σπανια

σπανίᾱ, σπάνιος

rare: fem nom /voc /acc dual

σπανίᾱ, σπάνιος

rare: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱ, σπανία

fem nom /voc /acc dual

σπανίᾱ, σπανία

fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱͅ, σπάνιος

rare: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱͅ, σπανία

fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

Σπανία, ας, ἡ (Diod S 5, 37, 2; Athen. 8, 330f; 13 p. 657f; pap [CWessely, WienerStud 24, 1902, 147]; 1 Macc 8:3) Spain, the goal of a journey planned by Paul Ro 15:24, 28 (EBarnikol, Spanienreise u. Römerbrief ’34). That he reached Spain at some time (cp. 1 Cl 5:7 ‘the western limit’) is maintained w. more or less certainty by BWeiss, FSpitta (Zur Gesch. u. Lit. des Urchristentums I 1893, 1–108), Zahn (Einl. I³ 1907 §33–37), Harnack (Mission I⁴ 1923, 83), JFrey (Die zweimalige röm. Gefangenschaft u. das Todesjahr des Ap. Pls 1900, Die letzten Lebensjahre des Pls 1910), EDubowy (Klemens v. Rom über d. Reise Pauli nach Spanien 1914), JWeiss (Das Urchristentum 1917, 300), ADeissmann (Paulus² 1925, 192=Paul 1926, 248) et al.; on the other hand, it is denied by HHoltzmann et al. and by PWendland (Die urchristl. Literaturformen 1912, 366), FPfister (ZNW 14, 1913, 216ff), EMeyer (III 1923, 131f), FHielscher (Forschungen zur Geschichte des Ap. Pls 1925), EvDobschütz (Der Ap. Pls I 1926, 17) et al.; HLietzmann, Gesch. der Alten Kirche I ’32, 111 and ANock, St. Paul ’38, 142–44 (Paulus ’40, 112f) leave the question open.—Paul’s interest in Spain accords with his general interest in reaching centers of considerable cultural achievement. See Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae I–IX 1922–59; La grande enciclopédie VIII ‘Easpagna’; Pauly-W. VIII 1965–2046; MRostovtzeff, Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire I ’57, 83–112; JvanNostrand, ‘Roman Spain’, in TFrank, ed. Economic Survey of Ancient Rome III ’37, 119–24.—M-M.

Βλ. λ. σπανία

σπάνιος

rare: neut nom /voc /acc pl

σπᾰν-ία, ἡ,= σπάνις, E.Rh. 245 (lyr.), D.S.24.1, Phot.

1) rarely

2) seldom

σπανίᾱς, σπάνιος

rare: fem acc pl

σπανίᾱς, σπάνιος

rare: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱς, σπανία

fem acc pl

σπανίᾱς, σπανία

fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱͅ, σπάνιος

rare: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱͅ, σπανία

fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱν, σπάνιος

rare: fem acc sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπανίᾱν, σπανία

fem acc sg (attic doric aeolic)

σπάνια, σπάνιος

rare: neut nom /voc /acc pl

σπάνιε, σπάνιος

rare: masc voc sg

σπάνιαι, σπάνιος

rare: fem nom /voc pl

σπάνιι, σπάνις

scarcity: fem dat sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)

σπάνιε, σπάνις

scarcity: fem nom /voc /acc dual (epic doric ionic aeolic)

σπάνιαι, σπανία

fem nom /voc pl

τέρμα, ατος, τό (cp. τέρμων ‘boundary’; Hom. et al.; GDI 711; PFay 217 βίου τέρμα; Sb 5829, 12; 3 Km 7:32; Wsd 12:27; SibOr 3, 756) a position on a limit of extent, end, limit, boundary (Hdt. 7, 54 ἐπὶ τέρμα τ. Εὐρώπης γίνεσθαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 5, 4; En 106:8; Philo, Mos. 1, 2 τὰ τ. γῆς τέρματα; Jos., Bell. 7, 284; Tat. 20, 2) τὸ τέρμα τῆς δύσεως the farthest limits of the west 1 Cl 5:7 (the var. interpretations of the expr. are dealt w. by Dubowy [s.v. Σπανία] 17–79). On the question of Paul’s journey to Spain s. lit. s.v. Σπανία.—DELG s.v. τέρμα A.

σπανία

fem gen pl

σπανίζω

to be rare: fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)

σπανία

fem gen pl

σπανίζω

to be rare: fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)

σπάνιος

rare: fem dat pl

σπανία

fem dat pl

σπάνιος

rare: fem acc sg (epic ionic)

σπανία

fem acc sg (epic ionic)

σπάνιος

rare: fem nom /voc pl

σπανία

fem nom /voc pl

σπᾰν-ιος, α, ον (also ος, ον Arist.HA 608b21, Thphr.Lap.3, Plb.4.16.3, etc.), of persons and things,

A rare, scarce, scanty, Hdt.2.67, 5.29, etc.; σ. θήρευμα.. λαβεῖν a rare catch, E.IA 1162; of persons, rarely seen, aloof, δυσπρόσιτος, ἔσω τε κλῄθρων σπάνιος ib. 345 (troch.);

σ. σεαυτὸν παρέχειν Pl.Euthphr.3d

, cf. Plu.Crass.7; τῷ ὕδατι σ. χρώμενοι having a scanty supply of water, Th.7.4; in an Adv.sense, σπάνιος ἐπιφοιτᾷ he seldom visits, Hdt.2.73; so τοὺς σπανίους ἰδεῖν στρατηγούς seldom seen, X.Cyr.7.5.46, cf. Pl.Lg. 953c;

σπάνιοι περιπεπλεύκασι Str.15.1.4

; σπάνιόν ἐστι, c. inf., it is seldom that.., X.Cyr.1.3.3, Isoc.10.13; opp. ῥᾴδιον, Archyt.3; σπάνιον εἴ τις.. it is rare for one to.., Str.7.3.4: τὸ ς. Aeschin.3.180, Arist.Mete. 372a23;

ὁ ταὧς διὰ τὸ σ. θαυμάζεται Eub.114

.

II [comp] Comp.

σπανιώτερος Hdt.8.25

, Th. 1.33, etc.: [comp] Sup.

- ώτατος Id.7.68

, Lyr.Adesp.138.1, Pl.Cra. 389a, etc.

III Adv. - ίως seldom, X.Ages.9.1, Arist.HA 488b6, Plb.2.15.6 (so

σπάνιον Str.3.5.1

, Plu.Cic.8, etc., but σπανίᾳ is Adj. in Pl. Phdr. 256c, and σπάνιον in Arist.Mete. 372a14): [comp] Comp.

- ιώτερον Th.1.23

;

- ιαίτερον Thphr.HP3.7.5

codd.—Rare in Poets, as Ion Eleg. 3.4.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: and ἠπανεῖ ἀπορεῖ, σπανίζει, ἀμηχανεῖ H.

Derivatives: Further ἠπανία ἀπορία, σπάνις, ἀμηχανία H., EM 433, 17; coni. in AP 5, 238.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Prob. connected with πανία `πλησμονή'; so with metr. length. for *ἀ-πανία (WP. 2, 8)? (But cf. σπανία `lack, shortage'.) DELG objects how η- can reflect an α- privans. Not with Fick 2, 42 to πῆ-μα, πη-ρός or with Curtius to πένομαι (with prefixal ἠ- after Prellwitz Glotta 19, 126).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `rarity, scarcity' (IA.).

Other forms: Ion. dat. -ι.

Derivatives: 1. σπάνιος `rare, scarce' (IA.); in compp. for it σπανο-, e.g. σπανο-σιτ-ία f. `lack of grain, provision' (X., Arist., inscr. a. o.; σπανι- σπάνις Delos III^a); σπανο-πώγων, - ωνος `having a scarce growth of beard' (Ion Hist., pap.), shortened from this σπανός `id.', also `eunuch' (Ptol. a. o., Byz.; Fraenkel Μνήμ. χάριν 1, 100, E. Maass RhM 74, 432); σπανι-άκις `infrequent' (Luc. a. o.), - ότης f. = σπάνις (Isoc., Ph.), also σπανία `id.' (E. Rh. 245 [lyr.]; from σπάνιος or enlarged from σπάνις; Scheller Oxytonierung 38). 2. Verb σπανίζω, - ομαι, also w. ὑπο-, `to lack in smth., to lack, to be sparse, to be missing' (Pi., IA.) with σπαν-ιστός `meagre, sparse' (S. a.o.), - ιστικός `id.' (Vett. Val.); σπανίζω also factitive `to exhaust, to spend, to dispense' (LXX, pap., Ph. Byz.); backformed from the verb σπανόν τίμιον, πολλοῦ ἄξιόν ἐστιν H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)

Etymology: Etymology doubted. Rather with νι-suffix to σπάω (Persson Beitr. 1, 397 n. 1 as supposition with Curtius 272) than with zero grade to πένομαι (s. Curtius a. O.; anl. σπ- gives problems). Diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 157 (to Lat. pēnūria). -- Furnée 378, however, may be right in connecting ἠπανᾳ -νεῖ ἀπορεῖ, σπανίζει, ἀμηχανεῖ H, assuming a prothetic σ- and a prothetic α- lengthened to ἠ-. If so, the word is Pre-Greek.

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Παῦλος, ου, ὁ Paul, a Roman surname (never a praenomen), found in lit. (e.g. Diod S 14, 44, 1; 15, 76, 1), ins, pap; Mel., HE 4, 26, 3)

① Sergius Paulus s. Σέργιος.

② Paul, the apostle of Jesus Christ; fr. the beginning he bore the Israelite name Saul as well as the Graeco-Roman Paul (difft. e.g. HDessau, Her 45, 1910, 347–68 and EMeyer III 197; s. GHarrer, HTR 33, ’40, 19–33.—Σαούλ 2 and Σαῦλος), prob. born in Tarsus (s. Ταρσός), and perh. brought up there (but s. WvUnnik, Tarsus or Jerusalem, ’62), born a Roman citizen. He was educated in Mosaic tradition, but was not untouched by the syncretistic thought-world in which he lived. At first he was a zealous Pharisee and as such a vehement foe of Christians, but his perspective was changed by a vision of Jesus Christ (OKietzig, D. Bekehrg. d. Pls ’32; EPfaff, Die Bekehrg. d. hl. Pls in d. Exegese des 20. Jahrh. ’42; CBurchard, Der Dreizehnte Zeuge, ’70, 126 n. 278 [lit. since ’54]). Most prominent of the apostles to the nations/gentiles. As such he worked in Nabataean Arabia, Syria, and Cilicia, traveled through Cyprus, Asia Minor, Macedonia, and Greece, and planned a missionary journey via Italy to Spain (s. Σπανία). He was prevented fr. carrying out this plan (at least at this time) by his subsequent arrest in Jerusalem and the lawsuit connected w. it (NVeldhoen, Het Proces van den Ap. Pls 1924; ESpringer, D. Proz. des Ap. Pls: PJ 218, 1929, 182–96; HCadbury, Roman Law and the Trial of Paul: Beginn. I/5, ’33, 297–338). He reached Rome only as a prisoner (on the journey FDavies, St. Paul’s Voyage to Rome ’31), and was prob. executed there: Ac 9 and 13–28; Ro 1:1; 1 Cor 1:1, 12f; 3:4f, 22; 16:21; 2 Cor 1:1; 10:1; Gal 1:1; 5:2; Eph 1:1; 3:1; Phil 1:1; Col 1:1, 23; 4:18; 1 Th 1:1; 2:18; 2 Th 1:1; 3:17; 1 Ti 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:1; Phlm 1, 9, 19; 2 Pt 3:15; Pol 9:1; (11:2, 3). AcPl Ant 13, 9 recto and 15 verso (= Aa I 237, 1f) and 66 times AcPl Ha, including once ὁ μακάριος Π. AcPl Ha 3, 27; the same 4 times in AcPlCor. ὁ μακάριος Π. ὁ ἀπόστολος 1 Cl 47:1. Π. ὁ ἡγιασμένος, ὁ μεμαρτυρημένος, ἀξιομακάριστος IEph 12:2. ὁ μακάριος καὶ ἔνδοξος Π. Pol 3:2. Mentioned w. Peter 1 Cl 5:5; IRo 4:3.—S. also ApcEsdr 5:22 p. 30, 24 Tdf.; with John ApcEsdr 1:19 p. 25, 13 Tdf.—CClemen, Paulus 1904, where the older lit. is given. Other lit. in RBultmann, TRu n.s. 6, ’34, 229–46; 8, ’36, 1–22; WLyons and MParvis, NT Literature 1943–45, ’48, 225–39; GBornkamm, RGG³ V, ’61, 189f; ABD s.v.—ADeissmann, Pls² 1925 (Eng. tr. WWilson 1926); EvDobschütz, Der Ap. Pls I 1926; LMurillo, Paulus 1926; KPieper, Pls., Seine missionarische Persönlichkeit u. Wirksamkeit^2,3 1929; EBaumann, Der hl. Pls 1927; PFeine, Der Ap. Pls 1927; RLiechtenhan, Pls 1928; HLietzmann, Gesch. d. Alten Kirche I ’32, 102–31; JStewart, A Man in Christ ’36; CScott, St. Paul, the Man and the Teacher ’36; ANock, St. Paul ’38; TGlover, Paul of Tarsus ’38; CYver, S. Paul ’39; VGrÿnbech, Paulus ’40; WvLoewenich, Pls ’40; DRiddle, Paul, Man of Conflict ’40; EBuonaiuti, San Paolo ’41; JBover, San Pablo ’41; EAllo, Paul ’42; JKlausner, Fr. Jesus to Paul ’43; EGoodspeed, Paul ’47; JKnox, Chapters in a Life of Paul ’50; MDibelius, Paulus ’51; ²’56, with WKümmel (Eng. tr. FClarke ’53); EFascher, Pauly-W. Suppl. VIII 431–66, ’57.—FPrat, La théologie de S. Paul 1924f (Eng. tr. JStoddard ’57); CScott, Christianity Acc. to St. Paul 1928; OMoe, Apostolen Pls’ Forkyndelse og Laere 1928; AKristoffersen, Åpenbaringstanke og misjonsforkynnelse hos Pls, diss. Upps. ’38; RGuardini, Jes. Chr. I (in Paul) ’40; ChGuignebert, Le Christ ’43, 3 (Paulinisme).—A Schweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr. WMontgomery ’31); MGoguel, La Mystique Paulin.: RHPhr 11, ’31, 185–210; MDibelius, Pls u. d. Mystik ’41; AFaux, L’ Orphisme et St. Paul: RHE 27, ’31, 245–92; 751–91; HWindisch, Pls u. Christus, E. bibl.-rel. gesch. Vergleich ’34.—EEidem, Det kristna Livet enligt Pls I 1927; MEnslin, The Ethics of Paul 1930; LMarshall, The Challenge of NT Ethics ’46; DWhiteley, The Theol. of St. Paul, ’64.—APuukko, Pls u. d. Judentum: Studia Orientalia 2, 1928, 1–86; HWindisch, Pls u. d. Judentum ’35; NMansson, Paul and the Jews ’47; WKnox, St. Paul and the Church of the Gentiles ’39.—ASteinmann, Z. Werdegang des Pls. Die Jugendzeit in Tarsus 1928; EBarnikol, D. vorchristl. u. früchristl. Zeit des Pls 1929; AOepke, Probleme d. vorchristl. Zeit des Pls: StKr 105, ’33, 387–424; GBornkamm, D. Ende des Gesetzes, Paulusstudien ’52.—WKümmel, Jes. u. Pls: ThBl 19, ’40, 209–31; ASchlatter, Jes. u. Pls ’40; WDavies, Paul and Rabbinic Judaism ⁴’80.—GRicciotti, Paul the Apostle (Eng. tr. AlZizzamia) ’53; JSevenster, Paul and Seneca, ’61; H-JSchoeps, Paulus ’59 (Engl. tr. HKnight, ’61); BMetzger, Index to Periodical Lit. on Paul ’60; Wv Loewenich, Paul: His Life and Works (transl. GHarris), ’60; WSchmithals, Paul and James (transl. DBarton), ’65; EGüttgemanns, D. Leidende Apostel, ’66; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT ’66, 165–80; SPorter, The Paul of Acts ’99; additional lit. HBetz, ABD V 199–201.—LGPN I. M-M. EDNT. TW.