ωσύνη

μεγᾰλ-ωσύνη, ἡ,

A greatness, majesty, LXX 2 Ki.7.21, al., Aristeas 192.

ἱερ-ωσύνη, in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. [full] ἱερεωσύνη IG22.1235.8, al., also SIG2554.22 (Magn. Mae.), SIG31068.22 (Patmos, iii/ii B.C.), Milet.7.28, etc.: ἡ:—

A priesthood, Hdt.3.142, etc.;

ἱερωσύνης μετασχεῖν D.59.92

: in pl., priestly services, sacrifices, Sch.Ar. Pax 923.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: "holy", `dedicated to a god, divine', also in gen. praising `glorious, excellent, strong, quick etc.' (cf. below); ἱερόν n. `consecrated area, temple' (posthom.), ἱερά n. pl., rarely sg. `Weihgeschenk, sacrifice(animal)' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor., NWGr. ἱαρός, Ion. poet. ἰ̄ρός, Aeol. ἶρος

Dialectal forms: Myc. i-je-ro, i-je-re-u i-je-re-ja ijerowoko \/ ἱΏεροϜοργος\/

Compounds: As 1. member in many compp., not mentioned here.

Derivatives: (Dialectforms not noted): 1. ἱερεύς (Il.), Arc. Cypr. ἱερής, Ion. also ἱέρεως (hardly taken from ἀρχιέρεως, Sommer Nominalkomp. 129, Egli Heteroklisie 111f. with new explan.) m. `who performs the sacrifices (τὰ ἱερά), offerer, priest' (Schulze KZ 52, 193 = Kl. Schr. 573; after Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς rather backformation from ἱερεύω; on meaning and spread E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 81f.). From ἱερεύς: a) several feminines (cf. on βασιλεύς): ἱέρεια (Il.), Cypr. ἰερήϜιϳα, Ion. ἱερέη, -ῆ; ἱερηΐς (Megar.), ἱέρισσα (pap. II<sup>a</sup>); b) the nouns ἱερεία `priest-ship' (Thyateira; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 311), ἱερεῖον, -ήϊον `sacrif. animal' (Il.), ἱερ(ε)ωσύνη `priest-ship' (IA) with ἱερ(ε)ώσυνος `priesterly' (hell.); c) the adjective ἱερευτικός `priesterly (pap.); d) the denominatives ἱερεύω `offer, devote' (Il.) with ἱέρευσις (sch.) and ἱερεύσιμος (Plu. 2, 729d, besides θύσιμος; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94), or from ἱερός, ἱερά; ἱερεώομαι, ἱερεώσασθαι `be priest' (hell.; Schulze Symb. phil. Danielsson 304 = Kl. Schr. 325). - 2. ἱερόλας = ἱερεύς (S. Fr. 57; uncertain; on the formation Chantraine Formation 238). - 3. ἱερῖτιν καθαρμοῦ δεομένην, ἱκέτιν H. (A. Fr. 93). - 4. ἱερατικός `priesterly, hieratic' (Pl. Plt. 290d, Arist.; cf. also ἱερατεύω, ἱερατεία below). - 5. Ι῝ερυς PN (Leumann Glotta 32, 220). - 6. Several denomin.: a) ἱερεύω, cf. om ἱερεύς; b) ἱεράομαι care for the victims ( ἱερά)' (Hdt., Th.); c) ἱεράζω `id.' (Ion. islands), Boeot. ἱαρειάδδω, prob. from ἱαρεία; d) ἱερόω `consecrate' (Att., Locr. etc.) with ἱέρωμα `consecration' (Cret., Epid. etc.), ἱερωτός (Thess.); e) ἱερίζω = καθαίρω H. (s. ἁγνίτης) with ἱεριστής `who cares for the ἱερα' and ἱερισμός `holy service' (hell.); f) ἱερατεύω `be priest' with ἱερατεία, ἱεράτευμα, ἱερατεῖον; ἱεριτεύω `id.'; ἱερωτεύω `id.' with ἱερωτεία; all dialectical, hell.; on the formation Schwyzer 732, Solmsen Glotta 1, 80.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [299] * ish₁ro- `holy'

Etymology: The different meanings, partly also the variation in form induced many scholars to split ἱερός in two or even in three words. Thus one has because of the long anlaut in ἱ̄ερὸν ἰχθύν Π 407, ἱαρὸς ὄρνις (Alkm. Fr. 26) and ἱερὸς ὄρ. (AP 7, 171), which can be easily explained as metr. lengthening, assumed a special Ϝῑερός `rapid, quick', from where ἱέραξ `hawk' (s. v.). In the meaning `strong, forceful' ἱερός would however be identical with Skt. iṣirá- etwa `strong, active'; here also Celtic river names like Isara (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 121f.). A third ἱερός, as `holy', would have connections with Italic and Germanic, e. g. Osc. aisusis `sacrifiis', Paelign. aisis, Umbr. erus `dis', OHG ēra ` Ehre'. Thus esp. Schulze Q. 207ff. after Ahrens Phil. 27, 585ff., Solmsen Unt. 147ff. For uniform origin, though in parts different, Kuhn KZ 2, 274, Meillet Zeitschr. celt. Phil. 10, 309, Devoto Studi etr. 5, 316, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 21f., Specht in Schaeder ZDMG 94, 408, Duchesne-Guillemin Mélanges Boisacq 1, 333ff., who as support of the old comparison with Skt. iṣirá- pointed to the agreement between ἱερὸν μένος and Skt. iṣiréṇa mánasā (instr.). On which now R. Schmitt Dichtung u. Dichtersprache 111-114. - Kretschmer Glotta 11, 278ff. (s. also Glotta 30, 88) considered ἱερός as cross of Gr. * aisaros, * eiseros `divine' (with Etr. aesar `god' and Osc. aisusis etc.) and an IE word for `strong' (= Skt. iṣirá-). - See P. Wülfing von Martitz, Glotta 38 (1960) 272-307 and 39 (1961)24-43; s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 207. J.P. Locher, Unters. zυ ἱερός haupts. bei Homer (Berne 1963). The change ἱερός, ἱαρός, ἰ̄ρός (IE * iseros, *isr̥os, *isrós ?) Schwyzer 482 and 243; Ramat, Sprache 8 (1962) 4-28 connects Skt. iṣṇāti `set in movement', which gives * ish₁ro-. Lesbian ἶρος must be due to assimilation. Dot. ἱαρός is due to dev. before r. On the aspiration ibd. 219f. On the meaning (against ἅγιος, ἁγνός) Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 61ff.; also J. Chr. Bolkestein Ο῝σιος en εὑσεβής. diss. Amsterdam 1936, Palmer Eranos 53, 4ff., Defradas Rev. de phil. 81, 208ff. - Older lit. in Bq. García Ramón, Akten VII. Fachtagung, Innsbruck 1992, 183-205, connects 1. eis- (Pok. 299f.) `set in motion', i. e. Skt. iṣṇāti, Gr. ἰνάω (ῑ-), which gives * h₁ish₂-ro-, but assumes that between s and cons. a laryngeal was lost, giving ἰ̃ ρος etc.; - ερος and - αρος would be replacements.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `great, big',

Other forms: μεγάλη, μέγα

Dialectal forms: Myc. mezo

Compounds: Comp. μέζων, Att. μείζων (after κρείττων, ἀμείνων a. o.; cf. Schwyzer 538), sup. μέγιστος (Il.); cf. Seiler Steigerungsformen 63. Compp., e.g. μεγά-θυμος `with great mind' (Hom.), μεγαλ-ήτωρ `magnanimous' (Il.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 135), μεγαλό-φρων `magnanimous' (Att.; Hom. μέγα φρονέων, cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 119f.), μεγιστό-τιμος `with highest honour' (A.).

Derivatives: 1. From μεγα-: μέγεθος (cf. πλῆ-θος; - ε- vowelassim. ? Schwyzer 255), Hdt. μέγαθος, n. `greatness, sublimity' (Il.) with μεγεθ-ικός `quantitative' (Arist.-Comm.), - ύνω `magnify', pass. `become exalted' (after μεγαλύνω, late), - όομαι = μεγαλύνομαι (medic., S. E.); PN Μέγης with patron. Μεγάδης (Il.). 2. From μεγαλο-: μεγαλ-εῖος `grand(iose)' (Pl., X., Plb.; after ἀνδρεῖος enlarged) with - ειότης `highness, majesty' (LXX); μεγάλ-ωμα n. `greatness, power' (LXX; direct from μεγαλο-, cf. Chantraine Form. 187; diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 169), - ωσύνη `id.' (LXX, Aristeas; - ω- analog., Schwyzer 529), - ωστί adv. `magnificently' (Schwyzer 624, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 250). 3. From μέγιστος: μεγιστᾶνες m. pl. (rarely - άν sg.) `great lords, magnates' (Men., LXX, NT; after the PN in - ᾶνες, Björck Alpha impurum 55, 278ff.; diff. Schaeder in Schwyzer 521 n. 5), PN Μεγιστ-ώ f. (Emp. [personification], pap.), - ίας, - εύς (Boßhardt 92); μεγιστεύω `be(come) very great' (App.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [708] *meǵh₂-

Etymology: With μέγα, μέγας agrees Arm. mec `great', instr. meca-w, (a-stem); also Skt. máhi n. `great' (with h from - gh₂-; cf. below) can be equated as IE *mégh₂-. In Germanic the word lives on in OWNo. mjǫk `very', PGm. *meḱu, with secondary -u after * felu, Goth. filu `many' (s. πολύς). A reshaping after the i-stems shows Hitt. me-ik-ki n. `very', -iš `great'. Here also the Illyr. PN Mag-aplinus (Krahe IF 57, 117 f.). -- The final -α from -h₂ is the zero grade of -ā in Skt. mahā- `great' (as 1. member), mahā-nt- `id.'; the effect of a laryngeal (h₂) after g was aspiration in Skt (with gh \> h. As innovations to μέγα, μέγας, - αν are immediately understandable; the other forms have an l-enlargement which makes the inflexion easier, which is found in Germanic, e.g. Goth. mikils `grat' (PGm. * mekilaz) and in the synonymous Lith. dìdelis `grat' (from dìdis `id.'). Against the assumption of a common origin (Brugmann, Osthoff, Schulze a. o.) Walde(-P.) 2, 257, who rather assumes independent innovations (after χθαμαλός resp. from * mikins; rather then with Thurneysen KZ 48, 61 after leitils `small'). -- Further forms, for Greek uninteresting, in WP. 2, 257ff., Pok. 708f., W.-Hofmann s. magnus. Cf. ἀγα-. On μεγαίρω s. v.

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