609a

διαλύω, [tense] fut. -λύσω, etc.,

A loose one from another, part asunder, διαπλέκων καὶ διαλύων twining and untwining, Hdt.4.67;

νὺξ δ. τοὺς ἀγωνιζομένους Id.8.11

; δ. τὸν σύλλογον, τὴν συνουσίαν, τὴν πανήγυριν, etc., break it up, dismiss it, Id.7.10.δ, Pl.Ly. 223b, X.Cyr.6.1.10, etc.; τὴν σκηνὴν εἰς κοίτην δ. break up the party and go to bed, ib.2.3.1; δ. τὴν στρατιάν ib.6.1.6; τὸ ναυτικόν disband it, Th.2.93:— [voice] Med.,

συνουσίας Pl.Grg. 457d

:—[voice] Pass., of an army, assembly, etc., disperse, Hdt.1.128, etc.;

ἐκ τοῦ συλλόγου Id.3.73

, cf. 8.56: in [tense] fut. [voice] Med., part from one's escort, Th.2.12; of a man, die, X.Cyr.8.7.20.

2 dissolve into its elements, break up, destroy,

δ. καὶ ἀπολλύναι Pl.R. 609a

s1.;

ἐξ ἑνὸς εἰς πολλὰ δ. Id.Ti. 68d

; disperse, break up a herd of sheep, BGU1012.12 (ii B.C.); break up a ship,

παλαιὰν τριήρη δ. IG2.804

, cf. PSI4.382 (iii B.C.); τρίπους, ὅρμος διαλελυμένος, SIG2588.169,198 (Delos, ii B.C.);

τὰς οἰκήσεις Plb.4.65.4

; dissolve,

κοινόν Test.Epict.8.6

;

σῴζεσθαι καὶ διαλυθεῖσαν οἴχεσθαι πολιτείαν Pl.Lg. 945c

; of the sun, thaw frozen things, X.Cyn.5.2:—[voice] Pass.,

ἐξ ὧν σύγκειται καὶ εἰς ἃ διαλύεται Arist.GC 325b19

, cf. Ph. 204b33, etc.

3 break off, put an end to friendship,

ὁμολογίας Isoc.4.175

;

φιλίαν Arist.EN 1157b10

:—[voice] Pass., of married persons, separate, be divorced, SIG364.59 ([place name] Ephesus):—[voice] Med.,

διαλύσασθαι ξεινίην Hdt.4.154

: abs., dissolve friendship, Arist.EN 1162b25:—[voice] Pass.,

αἱ σπονδαὶ διελέλυντο Th.5.1

.

4 put an end to enmity, ἔχθραν, πόλεμον, Id.8.46:—[voice] Med.,

δ. ἔχθρας Is.7.11

;

διαφοράς Isoc.12.160

;

πολέμους Id.4.172

, cf. D.4.15: in [tense] plpf. [voice] Pass. (with [voice] Med. signf.),

διελέλυσθε τὸν πόλεμον Isoc.14.27

(v.l. διελύεσθε):—[voice] Pass.,

τὰς ἔχθρας διαλύεσθαι Th.4.19

: hence,

b c. acc. pers., reconcile,

πρὸς ἔμ' αὑτὸν διαλύειν ἠξίου D.21.122

, cf. 41.14;

δ. τινὰς ἐκ διαφορᾶς Plb.1.87.4

;

οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὁ διαλύσων οὔτε λόγος οὔτε ὅρκος Th.3.83

; esp. in legal proceedings, PHamb.25.5 (iii B.C.), etc.:—[voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., c. gen. rei, διαλύεσθαι νείκους to be parted from quarrel, i.e. be reconciled, E.Or. 1679 (v.l. νείκας); so διαλυθείσης τῆς διαφορᾶς prob. in D.S.14.110: also abs., to be reconciled, make up a quarrel, X.HG7.4.25, cf. Test. ap. Aeschin. 1.66, Thphr.Char.12.14;

πρός τινας D.38.24

;

περί τινος Lys.4.1

: in [tense] fut. [voice] Med.,

ὅπως.. μὴ διαλύσει D.21.216

.

5 generally, put an end to, do away with,

χρήμασι τὴν διαβολήν Th.1.131

; πάσας αὐτοῦ διαλύσω τὰς ἀπολογίας d.27.58;

τὸν ἐχόμενον φόβον δ. τῶν Ἑλλήνων Pl. Mx. 241b

:—so in [voice] Med.,

ἐγκλήματα δ. Th.1.140

; δ. περὶ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ib. 145;

διαβολάς Isoc.11.37

, 15.16;

τι τῶν κατηγορημένων Id.12.218

; δ. ἃ ἐψηφίσασθε cancel your vote, Lys.18.15; διαλύσασθαι τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους settle mutual claims, Isoc.4.40.

6 solve a difficulty, Pl.Sph. 252d;

τὴν ἀπορίαν Arist.Metaph. 1062b31

:—[voice] Med.,

διαλύσεσθαι σόφισμα S.E.P.2.238

.

7 δ.τὰς τιμάς pay the full value, D.29.7; pay, discharge,

τὴν δαπάνην Hdt.5.30

;

χρήματα D.20.12

;

τὰ συμβόλαια Arist.Pol. 1276a11

;

χρέος τινί Plb.31.27.4

;

πάντα διελέλυτο D.28.2

: also c. acc. pers., δ. τὸν ναύκληρον satisfy him, i.e. pay him off, D. 49.29, cf. 34.40, 36.50:—[voice] Med., order debts to be paid,

διαλέλυμαι ταῦτα Arr.An.7.10.3

; but also, to have them paid to oneself, D.Chr. 46.6.

II relax, weaken,

τὸ σῶμα Hp.Aph.3.17

; esp. of the result of hunger,

διαλύεσθαι τῷ λιμῷ UPZ11.27

(ii B.C.), cf. 42.9 (also in [voice] Act. intr., ὑπὸ τῆς λιμοῦ δ. ib.122.23 (ii B.C.)); make supple and pliant, Ar. Pax85:—[voice] Pass.,

δ. καὶ ἀδυνατεῖν Arist.HA 585a33

; ἀνάπλους διαλελυμένος a sailing out in loose order, Plb.16.2.6; διαλελυμένη λέξις a lax style, D.H.Lys.9.

2 abs., slacken one's hold, undo, Theoc.24.32.

σύμφῠτ-ος, ον,

A born with one, congenital, innate,

ἀρετά Pi.I.3.14

; κακόν, ἐπιθυμία, Pl.R. 609a, Plt. 272e; of diseases, Hp.Coac. 502;

βλάβαι καὶ διαφθοραὶ τοῦ σώματος Gal.6.3

; natural, τῶν σιτίων ἔνια ἔχει γλυκύτητα σ. ib.475, cf. 731;

σ. ἐχούσης ὑγρότητα τῆς γλώττης Id.16.508

; σ. αἰών our natural age, i.e. our old age (acc. to the Sch.), A.Ag. 107 (lyr.); νεικέων τέκτονα σ. the natural author of strife, i.e. a cause of strife natural to the race, ib. 152 (lyr.); εἰς τὸ σ. according to one's nature, E.Andr. 954; ὕδωρ σ. ἐν γάλακτι, opp. ἐπακτόν, Arist.Mete. 382b12;

τὸ μιμεῖσθαι σ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Id.Po. 1448b5

; σ. [πνεῦμα], i.e. the vital spirit, Id.Spir. 482a8; σ. ὑγρὸν καὶ θερμόν (in a seed) Thphr.HP1.11.1;

πρῶτον ἀγαθὸν καὶ σύμφυτον ἡδονή Epicur.Ep.3p.63U.

; τὰ σ. natural functions or parts, Arist.GA 753a17, Ph. 253a12.

2 c. dat., natural to,

σ. αὐτοῖς δειλία Lys.10.28

; ἀϋδρία τισὶ τόποις ς. Pl.Lg. 844b; τὰ ὑγρὰ σ. τοῖς ζῴοις, opp. τὰ ὑστερογενῆ (such as milk), Arist.HA 521b17, cf. Thphr.Sens.1,16.

3 c. gen., [

τῶν φθόγγων] σ. ἡδοναί Pl.Phlb. 51d

;

εὐβουλία ἀρετὴ λογισμοῦ σ. Id.Def. 413c

: cf. συγγενής, σύγγονος.

4 like by nature, cognate, kindred, Id.Phlb. 16c.

II grown together,

διάστασις τῶν σ. μερῶν Arist.Top. 145b3

;

σ. τῷ Χιτῶνι Id.HA 557b18

;

ἐγκεφάλου σκέπασμα σ. μὲν οὐκέτι, πολλαχόθι μέντοι συμφυές Gal. UP8.9

;

σ. ἐμποιεῖν τινί τι Pl.Phd. 81c

; united, Id.Phdr. 246a, Ep.Rom.6.5; of qualities in relation to matter,

ὕλη.. λαβοῦσα ποιότητας.. καὶ οἷον συμφύτους αὐτὰς ἔχουσα καὶ συγκεκραμένας ἀλλήλαις Plot.3.6.8

, cf. 3.6.11.

III thickly wooded, Plb.1.74.6, D.C. 40.29.

2 fully cultivated, ἀμπελὼν ς. PGrenf.2.28.7 (ii B.C.), PLips.1.5 (ii B.C.).

χᾰρίζω, [tense] fut.

A

χαριῶ Phld.Rh.1.381

S., Gloss.: [tense] aor. imper.

χάρισον PMag.Lond.122.17

:—usu. [voice] Med. [full] χαρίζομαι, [tense] fut.

- ιοῦμαι Th.3.40

, 8.65; χαριῇ (v.l. -εῖ ) also in Hdt.1.90; Cret.

χαριξίομαι GDI5176.16

(found at Teos); also χαρίξομαι ib.5178.17 (ibid.); χαρίηνται is a false [dialect] Aeol. form in Milet.3 No.152.56; later

χαρίσομαι Ep.Rom. 8.32

, Luc.DDeor.22.4: [tense] aor.

ἐχαρισάμην Hdt.1.91

, etc.; opt.

χαρίσαιτο Il.6.49

; [dialect] Aeol. imper.

χάρισσαι Sapph.Supp.16.4

; Cret. inf.

χαρίξασθαι GDI5163b8

([place name] Mylasa):—[voice] Pass. forms, [tense] fut. χαρισθήσομαι in pass. sense, Ep.Philem.22: [tense] aor. ἐχαρίσθην in pass. sense, Act.Ap. 3.14, 1 Ep.Cor.2.12: [tense] pf. κεχάρισμαι in act. sense,

κεχάρισαι Ar.Ec. 1045

,

- ισται Id.Eq.54

; also in pass. sense, imper.

- ίσθω Pl.Phdr. 250c

: [tense] plpf.

ἐκεχάριστο Hdt.8.5

, [dialect] Ep.

κεχάριστο Od.6.23

:— say or do something agreeable to a person, show him favour or kindness, oblige, gratify, c. dat. pers., freq. in part.,

χαριζομένη πόσεϊ ᾧ Il.5.71

, cf. 11.23, 15.449, Od.8.538,13.265; once in Hes.,

ποίησε.. χαριζόμενος Διί Th. 580

;

πᾶσι χαριζοίμην ἄν Hdt.6.130

, cf. Th.3.40;

τοῖς θεοῖς X.Mem.4.3.16

; Καλλίᾳ χαριζόμενος to oblige, humour him, Pl.Prt. 362a, cf. Men. 75b, Ar.Eq. 1368; of a judge, give a partial verdict,

χ. οἷς ἂν δοκῇ αὐτῷ Pl.Ap. 35c

; also

χ. τῷ ἵππῳ X. Eq.10.12

: abs., make oneself agreeable, comply, opp. ἀντία φάσθαι, once in A., Pers. 700 (lyr.);

οἱ ὑπὲρ καιρὸν χαριζόμενοι And.4.7

: c. acc. cogn.,

χάριτας χ. E.Fr.360.1

, Isoc.1.31, D.18.239;

χ. τι καὶ αὐτός Th.3.42

; with part. added,

χαρίζετο ἱερὰ ῥέζων Od. 1.61

, cf. Hdt.1.90, Ar.Ec. 1045, Pl.R. 338a, 426c, etc.: more freq. c. dat. modi, μήτε τί μοι ψεύδεσσι χαρίζεο do not court favour by lies, Od.14.387;

χαριζόμενος φιλότητι 10.43

, etc.;

λόγῳ θωπεῦσαι καὶ ἔργῳ χ. Pl.Tht. 173a

codd.; opp. τὰ βέλτιστα λέγειν, D.9.2, cf. Plu.2.66a.

2 gratify or indulge a humour or passion, once in S.,

θυμῷ χαρίζεσθαι κενά El. 331

, cf. Antipho 4.3.2, X.An. 7.1.25;

ὀργῇ E.Fr.31

;

γλώσσῃ Id.Or. 1514

(troch.);

ἔρωτι Pi.Fr. 127

;

τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ Pl.R. 561c

:

τῷ σώματι X.Mem.1.2.23

; τῇ γαστρί ib.2.1.2, Cyr.4.2.39; τῇ ἡδονῇ ib.4.3.2.

3 in erotic sense, grant favours to a man, Ar.Ec. 629 (anap.), Pl.Smp. 182a, Phdr. 231c, 256a, X.Mem.3.11.12, etc.: hence of Comedy,

ὀλίγοις χαρίσασθαι Ar.Eq. 517

(anap.): c. acc. cogn.,

χ. θήλειαν ἀπόλαυσιν Luc.Am. 27

.

II c. acc. rei, give graciously or cheerfully,

δῶρα Od.24.283

;

ἄποινα Il.6.49

, 10.380;

χαρίζεσθαί τινί τι Hdt.1.91

, Ar.Ach. 437, Eq.54, X.Cyr.1.4.9, etc.;

πωλεῖν καὶ χ. καὶ τέκνοις μεταδιδόναι PGrenf.1.60.45

(vi A. D.); so c. acc. pers.,

χαρίζομαί σε τοῖς ὄχλοις PFlor.61.61

(i A.D.): with a strong oxymoron,

ξείνια δυσμενέσιν λυγρὰ χ. Archil.7

: c. inf. with Art.,

χ. τὸ ποθεῖν Plu.2.609a

;

τὸ ζῆν LXX 2 Ma.3.33

; without the Art., πολλοῖς ἐχαρίσατο βλέπειν (v.l. τὸ β.) Ev.Luc.7.21; χάρισαι [αὐτοῖς] μένειν allow them to remain, Luc.Am.19, cf. AP5.236 (Agath.); so ἆρ' ἄν τί μοι χαρίσαιο τοιόνδε—μή μου καταγελᾶν; Pl.Hp.Mi. 364c.

b χ. τὴν δέησιν grant the request, Luc.Bis Acc.14.

c [voice] Pass., c. acc., to be favoured with,

ἀνάγκᾳ πνεῦμα χαριζόμενος Epigr.Gr.204.18

([place name] Cnidus).

2 c. gen. partit., give freely of a thing,

ἀλλοτρίων χ. Od.17.452

; ταμίη.. χαριζομένη παρεόντων giving freely of such things as were ready, 1.140, etc.;

παντοίων ἀγαθῶν γαστρὶ χαριζόμενοι Thgn.1000

;

γλώσσης μαφιδίοιο χ. παρεοῦσι Theoc.25.188

; προικὸς χαρίζεσθαι, of his bounty, Od.13.15.

3 c. acc. pers., give up as a favour, τῇ μητρὶ χ. Ὀκτάβιον, by dropping a law aimed at him, Plu.CG4; but also, by unjust condemnation, Act.Ap.25.11,16; also τῷ θεῷ με ἐχαρίσω, of a dedication ceremony, PBremen49.14 (ii A. D.).

4 forgive,

τὴν ἀδικίαν τινί 2 Ep.Cor.12.13

, cf. Ep.Col.2.13: abs., 2 Ep.Cor. 2.7, etc.

III [voice] Pass., esp. in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf., κεχάριστο θυμῷ was dear to her heart, Od.6.23; τοῖσι Εὐβοεῦσι ἐκεχάριστο the pleasure of the Euboeans was done, Hdt.8.5; ταῦτα μὲν οὖν μνήμῃ κεχαρίσθω let a tribute be paid.. Pl.Phdr. 250c; cf.

χάρις A.

V.

2 mostly part. [tense] pf. κεχαρισμένος, η, ον, as Adj., acceptable, welcome,

ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ Il.5.243

, 826, etc.; κεχαρισμένα δῶρα θεοῖσι δίδωσι, 20.298, cf. Od.16.184, 19.397; κεχαρισμένα θεῖναί τινι to do things pleasing to one, Il.24.661;

ἀνὴρ κεχαρισμένα εἰδώς Od.8.584

;

θεοις κεχαρισμένα ποιεῖν Lys.6.33

; κεχ. τοῖς θεοῖς λέγειν τε καὶ πράττειν, Pl.Euthphr. 14b, cf. Phdr. 273e;

δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι καί οἱ κεχαρισμένος ἔλθοι Od.2.54

, cf. Hdt.1.87, 3.119, X.Mem. 1.2.10, etc.;

κεχαρισμένα θύρσῳ E.HF 892

(lyr.);

κεχαρ. χοιρίδιον Ar. Pax 386

(lyr.);

πᾶσιν κεχαρισμένος Pl.Sph. 218a

;

λόγος κεχ. D.14.1

;

σιτίον ἢ ποτόν X.Mem.2.1.24

;

ἐν τοῖς μὴ κεχαρισμένοις.. πρὸς τὴν αἴσθησιν Arist.PA 645a7

; cf. κεχαρισμένως.

3 later, [comp] Comp.

κεχαρισμενώτερος Ael.NA12.7

; [comp] Sup.

- ώτατος Alciphr. 3.65

.—Rare in Trag., but freq. in [dialect] Att. Prose.

ἐρῠσῑβ-η [[pron. full] ῑ Orph.L. 600], ἡ,

A rust, in corn, Pl.R. 609a ;

αὐχμοὶ καὶ ἐ. Arist.HA 553b20

: pl., Pl.Smp. 188b, X.Oec.5.18, Thphr.CP3.22.1, etc.

II title of Demeter in Lydia, Et.Gud.210.25.

ἰός (A) [ῑ], ὁ, pl. ἰοί, heterocl.

A

ἰά Il.20.68

(Cypr., acc. to AB1095):— arrow,

ἰὸν ἕηκε Il.1.48

;

βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ 8.514

, cf. A.Pers. 461;

ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν S.Tr. 567

. (Cf. Skt. í[snull ] 'arrow'.)

------------------------------------

ἰός (B) [ῑ], ὁ,

A poison, as of serpents, A.Eu. 478, S.Tr. 771, E. Ion 1015, Plu.2.562c, etc.; venom of a mad dog, Ruf.Fr.118; ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν, of honey with which snakes fed Iamos, Pi.O.6.47: metaph., of envy, A.Ag. 834. (Cf. Skt. vi[snull ]ám 'poison', Lat. vīrus.)

------------------------------------

ἰός (C) [ῑ], ὁ,

A rust on iron, or verdigris on copper and bronze, Sapph.141 (dub.), Thgn.451, Pl.R. 609a, Ti. 59c, Theoc.16.17;

ἰ. σιδήρου Dsc.5.80

;

ἰ. χαλκοῦ Hp.Mul.1.75

, Dsc.5.79, Gal.12.218; patina on bronze statues,

ὅπως καθαρὸς ἰοῦ ἔσται ὁ ἀνδριάς SIG284.15

(Chios, iv B.C.), cf. Plu.2.395b. (Perh. identical with

ἰός B.

)

------------------------------------

ἰός [ῐ], ἴᾰ, ἰόν,

A one, commonest in fem. (v. εἷς): neut.

ἰῷ κίον ἤματι Il.6.422

: masc. dat. ἰῷ, = ἐκείνῳ, Leg.Gort.8.8; but, = ἑνί, ib.7.23; acc., τόν γ' ἰὸν ἐνιαυτόν the same year, IG5(1).1390.126 (Andania, i B.C.); ἰός, = μόνος, acc. to Trypho ap.A.D.Pron.56.4.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `a small bird' (Arst. H.A. 609a).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Unknown

κόρυδος (- δός)

Grammatical information: m. (f.)

Meaning: `(crested) lark, Alauda cristata' (Ar., Pl., Arist.); enlarged forms with ν- and λ(λ)-suffixes (Chantraine Formation 360f. a. 246f.):;

Other forms: κάρυδοι καρύδαλοι H.

Derivatives: κορυδῶνες pl. (Arist. HA 609a 7; cf. below), κορύδαλ(λ)ος (Arist.; v. l. - αλλός), - αλλός (Theoc., Babr.), - αλλά (Epich., sicil. inscr.), - αλλίς (Simon., Theoc.). PN Κόρυδος, - ύδων, - υδαλλός, - υδεύς (s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 132).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: To κόρυς `helm' with δο-suffix (cf. the simlar instances in Schwyzer 508 and Chantraine 359); a t-enlargement perhaps in a German. word for `deer', e. g. OS hirot, OHG hiruz (IE. *ḱeru-d-). Cf. with - θ- (as in κόρυθ-): κόρυθος εἷς τις τῶν τροχίλων and κορύθων ἀλεκτρυών H. - The form κορυδῶνες (s. above) can hardly be correct; one expects *κορυδόνες (as χελιδόνες etc.) or evtl. κορύδωνες. - See on κόρυδος etc. Thompson Birds s. κορύδαλος. The form κάρυδος is the older one: α \> [ο] before following υ (so not to be `corrected, as Fur. 345, who had not seen the rule); so derivation from κόρυς is impossible. Note that - αλ(λ)- is also a Pre-Greek suffix (*-al^y-), s. Beekes, FS Kortlandt.

See also: Weiteres s. κόρυς.

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χαρίζομαι (χάρις; Hom.+) mid. dep.: fut. χαρίσομαι Ro 8:32 (also Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9, 1; Jos., Ant. 2, 28; for Att. χαριοῦμαι); 1 aor. ἐχαρισάμην; pf. κεχάρισμαι. Pass., w. pass. sense: 1 fut. χαρισθήσομαι Phlm 22; 1 aor. ἐχαρίσθην Ac 3:14; 1 Cor 2:12; Phil 1:29.

① to give freely as a favor, give graciously (a common term in honorific documents lauding officials and civic-minded pers. for their beneficence, s. SIG index and indexes of other inscriptional corpora) of God (so Ael. Aristid. 39, 3 K.=18 p. 409 D.; Herm. Wr. 12, 12; 16, 5 and p. 462, 30; 490, 9; 35; 492, 11 Sc.; 3 Macc 5:11; EpArist 196; TestSim 4:6; Jos., Ant. 3, 87; 4, 317) θεὸν … τὰ ἐκεῖ θαυμάσια χαριζόμενον God, who graciously bestows wonderful things from the world beyond (as opposed to the finery of this world, which in contrast is ‘shit’; s. δεινός and σκύβαλον) AcPl Ha 2, 23f. τινί τι someth. to someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 79 §360 χαρίζεσθαί τινι τὴν σωτηρίαν; Paus. 6, 18, 4 χαρίσασθαί μοι τήνδε ὦ βασιλεῦ τὴν χάριν; TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 30 [Stone p. 6] τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν) Ro 8:32; Phil 2:9; 2 Cl 1:4; Hs 9, 28, 6; D 10:3. This is also the place for Gal 3:18 if τὴν κληρονομίαν is to be supplied fr. the context (but s. end of this sec.). τυφλοῖς ἐχαρίσατο βλέπειν to the blind he granted the power of sight Lk 7:21 (v.l. τὸ βλέπειν; cp. Plut., Mor. 609a; 2 Macc 3:31, 33). ὁ χαρισάμενος ὑμῖν τοιοῦτον ἐπίσκοπον κεκτῆσθαι the one who (by his favor) granted you to obtain such a bishop IEph 1:3. Pass. 1 Cor 2:12. ὑμῖν ἐχαρίσθη τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πάσχειν you have (graciously) been granted the privilege of suffering for Christ Phil 1:29.—χ. τινά τινι give or grant someone to someone (Semonides 7, 93f D.³: Zeus χαρίζεταί τινά τινι=Z. grants one [i.e., a good wife] to someone) κεχάρισταί σοι ὁ θεὸς πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετά σου God has given you all those who are sailing with you, i.e. at your request God has granted them safety fr. deadly danger Ac 27:24. The one who is ‘given’ escapes death or further imprisonment by being handed over to those who wish him freed ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν Ac 3:14. Cp. Phlm 22 (Diod S 13, 59, 3 ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ τοὺς συγγενεῖσ=he granted him his [captured] relatives [and set them free]; Plut., C. Gracch. 836 [4, 3] χ. τὸν Ὀκτάβιον τῇ μητρί; PFlor 61, 61 [I A.D.] cited s.v. ὄχλος 1a, end; Jos., Vi. 355.—On the ‘giving’ of Barabbas s. JMerkel, Die Begnadigung am Passahfeste: ZNW 6, 1905, 293–316). On the other hand, the giving of a man to those who wish him ill results in harm to him (cp. Jos., Vi. 53) οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι Ac 25:11; cp. vs. 16 (without dat., which is easily supplied; the v.l. adds εἰς ἀπώλειαν to it). Ign. rejects every attempt of others to save his life, because he wishes to leave the world and be with God, and martyrdom opens the way for this: τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ θέλοντα εἶναι κόσμῳ μὴ χαρίσησθε do not give to the world the one who wishes to belong to God IRo 6:2.—W. only the dat. χ. τινι show oneself to be gracious to someone (Diod S 14, 11, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 112 §467; SIG 354, 4f βουλόμενος χαρίζεσθαι τῷ δήμῳ; ApcEsdr 25:7 τοὺς δικαίους τί χαρίζεις; Jos., Ant. 17, 222; Eunap. p. 77 Boiss.) Gal 3:18 (s. above; also Betz, Gal. ad loc.).

② to cancel a sum of money that is owed, cancel (Ps.-Aeschin., Ep. 12, 14; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 39 τὰ δάνεια) Lk 7:42f. This forms a transition to

③ to show oneself gracious by forgiving wrongdoing, forgive, pardon (Dionys. Hal. 5, 4, 3; Jos., Ant. 6, 144 ἁμαρτήματα χαρίζεσθαι) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing (TestJob 43:1 αὐτοῖς … τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν) χαρισάμενος ἡμῖν πάντα τὰ παραπτώματα Col 2:13; cp. 2 Cor 2:10a; 12:13. W. dat. of pers. alone Eph 4:32ab; Col 3:13ab (Plut., Mor. 488a χαίρειν τῷ χαρίζεσθαι μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς ἢ τῷ νικᾶν=to delight in doing them favors rather than getting the better of them). W. acc. of thing alone 2 Cor 2:10bc. Abs. (cp. EpArist 215) rather forgive 2 Cor 2:7.—B. 1174. DELG s.v. χάρις. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ἰός, οῦ, ὁ (Pind. et al.; pap, LXX; TestJob 43:8; TestReub 5:6; ApcMos 19)

① poison, venom

ⓐ lit. ἰὸν ἐχίδνης Papias (11:2) and ἰὸς ἀσπίδων (TestJob 43:12; cp. Appian, Mithr. 88 §490 ἰὸς ὄφεων; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 166; Jos., Bell. 1, 601; Constant. Manasses 4, 39 H.) Ro 3:13 (Ps 13:3; 139:4). Of animal (i.e. snake; s. θηρίον 1aβד) poison also Hs 9, 26, 7. These passages, as well as Hv 3, 9, 7 and ITr 6:2 v.l., show that the transition to the fig. use was easy.

ⓑ fig. (Aeschyl., Eum. 730 al.; Herm. Wr. p. 480, 15 Sc.; Test Reub 5:6) Js 3:8.

② corrosion, rust (Theognis 451; Pla., Tim. 59c, Rep. 10, 609a; Theocr. 16, 17 et al.; SIG² 587, 310 [329 B.C.] σίδηρος καταβεβρωμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ; SIG 284, 15; Herm. Wr. 14, 7; Ezk 24:6, 11f; EpJer 10 and 23; Philo, Div. Rer. Her. 217 [χρυσὸς] ἰὸν οὐ παραδέχεται, gold is praised for being rust-proof; sim. Theognis 449–52; but if not adequately refined or subject to chemical pollution some metals in a gold object would be subject to oxidation) Js 5:3; Dg 2:2.—DELG ἰός (3). M-M. TW.