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caena

  • 1 caena

    caena nebst den Abgeleiteten, s. cēna etc.

    lateinisch-deutsches > caena

  • 2 caena

    caena nebst den Abgeleiteten, s. cena etc.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > caena

  • 3 caena

    caena and its derivv., v. cena, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caena

  • 4 caena

    caena (coe-), ae, f., dinner, supper; feast.

    English-Latin new dictionary > caena

  • 5 caena

    Латинско-русский словарь > caena

  • 6 caena

    dinner/supper, principle Roman meal (evening); course; meal; company at dinner

    Latin-English dictionary > caena

  • 7 caena, caenāculum, caenō

       caena, caenāculum, caenō    see cēn-.

    Latin-English dictionary > caena, caenāculum, caenō

  • 8 dapalis

    dapālis, e [st2]1 [-] relatif au festin des sacrifices. [st2]2 [-] abondant, copieux, somptueux (en parl. du repas).    - dapalis caena, Aus.: repas somptueux.
    * * *
    dapālis, e [st2]1 [-] relatif au festin des sacrifices. [st2]2 [-] abondant, copieux, somptueux (en parl. du repas).    - dapalis caena, Aus.: repas somptueux.
    * * *
        Dapalis, penul. prod. Adiectiuum: vt Dapalis coena. Plin. Un grand banquet ou magnifique.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > dapalis

  • 9 dubius

    dubĭus, a, um [st2]1 [-] qui va de côté et d'autre. [st2]2 [-] qui balance, qui doute, irrésolu, incertain, indécis, hésitant. [st2]3 [-] douteux, équivoque. [st2]4 [-] qui est en danger, malade. [st2]5 [-] critique, malheureux, difficile, dangereux.    - postquam fluctibus dubiis volui coeptum est mare, Liv. 37, 16, 4: quand la mer commença à être agitée par deux courants opposés.    - dubius sententiae (dubius consilii): indécis.    - spemque metumque inter dubii, Virg. En. 1, 218: partagés entre la crainte et l'espérance.    - non dubius sum quin + subj.: je ne doute pas que.    - haud dubium est quin: il n'est pas douteux que, il est clair que.    - dubium non est quin spoliarit, Cic.: il n'est pas douteux qu'il a dépouillé.    - non dubium est + prop. inf.: il n’est pas douteux que.    - dubius alicujus rei: incertain au propos de qqch.    - dubia victoria: victoire indécise.    - videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis? Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106: vois-tu donc que ce qui est douteux, on le prend pour certain?    - tempora dubia (res dubiae): circonstances critiques, moments difficiles.    - hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt, Virg. En. 7, 86: c'est ici que les peuples italiens viennent chercher des réponses dans les moments critiques.    - quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur, Sall. J. 94, 2: lieux qui paraissaient difficiles à escalader.    - dubio, adv. Apul. = dubie: d’une manière douteuse, d'une manière incertaine.    - nec dubio me lanceis illis vel venabulis membratim compilassent, Apul. M. 9: et il est hors de doute qu'avec leurs lances ou même leurs pieux, ils m'auraient dépecé membre à membre.    - dubia caena: un repas qui met dans l’embarras de choisir (= repas varié).    - mons erat ascensu dubius, Prop. 4, 4, 83: il y avait une montagne qu'il était difficile de gravir.    - voir dubium.
    * * *
    dubĭus, a, um [st2]1 [-] qui va de côté et d'autre. [st2]2 [-] qui balance, qui doute, irrésolu, incertain, indécis, hésitant. [st2]3 [-] douteux, équivoque. [st2]4 [-] qui est en danger, malade. [st2]5 [-] critique, malheureux, difficile, dangereux.    - postquam fluctibus dubiis volui coeptum est mare, Liv. 37, 16, 4: quand la mer commença à être agitée par deux courants opposés.    - dubius sententiae (dubius consilii): indécis.    - spemque metumque inter dubii, Virg. En. 1, 218: partagés entre la crainte et l'espérance.    - non dubius sum quin + subj.: je ne doute pas que.    - haud dubium est quin: il n'est pas douteux que, il est clair que.    - dubium non est quin spoliarit, Cic.: il n'est pas douteux qu'il a dépouillé.    - non dubium est + prop. inf.: il n’est pas douteux que.    - dubius alicujus rei: incertain au propos de qqch.    - dubia victoria: victoire indécise.    - videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis? Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106: vois-tu donc que ce qui est douteux, on le prend pour certain?    - tempora dubia (res dubiae): circonstances critiques, moments difficiles.    - hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt, Virg. En. 7, 86: c'est ici que les peuples italiens viennent chercher des réponses dans les moments critiques.    - quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur, Sall. J. 94, 2: lieux qui paraissaient difficiles à escalader.    - dubio, adv. Apul. = dubie: d’une manière douteuse, d'une manière incertaine.    - nec dubio me lanceis illis vel venabulis membratim compilassent, Apul. M. 9: et il est hors de doute qu'avec leurs lances ou même leurs pieux, ils m'auraient dépecé membre à membre.    - dubia caena: un repas qui met dans l’embarras de choisir (= repas varié).    - mons erat ascensu dubius, Prop. 4, 4, 83: il y avait une montagne qu'il était difficile de gravir.    - voir dubium.
    * * *
        Dubius, Adiectiuum. Liuius. Qui ha deux voyes, Doubteux, Incertain.
    \
        Dubio procul. Lucret. Sans doubte, Certainement.
    \
        Num dubium est quin si in re ipsa nihil, etc. Cic. Y a il doubte, etc.
    \
        Dubiumne id est? Terent. En doubte on?
    \
        Haud vel non dubium est quin, etc. Terent. Il n'y a point de doubte que, etc.
    \
        Dubium nemini est quin, etc. Cic. Personne ne doubte que, etc.
    \
        Et nunc credo esse dubium, quin tu id commissurus non fueris, etc. Cic. Et maintenant pensez qu'on doubte bien que, etc. Dict par mocquerie.
    \
        Sine dubio. Terent. Sans doubte, Sans faulte.
    \
        In dubio esse. Terent. Estre en doubte.
    \
        Non est in dubio. Plin. Il n'y a point de doubte.
    \
        Venire in dubium, quod et Venire in discrimen dicit Cicero. Terent. Estre et venir en danger.
    \
        Dubium argentum. Plaut. - accipe argentum hoc, Siquid erit dubium, immutabo. S'il y a quelque piece doubteuse.
    \
        Dubium caelum. Virgil. Quand l'air n'est point bien asseuré.
    \
        Coena dubia. Terent. Un banquet si abondant en diversité de viande, qu'on ne scait de laquelle prendre la premiere.
    \
        Lux. Senec. Entre chien et loup.
    \
        Rates dubiae. Ouid. Qui sont tousjours en doubte et danger.
    \
        Res dubiae. Virgil. Doubteuses et dangereuses.
    \
        Rumores dubii. Plin. iunior. Nouvelles incertaines.
    \
        Mihi tua salus dubia non est. Cic. Je ne fay point de doubte de ta sauveté.
    \
        Tempora Reipublicae dubia. Cic. Mauvais et dangereux.
    \
        Dubium nisui. Sallust. Doubteux et dangereux à entreprendre.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > dubius

  • 10 mundus

    [st1]1 [-] mundus, a, um: - [abcl][b]a - propre, net. - [abcl]b - élégant, raffiné, recherché. - [abcl]c - poli, gracieux (style). - [abcl]d - pur, purifié.[/b]    - munda caena, Hor.: table proprement servie.    - in mundo esse, Plaut.: être à la disposition, avoir à sa disposition, être sous la main.    - in mundo habere, Plaut.: avoir sous la main.    - mundi, ōrum, m. Cic.: les gens délicats, les gens élégants.    - mundior justo cultus, Liv.: parure trop affectée.    - mundus panis, Lampr.: pain blanc. [st1]2 [-] mundus, i, m.: - [abcl][b]a - parure, toilette. - [abcl]b - objets de toilette. - [abcl]c - instruments, outils, attirail. - [abcl]d - le monde, l'ensemble harmonieux du ciel, le firmament, l'univers, le globe terrestre, la terre habitée, les nations. - [abcl]e - Eccl. monde, siècle, vie séculaire. - [abcl]f - le monde infernal, l'enfer (par euphémisme).[/b]    - mundus muliebris, Liv.: les objets de la toilette des femmes.    - mundus caeli, Enn.: la voûte céleste.    - mundi innumerabiles, Cic.: des mondes innombrables.
    * * *
    [st1]1 [-] mundus, a, um: - [abcl][b]a - propre, net. - [abcl]b - élégant, raffiné, recherché. - [abcl]c - poli, gracieux (style). - [abcl]d - pur, purifié.[/b]    - munda caena, Hor.: table proprement servie.    - in mundo esse, Plaut.: être à la disposition, avoir à sa disposition, être sous la main.    - in mundo habere, Plaut.: avoir sous la main.    - mundi, ōrum, m. Cic.: les gens délicats, les gens élégants.    - mundior justo cultus, Liv.: parure trop affectée.    - mundus panis, Lampr.: pain blanc. [st1]2 [-] mundus, i, m.: - [abcl][b]a - parure, toilette. - [abcl]b - objets de toilette. - [abcl]c - instruments, outils, attirail. - [abcl]d - le monde, l'ensemble harmonieux du ciel, le firmament, l'univers, le globe terrestre, la terre habitée, les nations. - [abcl]e - Eccl. monde, siècle, vie séculaire. - [abcl]f - le monde infernal, l'enfer (par euphémisme).[/b]    - mundus muliebris, Liv.: les objets de la toilette des femmes.    - mundus caeli, Enn.: la voûte céleste.    - mundi innumerabiles, Cic.: des mondes innombrables.
    * * *
        Mundus, Adiectiuum. Terent. Net, Pur, Monde.
    \
        Mundus, mundi, Substantiuum. Liu. Toutes sortes d'ornements, joyaulx, et affiquets qu'ha une femme pour s'accoustrer et attifer, Son cabinet, Ses attours.
    \
        Mundus etiam dicitur caelum, et quicquid caeli ambitu continetur. Plin. Le ciel et tout le contenu en iceluy, Le monde.
    \
        Arx siderea mundi. Ouid. Le ciel.
    \
        Cardo mundi. Ouid. Le pol.
    \
        Declinationes mundi. Colum. Les climats du monde.
    \
        Moenia flammantia mundi. Lucret. Le circuit du ciel.
    \
        Vetustas arcana mundi. Stat. L'antiquité.
    \
        Triplex mundus. Ouid. Divisé en trois parts.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > mundus

  • 11 rectus

    rectus, a, um part. passé de rego. [st2]1 [-] gouverné, administré. [st2]2 [-] dressé, redressé. [st2]3 [-] droit (vertical ou horizontal), direct. [st2]4 [-] direct, simple, sans détours. [st2]5 [-] régulier, correct, complet. [st2]6 [-] raisonnable, sensé, judicieux. [st2]7 [-] droit, loyal, honnête, juste, bien. [st2]8 [-] qqf. ferme, inébranlable.    - recta (tunica): tunique droite (sans ceinture).    - recta (caena): repas dans les règles, repas complet.    - rectus casus, Quint.: le nominatif.    - rectum est + inf.: il est raisonnable de, il est juste de.    - recto ad Hiberum itinere contendunt, Caes.: ils vont droit vers l'Ebre.    - rectum, i, n. - [abcl]a - ligne droite. - [abcl]b - le bien, le juste, le droit, la droiture.    - nihil invenies rectius recto, Sen.: on ne peut rien trouver de plus droit que la droiture.    - ante oculos rectum stat, Ov.: le droit se dresse devant les yeux.    - recto, adv.: Inscr. directement, en doite ligne, tout droit.    - recta via, Plaut.: le droit chemin.    - rectā, adv. (s.-ent. viā): tout droit, en droite ligne, directement.    - erat in animo recta proficisci ad exercitum, Cic. Att. 4, 14, 2: j'ai l'intention d'aller tout droit à l'armée (erat: imparfait épistolaire).
    * * *
    rectus, a, um part. passé de rego. [st2]1 [-] gouverné, administré. [st2]2 [-] dressé, redressé. [st2]3 [-] droit (vertical ou horizontal), direct. [st2]4 [-] direct, simple, sans détours. [st2]5 [-] régulier, correct, complet. [st2]6 [-] raisonnable, sensé, judicieux. [st2]7 [-] droit, loyal, honnête, juste, bien. [st2]8 [-] qqf. ferme, inébranlable.    - recta (tunica): tunique droite (sans ceinture).    - recta (caena): repas dans les règles, repas complet.    - rectus casus, Quint.: le nominatif.    - rectum est + inf.: il est raisonnable de, il est juste de.    - recto ad Hiberum itinere contendunt, Caes.: ils vont droit vers l'Ebre.    - rectum, i, n. - [abcl]a - ligne droite. - [abcl]b - le bien, le juste, le droit, la droiture.    - nihil invenies rectius recto, Sen.: on ne peut rien trouver de plus droit que la droiture.    - ante oculos rectum stat, Ov.: le droit se dresse devant les yeux.    - recto, adv.: Inscr. directement, en doite ligne, tout droit.    - recta via, Plaut.: le droit chemin.    - rectā, adv. (s.-ent. viā): tout droit, en droite ligne, directement.    - erat in animo recta proficisci ad exercitum, Cic. Att. 4, 14, 2: j'ai l'intention d'aller tout droit à l'armée (erat: imparfait épistolaire).
    * * *
        Rectus, Participium. Regi, Gouverné.
    \
        Rectus, rectior, rectissimus, Nomen ex participio. Droict.
    \
        Coena recta. Sueton. Quand on tenoit maison ouverte à ceulx qui faisoyent la court.
    \
        Ius rectae coenae habere. Budaeus. Bouche à court.
    \
        Coma recta, cui opponitur Crispa. Senec. Cheveuls longs et pendants.
    \
        Consilium rectum. Terent. Bon conseil.
    \
        Indoles recta. Seneca. De bonne nature.
    \
        Ingenia recta. Seneca. Non depravez.
    \
        More recto seruat munia vitae. Hor. Il fait bien et deument ce que requiert la vie humaine, Il accomplist et observe bien le debvoir de, etc.
    \
        Ore recto voces emittere foras. Lucret. Proferer ou parler bien et à droict.
    \
        Hac recta platea. Terent. Tout droict par ce chemin.
    \
        - eo Recta via quidem illuc. Terent. Tout droict là.
    \
        Truncus rectus. Ouid. Qui est debout.
    \
        Via recta rem narrare. Terent. Sans varier ne extravaguer, Sans mentir.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > rectus

  • 12 caesna

    caesna, arch. = caena (cena), Fest. 205 (a) 15.

    lateinisch-deutsches > caesna

  • 13 cena

    cēna ( nicht caena od. coena), ae, f. (altlat. cesna, oskisch kerssnaís ›cenis‹), die tägliche Hauptmahlzeit der Römer, gew. um 3 od. 4 Uhr nachmittags, die Tafel, die Mahlzeit, das Mahl, das Mittagessen, Essen (Ggstz. ientaculum u. prandium), I) eig.: tempus cenae, Sen.: caput cenae, Hauptgericht, Cic.: c. recta, eine förmliche M., Suet.: c. bona, Sen.: c. ternis ferculis, Suet.: c. abundantissima, Suet.: lauta, Cic.: Cerealis (s. d.), Plaut.: magnifica (Ggstz. cotidiana), Plin.: sumptuosa, Cic.: luxuriosa, Sen. rhet.: magna, Hor.: grandis, Quint.: exigua, Cels.: familiaris, Suet.: c. terrestris, ländliches M., Plaut. – argenti facti cenae gratiā decem pondo libras habere, zehn Pfund silbernes Tafelgeschirr haben, Gell. 17, 21, 39. – c. tempestiva, Cic.: antelucana, Cic. – c. adventicia, Suet.: aditialis, Varr. u. Sen.: auguralis, Cic.: nuptialis, Plaut. u. Suet.: cena pura, Fastenspeise, meton. = Fasttag, Eccl. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 306 u. Semias. 1. p. 13). – cenam coquere (alci), Plaut., Cato fr. u. Nep.: cenam apparare, Ter.: apponere lautiorem cenam, Suet., alci cotidianam cenam, Plin. – alqm ad cenam invitare, Cic.: alqm rogare ad cenam ut veniat, Ter.: alqm ad cenam rogare, Aur. Vict. u. Macr.: alqm ad cenam vocare, Cic.: ad cenam promittere (alci), renuntiare, s. prō-mitto, re-nūntio: ad cenam condicere, s. con-dīco. – alqm cenae adhibere, Quint.: alqm cenā accipere, Suet.: alqm cenā excipere,

    Vell.: alqm abducere ad cenam in Academiam, Cic. – alci cenam dare (zB. apud villam), Cic.: alci cenam facere, Plaut.: cenas et facere et obire, Cic.: ire ad cenam, Ter.: itare ad cenas desisse, Cic.: venire ad cenam, Cic.: cenae deesse, Quint.: redire a cena, Cic. – cenam protrahere, Suet.: cenam producere iucunde, Hor.: cenam repetere, Suet. – cenae tempore, Suet.: ad praedictam cenae horam, Suet.: in cena, Cels. (u. so in cenis grandibus, Quint.): inter cenam, Cic.: super cenam, Suet.: per cenam, Suet.: post cenam, Cic. – Sprichw., cenā comesā venire, unser »post festum kommen«, Varr. r. r. 1, 2, 11: cenam rapere de rogo, v. hungerigen Leuten, Catull. 59, 3. – II) meton.: a) der einzelne Gang einer Mahlzeit, cena prima, altera, tertia, Mart. 11, 31, 6 sq. – b) der Speiseort, Speisesaal, Plin. 12, 11. – c) die Speisegesellschaft, Iuven. 2, 120.

    lateinisch-deutsches > cena

  • 14 ădĭtĭālis

    ădĭtĭālis, e qui concerne l'entrée, qui concerne la bienvenue.    - aditialis caena: repas d'installation (donné par les magistrats à leur entrée en fonction).

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > ădĭtĭālis

  • 15 caesna

    caesna, arch. = caena (cena), Fest. 205 (a) 15.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > caesna

  • 16 cena

    cēna ( nicht caena od. coena), ae, f. (altlat. cesna, oskisch kerssnaнs ›cenis‹), die tägliche Hauptmahlzeit der Römer, gew. um 3 od. 4 Uhr nachmittags, die Tafel, die Mahlzeit, das Mahl, das Mittagessen, Essen (Ggstz. ientaculum u. prandium), I) eig.: tempus cenae, Sen.: caput cenae, Hauptgericht, Cic.: c. recta, eine förmliche M., Suet.: c. bona, Sen.: c. ternis ferculis, Suet.: c. abundantissima, Suet.: lauta, Cic.: Cerealis (s. d.), Plaut.: magnifica (Ggstz. cotidiana), Plin.: sumptuosa, Cic.: luxuriosa, Sen. rhet.: magna, Hor.: grandis, Quint.: exigua, Cels.: familiaris, Suet.: c. terrestris, ländliches M., Plaut. – argenti facti cenae gratiā decem pondo libras habere, zehn Pfund silbernes Tafelgeschirr haben, Gell. 17, 21, 39. – c. tempestiva, Cic.: antelucana, Cic. – c. adventicia, Suet.: aditialis, Varr. u. Sen.: auguralis, Cic.: nuptialis, Plaut. u. Suet.: cena pura, Fastenspeise, meton. = Fasttag, Eccl. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 306 u. Semias. 1. p. 13). – cenam coquere (alci), Plaut., Cato fr. u. Nep.: cenam apparare, Ter.: apponere lautiorem cenam, Suet., alci cotidianam cenam, Plin. – alqm ad cenam invitare, Cic.: alqm rogare ad cenam ut veniat, Ter.: alqm ad cenam rogare, Aur. Vict. u. Macr.: alqm ad cenam vocare, Cic.: ad cenam promittere (alci), renuntiare, s. promitto, renuntio: ad cenam condicere, s. condico. – alqm cenae adhibere, Quint.: alqm cenā
    ————
    accipere, Suet.: alqm cenā excipere,
    Vell.: alqm abducere ad cenam in Academiam, Cic. – alci cenam dare (zB. apud villam), Cic.: alci cenam facere, Plaut.: cenas et facere et obire, Cic.: ire ad cenam, Ter.: itare ad cenas desisse, Cic.: venire ad cenam, Cic.: cenae deesse, Quint.: redire a cena, Cic. – cenam protrahere, Suet.: cenam producere iucunde, Hor.: cenam repetere, Suet. – cenae tempore, Suet.: ad praedictam cenae horam, Suet.: in cena, Cels. (u. so in cenis grandibus, Quint.): inter cenam, Cic.: super cenam, Suet.: per cenam, Suet.: post cenam, Cic. – Sprichw., cenā comesā venire, unser »post festum kommen«, Varr. r. r. 1, 2, 11: cenam rapere de rogo, v. hungerigen Leuten, Catull. 59, 3. – II) meton.: a) der einzelne Gang einer Mahlzeit, cena prima, altera, tertia, Mart. 11, 31, 6 sq. – b) der Speiseort, Speisesaal, Plin. 12, 11. – c) die Speisegesellschaft, Iuven. 2, 120.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > cena

  • 17 cēna

        cēna (not coena, caena), ae, f    a dinner, principal meal (anciently taken at noon, afterwards later): cenarum ars, H.: caput cenae: cenae pater, H.: cenae deum, H.: Pontificum, H.: antelucanae, lasting all night: amplior, Iu.: dubia, perplexing (by variety), T.: magna, H.: munda, H.: prior, i. e. a previous invitation, H.: sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc., N.: ducere, to prolong, H.: producere, H.: inter cenam, at table: ad cenam veniat, H.: invitare ad cenam: vocatus ad cenam: redire a cenā: ingens cena sedet, i. e. company, Iu.
    * * *
    dinner/supper, principle Roman meal (evening); course; meal; company at dinner

    Latin-English dictionary > cēna

  • 18 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - , Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. , L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. , L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. , L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 19 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - , Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. , L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. , L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. , L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 20 caesna

    cēna (not coena, caena; old form caesna; cf.

    Casmena for Camena,

    Fest. p. 205, 15 Müll.), ae, f. [Sanscr. khad-, eat; Umbr. çes-na; cf. Gr. knizô], the principal meal of the Romans in the early period, taken about midday, dinner, supper (Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 4; Fest. p. 338, 4 and 368, 8 Müll.); subsequently, the prandium was taken at noon, and the cena was usually begun about the 9th hour, i. e. at 3 o'clock P. M. (v. Dict. of Antiq. s. v. coena; cf.: prandium, jentaculum): cena apud antiquos dicebatur quod nunc est prandium. Vesperna, quam nunc cenam appellamus, Paul. ex Fest. l. l.; Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; Mart. 4, 8, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 1;

    to begin sooner was an indication of gluttony,

    Plin. Pan. 49, 6.
    (α).
    With substt.:

    cenarum ars,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 35:

    caput cenae,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

    mullus cenae caput,

    Mart. 10, 31, 4:

    ejus cenae fundus et fundamentum omne erat aula una lentis Aegyptiae,

    Gell. 17, 8, 1: genus cenae sollemne, viaticum, adventicium, geniale, Philarg. ad Verg. E. 5, 74:

    honos cenae,

    Suet. Vesp. 2:

    inpensae cenarum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

    cenarum magister,

    Mart. 12, 48, 15:

    ordo cenae,

    Petr. 92:

    cenae pater,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 7:

    o noctes cenaeque deūm!

    id. ib. 2, 6, 65:

    mero Pontificum potiore cenis,

    id. C. 2, 14, 28:

    Thyestae,

    id. A. P. 91.—
    (β).
    With adjj.:

    abundantissima,

    Suet. Ner. 42:

    aditialis,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 95, 41:

    sumptuosa,

    id. ib. 95, 41:

    adventicia,

    Suet. Vit. 13:

    quorum omnis vigilandi labor in antelucanis cenis expromitur,

    i. e. lasting all night, Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    auguralis,

    id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

    amplior,

    Juv. 14, 170:

    bona atque magna,

    Cat. 13, 3:

    brevis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

    Cerialis,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 25:

    dubia,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 28; Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:

    ebria,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 31:

    grandes,

    Quint. 10, 1, 58:

    lautissima,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 1:

    libera,

    open table, Petr. 26:

    multa de magnā fercula cenā,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 104:

    munda,

    id. C. 3, 29, 15:

    cena non minus nitida quam frugi,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9: sororia, nuptialis. Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 60 sq.: [p. 311] Suet. Calig. 25:

    opimae,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 103:

    popularem quam vocant,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:

    prior,

    i. e. a previous invitation, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 27:

    publicae,

    Suet. Ner. 16:

    recta,

    id. Dom. 7; Mart. 2, 69, 7; 7, 19, 2:

    Saliares,

    App. M. 4, p. 152, 30:

    sollemnes,

    Suet. Tib. 34:

    subita,

    Sen. Thyest. 800; Suet. Claud. 21:

    terrestris,

    of vegetables, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 86:

    varia,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 86:

    viatica,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 61.—
    (γ).
    With verbs:

    quid ego istius prandia, cenas commemorem?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49; Suet. Vit. 13:

    cenam apparare,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 74:

    curare,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 37:

    coquere,

    id. Aul. 2, 7, 3; id. Cas. 3, 6, 28; 4, 1, 8; 4, 2, 2; id. Rud. 4, 7, 38 al.; Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

    cenas facere,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6; cf. id. Fam. 9, 24, 2 sq.:

    anteponere,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 25: committere maturo ovo, Varr. ap. Non. p. 249, 8:

    praebere ternis ferculis,

    Suet. Aug. 74:

    ducere,

    to prolong, Hor. A. P. 376:

    ministrare,

    id. S. 1, 6, 116:

    producere,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 70:

    apponere,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 28; Suet. Galb. 12:

    deesse cenae,

    Quint. 7, 3, 31:

    instruere pomis et oleribus,

    Gell. 2, 24 al.:

    cenam dare alicui,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 34; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

    cenae adhibere aliquem,

    Quint. 11, 2, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13; Suet. Caes. 73; id. Aug. 74; id. Claud. 32; id. Calig. 25; id. Tit. 9:

    Taurus accipiebat nos Athenis cenā,

    Gell. 17, 8, 1:

    cenam cenavi tuam,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 24:

    obire cenas,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6: cenam condicere alicui, to engage one ' s self to any one as a guest, promise to be one ' s guest, Suet. Tib. 42.—
    (δ).
    With prepp.:

    ante cenam,

    Cato, R. R. 114; 115, 1:

    inter cenam,

    at table, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 58; id. Phil. 2, 25, 63; Quint. 6, 3, 10; Suet. Galb. 22; id. Aug. 71;

    in this sense in Suet. several times: super cenam,

    Suet. Aug. 77; id. Tib. 56; id. Ner. 42; id. Vit. 12; id. Vesp. 22; id. Tit. 8; id. Dom. 21:

    post cenam,

    Quint. 1, 10, 19.—
    (ε).
    With substt. and prepp.:

    aliquem Abduxi ad cenam,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91:

    aliquem ad cenam aliquo condicam foras,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 18; id. Stich. 3, 1, 38:

    holera et pisciculos ferre in cenam seni,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 32:

    fit aliquid in cenam,

    is preparing, Val. Max. 8, 1, 8:

    ire ad cenam,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 6:

    venire ad cenam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 61:

    itare ad cenas,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 2:

    invitare ad cenam,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 3; Quint. 7, 3, 33; Suet. Claud. 4:

    venire ad cenam,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    promittere ad cenam,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 15, 1:

    vocare ad cenam,

    Cic. Att. 6, 3, 9; Hor. S. 2, 7, 30; Suet. Tib. 6:

    devocare,

    Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

    redire a cenā,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98. —Prov.: cenā comesā venire, i. e. to come too late:

    post festum,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 11:

    cenam rapere de rogo,

    of unscrupulous greed, Cat. 59, 3.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    A dish, course, at dinner:

    prima, altera, tertia,

    Mart. 11, 31, 5 and 6.—
    * B.
    A company at table:

    ingens cena sedet,

    Juv. 2, 120.—
    * C.
    The place of an entertainment (cf. cenatio and cenaculum), Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caesna

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