmen, rauben, corpus, Verg.: quaedam signa (Feldzeichen), Tac.: equos armaquae, Tac.: non dona (Weihgeschenke) tantum, sed simulacra numinum, Tac.: quae regi portarentur, abripiebat, Nep.: quod ille unciatim vix de demenso suo compersit miser, id illa universum abripiet, Ter.: übtr., quā sacer abripitur caeco descensus hiatu, unterbrochen wird, Prop. 4, 8, 5: abrepto amore, der L. beraubt, Prop.1, 13, 2. – 2) wegführend = fortreißen, fortschleppen, a) übh.: alqm intro, Ter.: alqm intro inter manus, Plaut.: alqm inde, Cic.: Cappadocem de grege venalium, Cic.: m. Dat., Antonium simulacro Divi Iuli, Suet. Aug. 17, 5. – b) zur Haft, zur Strafe usw. fortschleppen, alqm, Cic. u.a.: alqm a tribunali, Cic.: alqm de convivio in vincula, Cic: alqm hinc in cruciatum, Ter.: alqm ad quaestionem, Cic.: indemnatum et intestatum abripi, Plaut. Vgl. Garatoni zu Cic. Mil. 22, 69. p. 245 ed. Orell. – c) entführend, raubend fortschleppen, wegführen, entführen, rauben, eam (novam nuptam), Plaut.: familias, Cic.: omnes eius gentis cives, Nep.: coniugem (die Geliebte), Prop.: coniuges ad libita Caesarum, Tac.: Cererem, Cic.: parvolam hinc, Ter.: ex eo loco virginem, Cic.: parvolam (puellam) e Sunio, ex Attica hinc, Ter.: filios e complexu parentum, Cic.: virginem a complexu patris, Liv.: li-————beros eorum obsidum nomine in servitutem, Auct. b. Afr. -
6 abripio
ab-rĭpĭo, pui, eptum, 3, v. a. [rapio], to take away by violence, to drag away, to tear off or away (stronger than its synn. abduco, abigo, abstraho).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.abripite hunc intro actutum inter manus,
hurry him away, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 38:puella ex Atticā hinc abrepta,
stolen, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 30; cf.:abreptam ex eo loco virginem secum asportāsse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:de convivio in vincla atque in tenebras,
id. ib. 2, 4, 10, §24: ab complexu alicujus,
Liv. 3, 57, 3:milites vi fluminis abrepti,
Caes. B. C. 1, 64; cf. Mel. 3, 5, 8; Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 170; Verg. A. 1, 108:aliquem ad quaestionem,
Cic. Clu. 33, 89; cf.:aliquem ad humanum exitum,
id. Rep. 1, 16 fin.; with acc. only:Cererem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 111:cives,
Nep. Milt. 4, 2:aliquid,
id. Dat. 4, 2: abripere se, to run, scamper away:ita abripuit repente sese subito,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 21; so id. Curc. 5, 1, 8.—Transf., of property, to dissipate, squander:II.quod ille compersit miser, id illa univorsum abripiet,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 11.—Trop., to carry off, remove, detach:repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terrā abripuit atque in altum... abstraxit,
Cic. de Or. 3, 36, 145: voluntate omnes tecum fuerunt;tempestate abreptus est unus,
id. Lig. 12, 34 (the figure taken from those driven away in a storm at sea); so,abreptus amore caedum,
Sil. 5, 229; cf. id. 6, 332:(filium) etiam si natura a parentis similitudine abriperet,
i.e. made unlike him, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12. -
7 abreptus
a, um part. pf. к abripio -
8 abreptus
abreptus, ūs, m. (abripio), die Entführung eines Mädchens, Schol. in Caes. Germ. Arat. p. 396, 4 ed. Eyss.
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9 abreptus
[st1]1 [-] abreptus, a, um: part. passé de abripio; entraîné, arraché, emporté. [st1]2 [-] abreptŭs, ūs, m.: enlèvement. -
10 abreptus
abreptus, ūs, m. (abripio), die Entführung eines Mädchens, Schol. in Caes. Germ. Arat. p. 396, 4 ed. Eyss.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > abreptus
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11 abreptus
abreptus P. of abripio. -
12 A
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah. -
13 a
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah. -
14 abreptus
abreptus, a, um, Part. of abripio. -
15 avello
ā-vello, velli or vulsi, vulsum or volsum, 3, v. a. ( pluperf. avellerat, Curt. 5, 6, 5; perf. avulsi, Luc. 9, 764), to tear off or away, to pull or rend off (syn.: abripio, eximo).I.In gen. (class.):II.avellere tigna trabesque,
to tear away planks and beams, Lucr. 6, 241:avolsaque saxa Montibus,
the rocks rent from the mountains, id. 4, 141:avolsum umeris caput,
Verg. A. 2, 558; so Ov. M. 3, 727; 2, 358:avolsos silices a montibus altis,
Lucr. 5, 313:avolsus radicibus oculus,
id. 3, 563: poma ex arboribus, si cruda sunt, vix avelluntur;si matura et cocta, decidunt,
Cic. Sen. 19, 71; id. Verr. 2, 4, 49 fin.:Cum ripa simul avolsos ferat Aufidus acer,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 58; 2, 8, 89:Avellit frondes,
Ov. M. 2, 351:summitatem frondium ejus avulsit,
Vulg. Ezech. 17, 4 al.:Ex eā avolsa postea Therasia,
Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 70:Euboea avolsa Boeotiae,
id. 4, 12, 21, § 63.—Esp.A.To take away by force, to tear away:B.rus ab aliquo,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 14:pretium alicui,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 104:fatale sacrato avellere templo Palladium,
Verg. A. 2, 165:fundum emptori,
Dig. 23, 7, 17; 40, 7, 3:avellamus eum ad nos,
Vulg. Isa. 7, 6;so of carrying off the bride,
Cat. 62, 21 Ellis.—To separate from something by pulling, to part, to remove:aliquem de matris complexu avellere atque abstrahere,
Cic. Font. 17:ab uberibus avellere,
to wean, Vulg. Isa. 28, 9:ut sperem posse (eum) avelli,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 21:Non potes avelli! simul, ah, simul ibimus, inquit,
Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 81:complexu avolsus Iuli,
Verg. A. 4, 616:ut avellerentur castris,
Tac. A. 1, 44: se, to tear one ' s self away, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 39.— And in pass. without the notion of violence, to withdraw:Et ipse avulsus est ab eis,
Vulg. Luc. 22, 41 Tisch.— Trop.:aliquem a tanto errore,
Cic. Off. 3, 4, 83. -
16 CARRY AWAY
[V]ABRIPIO (-ERE -RIPUI -REPTUM)FERO (FERRE TULI LATUM)AUFERO (AUFERRE ABSTULI ABLATUM)DEFERO (-FERRE -TULI -LATUM)EFFERO (EFFERRE EXTULI ELATUM)ECFERO (ECFERRE EXTULI ELATUM)AVEHO (-ERE -VEXI -VECTUM)DEVEHO (-ERE -VEXI -VECTUM)DEPORTO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)MIGRO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)EGERO (-ERE -GESSI -GESTUM)RAPIO (-ERE RAPUI RAPTUM)ABSORBEO (-ERE -SORBUI -SORPTUM) -
17 TEAR AWAY
[V]DERIPIO (-ERE -RIPUI -REPTUM)ABRIPIO (-ERE -RIPUI -REPTUM)RAPIO (-ERE RAPUI RAPTUM)ERIPIO (-ERE -RIPUI -REPTUM)REVELLO (-ERE -VELLI -VULSUM)AVELLO (-ERE -VELLI -VULSUM)EXTURBO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
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